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Books on the topic 'Care cascade'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hawes, Kristine A. Cascades of silence: The cafe leviticus poems. Simi Valley, CA: Alternate Way Press, 1996.

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2

Bruno Balbino Aires da Costa. "Mossoró não cabe num livro": Luís da Câmara Cascudo, o historiador da cidade. João Pessoa: Ideia, 2012.

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3

Tainted-Blood Tragedy in Canada: A Cascade of Governance Failures. Commoner's Publishing Society, Incorporated, 2016.

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4

The Cascade Analysis Tool for Continuum of Care Analytics: An Application in Diabetes Care in Ukraine. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/33741.

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5

Taramusi, Isaac, Chenjerai Sisimayi, Clemens Benedikt, Nejma Cheikh, Nicole Fraser, Zara Shubber, Maria del Mar Quiroga, Mark Minnery, Rowan Martin-Hughes, and Sherrie Kelly. Improving the Allocative Efficiency of the HIV Response Across the Care Cascade in Zimbabwe. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/33271.

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6

WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Metrics for Monitoring the Cascade of HIV Testing, Care and Treatment Services in Asia and the Pacific. World Health Organization, 2020.

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7

Framework for Monitoring HIV/STI Services for Key Populations in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121054.

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In Latin America and the Caribbean, between 50% and 65% of new HIV infections occur in key populations or their clients or sexual partners. Improving the availability and coverage of HIV/STI services for these populations requires the support of monitoring systems that are sustainable and adapt to the needs of the countries of the region. To respond to this need, the Pan American Health Organization, through an agreement with the Global Fund, has developed the Framework for Monitoring HIV/STI Services for Key Populations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It introduces a novel system in which the impact of HIV services on key populations is determined, not only by how HIV-positive people maintain an undetectable viral load but also by how HIV-negative people remain HIV-free. This document lists the essential HIV/STI services that, based on a combination prevention approach, should be offered to people from key populations. The monitoring framework establishes one or more indicators for each of the essential services together with the methodology for their measure. Likewise, a new HIV prevention cascade is introduced, which adds to the existing HIV care cascade. Countries are encouraged to disaggregate by key population group the HIV prevention and care cascades as well as the indicators. Finally, it is urgent to show the contribution of civil society organizations to the response to HIV infection and STIs to ensure their sustainability once external donors leave the region. To this end, the framework encourages breaking down the prevention and care cascades information by the service provider, to identify the contribution of health ministries, civil society organizations, and other actors.
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8

Morpurgo, Michael. Cascades - "Why the Whales Came" (Collins Cascades). HarperCollins Publishers, 1989.

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9

Singhi, Pratibha, Naveen Sankhyan, and Sunit Singhi. Acute Bacterial Meningitis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0144.

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Bacterial meningitis is one of the severest infections in childhood. Neuronal damage in meningitis is largely due to the extensive inflammatory cascade induced by pathogenic bacteria. This chapter discusses the current understanding of the interaction of multitude of factors in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis. This includes the mechanisms involved in transcellular traversal of the bacteria, and induction and release of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The management of a child with bacterial meningitis requires meticulous supportive care and timely, appropriate, and adequate antibiotic therapy. The chapter also reviews the current understanding of some important clinical aspects of care of a child with bacterial meningitis.
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10

Singhi, Pratibha, and Arushi G. Saini. Amoebic Infections of the Central Nervous System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0165.

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Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous and can cause severe infections of the nervous system. The pathogenesis involves neuronal damage due to the activation of inflammatory cascade induced by the pathogenic amoebae, including both acute fulminant and chronic granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion; eliciting history of contact with water or soil habitats of free-living amoebae is important. The chapter provides an overview of the different types of nervous system infections caused by the four genera of free-living amoebae, including their pathogenesis, rapid diagnostic tools, clinical features, and treatment strategies. Management includes timely, appropriate, and adequate antimicrobial therapy and supportive care.
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11

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Antifibrinolytics and Thrombolytics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0008.

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There is a balance between activation of the coagulation cascade leading to thrombin and the fibrinolytic system dissolving clots. Antifibrinolytic drugs and fibrinolytic drugs are commonly used in the neurosciences intensive care unit. Antifibrinolytics, mostly tranexamic acid, are used to prevent rebleeding of recently ruptured intracranial aneurysms because fibrinolysis is considered the main mechanism of rebleeding. Drugs resulting in fibrinolysis are commonly used in vascular medicine and in cardiology. In acute ischemic stroke with disability, intravenous alteplase is the main fibrinolytic drug, and there is proof of its benefit. Both fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic drugs are frequently initiated in the emergency department where patients are seen first. The current use, mechanisms, and targets of these medications are reviewed in this chapter.
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12

Price, Jennifer Cohen, Priyanka Amin, and Antoine Douaihy. Hepatitis C and HIV Co-Infection. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0043.

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Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Because of shared risk factors, individuals living with HIV infection are disproportionately affected by HCV. Moreover, co-infection with HIV accelerates the natural history of chronic HCV infection, increasing the risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation, and death. Highly effective medications such as direct-acting antivirals (DAA) to cure HCV are now available and have the potential to profoundly improve the health of HIV-HCV-co-infected individuals. However, addressing the many gaps in the HCV care cascade is necessary to fully achieve the benefits of these drugs. This chapter reviews the natural history of HIV-HCV co-infection, the psychiatric comorbidities associated with HCV infection, the evolution of HCV treatment, and the barriers to care that HIV-HCV-co-infected individuals continue to face.
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13

Pagè, Fréric, Dominique Maison, and Michael Faulde. Current control strategies for infectious diseases in low-income countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0002.

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The burden of communicable diseases is ten times higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in terms of mortality rate and of years of life lost. Most of the LMCIs are in tropical or subtropical areas with vector-favorable climate conditions and poverty impeding access to improved water supply, sanitation, and efficient health care coverage. Public health strategies to control infectious diseases can be sorted by prevention level. Infectious diseases control strategies often combine actions from different prevention levels according to the stage of a disease. At the individual level, actions and interventions are succeeding in a logical cascade following the stage of the disease as community-level actions are implemented. We present strategies that have been implemented to control infectious diseases, their limits and the needs to attain successful control of infectious diseases in LMICs.
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14

Jeziorski, Alison M. Drowning and Near Drowning. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0081.

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Drowning and near drowning are submersion injuries that are the fifth leading cause of unintentional death in the United States and the second leading cause of unintentional death in children under 14 years old. The lungs are the primary organ affected by a submersion event, however the resulting hypoxemia allows for a cascade of organ involvement. Several factors have been identified in determining survival and neurologic recovery, including submersion duration, temperature of water, initiation of bystander resuscitation, and initial neurologic exam. Treatment can be viewed as two-tiered: out-of-hospital and in-hospital resuscitation. Often, after a period of stabilization, patients may have a change in clinical status requiring escalation of care, therefore it is important to be mindful of even minor status changes. The importance of water safety and education of parents, children, and adolescents may decrease the likelihood of submersion injuries in the future.
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15

Ahuja, Christopher S., and Michael Fehlings. Neuroprotection for Spinal Cord Injury. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0015.

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Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) often have a devastating impact on quality of life for patients and their families. Neuroprotection for spinal cord injury is aimed at improving functional outcomes by limiting secondary injury processes that occur within the first minutes, hours, and days following the primary injury. The primary mechanical trauma initiates a secondary injury cascade where ischemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytotoxic changes in the microenvironment cause further cell death and loss of function. Time-sensitive neuroprotective measures targeting these secondary insults have emerged as key therapeutic strategies. This chapter summarizes current evidence-based neuroprotective treatments, such as blood pressure augmentation, early surgical decompression, and intravenous methylprednisolone, as well as important emerging interventions, including therapeutic hypothermia, sodium channel blockade using riluzole, and the anti-inflammatory actions of minocycline. The chapter concludes by summarizing the current guidelines that all practitioners should be well-versed in prior to providing care for patients with SCI.
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16

Sturt, Amy S., and Jennifer S. Read. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0008.

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Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) represents the most common means of acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection in children, and it can occur in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally through breastfeeding. Interventions during each of these time periods can reduce the risk of MTCT. MTCT prevention involves a cascade of services, including contraception to avoid unintended pregnancies, prenatal care (including universal HIV screening and antiretrovirals), cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes when indicated, and complete avoidance of breastfeeding when possible. After delivery, infant HIV acquisition can be mitigated through the provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis. More data are needed regarding the mode of delivery and whether cesarean section is beneficial in women with a delivery viral load of less than 1,000 copies/mL who are using effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. There is also a need for better understanding of the optimal duration of infant post exposure prophylaxis both after birth and during breastfeeding.
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17

Wiersinga, W. Joost, and Tom van der Poll. The host response to infection in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0303.

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Infection continues to be a leading cause of intensive care unit death. The host response to infection can be seen as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated dysregulation of the immune system following pathogen invasion in which a careful balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is vital. A measured and rapid response to microbial invasion is essential to health. The same immunological and coagulation systems that protect against localized infection can act to our disadvantage when these systems are activated systemically during generalized microbial infection. Toll-like receptors (TLR), the inflammasomes and other PRRs initiate the host response after recognition of pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns (PAMPs) or endogenous danger-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). The systemic host response to infection will result in activation of coagulation, downregulation of physiological anticoagulant mechanisms, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Further dissection of the role of host–pathogen interactions, the cytokine response, the coagulation cascade and their multidirectional interactions in sepsis should lead towards the development of new therapeutic approaches in the critically ill who are faced with infection.
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18

Mugavero, Michael J., and J. Michael Kilby. HIV/AIDS in the Fourth Decade. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the maturing HIV/AIDS epidemic, now in its fourth decade, with global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reductions in the number of new HIV cases in many regions in the world. Advances in biomedical prevention with promising clinical trial findings for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and microbicides provide a scientific foundation for the prevention of new infections in persons who are HIV uninfected and at risk. Landmark trials identifying the benefits of ART treatment as prevention (TasP) of new HIV infections and demonstrating the benefits of early ART initiation at higher CD4 counts have informed global guidelines. The pendulum has swung back to recommending early ART initiation for all persons living with HIV upon learning of a new diagnosis. However, late diagnosis persists as a formidable challenge, and gaps in engagement in medical care among diagnosed persons, as depicted by the treatment cascade, as well as suboptimal adherence to biomedical prevention and ART threaten the effectiveness of these scientific discoveries. The tools and resources are available to hasten the end of HIV/AIDS around the globe with integration of service delivery to address the medical, psychiatric, psychological, and societal impact the virus poses to individuals and communities living with and at risk for HIV/AIDS.
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19

Marris, Emma. A good story. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0012.

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This chapter begins with a viral video about a trophic cascade initiated by the return of wolves to Yellowstone National Park. It then challenges the narrative of that video. How strong is the evidence for the trophic cascade that has been claimed to exist in Yellowstone? A survey of the relevant literature suggests that the matter is far from settled. But the absence of a scientific consensus is not reflected in the popular press. Analysis of a random sample of newspaper articles about wolf reintroduction shows that a simplistic version of the scientific story is reported far more often than the more complex, but more accurate, tale of an unresolved hypothesis. A particular study on wolf-mediated effects on grizzly bears, via elk and berries, is examined in more depth. Ultimately, the chapter makes the case that the more nuanced story is not only more factually accurate, it also tells an essential truth about the nature of ecology.
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20

William A, Schabas. Part 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility, and Applicable Law: Compétence, Recevabilité, Et Droit Applicable, Art.21 Applicable law/Droit applicable. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0026.

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This chapter comments on Article 21 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 21 is an important innovation since none of the previous statutes of international criminal tribunals has contained a provision dealing with ‘applicable law’. Article 21(1) imposes a hierarchy of sources, with a three-tiered cascade of applicable norms. Article 21(2) contemplates the case law of the Court, but without indicating where it fits within the hierarchy. Article 21(3) does not, strictly speaking, provide a new source. Rather, it makes all of the applicable law in article 21 subject to ‘internationally recognized human rights’.
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21

Puttler, Leon I., Robert A. Zucker, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald. Developmental Science, Alcohol Use Disorders, and the Risk–Resilience Continuum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0001.

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The origins and expression of addiction are best understood within the context of developmental processes and dynamic systems organization and change. For some individuals, these dynamic processes lead to risk cumulative or cascade effects that embody adverse childhood experiences that exacerbate risk; predict early onset of drinking, smoking, or other substance use; and often lead to a substance use disorder (SUD) during the transitions to adolescence and emergent adulthood. In other cases, protective factors within or outside of the individual’s immediate family enable embodiment of normative stress regulatory systems and neural networks that support resilience and prevention of SUDs. A case study is provided to illustrate these processes and principles of the organization of addictive behavior. Finally, a model of risk to resilience captures the flow of development and the extent to which individual-experience relationships contribute to risk and resilience.
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22

Fabbri, Chiara, and Alessandro Serretti. The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0031.

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease associated with high personal and socio-economic burden. Genetics accounts for 20–95% of variability in central nervous system drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, thus genetic markers are considered a promising way to develop tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of the disease. Among mood stabilizers, lithium response was the most investigated phenotype and the most replicated genes are involved in synaptic plasticity (BDNF), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD1) neurotransmission, and second messenger cascades (GSK3B). Relevant pharmacogenetic findings regarding other mood stabilizers are hyperammonaemia (CPS1 gene) and hepatic dysfunction (POLG gene) induced by valproate and immune-mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (HLA-B*1502) induced by lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Polymorphisms in cytochrome (CYP) P450 genes are expected to provide useful information particularly in case of polypharmacy. Despite few pharmacogenetic tests are currently recommended, the development of pharmacogenetics in other fields of medicine provides an encouraging perspective.
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23

Kolko, David J., and Eric M. Vernberg. Assessment and Intervention with Children and Adolescents Who Misuse Fire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190261191.001.0001.

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Children and adolescents in the general population and in clinical populations reveal surprisingly high rates of playing with fire or actual firesetting behavior. A single fire has the potential to cause a cascade of serious consequences to the child, family, and the community, some of which may continue forever. Yet, there is limited practical information and advice based on available empirical evidence to help programs or practitioners work effectively with children or adolescents who misuse fire, and their families. This book provides practical guidelines designed to facilitate the clinical assessment and treatment of youthful firesetting behavior based on nearly four decades of research and intervention experience with this population. The topics covered in this book address several important content areas. Initial chapters provide an overview of the significance of the problem, and some lessons learned based on case control, clinical trial, and real-world implementation projects. Recommendations for using screening and assessment measures that evaluate firesetting and general psychosocial issues are included. Several intervention methods are outlined for use with children, caregivers, and families. These methods encompass fire safety education materials and several cognitive-behavioral treatment skills-training procedures that focus on understanding of the fire, affect regulation and self-control, parenting practices, and home-based management programs. The book also includes suggestions to promote professional and program development which reflect on various educational, ethical, legal, collaborative, and community safety considerations. The book’s content is intended to help a diverse array of practitioners understand and target the context in which the misuse of fire occurs.
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