Journal articles: 'Cardiovascular system function'

1

Wynands, J. Earl. "Haemodynamic monitoring: Cardiovascular system function." Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal 32, no. 3 (May 1985): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03015145.

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Troshina, E. A., M. Y. Yukina, N. A. Ogneva, and N. V. Mazurina. "Thyroid function disorders and cardiovascular system." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket20106112-19.

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Becker, B. F., S. Zahler, C. Seligmann, C. Kupatt, and G. Richard. "Adenosine in the cardiovascular system: Formation and function." Clinical Biochemistry 30, no. 3 (April 1997): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9120(97)87647-3.

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Mehrpouri, Mahdieh, Rafie Hamidpour, and Mohsen Hamidpour. "Cinnamon inhibits platelet function and improves cardiovascular system." Journal of Medicinal Plants 1, no. 73 (March 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jmp.1.73.1.

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Sedmera, David. "Function and form in the developing cardiovascular system." Cardiovascular Research 91, no. 2 (March 2, 2011): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvr062.

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Watso, Joseph C., and William B. Farquhar. "Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081866.

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Hypohydration, defined as a state of low body water, increases thirst sensations, arginine vasopressin release, and elicits renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation to replenish intra- and extra-cellular fluid stores. Hypohydration impairs mental and physical performance, but new evidence suggests hypohydration may also have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. This is alarming because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Observational studies have linked habitual low water intake with increased future risk for adverse cardiovascular events. While it is currently unclear how chronic reductions in water intake may predispose individuals to greater future risk for adverse cardiovascular events, there is evidence that acute hypohydration impairs vascular function and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Specifically, acute hypohydration may reduce endothelial function, increase sympathetic nervous system activity, and worsen orthostatic tolerance. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the currently available evidence linking acute hypohydration with altered vascular function and BP regulation.

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McMahon, B. R. "Control of cardiovascular function and its evolution in Crustacea." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.5.923.

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Work in the last decade has shown that crustacean open circulatory systems are highly efficient and controlled in a complex manner. Control occurs at several levels. Myocardial contraction is initiated in the cardiac ganglion but constantly modulated by the central nervous system, both directly via the cardioregulatory nerves and indirectly via the neurohormonal system. Heart rate and stroke volume can be controlled independently and measurements of both are needed to assess cardiac output accurately. Haemolymph outflow from many arthropod hearts is via a complex multiarterial distribution system, and the regional distribution of cardiac output is tightly controlled via cardioarterial valves at the base of each artery. These valves contain innervated muscle, and differential contraction serves to regulate the efflux of oxygenated haemolymph into a particular system. The major influence on both the evolution and control of arthropod open blood vascular systems is efficiency of oxygen uptake and delivery. This influence is illustrated by reference to a variety of crustacean and other arthropod types.

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Brown, James M. "Ion Channels in the Cardiovascular System: Function and Dysfunction." Annals of Vascular Surgery 9, no. 2 (March 1995): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-5096(06)60609-2.

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HASSER, EILEEN M., and JULIA A. MOFFITT. "Regulation of Sympathetic Nervous System Function after Cardiovascular Deconditioning." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 940, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03698.x.

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Nichols, Colin G. "Ion Channels in the cardiovascular system: Function and dysfunction." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 1994): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(94)90063-9.

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Bates, Nicola. "Poisons affecting the cardiovascular system." Companion Animal 25, no. 8 (September 2, 2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0066.

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Cardiac and cardiovascular function can be affected by numerous substances, including overdose of drugs for cardiac and cardiovascular conditions, drugs used in the management of other diseases, over-the-counter medicines and supplements, foods and natural toxins such as plants. A common cause of tachycardia in dogs is exposure to salbutamol from piercing an asthma inhaler. Cardiac drugs such as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers can cause hypotension and disrupt cardiac rhythm. Although severe cases are not common in companion animals, management may be complex, requiring high dose insulin therapy and/or lipid emulsion therapy. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which are found in foods, and caffeine in supplements, are readily accessible to pets and can cause central nervous system and muscle (including cardiac muscle) stimulation. Animals with pre-existing cardiac disease or those with a mixed cardiotoxic drug overdose are likely to be more at risk of effects after exposure to substances affecting the cardiovascular system. Support of cardiac and cardiovascular function is essential to prevent cardiac injury and maintain tissue perfusion. Specific management depends on the severity of clinical signs and the particular substance involved.

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Schlossmann, Jens, and Matthias Desch. "IRAG and novel PKG targeting in the cardiovascular system." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 3 (September 2011): H672—H682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00198.2011.

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Signaling by nitric oxide (NO) determines several cardiovascular functions including blood pressure regulation, cardiac and smooth muscle hypertrophy, and platelet function. NO stimulates the synthesis of cGMP by soluble guanylyl cyclases and thereby activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), mediating most of the cGMP functions. Hence, an elucidation of the PKG signaling cascade is essential for the understanding of the (patho)physiological aspects of NO. Several PKG signaling pathways were identified, meanwhile regulating the intracellular calcium concentration, mediating calcium desensitization or cytoskeletal rearrangement. During the last decade it emerged that the inositol trisphosphate receptor-associated cGMP-kinase substrate (IRAG), an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored 125-kDa membrane protein, is a main signal transducer of PKG activity in the cardiovascular system. IRAG interacts specifically in a trimeric complex with the PKG1β isoform and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor I and, upon phosphorylation, reduces the intracellular calcium release from the intracellular stores. IRAG motifs for phosphorylation and for targeting to PKG1β and 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor I were identified by several approaches. The (patho)physiological functions for the regulation of smooth muscle contractility and the inhibition of platelet activation were perceived. In this review, the IRAG recognition, targeting, and function are summarized compared with PKG and several PKG substrates in the cardiovascular system.

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Mingarelli, Maurizio. "The cardiovascular system renal regulation." Nephrology @ Point of Care 2, no. 1 (January 2016): pocj.5000201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/pocj.5000201.

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The study of kidney physiology and cardiovascular system physiology has long unveiled several points of contract from which the existence of integrated mechanisms between the two systems has readily been inferred. In conclusion, the need is felt to conduct new studies to explore how the physiologic response to neuro-vegetative stimuli correlates to the renal function level indicated by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a view to demonstrating that a decreased GFR results in cardiovascular alterations whose size is directly proportional to the same GFR reduction.

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ALVAREZ-RAMIREZ, JOSE, EDUARDO RODRIGUEZ, JUAN CARLOS ECHEVERRIA, and JORGE X. VELASCO-HERNANDEZ. "EQUILIBRIUM MULTIPLICITY IN A CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MODEL." Journal of Biological Systems 14, no. 03 (September 2006): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339006001854.

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The aim of this paper is to show that, for some parameters, a two-dimensional cardiovascular system model can exhibit intrinsic equilibrium multiplicity generated by a backward bifurcation, regardless of the baroreflex effect. The model considers the dynamics of arterial and venous compartments and a feedback effect in the stroke volume induced by venous pressure changes. The results of the mathematical analysis indicate that multiple non-trivial equilibrium points exist when the stroke volume function is convex around the origin. Interestingly, this equilibrium point structure would imply that under certain stroke volume functions, the baroreflex system would have to stabilize and regulate an unstable operating condition produced by certain values of the stroke volume. The paper ends with the discussion of some implications for the reliability and robustness of the baroreflex-feedback mechanism.

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Peate, Ian. "The circulatory system." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 14, no. 11 (December 2, 2020): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2020.14.11.548.

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The circulatory system transports blood around the body. The blood carries a number of other substances needed by the body to function effectively; the cardiovascular system keeps life pumping through the body. This article offers an overview of this essential body system. It is vital to understanding the various functions of the cardiovascular system, along with its various pathways of veins, arteries and capillaries when providing people with safe and effective care. A glossary of terms has been included. A short quiz at the end of the article has been provided to encourage recall and learning.

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Saternos, Hannah C., Daniyah A. Almarghalani, Hayley M. Gibson, Mahmood A. Meqdad, Raymond B. Antypas, Ajay Lingireddy, and Wissam A. AbouAlaiwi. "Distribution and function of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system." Physiological Genomics 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00062.2017.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are widely known to mediate numerous functions within the central and peripheral nervous system. Thus, they have become attractive therapeutic targets for various disorders. It has long been known that the parasympathetic system, governed by acetylcholine, plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular function. Unfortunately, due to the lack of pharmacologic selectivity for any one muscarinic receptor, there was a minimal understanding of their distribution and function within this region. However, in recent years, advancements in research have led to the generation of knockout animal models, better antibodies, and more selective ligands enabling a more thorough understanding of the unique role muscarinic receptors play in the cardiovascular system. These advances have shown muscarinic receptor 2 is no longer the only functional subtype found within the heart and muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 mediate both dilation and constriction in the vasculature. Although muscarinic receptors 4 and 5 are still not well characterized in the cardiovascular system, the recent generation of knockout animal models will hopefully generate a better understanding of their function. This mini review aims to summarize recent findings and advances of muscarinic involvement in the cardiovascular system.

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Barjaktarovic, Mirjana, Tim I. M. Korevaar, Romy Gaillard, Yolanda B. de Rijke, Theo J. Visser, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, and Robin P. Peeters. "Childhood thyroid function, body composition and cardiovascular function." European Journal of Endocrinology 177, no. 4 (October 2017): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-17-0369.

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Objective The cardiovascular system is a known target for thyroid hormone. Early-life cardiovascular alterations may lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Little is known about the effects of thyroid hormone on cardiovascular function during childhood, including the role of body composition in this association. Design Population-based prospective cohort of children (n = 4251, median age 6 years, 95% range: 5.7–8.0 years). Methods Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were measured to assess thyroid function. Left ventricular (LV) mass was assessed with echocardiography. Arterial stiffness was assessed with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Results FT4 was inversely associated with LV mass (P = 0.002), and with lean body mass (P < 0.0001). The association of FT4 with LV mass was partially mediated through variability in lean body mass (55% mediated effect). TSH was inversely associated with LV mass (P = 0.010), predominantly in boys. TSH was positively associated with systolic and diastolic BP (both P < 0.001). FT4 was positively associated with CFPWV and diastolic BP (P < 0.0001, P = 0.008, respectively), and the latter association attenuated after adjustment for CFPWV. Conclusions At the age of 6 years, higher FT4 is associated with lower LV mass (partially through effects on lean body mass) and with higher arterial stiffness, which may lead to higher BP. Our data also suggest different mechanisms via which TSH and FT4 are associated with cardiovascular function during early childhood.

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Oksjoki, Riina. "Function and regulation of the complement system in cardiovascular diseases." Frontiers in Bioscience 12, no. 8-12 (2007): 4696. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/2419.

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Williams, Redford B., Douglas A. Marchuk, Kishore M. Gadde, John C. Barefoot, Katherine Grichnik, Michael J. Helms, Cynthia M. Kuhn, et al. "Central Nervous System Serotonin Function and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress." Psychosomatic Medicine 63, no. 2 (March 2001): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200103000-00016.

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Hegde, Sharath S. "Significance of peripheral dopaminergic system in cardiovascular and renal function." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 1990): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(90)90169-9.

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Mialet-Perez, Jeanne, and Cécile Vindis. "Autophagy in health and disease: focus on the cardiovascular system." Essays in Biochemistry 61, no. 6 (December 12, 2017): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170022.

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Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of lysosome-mediated protein and organelle degradation that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the last few years, specific functions for autophagy have been identified in many tissues and organs. In the cardiovascular system, autophagy appears to be essential to heart and vessel homeostasis and function; however defective or excessive autophagy activity seems to contribute to major cardiovascular disorders including heart failure (HF) or atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of cardiovascular autophagy in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

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MATSUI, HIKORO, and HELENA GARDINER. "CURRENT ASPECTS OF FETAL CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION." Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 19, no. 1 (February 2008): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539508002118.

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Investigation of fetal cardiac function remains a challenging task. Although the response of the heart to changes in load is well-known in animal models and the adult human, the developmental changes in fetal cardiac response remain poorly characterised. However, quantitative evaluation of cardiovascular function is important to predict the clinical course and to manage the fetus optimally. To date, the routine evaluation of fetal cardio vascular function has relied largely on Doppler echocardiography which enables an estimate of haemodynamics; newer modalities such as measurement of myocardial velocities are employed less routinely. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging still lacks the resolution necessary to contribute significantly to morphological or functional assessment of the fetal cardiovascular system.

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Golbidi, Saeid, and Ismail Laher. "Exercise and the Cardiovascular System." Cardiology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/210852.

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There are alarming increases in the incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The risk of these diseases is significantly reduced by appropriate lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity. However, the exact mechanisms by which exercise influences the development and progression of cardiovascular disease are unclear. In this paper we review some important exercise-induced changes in cardiac, vascular, and blood tissues and discuss recent clinical trials related to the benefits of exercise. We also discuss the roles of boosting antioxidant levels, consequences of epicardial fat reduction, increases in expression of heat shock proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, mitochondrial adaptation, and the role of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial potassium channels in the contributing to the cardioprotection offered by exercise. In terms of vascular benefits, the main effects discussed are changes in exercise-induced vascular remodeling and endothelial function. Exercise-induced fibrinolytic and rheological changes also underlie the hematological benefits of exercise.

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Huxley, Virginia H. "Sex and the cardiovascular system: the intriguing tale of how women and men regulate cardiovascular function differently." Advances in Physiology Education 31, no. 1 (January 2007): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00099.2006.

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The ability to recognize and appreciate from a reproductive standpoint that males and females possess different attributes has been long standing. Only more recently have we begun to look more deeply into both the similarities and differences between men and women, as well as between boys and girls, with respect to the structure and function of other organ systems. This article focuses on the cardiovascular system, with examples of sex differences in the control of coronary function, blood pressure, and volume. Recognizing the differences between the sexes with respect to cardiovascular function facilitates understanding of the mechanisms whereby homeostasis can be achieved using different contributions or components of the living system. Furthermore, recognition of the differences as well as the similarities permits the design of appropriate diagnostic instruments, recognition of sex-specific pathophysiology, and implementation of appropriate treatment of cardiovascular disease in men and women.

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Watts, Stephanie W. "The love of a lifetime: 5-HT in the cardiovascular system." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 2 (February 2009): R252—R256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90676.2008.

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Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is an amine made from the essential amino acid tryptophan. 5-HT serves numerous functions in the body, including mood, satiety, and gastrointestinal function. Less understood is the role 5-HT plays in the cardiovascular system, although 5-HT receptors have been localized to every important cardiovascular organ and 5-HT-induced changes in physiological function attributed to activation of these receptors. This manuscript relates a few scientific stories that test the idea that 5-HT is important to the control of normal vascular tone, more so in the hypertensive condition. Currently, our laboratory is faced with two different lines of experimentation from which one could draw vastly different conclusions as to the ability of 5-HT to modify endogenous vascular tone and blood pressure. Studies point to 5-HT being important in maintaining high blood pressure, but other studies solidly support the ability of 5-HT to reduce elevated blood pressure. This work underscores that our knowledge of the functions of 5-HT in the cardiovascular system is significantly incomplete. As such, this field is an exciting one in which to be, because there are superb questions to be asked.

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Vargas, Félix, Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez, Pablo Vargas-Tendero, Eugenio Jimenez, and Mercedes Montiel. "The renin–angiotensin system in thyroid disorders and its role in cardiovascular and renal manifestations." Journal of Endocrinology 213, no. 1 (October 31, 2011): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0349.

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Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases and affect virtually all physiological systems, with an especially marked impact on cardiovascular and renal systems. This review summarizes the effects of thyroid hormones on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the participation of the RAS in the cardiovascular and renal manifestations of thyroid disorders. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of cardiac and renal mass, vascular function, renal sodium handling, and consequently blood pressure (BP). The RAS acts globally to control cardiovascular and renal functions, while RAS components act systemically and locally in individual organs. Various authors have implicated the systemic and local RAS in the mediation of functional and structural changes in cardiovascular and renal tissues due to abnormal thyroid hormone levels. This review analyzes the influence of thyroid hormones on RAS components and discusses the role of the RAS in BP, cardiac mass, vascular function, and renal abnormalities in thyroid disorders.

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Bates, Nicola. "CPD article: Poisons affecting the cardiovascular system." Veterinary Nurse 11, no. 7 (September 2, 2020): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2020.11.7.310.

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Cardiac and cardiovascular function can be affected by numerous substances, including overdose of drugs for cardiac and cardiovascular conditions, drugs used in the management of other diseases, over-the-counter medicines and supplements, foods and natural toxins such as plants. A common cause of tachycardia in dogs is exposure to salbutamol from piercing an asthma inhaler. Cardiac drugs such as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers can cause hypotension and disrupt cardiac rhythm. Although severe cases are not common in companion animals, management may be complex, requiring high dose insulin therapy and/or lipid emulsion therapy. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which are found in foods, and caffeine in supplements, are readily accessible to pets and can cause central nervous system and muscle (including cardiac muscle) stimulation. Animals with pre-existing cardiac disease or those with a mixed cardiotoxic drug overdose are likely to be more at risk of effects after exposure to substances affecting the cardiovascular system. Support of cardiac and cardiovascular function is essential to prevent cardiac injury and maintain tissue perfusion. Specific management depends on the severity of clinical signs and the particular substance involved.

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Slinker, B. K., and S. A. Glantz. "Beat-to-beat regulation of left ventricular function in the intact cardiovascular system." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): R962—R975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.4.r962.

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A variety of regulatory mechanisms have evolved to control the heart's pump function because the cardiovascular system must continually adapt to the changing demands that body functions place on it. This regulation takes place through many physiological systems; however, fine adjustments in cardiac pumping probably require adaptations more quickly than external control mechanisms (such as the autonomic nervous system) can compensate. Thus cardiac pumping is also regulated by mechanisms intrinsic to the heart. To better understand these intrinsic control mechanisms, we studied the beat-to-beat response of left ventricular function to continually varying changes in loading conditions produced by transiently occluding the pulmonary artery, venae cavae, and aorta. We used multiple linear regression to identify and quantify the important beat-to-beat determinants of left ventricular systolic function, quantified as stroke work. We could not adequately explain or predict beat-to-beat changes in stroke work with traditional determinants of ventricular function, preload, afterload, and heart rate, because a large systematic error remains after taking these traditional determinants of function into account. To eliminate this systematic error, we had to include some function of previous beat stroke volume and end-systolic size and pressure. This additional information significantly improved both our ability to model the observed transient changes in left ventricular stroke work and to predict additional observations that were not used to develop our model. We conclude that previous beat contraction history is an important determinant of left ventricular function and implies an important regulatory mechanism whereby the left ventricle can fine tune its function from beat to beat in response to continually changing loading conditions.

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Hernandez, A. M., M. A. Mañanas, and R. Costa-Castelló. "EJS-Based Laboratory for Learning the Function of the Cardiovascular System." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 24 (2010): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20091021-3-jp-2009.00006.

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Floka, Svetlana, and Nadezhda Razguliaeva. "P86 Cardiovascular system and kidney function after delivery in hypertensive gravidas." Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health 1 (October 2010): S65—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2210-7789(10)60252-8.

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Sader, M. "Endothelial function, vascular reactivity and gender differences in the cardiovascular system." Cardiovascular Research 53, no. 3 (February 15, 2002): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00473-4.

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Williams, Redford B. "Lower Central Nervous System Serotonergic Function and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease." Stroke 38, no. 8 (August 2007): 2213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.107.494088.

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Yanai, Shigeaki, Shoji Satoh, Takashi Koyanagi, Naoko Kinukawa, and Hitoo Nakano. "Can twin fetuses be numerically clustered characterizing fetal cardiovascular system function?" Early Human Development 48, no. 1-2 (April 1997): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(96)01850-6.

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Sierra, Salvador, Natasha Luquin, and Judith Navarro-Otano. "The endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function: novel insights and clinical implications." Clinical Autonomic Research 28, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-017-0488-5.

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Ignatyev, A. M., N. A. Matsegora, and K. A. Yarmula. "Violations of cardiovascular system function at the workers of marine transport." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 74, no. 5 (November 2013): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.097.

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Ruffolo, Robert R. "Distribution and function of peripheral α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 22, no. 5 (May 1985): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(85)90535-0.

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Breno, M. C. "23.2. Cardiovascular function and the rennin–angiotensin system in Viperidae snakes." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 148 (August 2007): S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.269.

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Gogakos, Apostolos I., Tasos Gogakos, Marina Kita, and Zoe A. Efstathiadou. "Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 43 (December 22, 2020): 5573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824999201105165351.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is responsible for the neuroendocrine control of several organ systems. The anterior pituitary directly affects the functions of the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and gonads, and regulates growth and milk production. The posterior hypophysis, through nerve connections with the hypothalamic nuclei, releases vasopressin and oxytocin responsible for water balance and social bonding, sexual reproduction and childbirth, respectively. Pituitary gland hormonal excess or deficiency results in dysregulation of metabolic pathways and mechanisms that are important for the homeostasis of the organism and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are common in pituitary disease and have a significant impact on survival. Hormonal imbalance is associated with CV complications either through direct effects on the heart structure and function and vasculature or indirectly by altering the metabolic profile. Optimal endocrine control can prevent or reverse CV defects and preserve survival and quality of life. In this review, we discuss the effects of pituitary hormone excess and deficiency on the CV system. Specifically, we assess the impact of Somatotroph, Corticotroph, Gonadotroph, and Lactotroph anterior pituitary axes on the CV system. The effect of posterior pituitary function on the CV system is also explored.

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Sughimoto, Koichi, Fuyou Liang, Yoshiharu Takahara, Kenji Mogi, Kenji Yamazaki, Shu Takagi, and Hao Liu. "Assessment of cardiovascular function by combining clinical data with a computational model of the cardiovascular system." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 145, no. 5 (May 2013): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.07.029.

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Aoyama, Norio. "Effect of periodontal disease on circulatory system via vascular endothelial function." Impact 2021, no. 5 (June 7, 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.5.22.

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In establishing better interconnectedness between different branches of medicine, new advancements can be made. Instead of focusing on the affected region of a body, it can be helpful to look at a bigger picture and explore the links to other body parts. For example, there are links between dentistry and general medicine but yet there remains a separation between the two. There is a growing awareness of how oral health can impact on the rest of the body, such as links between periodontal disease and cardiovascular diseases, and this is the context of Associate Professor Norio Aoyama's work. He is based at Kanagawa Dental University, Japan, where he is exploring the links between the cardiovascular system and the oral environment. He hopes that his work can enhance awareness of the relationship between medical care and dentistry. Periodontal disease can lead to chronic infection and eventual loss of teeth. One hallmark of this chronic infection is the related chronic immune response with inflammation and Aoyama believes the link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease is due to this chronic element. Aoyama and his team try demonstrating a causal link between the two diseases by recruiting patients to create control and test groups. The patients in the main test group, with periodontal disease but no cardiovascular risk factors, might have their vascular endothelial dysfunction examined using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry.

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Hornstra, G., C. A. Barth, C. Galli, R. P. Mensink, M. Mutanen, R. A. Riemersma, M. Roberfroid, K. Salminen, G. Vansant, and P. M. Verschuren. "Functional food science and the cardiovascular system." British Journal of Nutrition 80, S1 (August 1998): S113—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980107.

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AbstractCardiovascular disease has a multifactorial aetiology, as is illustrated by the existence of numerous risk indicators, many of which can be influenced by dietary means. It should be recalled, however, that only after a cause-and-effect relationship has been established between the disease and a given risk indicator (called a risk factor in that case), can modifying this factor be expected to affect disease morbidity and mortality. In this paper, effects of diet on cardiovascular risk are reviewed, with special emphasis on modification of the plasma lipoprotein profile and of hypertension. In addition, dietary influences on arterial thrombotic processes, immunological interactions, insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinaemia are discussed. Diet-ary lipids are able to affect lipoprotein metabolism in a significant way, thereby modifying the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, more research is required concerning the possible interactions between the various dietary fatty acids, and between fatty acids and dietary cholesterol. In addition, more studies are needed with respect to the possible importance of the postprandial state. Although in the aetiology of hypertension the genetic component is definitely stronger than environmental factors, some benefit in terms of the development and coronary complications of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients can be expected from fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. This particularly holds for those subjects where the hypertensive mechanism involves the formation of thromboxane A2and/or α1-adrenergic activities. However, large-scale trials are required to test this contention. Certain aspects of blood platelet function, blood coagulability, and fibrinolytic activity are associated with cardiovascular risk, but causality has been insufficiently proven. Nonetheless, well-designed intervention studies should be initiated to further evaluate such promising dietary components as the variousn−3 andn−6 fatty acids and their combination, antioxidants, fibre, etc. for their effect on processes participating in arterial thrombus formation. Long-chain polyenes of then−3 family and antioxidants can modify the activity of immunocompetent cells, but we are at an early stage of examining the role of immune function on the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Actually, there is little, if any, evidence that dietary modulation of immune system responses of cells participating in atherogenesis exerts beneficial effects. Although it seems feasible to modulate insulin sensitivity and subsequent cardiovascular risk factors by decreasing the total amount of dietary fat and increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, additional studies on the efficacy of specific fatty acids, dietary fibre, and low-energy diets, as well as on the mechanisms involved are required to understand the real function of these dietary components. Finally, dietary supplements containing folate and vitamins B6and/or B12should be tested for their potential to reduce cardiovascular risk by lowering the plasma level of homocysteine.

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Mariana, Melissa, and Elisa Cairrao. "Phthalates Implications in the Cardiovascular System." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 7, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7030026.

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Today’s sedentary lifestyle and eating habits have been implicated as some of the causes of the increased incidence of several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, environmental pollutants have also been identified as another possible cause for this increase in recent decades. The constant human exposure to plastics has been raising attention regarding human health, particularly when it comes to phthalates. These are plasticizers used in the manufacture of industrial and consumer products, such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) plastics and personal care products, with endocrine-disrupting properties, as they can bind molecular targets in the body and interfere with hormonal function. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic, they are easily released into the environment during their manufacture, use, or disposal, leading to increased human exposure and enhancing health risks. In fact, some studies have related phthalate exposure with cardiovascular health, having already shown a positive association with the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis in adults and some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to present and relate the most recent studies concerning the implications of phthalates effects on the cardiovascular system.

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Monteiro, João P., Matthew Bennett, Julie Rodor, Axelle Caudrillier, Igor Ulitsky, and Andrew H. Baker. "Endothelial function and dysfunction in the cardiovascular system: the long non-coding road." Cardiovascular Research 115, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 1692–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvz154.

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AbstractPresent throughout the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for blood vessel function and play a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the intricate molecular determinants governing endothelial function and dysfunction is essential to develop novel clinical breakthroughs and improve knowledge. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are active regulators of the endothelial transcriptome and function, providing emerging insights into core questions surrounding EC contributions to pathology, and perhaps the emergence of novel therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss this class of non-coding transcripts and their role in endothelial biology during cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease, highlighting challenges during discovery and characterization and how these have been overcome to date. We further discuss the translational therapeutic implications and the challenges within the field, highlighting lncRNA that support endothelial phenotypes prevalent in cardiovascular disease.

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Soslau, Gerald. "Extracellular adenine compounds within the cardiovascular system: Their source, metabolism and function." Medicine in Drug Discovery 4 (December 2019): 100018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100018.

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Brede, Marc, and Lutz Hein. "Transgenic mouse models of angiotensin receptor subtype function in the cardiovascular system." Regulatory Peptides 96, no. 3 (January 2001): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00168-3.

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McLean, P. "Kinin B1 receptors and the cardiovascular system: regulation of expression and function." Cardiovascular Research 48, no. 2 (November 2000): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(00)00184-x.

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Markert, Michael, Katrin Christ, Karin Graf, Thomas Trautmann, Anja Ege, Florian Krause, and Brian Guth. "A New Telemetry-based System for Assessing Cardiovascular Function in Large Animals." Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 88 (November 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2017.09.174.

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Sheriff, Don D. "Role of the Venous System in Supporting Cardiovascular Function in Physical Stress." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00598.

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Araki, Masaru, Hiroki Nanri, Kuniaki Ejima, Yoshinobu Murasato, Toshiyuki Fujiwara, Yasuhide Nakashima, and Masaharu Ikeda. "Antioxidant Function of the Mitochondrial Protein SP-22 in the Cardiovascular System." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 4 (January 22, 1999): 2271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.4.2271.

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Sakamoto, Takumi, Keiko Nakahara, Keisuke Maruyama, Tetsuro Katayama, Kenji Mori, Mikiya Miyazato, Kenji Kangawa, and Noboru Murakami. "Neuromedin S regulates cardiovascular function through the sympathetic nervous system in mice." Peptides 32, no. 5 (May 2011): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.015.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cardiovascular system function'

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