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Gupta, Purnima, Evelyn Garcia, Amrita Sarkar, Sumit Kapoor, Khadija Rafiq, Hitendra S. Chand, and Rahul Dev Jayant. "Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases." Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets 19, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871529x18666180508113253.
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Nanotechnology has gained increased attention for delivering therapeutic agents effectively to the cardiovascular system. Heart targeted nanocarrier based drug delivery is a new, effective and efficacious approach for treating various cardiac related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Nanocarrier based drug delivery system circumvents the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects and damage to the normal cells. Modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers such as size, shape and surface modifications can immensely alter its invivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and will provide better treatment strategy. Several nanocarriers such as lipid, phospholipid nanoparticles have been developed for delivering drugs to the target sites within the heart. This review summarizes and increases the understanding of the advanced nanosized drug delivery systems for treating cardiovascular disorders with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Jastrzębska, Marta, Michael E. Czok, and Przemysław Guzik. "Autoimmune diseases, their pharmacological treatment and the cardiovascular system." Cardiology Journal 20, no. 6 (December 11, 2013): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/cj.2013.0156.
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Cambón, Adriana, Lilia Arellano, Eva Villar-Álvarez, Xaniar Smailzadeh, Silvia Barbosa Fernández, and Pablo Taboada Antelo. "New Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Treatment." Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07993.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term that includes diseases that affect the circulatory system and/or the heart. Their underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue in the arteries' internal wall, provoking to some extent their obstruction. Atherosclerosis is still addressed as a simple disease instead of the complex interplay of different types of cells and cascade signaling pathways, so the use of any single imaging or therapeutic agent alone is unlikely to provide a satisfactory outcome. Hence, other treatment strategies need to be implemented, in particular, those using new nanomaterials able to target the plaque and to efficiently treat it, and that can be easily released by the body without provoking adverse effects. With this background, we have designed a biocompatible drug delivery vehicle that efficiently loads and protects the drug Atorvastatin (ATO reduces the LDL levels) while a folate receptor in the external shell targets inflamed areas. To avoid the common toxic effects of folic acid (FA) or ATO in the body at certain concentrations, the vehicle will provide covalent attachment for the FA on the surface and cage structure for ATO protection. To complement the treatment, genetic material will be included in a separate compartment to actively influence the regulation of immune responses and inflammatory disorders.
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Volpe, Massimo, Speranza Rubattu, and Allegra Battistoni. "ARNi: A Novel Approach to Counteract Cardiovascular Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092092.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still represent the greatest burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite the enormous efforts over the last twenty years to limit the spread of cardiovascular risk factors, their prevalence is growing and control is still suboptimal. Therefore, the availability of new therapeutic tools that may interfere with different pathophysiological pathways to slow the establishment of clinical CVDs is important. Previously, the inhibition of neurohormonal systems, namely the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system, has proven to be useful in the treatment of many CVDs. Attempts have recently been made to target an additional hormonal system, that of the natriuretic peptides (NPs), which, when dysregulated, can also play a role in the development CVDs. Indeed, a new class of drug, the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), has the ability to counteract the effects of angiotensin II as well as to increase the activity of NPs. ARNi have already been proven to be effective in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. New evidence has suggested that, in the next years, the field of ARNi application will widen to include other CVDs, such as heart failure, with preserved ejection fraction and hypertension.
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Sun, Siyu, Qinhui Tuo, Dongxu Li, Xiulong Wang, Xuefang Li, Yiyue Zhang, Guoan Zhao, and Fei Lin. "Antioxidant Effects of Salidroside in the Cardiovascular System." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (September 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9568647.
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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main human health risks, and the incidence is increasing. Salidroside is an important bioactive component of Rhodiola rosea L., which is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, tumor, depression, and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that salidroside has therapeutic effects, to some degree, in cardiovascular diseases via an antioxidative mechanism. However, evidence-based clinical data supporting the effectiveness of salidroside in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are limited. In this review, we discuss the effects of salidroside on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases and highlight potential antioxidant therapeutic strategies.
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Diaconu, Camelia Cristina, Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu, Anca Pantea Stoian, Radu Ciprian Tincu, Cristian Cobilinschi, Razvan Ion Florin Dragomirescu, Bogdan Socea, et al. "Hyperkalemia and Cardiovascular Diseases: New Molecules for the Treatment." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6326.
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Potassium is a key electrolyte for the maintenance of cardiovascular system health, being involved in a broad array of vital physiological processes. Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem and potentially life-threatening condition predominantly seen in patients with cardiac and kidney disease, especially if receiving treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Several studies have demonstrated the short and long-term morbidity and mortality that hyperkalemia induces in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Plenty of data is currently emerging on this topic. This paper aims to review the new strategies and molecules for improving the management of hyperkalemia.
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Li, Shuzhen, Bingyu Yang, Yang Du, Yurui Lin, Jiaqi Liu, Songming Huang, Aihua Zhang, Zhanjun Jia, and Yue Zhang. "Targeting PPARα for the Treatment and Understanding of Cardiovascular Diseases." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 51, no. 6 (2018): 2760–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495969.
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Three members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, have been investigated widely over the past few decades. Although the roles of these PPARs and their agonists/antagonists were defined in clinical and basic studies, the conflicting results from these studies indicate that more analysis is needed to understand the roles of PPARs. PPARα is a ligand-activated transcription factor that contributes to the regulation of a variety of processes, ranging from inflammation and immunity to nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the function and mechanisms of PPARα in the cardiovascular system under various pathological conditions, including vascular and heart injury, blood pressure regulation, and lipid disorder-related cardiovascular injury, as well as its polymorphisms and pharmacogenetic associations with cardiovascular diseases. The anti-inflammatory effect of PPARα in cardiovascular injury is mainly through inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and improvement of the lipid profile. Moreover, PPARα also modulates the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and resets the renin-angiotensin system to regulate vascular tone. PPARα gene variants appear to be associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, such as higher plasma lipid levels, cardiac growth, and increased risk of coronary artery disease. Nowadays, novel PPARα drugs with broad safety margins and therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are being developed and applied in the clinical setting. The insights from the current review shed new light on areas of further study and provide a better understanding of the role of PPARα in cardiovascular diseases.
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Fan, Mingqiang, Xiangxiang Yang, Tao Ding, Yu Cao, Qiaoke Si, Jing Bai, Yongchun Lin, and Xinke Zhao. "Application of Ultrasound Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9999654.
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Cardiovascular disease is a common chronic disease in the medical field, which has a great impact on the health of Chinese residents (especially the elderly). At present, the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in my country is not optimistic. Overall, the prevalence and mortality of CVD are still on the rise. The timely and effective detection and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are of great practical significance to improve the health of residents and to carry out prevention and treatment. This article aims to study the application of ultrasound-based virtual reality technology in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by medical staff. The focus is on the application of feature attribute selection related algorithms and classification related algorithms in medical and health diagnosis systems, and a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease diagnosis system based on naive Bayes algorithm and improved genetic algorithm is designed and developed. The system builds a diagnostic model for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diagnoses and displays the corresponding results based on the patient’s examination data. This paper first puts forward the theoretical concepts of ultrasonic virtual reality technology, scientific computing visualization, genetic algorithm, naive Bayes algorithm, and surgery simulation system and describes them in detail. Then, we construct a three-dimensional ultrasonic virtual measurement system, from the collection and reconstruction of image data to the filtering and segmentation of image data, plus the application of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology to construct a three-dimensional measurement system. The experimental results in this paper show that 10 isolated congenital heart disease models with atrial septal defect (ASD) established through the use of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology measured the short diameter, long diameter, and area of the atrial septal defect in the left and right atria. Finally, a value of L less than 0.05 indicates that the statistics are meaningful, and a value of r generally greater than 0.9 indicates that the virtual measurement result is highly correlated with the real measurement result.
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Chaulin, Aleksey M., and Dmitry V. Duplyakov. "Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-223-228.
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Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.
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Wang, Yifei, Shi Zhou, Shuai Lei, Liying Hao, Deri Sun, and Huiyuan Hu. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Diseases." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3715.
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In recent years, there are increasing evidences of epidemiology and clinic which indicate that vitamin D deficiency has relationship with cardiovascular disease. It was found the levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with cardiovascular events such as hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease. This article reviews the connection between cardiovascular diseases and vitamin D, and explains the underlying mechanisms including regulating renin-angiotensin system or endothelial function, inhibition of natriuretic peptide expression or the release of parathyroid hormone, effects on inflammation or obesity, bioenergetics, activation of extracellular Ca2+, inhibition of oxidative stress, and so on. These mechanisms provide novel strategy for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhao, Wang, Shui-Ping Zhao, and Yu-Hong Zhao. "MicroRNA-143/-145 in Cardiovascular Diseases." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/531740.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the onset and development of many cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143/-145) cluster is essential for differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and determines VSMC phenotypic switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in knowledge concerning the function of miR-143/-145 in the cardiovascular system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the potential role of miR-143/-145 as valuable biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases and explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-143 and miR-145.
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Drogovoz, S. M., L. B. Ivantsyk, Yu V. Stoletov, A. L. Shtroblya, A. V. Kononenko, and K. V. Drogovoz. "Possibilities of carboxytherapy for diseases of the cardiovascular system." Likarska sprava, no. 7-8 (December 30, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.7-8.2020(4).
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The aim of the study was to analyze the mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of carboxytherapy in diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Materials and methods. An analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the use of carboxytherapy for diseases of CVS. Results and discussions. The mechanism of action of carboxytherapy is based on the principle of the introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the patient's body, due to which many pathological disorders can be eliminated. Inhalation and non-inhalation introduction of CO2 into the body has been used for medicinal purposes for many decades. The empirical (off label) use of this therapy in course of time has gained a wide clinical evidence base. There is a large amount of clinical evidence in the world of the effective use of carboxytherapy in many fields of medicine, including those with CVS diseases. It is proved that CO2 introduced into the body penetrates freely through cell membranes and has antihypoxic, vasodilating, antioxidant, anti-ischemic, antispasmodic and other positive effects. Therefore, carboxytherapy contributes to a complex of pharmacological effects inherent of traditional antianginal, hypotensive, antispasmodic and other drugs that are widely used in the treatment of CVS diseases. Conclusions. An analysis of domestic and foreign experience in carboxytherapy shows that the effects of CO2 in diseases of the CVS are achieved by improving oxygenation and microcirculation, anti-anginal, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-oxidant, and analgesic effects of this gas. Carboxytherapy is an alternative, promising and safe method of treating diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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Tian, Rong, Wilson S. Colucci, Zoltan Arany, Markus M. Bachschmid, Scott W. Ballinger, Sihem Boudina, James E. Bruce, et al. "Unlocking the Secrets of Mitochondria in the Cardiovascular System." Circulation 140, no. 14 (October 2019): 1205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.040551.
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Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of leading experts in heart failure, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondria research in August 2018. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the potential of mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies in heart failure. The workshop provided short- and long-term recommendations for moving the field toward clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases by using mitochondria-based approaches.
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Magrupov, T. M., Z. M. Yuldashev, and S. P. Abdihalikov. "A Medical Hardware-Software System for Remote Monitoring of Heart Diseases." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-2-78-86.
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Introduction. Wireless diagnostics of patients’ functional state is important for ensuring timely detection and treatment of diseases. In this article, the development of a medical hardware-software system for remote monitoring of the state of biological objects is considered on the example of cardiovascular diseases.Aim. To develop a medical hardware-software system for remote monitoring of the main cardiovascular parameters and to expand the scope of medical remote telemetry equipment, which can eventually lead to improved medical services.Materials and methods. On the example of cardiovascular diseases, an analysis of the existing medical hardwaresoftware system for remote monitoring of the state of biological objects was carried out, taking into account the cardiac monitoring of the electrocardiogram. This method is widely used for in the diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Results. A method was proposed for creating a hardware-software system for remote monitoring of the main cardiovascular parameters to ensure timely detection and treatment of diseases. The general structure of such a system, including its advantages and disadvantages and the routing of information, is described. The proposed technology of prolonged remote monitoring of the patient's health state makes it possible to increase the efficiency of detecting dangerous heartbeat arrhythmia by about 30%.Conclusions. The proposed system solves the problem of registering biological parameters without significant interference in the patient’s vital activity, which allows typical conditions to be traced. Remote data collection also facilitates the load on medical personnel, reduces the number of contacts with patients and improves their psychological state.
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Rosenbaugh, Erin G., Krupa K. Savalia, Devika S. Manickam, and Matthew C. Zimmerman. "Antioxidant-based therapies for angiotensin II-associated cardiovascular diseases." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 304, no. 11 (June 1, 2013): R917—R928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00395.2012.
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Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and heart failure, are associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and increased circulating and tissue levels of ANG II, a primary effector peptide of the RAS. Through its actions on various cell types and organ systems, ANG II contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by inducing cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, vasoconstriction, sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys, sympathoexcitation, and activation of the immune system. Cardiovascular research over the past 15–20 years has clearly implicated an important role for elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating these pathophysiological actions of ANG II. As such, the use of antioxidants, to reduce the elevated levels of ROS, as potential therapies for various ANG II-associated cardiovascular diseases has been intensely investigated. Although some antioxidant-based therapies have shown therapeutic impact in animal models of cardiovascular disease and in human patients, others have failed. In this review, we discuss the benefits and limitations of recent strategies, including gene therapy, dietary sources, low-molecular-weight free radical scavengers, polyethylene glycol conjugation, and nanomedicine-based technologies, which are designed to deliver antioxidants for the improved treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although much work has been completed, additional research focusing on developing specific antioxidant molecules or proteins and identifying the ideal in vivo delivery system for such antioxidants is necessary before the use of antioxidant-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases become a clinical reality.
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Kurbonalievich, Akhmedov Shavkat, Oripov Rustam Anvarovich, Ashirov Zohijon Fayozjonovich, Nuralieva Rano Matyakubovna, and Haydarov Musomiddin Mukhammadievich. "Features Of The Use Of Antioxidant Drugs In The Treatment Of Psoriatic Disease." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue02-07.
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Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious disease of a multifactorial nature, which often occurs in the form of rashes and peeling of the skin. Psoriasis occupies a significant share in the dermatological structure of diseases at the present time. [1, 2]. Despite the numerous scientific studies conducted by scientists in many countries regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinic and treatment of psoriasis, there is still a question about the main cause of the disease.In a significant number of patients with psoriasis, lesions of the nervous system, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal pathology, pathology of the genitourinary system, as well as, often with damage to the articular systems of the skeleton together with disorders of the immune system, were revealed. All this indicates the multifactorial nature of the disease. In this regard, the search for optimal drugs that would affect several pathogenetic links of the disease is currently underway. [3, 4,]. Therefore, today, we consider this issue relevant.
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Begum, S. Gousia. "Various Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 7, no. 04 (December 31, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.7.4.1.
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Cardiovascular disease the life threatens issues in the present days, which includes other diseases like angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. The various novel drug delivery systems like transdermal patches, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, microbubbles, drug-eluting balloons, and an eluting drug stents are used for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy and showed better patient compliance in the present days.
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Cardoso, João Felipe R., Célia Cohen, Fernanda J. Medeiros, Fabiano M. Serfaty, and Mario F. T. Neves. "Perspectives of incretin mimetics in cardiovascular diseases." Brazilian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 20, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2021.59746.
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Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) is a chronic conditionassociated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,neuropathies, nephropathies and eye diseases. Incretins (GIPand GLP-1) are hormones important to insulin secretion, andtheir actions are compromised in DM2 patients. Objectives:This review considers the opportunities and challenges ofusing incretin mimetics in the treatment of DM2. Methods:Bibliographic review referring to the period from 2000 to2020, in electronic databases such as Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed,Web of Science. Results: Incretins stimulate insulin secretionby the pancreas in response to nutrient intake, with a lowerpotential to cause hypoglycemia. In addition, they have acardioprotective role, reducing blood pressure, improvingendothelial and myocardial function, and their use has beenassociated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascularevents, including cardiovascular mortality. Clinical trialswith GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RA) reduced albuminuria, increasednatriuresis, and decreased oxidative stress. In addition,treatment with incretin mimetics reduced the occurrence ofthe main cardiovascular outcomes related to atherosclerosis,promoted weight loss and improved lipid profile. Conclusion:Studies show the important role of incretin mimetics in thepathophysiology and treatment of DM2, with significanteffects in the cardiovascular system. However, its use must beevaluated in relation to its safety and to in which individualsthe benefits outweigh the risks associated with the treatment.Thus, its clinical relevance depends on studies with long-termfollow-up of patients, with analysis of its impact on mortalityand on the development of micro and macrovascularcomplications.
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Xu, Tao, Wei Ding, Xiaoyu Ji, Xiang Ao, Ying Liu, Wanpeng Yu, and Jianxun Wang. "Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9030563.
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ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of cell death promotes the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is the clinical target during the disease treatment. Numerous studies show that ROS production is closely linked to the cell death process and promotes the occurrence and development of the cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulation of intracellular ROS, the roles of ROS played in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the programmed cell death induced by intracellular ROS. We also focus on anti-ROS system and the potential application of anti-ROS strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Fajemiroye, James Oluwagbamigbe, Luiz Carlos da Cunha, Roberto Saavedra-Rodríguez, Karla Lima Rodrigues, Lara Marques Naves, Aline Andrade Mourão, Elaine Fernanda da Silva, et al. "Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7156435.
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Aging is characterized by functional decline in homeostatic regulation and vital cellular events. This process can be linked with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we discussed aging-induced biological alterations that are associated with CVDs through the following aspects: (i) structural, biochemical, and functional modifications; (ii) autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation; (iii) epigenetic alterations; and (iv) atherosclerosis and stroke development. Aging-mediated structural and biochemical modifications coupled with gradual loss of ANS regulation, vascular stiffening, and deposition of collagen and calcium often disrupt cardiovascular system homeostasis. The structural and biochemical adjustments have been consistently implicated in the progressive increase in mechanical burden and functional breakdown of the heart and vessels. In addition, cardiomyocyte loss in this process often reduces adaptive capacity and cardiovascular function. The accumulation of epigenetic changes also plays important roles in the development of CVDs. In summary, the understanding of the aging-mediated changes remains promising towards effective diagnosis, discovery of new drug targets, and development of new therapies for the treatment of CVDs.
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Donderski, Rafał Ł., Rafał Bednarski, and Jacek Manitius. "Controversy over renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors treatment in nephrology and cardiovascular diseases." Arterial Hypertension 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/ah.a2020.0007.
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Yakovlev, V. V., and T. K. Ektova. "PERSONAL FEATURES OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." PERSONALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD: HEALTH, ADAPTATION, DEVELOPMENT 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/humj20204418-426.
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The article examines the personal characteristics of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease) in connection with the formation of adherence to treatment. The study identified personal factors interrelated with various aspects of adherence, which are considered in line with the author's approach (awareness, medical trust, health-preserving behavior). Thus, the personality factors that favor the effective awareness of the patient about the lifestyle and therapy are high self-control, sensitivity, flexibility and social courage, while dominance acts as a psychological barrier in this regard. The formation of trust is positively associated with a high standard of behavior, diplomacy and self-control, and negatively with non-conformism. The behavioral aspect of adherence is determined by emotional stability, low anxiety and, in part, intelligence. At the same time, expressiveness and independence have a negative relationship with this component. Differences were found in the mean values on the adherence scale in men and women, as well as in samples of patients with different nosologies. The hypothesis of differences in the distribution of types of attitudes towards the disease in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease was confirmed.
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Yan, Cen, Xiao-Jiang Quan, and Ying-Mei Feng. "Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases." Current Gene Therapy 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523218666181003125308.
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Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte protection and preservation of cardiac function. Methodology: To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity induced by virus and random integration into the human genome. Discussion: Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production. They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer. In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective in the field of nanoparticle vehicle. Conclusion: Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.
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Habib, Shaista, Wardat us Salam, M. Arif Butt, M. Akram, and F. Smarandache. "A neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for cardiovascular diseases risk analysis." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 7807–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201163.
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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of heart disease can reduce this large number of deaths so that treatment can be carried out. Many decision-making systems have been developed, but they are too complex for medical professionals. To target these objectives, we develop an explainable neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for the timely diagnose of cardiovascular disease risk. We make our system transparent and easy to understand with the help of explainable artificial intelligence techniques so that medical professionals can easily adopt this system. Our system is taking thirty-five symptoms as input parameters, which are, gender, age, genetic disposition, smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, body mass index, depression, unhealthy diet, metabolic disorder, physical inactivity, pre-eclampsia, rheumatoid arthritis, coffee consumption, pregnancy, rubella, drugs, tobacco, alcohol, heart defect, previous surgery/injury, thyroid, sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, heart history, infection, homocysteine level, pericardial cysts, marfan syndrome, syphilis, inflammation, clots, cancer, and electrolyte imbalance and finds out the risk of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, heart attack, heart arrhythmia, peripheral artery disease, aortic disease, pericardial disease, deep vein thrombosis, heart valve disease, and heart failure. There are five main modules of the system, which are neutrosophication, knowledge base, inference engine, de-neutrosophication, and explainability. To demonstrate the complete working of our system, we design an algorithm and calculates its time complexity. We also present a new de-neutrosophication formula, and give comparison of our the results with existing methods.
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Vellasamy, Shalini, Dharmani Murugan, Razif Abas, Aspalilah Alias, Wu Yuan Seng, and Choy Ker Woon. "Biological Activities of Paeonol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164976.
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Paeonol is a naturally existing bioactive compound found in the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and it is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. To date, a great deal of studies has been reported on the pharmacological effects of paeonol and its mechanisms of action in various diseases and conditions. In this review, the underlying mechanism of action of paeonol in cardiovascular disease has been elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that paeonol treatment improved endothelium injury, demoted inflammation, ameliorated oxidative stress, suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and repressed platelet activation. Paeonol has been reported to effectively protect the cardiovascular system either employed alone or in combination with other traditional medicines, thus, signifying it could be a hypothetically alternative or complementary atherosclerosis treatment. This review summarizes the biological and pharmacological activities of paeonol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its associated underlying mechanisms for a better insight for future clinical practices.
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Ilovayskaya, I. A. "Menopausal hormone treatments and risk of cardiovascular diseases: modern view." Gynecology 20, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.40-43.
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Estrogens have a multifactorial protective effect on various components of the cardiovascular system, and postmenopause in women is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Admission of menopausal hormone therapy helps to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, but the perceived benefit far outweighs the risks in cases where women begin treatment no later than at the age of 60 or 10 years after menopause. Studies have shown that the combination of estradiol and drospirenone is effective and safe in terms of preventing cardiovascular diseases. The antiandrogenic effect of drospirenone has additional metabolic effects that may be preferable in certain groups of postmenopausal patients.
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YAN, JINGYU, YAN LU, YANGSHENG XU, JIA LIU, and XINYU WU. "INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES UTILIZING ECG SIGNALS." International Journal of Information Acquisition 07, no. 02 (June 2010): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878910002087.
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Early automatic detection of cardiovascular diseases is of great importance to provide timely treatment and reduce fatality rate. Although many efforts have been devoted to detecting various arrhythmias, classification of other common cardiovascular diseases still lacks comprehensive and intensive studies. This work aims at developing an automatic diagnosis system for myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, and bundle branch block, based on the clinic recordings provided by PTB Database. The proposed diagnosis system consists of the components as baseline wander reduction, beat segmentation, feature extraction, feature reduction and classification. The selected features are the location, amplitude and width of each wave, exactly the parameters of ECG dynamical model. We also propose a mean shift algorithm based method to extract these features. To demonstrate the availability and efficacy of the proposed system, we use a total of 13,564 beats to conduct a large scale experiment, where only 25% beats are utilized to train the eigenvectors of generalized discriminant analysis in the feature reduction phase and 25% beats are applied to train the support vector machine in the classification phase. The average sensitivity, specificity and positive predicitivity for the test set, containing 75% beats, are respectively 96.06%, 99.32% and 97.29%.
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Sokoła-Wysoczańska, Ewa, Tomasz Wysoczański, Jolanta Wagner, Katarzyna Czyż, Robert Bodkowski, Stanisław Lochyński, and Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła. "Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders—A Review." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2018): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101561.
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Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) has been recognized in the fields of cardiac science and cardiac medicine, with the significant effects of various fatty acids having been confirmed by experimental studies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be important versatile mediators for improving and maintaining human health over the entire lifespan, however, only the cardiac effect has been extensively documented. Recently, it has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in several human pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, and are also associated with a reduced incidence of stroke and atherosclerosis, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A reasonable diet and wise supplementation of omega-3 EFAs are essential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Huang, Yin-Fu. "Mobile Health-monitoring System with Inference, Fall Detection, and Cardiovascular Prediction." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 17, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 7284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v17i2.7621.
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As the lifetime of human being gets longer, the problems of chronic diseases grow more. In order to make sure the health statuses of patients are not getting worse, they must be health-monitored continuously in a long term. In this paper, a mobile health-monitoring system is built for patients in place of traditional health-caring manners, which not only gives patients more free spaces, but also can save medical resources, diagnose and predict diseases earlier. In the procedures of health-caring in-house and emergency treatment, a series of vital sensors are combined by integrating sensor network and wireless/mobile network technology to continuously transmit physiological signals of patients to a medical center in a real time, and then doctors can monitor the health statuses of patients exactly, thereby proceeding with diagnosing, recovering, and treatments.
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Rudchenko, I. V., V. V. Tyrenko, and V. A. Kachnov. "Nutrition as one of the important factors in prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 19, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2301.
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The article discusses the issues of nutrition types and related effects on cardiovascular disease, the potential benefits of a particular diet for the cardiovascular system. The problems in studying the nutrition effect on cardiovascular diseases are characterized. Special attention is paid to the plant-based diet and its effect on atherosclerosis. An analysis of PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological) study, which contains a modern view of the diet and the development of cardiovascular diseases, is carried out.
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Kurs, I. L., and N. S. Gurina. "HERBAL MEDICINES FOR TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES MARKETED IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks 4, no. 2 (2020): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51922/2616-633x.2020.4.2.1063.
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Aim. Marketing research in the segment of herbal medicines for the treatment of the diseases of the cardiovascular system in the Republic of Belarus. Methods. The study of the healthcare market was carried out using analytical and statistical methods by analyzing data from the State Register of Medicines of the Republic of Belarus (as of 01.01.2020) and the database of sales of medicines and biologically active food additives «IQVIA» (data on the sale of medicines for 2019). Data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2016 software package. Results. As of 01.01.2020, 51 herbal medicines from group C (according to the anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification «Cardiovascular system») were registered in the Republic of Belarus by 29 manufacturers from 10 countries. Most herbal medicines for treatment of cardiovascular diseases are imported (54.90%). According to originality criterion generic herbal medicines from this segment prevail, both in terms of the number of registered names (78.43%) and sales volumes in cash (53.86%) and in kind (96.49%). In terms of composition, monocomponent herbal medicines prevail (56.86%). Among monocomponent medicines the majority of herbal medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are domestic (31.37% of the total number of registered herbal medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases), while among the combined ones the greater part is imported (33.33%). In terms of sales in kind, monocomponent herbal medicines prevail (74.98%), whereas in monetary terms combined ones predominate (40.65%). Conclusion. It is a promising perspective for domestic enterprises to develop combined herbal medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in order to provide the population with more affordable medicines from this segment, as well as to implement the principles of import substitution in the healthcare market of the Republic of Belarus.
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Howden, Reuben. "Nrf2and Cardiovascular Defense." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/104308.
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The cardiovascular system is susceptible to a group of diseases that are responsible for a larger proportion of morbidity and mortality than any other disease. Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with a failure of defenses against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and/or death, leading to organ dysfunction. The pleiotropic transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid (NF-E) 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins through the antioxidant response element.Nrf2is an important component in antioxidant defenses in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.Nrf2is also involved in protection against oxidant stress during the processes of ischemia-reperfusion injury and aging. However, evidence suggests thatNrf2activity does not always lead to a positive outcome and may accelerate the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis). The precise conditions under whichNrf2acts to attenuate or stimulate cardiovascular disease processes are unclear. Further studies on the cellular environments related to cardiovascular diseases that influenceNrf2pathways are required beforeNrf2can be considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Giglio, Rosaria Vincenza, Angelo Maria Patti, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Giuseppe Lippi, Manfredi Rizzo, Peter P. Toth, and Maciej Banach. "Polyphenols: Potential Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180130112652.
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Background: Polyphenols are bioactive compounds that can be found mostly in foods like fruits, cereals, vegetables, dry legumes, chocolate and beverages such as coffee, tea and wine. They are extensively used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) providing protection against many chronic illnesses. Their effects on human health depend on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. Many studies have demonstrated that polyphenols have also good effects on the vascular system by lowering blood pressure, improving endothelial function, increasing antioxidant defences, inhibiting platelet aggregation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and reducing inflammatory responses. Methods: This review is focused on some groups of polyphenols and their effects on several cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, oxidative stress, atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, carotid artery intima-media thickness, diabetes and lipid disorders. Results: It is proved that these compounds have many cardio protective functions: they alter hepatic cholesterol absorption, triglyceride biosynthesis and lipoprotein secretion, the processing of lipoproteins in plasma, and inflammation. In some cases, human long-term studies did not show conclusive results because they lacked in appropriate controls and in an undefined polyphenol dosing regimen. Conclusion: Rigorous evidence is necessary to demonstrate whether or not polyphenols beneficially impact CVD prevention and treatment.
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Cheng, Zixi Jack, Renjun Wang, and Qing-Hui Chen. "Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiovascular System: Diseases, Treatments, and Novel Approaches." Neuroscience Bulletin 35, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-019-00337-0.
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Аbdullaev, A. A., G. J. Аbdullaeva, and Kh F. Usupova. "METABOLOMIC APPROACHES IN STUDYING OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES." Eurasian heart journal, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2021-1-106-117.
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Modern scientific approaches give clinicians an advantage in using additional tools and methods for assisting in clinical assessment and expanding their capabilities for classifying patients according to risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Biomarkers are a simple tool that allows to identify and classify people with different risk degree, quickly and accurately diagnose the condition of the disease, effectively predict and control treatment. Therefore, the identification and study of biomarkers is a serious and promising approach to understanding and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among a wide range of biomarkers, the genetic and metabolic markers is of high importance. Cardio-metabolomics is a new direction in cardiovascular science that allows researchers to study changes in metabolome and metabolic networks in diseases of the cardiovascular system in order to better understand their pathophysiological mechanism. Thus, the study of metabolome can provide important information about the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as offer the possibility of identifying new CVD biomarkers.
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Aizik, Gil, Etty Grad, and Gershon Golomb. "Monocyte-mediated drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases." Drug Delivery and Translational Research 8, no. 4 (October 20, 2017): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-017-0431-2.
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Chrysant, Steven G. "Current Status of Dual Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Blockade for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases." American Journal of Cardiology 105, no. 6 (March 2010): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.044.
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Maev, I. V., A. N. Kazulin, and D. N. Andreev. "The cardiovascular system in patients with functional and inflammatory bowel diseases." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890259-64.
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Aim. Identification of subclinical and metamanifests state changes of cardiovascular system in patients with functional and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) without a background of cardiac pathology. Materials and methods. Was examined 79 patients with colon diseases, 20 patients were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea, 37 - with undifferentiated colitis (UdC) and 22 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). As a control group were examined in 50 healthy subjects. All patients received treatment in accordance with international and national guidelines. Prescribed medications had effect on the function of the cardiovascular system. Patients with contacting the hospital and against the onset of remission was performed ultrasound of the heart. Determines the size of the left atrium, heart rate, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral vascular resistance, the presence of right heart failure, blood flow, the area of the right atrium and right ventricle in systole and diastole, and calculated the proportion of contractility of the right atrium and right ventricle. Determined systolic pressure in PA (SPPA), the average pressure in PA (APPA). Results. Clinical manifestations of cardiac syndrome was identified in 75,0% of patients with IBS, 54,1% of patients NK and 68,2% patients with UC. When performing correlation analysis in the patients with UdC and UC was noted the relationship of hemodynamic parameters and disease severity was more pronounced in UC. So, when comparing the duration of the disease and levels of the MLC - r=0,52 and r=0,73 (p
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Dodic, Biljana, Tatjana Miljkovic, Marija Bjelobrk, Cemerlic Adjic, Filip Adjic, and Slobodan Dodic. "Importance of integrated management system applied in health establishments in order to raise treatment quality." Medical review 69, no. 1-2 (2016): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1602031d.
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Introduction. The term ?management? is best characterized as ?managing? economic or social processes to achieve objectives through a rational use of material and immaterial resources by applying the principles, functions, and management methods. This study has been aimed at evaluating the value of an integrated quality management system implemented at the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina to improve the quality of treatment. Material and Methods. In the period from 2008 to 2010 about 40 employees from the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina attended various courses given by the lecturers of the Faculty of Technical Sciences, where the function and significance of the ?International Standards Organization? were explained, after which standards of interest were implemented at the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina. Results. The Department of Cardiology has introduced 11 cardiac procedures with 5 special instructions, 14 general procedures, and 7 specific procedures with 2 instructions. The Department of Cardiac Surgery has introduced 7 procedures to be implemented. The ?Vojvodina score? model was put into practice for the perioperative evaluation of cardiac surgery risk. During 2014, the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina obtained accreditation for the period of 7 years. Conclusion. The integrated quality management system must be applied in order to achieve a high level of health care in the shortest possible time and with the least possible consumption of material and human resources. The application of this system in practice gives a realistic insight into the working processes and facilitates their functioning. It demands and requires constant monitoring of the system efficiency along with continuous changes and improvements of all elements of the working processes and functional units.
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Sadykova, D. I., R. R. Nigmatullina, and G. N. Aflyatumova. "The role of serotonergic system in cardiovascular diseases development in children." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 4 (August 15, 2015): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-665.
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The role of the serotonin system as a link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension is widely discussed during the recent decades. Serotonin and histamine are part of humoral system of physiological processes regulators and modulators which under pathological conditions are transformed into factors contributing to the disease development. The membrane serotonin transporter has been identified on neurons, platelets, myocardium and smooth muscle cells. The higher is the activity of membrane transporter, the higher is the platelet serotonin concentration, its release into the blood plasma increases thus implementing its negative effects on platelets and wall of the vessels. 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes play a key role in the central mechanisms of regulation of cardiovascular activities while peripheral effects of serotonin on the vascular system are mediated by 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptor subtypes. Activation of 5-HT1A receptors causes inhibition of central sympathetic influences and further bradycardia, while 5-HT2 receptors activation - arousal of the sympathetic division, blood pressure elevation, and tachycardia. With the development of anaerobic processes serotonin via 5-HT2 receptors triggers apoptosis of cardiomyocytes leading to the development and progression of heart failure. Participation of 5HT2B receptors in the regulation of heart development during embryogenesis was shown on the mutant mice: cardiomyopathy with ventricular mass loss due to reduction of cardiomyocytes number and size was revealed. The involvement of 5-HT4 receptors in the development of sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation; in turn, the use of 5-HT4 receptor antagonists proved to be effective in the treatment of this kind of arrhythmias. Therefore, the study of the serotonergic system role in the development of cardiovascular diseases will allow to open new links in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in childhood.
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Saygin, M., H. Asci, FN Cankara, D. Bayram, S. Yesilot, IA Candan, and HH Alp. "The impact of high fructose on cardiovascular system." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 2 (March 29, 2015): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115579431.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on oxidative damage and inflammation that occur in endothelium of aorta and heart while constant consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The rats were randomly divided into three groups with each group containing eight rats. The groups include HFCS, HFCS + α-LA treatment, and control. HFCS was given to the rats at a ratio of 30% of F30 corn syrup in drinking water for 10 weeks. α-LA treatment was given to the rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day orally for the last 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The blood samples were collected for biochemical studies, and the aortic and cardiac tissues were collected for evaluation of oxidant–antioxidant system, tissue bath, and pathological examination. HFCS had increased the levels of malondialdehyde, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and uric acid and showed significant structural changes in the heart of the rats by histopathology. Those changes were improved by α-LA treatment as it was found in this treatment group. Immunohistochemical expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased in HFCS group, and these receptor levels were decreased by α-LA treatment. All the tissue bath studies supported these findings. Chronic consumption of HFCS caused several problems like cardiac and endothelial injury of aorta by hyperuricemia and induced oxidative stress and inflammation. α-LA treatment reduced uric acid levels, oxidative stress, and corrected vascular responses. α-LA can be added to cardiac drugs due to its cardiovascular protective effects against the cardiovascular diseases.
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Qi, Chenglei, and Fang Jiang. "Study on the application of accountability nursing in cardiology department." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302015.
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With the progress of medical technology, the treatment ability of central vascular diseases in hospitals is getting stronger and stronger, which improves patients’ confidence in the treatment of diseases. In the department of cardiovascular medicine, in order to improve the effect of treatment and improve patients’ satisfaction with medical services, bedside responsibility system nursing can be adopted for patients during the treatment process, which can effectively improve the quality and effect of nursing in the department of cardiovascular medicine and speed up the recovery of patients. This article narrated what is department of cardiovascular medicine, still elaborated the nursing method of bedside responsibility system in department of cardiovascular medicine and application effect.
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Zalewska, Magdalena. "Co-occurrence of depressive disorders and cardiovascular diseases – selected aspects." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2020.0023.
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Depressive disorders are a common problem in patients with cardiovascular diseases. They are associated with increased mortality, disability, increased healthcare expenditure and reduced quality of life. Depression occurs in 1 in 5 patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease or heart failure. It significantly complicates the optimal management of a patient with cardiovascular disease, primarily by reducing compliance with healthy lifestyle principles and therefore reducing the effectiveness of recommended therapeutic methods. The mechanisms responsible for unfavorable prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease and depression are associated with lifestyle factors, autonomic dysfunction, neuroendocrine disorders, inflammation, immune system dysfunction, insulin resistance and increased platelet reactivity. These mechanisms significantly interact in the regulation of both cardiovascular and central nervous system functions. Therefore, it is important to perform prompt and complete diagnosis of depression in a particular patient with cardiovascular disease, and to implement optimal therapeutic management from the psychiatric and cardiological point of view. In recent years, interest in the effect of antidepressants on cardiac parameters in patients with depression has increased. The assessment of the safety and efficacy of antidepressant therapy in the treatment of cardiac patients with depression is also important due to the fact that depression in these patients is often accompanied by other significant comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and tobacco addiction. The aim of this study was to review the most important aspects necessary in the cooperation of a psychiatrist and cardiologist that may enable the most effective treatment of patients with depressive disorders coexisting with selected cardiovascular diseases.
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Tesse, Angela, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, and Thierry Ragot. "PPARδActivity in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Potential Pharmacological Target." PPAR Research 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/745821.
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Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and particularly of PPARαand PPARγ, using selective agonists, is currently used in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PPARαand PPARγanti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties in cardiovascular cells were extensively clarified in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. In contrast, the role of PPARδin cardiovascular system is poorly understood. Prostacyclin, the predominant prostanoid released by vascular cells, is a putative endogenous agonist for PPARδ, but only recently PPARδselective synthetic agonists were found, improving studies about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of PPARδactivation. Recent reports suggest that the PPARδactivation may play a pivotal role to regulate inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, suggesting that this transcriptional factor could become an interesting pharmacological target to regulate cardiovascular cell apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism.
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Sukhareva, O. Yu, I. A. Shmushkovich, E. A. Shestakova, and M. V. Shestakova. "The incretin system in type 2 diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular effects." Problems of Endocrinology 58, no. 6 (May 14, 2013): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201258633-42.
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Cardiovascular diseases are the commonest cause of high mortality rate among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (DM2). The safety of hypoglycemic agents considered as potential risk factors of cardiovascular pathology becomes an increasingly important concern in the choice of the strategy for the treatment of DM2 as recommended in the relevant domestic and international guidelines. The data of multifaceted action exerted by incretins on the cardiovascular system have recently become available. The potential cardioprotective properties of incretin-based pharmaceutical products and mechanisms of their action are discussed
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Corti, Roberto, Christian Binggeli, Isabella Sudano, Lukas E. Spieker, René R. Wenzel, Thomas F. Lüscher, and Georg Noll. "The Beauty and the Beast: Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System." Physiology 15, no. 3 (June 2000): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.3.125.
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Sympathetic nerve activity is altered and is a prognostic factor for many cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary syndromes, and congestive heart failure. Therefore, the selection of vasoactive drugs for the treatment of these diseases should also take into consideration their effects on the sympathetic nervous system.
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Peller, Michał, Paweł Balsam, Marcin Grabowski, and Grzegorz Opolski. "The role of the endothelium in selected diseases of the cardiovascular system." Postępy Polskiej Medycyny i Farmacji 7 (May 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1584.
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In recent years, the role of endothelial function assessment in the recognition of preclinical forms of cardiovascular disease has increased. At the same time, there are tools to assess endothelial function that are fully objective and automated, which significantly affects the ease of assessment. It seems that they can displace the most commonly used method of measuring endothelial function, which is dilatation of the artery in response to ischemia. In addition to the diagnostic value, the improvement of endothelial function may be the goal of treatment of patients with known cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effect of physical activity in patients after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction on endothelial function has been demonstrated. Patients with more severe, baseline endothelial diffusion experienced the greatest benefits. Similarly, a positive effect of beta-blockers on endothelial function has been demonstrated. Other antihypertensive drugs also have this effect. Endothelial dysfunction also affects the occurrence of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. However, it has been shown that the longer duration of the arrhythmia episode decreases the degree of endothelial dysfunction as assessed by measuring serum biomarkers’ levels. The situation may be related to the adaptation of the body to the occurrence of arrhythmias.
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Lowe, Henry, Ngeh Toyang, Blair Steele, Joseph Bryant, and Wilfred Ngwa. "The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Various Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179472.
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The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, a balance in internal environment (temperature, mood, and immune system) and energy input and output in living, biological systems. In addition to regulating physiological processes, the ECS directly influences anxiety, feeding behaviour/appetite, emotional behaviour, depression, nervous functions, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, reward, cognition, learning, memory, pain sensation, fertility, pregnancy, and pre-and post-natal development. The ECS is also involved in several pathophysiological diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the ECS has gained significant interest in medicine, research, and drug discovery and development. The distribution of the components of the ECS system throughout the body, and the physiological/pathophysiological role of the ECS-signalling pathways in many diseases, all offer promising opportunities for the development of novel cannabinergic, cannabimimetic, and cannabinoid-based therapeutic drugs that genetically or pharmacologically modulate the ECS via inhibition of metabolic pathways and/or agonism or antagonism of the receptors of the ECS. This modulation results in the differential expression/activity of the components of the ECS that may be beneficial in the treatment of a number of diseases. This manuscript in-depth review will investigate the potential of the ECS in the treatment of various diseases, and to put forth the suggestion that many of these secondary metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. (hereafter referred to as “C. sativa L.” or “medical cannabis”), may also have potential as lead compounds in the development of cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals for a variety of diseases.
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Liu, Huan, and Hongyu Wang. "Early Detection System of Vascular Disease and Its Application Prospect." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1723485.
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Markers of imaging, structure, and function reflecting vascular damage, integrating a long time accumulation effect of traditional and unrecognized cardiovascular risk factors, can be regarded as surrogate endpoints of target organ damage before the occurrence of clinical events. Prevention of cardiovascular disease requires risk stratification and treatment of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. However, traditional risk stratification is not sufficient to provide accurate assessment of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, vascular injury related parameters obtained by ultrasound or other noninvasive devices, as a surrogate parameter of subclinical cardiovascular disease, can improve cardiovascular risk assessment and optimize the preventive treatment strategy. Thus, we will summarize the research progress and clinical application of early assessment technology of vascular diseases in the present review.
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Braga Braile-Sternieri, Maria Christiane Valéria, Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho, Victor Rodrigues Ribeiro Ferreira, Eliana Migliorini Mustafa, Sofia Braile Sabino, Giovanni Braile Sternieri, Luiza Braile Verdi, Cibele Olegário Vianna Queiroz, and Bethina Canaroli Sbardellini. "Covid-19 and cardiovascular diseases: Breaking news." MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/mdnt2116.
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COVID-19 disease is associated with a high inflammatory load that can induce vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Mortality from COVID-19 disease in 2019 is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. These disorders share the underlying pathophysiology related to the renin-angiotensin system (SARS). Cardiovascular disease and SARS pharmacological inhibition increase ACE2 levels, which can increase coronavirus virulence in the lung and heart. On the other hand, there is evidence that coronavirus infection can decrease ACE2, leading to toxic over-accumulation of angiotensin II, which induces acute respiratory distress syndrome and fulminant myocarditis. In addition, there is scientific evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can bind chemically to the heme group of hemoglobin and thus cause the release of iron ions (Fe2+ and Fe3+) that can damage tissues, including the lungs and heart. Another important information is that the heme group is produced by mitochondria and, in this case, the oral or intramuscular use of Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is strongly recommended, as it stimulates the increase in mitochondrial production. Therefore, the use of chelators of iron ions is notorious, as well as the administration of Coenzyme Q10 as a treatment for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.