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1
Amaya-Amaya, Jenny, Laura Montoya-Sánchez, and Adriana Rojas-Villarraga. "Cardiovascular Involvement in Autoimmune Diseases." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/367359.
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Autoimmune diseases (AD) represent a broad spectrum of chronic conditions that may afflict specific target organs or multiple systems with a significant burden on quality of life. These conditions have common mechanisms including genetic and epigenetics factors, gender disparity, environmental triggers, pathophysiological abnormalities, and certain subphenotypes. Atherosclerosis (AT) was once considered to be a degenerative disease that was an inevitable consequence of aging. However, research in the last three decades has shown that AT is not degenerative or inevitable. It is an autoimmune-inflammatory disease associated with infectious and inflammatory factors characterized by lipoprotein metabolism alteration that leads to immune system activation with the consequent proliferation of smooth muscle cells, narrowing arteries, and atheroma formation. Both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the onset and progression of AT. Several risk factors, known as classic risk factors, have been described. Interestingly, the excessive cardiovascular events observed in patients with ADs are not fully explained by these factors. Several novel risk factors contribute to the development of premature vascular damage. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how traditional and nontraditional risk factors contribute to pathogenesis of CVD in AD.
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Chaulin, Aleksey M., and Dmitry V. Duplyakov. "Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-223-228.
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Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.
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Stojanovic, Dusica, Aleksandar Visnjic, Vladimir Mitrovic, and Miodrag Stojanovic. "Risk factors for the occurrence of cardovascular system diseases in students." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 6 (2009): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0906453s.
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Background/Aim. Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in the majority of developed, as well as in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in student population and to suggest possible measures for prevention. Methods. The study was carried out during 2007-2008 at the School of Medicine, University of Nis. It included 824 students in their final year (220 males, 604 females). Results. There was no significant difference in prevalence of hypertension among the male (1.81%) and female students (0%). The prevalence of obesity (Body Mass Index - BMI > 30 kg/m2) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the male (7.27%) than in the female population (1.32%). Abdominal obesity was also more frequently encountered (p < 0.01) in the male (9.09%) than in female population (1.32%). Every fourth student smoked cigarettes with no significant difference between the male and female students. Alcohol consumption was a significantly higher problem (p < 0.001) in the male population (18.18%) than in the female one (2.65%). Physical inactivity was more often found (p < 0.001) in the female students (65.56%), than in male ones (36.36%). By the bivariate correlation of cardiovascular risk factors, it was determined that in the male student population systolic blood pressure correlated significantly with diastolic blood pressure, BMI and waist size, whereas age correlated with sistolic blood pressure, waist size and smoking. In the female students sistolic blood pressure correlated with diastolic blood pressure, BMI and waist size; diastolic blood pressure correlated with BMI and physical inactivity; cigarette smoking correlated with alcohol consumption and age. Conclusion. Cardiovascular risk factors are present in the final-year students of the School of Medicine, University of Nis. It is necessary to insist on decreasing obesity prevalence, cigarette and alcohol consumption, and on increasing physical activity of students in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Verbovoy, A. F., Lyudmila A. Sharonova, O. V. Kosareva, N. I. Verbovaya, and Yu A. Dolgikh. "Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 7 (September 7, 2016): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-7-497-503.
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The article presents data on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The role of dyslipidemia, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), C-reactive protein, deficiency of vitamin D3 in the development of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism is discussed. The article describes characteristics of myocardial remodeling, its dysfunction and their correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism.
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Silva Junior, Delcio G. "Cardiovascular Disorders in Autoimmune Disease." Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 2, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/015.
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The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. However, in certain clinical conditions, traditional risk factors seem not to fully explain the incidence of CVD. Coronary artery disease and early atherosclerosis in young women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are one of the best examples of how chronic inflammatory diseases can affect individuals who are normally poorly exposed to traditional risk factors. Even with the plurality of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and SLE encephalopathy, uveitis in spondyloarthritis, or as Achalasia in scleroderma, attention is being paid to the frequent cardiovascular system involvement in these patients, especially in the vascular territory
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Karimova, Lilia K., Z. F. Gimaeva, R. R. Galimova, N. A. Muldasheva, D. Kh Kalimullina, L. N. Mavrina, and E. R. Abdrakhmanova. "CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT AMONG PETROCHEMICAL WORKERS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-978-983.
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Introduction. The high prevalence of circulatory diseases among workers exposed to hazardous occupational factors is an important medical and social problem. Material and methods. The study of working conditions and the state of the cardiovascular system in petrochemical workers has been carried out by using hygienic, clinical, laboratory and statistical research methods. Occupational and non-occupational factors of cardiovascular risks for workers have been studied. Results. As a result of complex clinical and hygienic studies, the contribution of occupational, non-occupational, and psycho-emotional factors to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases in chemical workers has been established. The level of cardiovascular risk has been shown to be determined by the spectrum and intensity of the impact of occupational stress factors, the age and work-experience-related characteristics of workers Conclusion. The impact of occupational, non-occupational, psychosocial risk factors on the state of the cardiovascular system has been identified. The development and implementation of the multiple factor prevention system are imperative.
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Sun, Siyu, Qinhui Tuo, Dongxu Li, Xiulong Wang, Xuefang Li, Yiyue Zhang, Guoan Zhao, and Fei Lin. "Antioxidant Effects of Salidroside in the Cardiovascular System." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (September 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9568647.
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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main human health risks, and the incidence is increasing. Salidroside is an important bioactive component of Rhodiola rosea L., which is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, tumor, depression, and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that salidroside has therapeutic effects, to some degree, in cardiovascular diseases via an antioxidative mechanism. However, evidence-based clinical data supporting the effectiveness of salidroside in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are limited. In this review, we discuss the effects of salidroside on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases and highlight potential antioxidant therapeutic strategies.
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Bashirov, N. H. "MARKERS OF RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE." Eurasian heart journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2020-3-78-84.
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Objective: To study the role of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases to optimize their pathogenetic diagnosis.Material and research methods. At the initial stage of clinical trials, all participants (n = 200) were questioned with age-sex characteristics and the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (alcohol abuse, smoking, obesity, stress). Biochemical and clinical studies were carried out in two groups of patients, 15 people in each group (the first main group - in addition to bad habits, there is an obesity factor, the second control group - bad habits are detected, but in the absence of obesity) as part of preventive medical examinations.The results of research. When studying psychosocial risk factors for the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, a higher prevalence rate was noted for men in depression indicators - 26.3% of cases, and in the group of female patients the results were almost 2.5 times lower and amounted to only 15.0%. in both groups of healthy individuals, a low level of the frequency of occurrence of overweight and obesity was observed, compared with the main group, which were diagnosed in 28.6% of cases in the male half of the subjects, and among the representatives of the opposite sex, the indicator was 24.0%. The proportion of obese women in the main and control groups was higher than men by almost 1.5 times. Against the background of obesity and the presence of signs of non-alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver, in comparison with patients with normal body weight, certain violations were detected in the form of a higher level in the blood of the liver enzyme ALAT - 35.2 ± 1.57 U / L and 21.3 ± 0 95 U / L, respectively, in the first main group and in the second control group.Conclusions. Thus, it was found that the cause of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, cardiac automatism disorders, stroke, myocardial infarction due to metabolic and psychoemotional disorders are overweight and obesity, which worsen the prognosis of CVD, creating the prerequisites for the development of complications.
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Zhumaeva, Zuhra, and Izimkul Manasova. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISEASES IN CHILDREN." Doctor's Herald/ Доктор ахборотномаси /Вестник врача 93, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38095/2181-466x-2020931-49-51.
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The authors conducted a study on the influence of risk factors on the frequency and structure of congenital heart disease in children in the Bukhara region. It was found that the incidence of disease of the cardiovascular system is 6,42 cases for every 1000 births, 6 times more common in children living in rural conditions. Analysis of cities and districts of Bukhara region showed that congenital heart disease is more common in industrialized regions of the region.
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Nesterenko, Z. V., A. I. Khavkin, V. P. Novikova, and A. P. Listopadova. "Intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular diseases." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-199-3-125-133.
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The article presents a review of publications in in Russian and foreign literature devoted to modern views on the role of intestinal microbial metabolites as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The technical capabilities of the last decade made it possible to accurately characterize the intestinal microbiota, which contributed to a deeper understanding of the processes occurring during the development of a number of diseases and to establish that the outcome of their treatment is aff ected by pronounced changes in the composition, diversity and metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota. A number of questions on the interaction of the intestinal microbiota and the host organism remain open. Further research on the relationship of the intestinal microbiota, its metabolic products with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases opens up unique opportunities in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system using manipulative technologies with the composition of the microbiota and its function.
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Orlova, N. V., and A. Ya Starokozheva. "Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among railway locomotive drivers." Medical alphabet, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-2-37-40.
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Cardiovascular diseases in locomotive drivers are a factor limiting their working activity, as they can potentially increase the risks of accidents and disasters in rail transport. Working conditions of drivers are associated with occupational hazards that have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. A review of clinical studies examining the risk factors for cardiovascular disease indicates the significant role of psychological stress on the health status of drivers. It was revealed that the negative effects of stress on the cardiovascular system depend on work stress, work schedule, and also on social factors: job satisfaction, salary, quality of rest and sleep. The studies revealed a correlation between the development of cardiac rhythm disturbances of high gradations with psychoemotional stress and sleep apnea in locomotive drivers.
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Шерстнев, В. В., М. А. Грудень, В. П. Карлина, В. М. Рыжов, А. В. Кузнецова, R. D. E. Sewell, and О. В. Сенько. "Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension." ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia», no. 3() (September 14, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2018.03.37-43.
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Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.
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Galimzyanov, Adel F., Andrei Yu Anisimov, Ruslan Z. Garipov, and Mark Sleiter. "The effect of patient's gender on the results of managing cardiovascular risk factors using specialized software." Science and Innovations in Medicine 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2021-6-3-51-55.
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Objectives to assess the effect of the gender of patients on the severity of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases using specialized software.
Material and methods. In order to identify and correct the severity of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the population, in 2018-2019, the data of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan were registered in specialized software. The severity of risk factors was assessed before the start of the study and after one year. The research included two groups of persons: men and women.
Results. In 2018, the program "Cardiovascular Risk Management" had registered the data of 32,746 residents of the Republic of Tatarstan aged from 18 to 80 years. The risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases were identified in 22,999 individuals, where there were 7,188 men and 15,712 women. The patient's data included gender, age, history of coronary artery disease, smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, the levels of cholesterol, glucose and blood creatinine. The data on the severity of the risk factors in both groups were statistically processed. Based on the data obtained, the supervised persons received recommendations for correcting their lifestyle. In 2019, an assessment of the severity of risk factors was carried out in persons included in the system in 2018.
Conclusion. We found a statistically significant difference in the results of managing risk factors in men and women. The software "Management of cardiovascular risks" is recognized as an effective tool for managing risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and reducing mortality from diseases of the circulatory system.
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German, S. V., and A. V. Balakaeva. "Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 4 (2021): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-200-205.
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Air pollution is associated with a variety of adverse health effects being an important public health issue worldwide. Many studies have demonstrated that air pollutants contribute to the development of diseases (in particular, cardiovascular diseases/CVDs) and increased mortality. The risk of CVDs in air pollution is less than in conventional risks (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia). Meanwhile, this factor is almost ubiquitous, therefore, its significance is high. Airborne pollutants rank first among environmental risk factors for CVDs. Although CVD risk increases with the rise of the concentration and duration of the exposure to air pollutants, their safe levels have not been determined yet. In increased air pollution, enhanced monitoring of CVDs (in particular, in susceptible individuals) and preventive measures are required. This review summarizes recent epidemiological data on the effects of air pollution (mainly with suspended particulate matter) on the cardiovascular system. Mechanisms mediating negative effects of air pollutants (i.e., oxidative stress, inflammation, vegetative imbalance with the predominance of sympathetic stimuli). KEYWORDS: air pollution, particular matter, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, inflammation, oxidative stress. FOR CITATION: German S.V., Balakaeva A.V. Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):200–205 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-200-205.
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Pavlović, Siniša. "Cardiovascular diseases and complication in COVID-19." Medicinski podmladak 72, no. 3 (2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33011.
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From the late fall of 2019 until the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 infection is becoming the biggest global challenge of health systems worldwide. Characteristic of the encounter with the disease caused by COVID-19 was a certain wandering in the mechanisms of action of the virus, its consequences, and thus in therapy. Various manifestations of the disease confirm the assumption that it is a systemic infection with the respiratory system as an entry route. We were also faced with the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has great implications for the cardiovascular system. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including male gender, advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, as well as patients with established cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, have been identified as particularly susceptible populations with increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The effects on the cardiovascular system are reminiscent of other diseases caused by this group of viruses. There are biochemical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic confirmations of functional disorders. It is basically an immune response caused by tissue inflammation, which results in prothrombogenicity as the dominant and biggest problem, coupled with the highest risk of a possible bad outcome. Being a systemic disease with numerous and different repercussions on the cardiovascular system, COVID-19 can lead to the appearance of all cardiovascular diseases that the patient did not have before, or to a significant worsening of the existing cardiovascular disease. The condition after the disease in most cases also means recovery, but great caution is needed due to possible time-distant complications. Since there is a high risk of death in the end, it is necessary to apply all available measures, especially in the field of prevention of thromboembolic complications, as a factor of the greatest risk of a bad outcome.
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Ilyés, István, Zoltán Jancsó, and Attila Simay. "Trends and current questions of cardiovascular prevention in primary health care." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 39 (September 2012): 1536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29442.
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Although an impressive progress has been achieved in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, they are at the top of the mortality statistics in Hungary. Prevention of these diseases is an essential task of the primary health care. Cardiovascular prevention is carried out at primary, secondary and tertiary levels using risk group and population preventive strategies. The two main tasks of primary cardiovascular prevention are health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention, and its main programs are ensuring healthy nutrition, improving physical training and accomplishing an anti-smoking program. The essential form of secondary prevention is the screening activity of the primary health care. The majority of cardiovascular risk factors can be discovered during the doctor–patient consultation, but laboratory screening is needed for assessing metabolic risks. The official screening rules of the cardiovascular risk factors and diseases are based on diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome; however, nowadays revealing of global cardiometabolic risks is also necessary. In patients without cardiovascular diseases but with risk factors, a cardiovascular risk estimation has to be performed. In primary care, there is a possibility for long term follow-up and continuous care of patients with chronic diseases, which is the main form of the tertiary prevention. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, ranking to cardiovascular risk groups is a very important task since target values of continuous care depend on which risk group they belong to. The methods used during continuous care are lifestyle therapy, specific pharmacotherapy and organ protection with drugs. Combined health education and counselling is the next element of the primary health care prevention; it is a tool that helps primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Changes needed for improving cardiovascular prevention in primary care are the following: appropriate evaluation of primary prevention, health education and counselling, renewal of the cardiovascular screening system based on the notion of global cardiometabolic risk, creating a unified cardiovascular prevention guideline, and operating primary care cardiovascular prevention within the framework of an integrated prevention system. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1536–1546.
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Eruslanova, K. A., A. V. Luzina, Yu S. Onuchina, V. S. Ostapenko, N. V. Sharashkina, E. R. Alimova, D. U. Akasheva, et al. "Cardiovascular system status of long-livers in Moscow: the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors." Russian Journal of Cardiology 26 (April 22, 2021): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4028.
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Over the past century, an increase in life expectancy has been observed in Russia and in the world. According to the United Nations, by 2100, the number of centenarians worldwide will reach 25 million. Despite the annual increase in the number of super-centenarians, this age group remains poorly understood.Aim. To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the main risk factors among super-centenarians in Moscow.Material and methods. According to the register of long-livers in Moscow, 82 people aged 95 to 105 were included. Participants were examined at home.The history of life and the presence of chronic diseases was collected by participant words. To assess the state of cardiovascular system, an ultrasound of the heart and main arteries was performed.Results. Conventional CVD risk factors were the exception rather than the rule among study participants (smoking — 8 patients (9,8%), alcohol abuse — 4 (4,9%), obesity — 6 (7,3%)). Dyslipidemia was relatively widespread (n=37; 45,1%), however, there were no pronounced abnormalities in the lipid profile: the maximum increase in low-density lipoproteins was 5,6 mmol/L. The most common CVDs among the participants were hypertension (n=64; 78%), coronary artery disease (n=42; 51,2%), and heart failure (n=26; 31,7%); other diseases were much less common. The most common echocardiographic changes were left atrial dilatation (n=38; 74,5%), increased left ventricular mass, thickening of left ventricular posterior wall (n=24; 48%) and interventricular septum (n=51; 100%). Diastolic and systolic heart failure were not widespread among long-livers: 16 (32%) and 2 (3,9%), respectively. Despite a rather large number of atherosclerotic plaques in the common carotid and femoral arteries, the number of hemodynamically significant plaques was low (n=3; 4,6%). An intima-media thickening up to 1,0-1,1 mm was found.Conclusion. Long-livers in Moscow are characterized by a low prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors (with the exception of hypertension) and a fairly high prevalence of atherosclerotic CVDs, which are characterized by a subclinical course.
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Semaev, Sergey, and Elena Shakhtshneider. "Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease: Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040239.
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The present review deals with the stages of creation, methods of calculation, and the use of a genetic risk score for coronary heart disease in various populations. The concept of risk factors is generally recognized on the basis of the results of epidemiological studies in the 20th century; according to this concept, the high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lifestyle characteristics and associated risk factors. An important and relevant task for the healthcare system is to identify the population segments most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The level of individual risk of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis is determined by genetic factors in addition to lifestyle factors.
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Khan, Subhana Akber. "HYPERTENSION: A SUFFIECIENT RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1103–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.4021.
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Hypertension is a risk factor that can cause hypertension leading to cardiovascular diseases. A high or persistent blood pressure level of 140/90mmHg is known as hypertension which is divided into further stages. Blood pressure is the pushing force with which the heart pumps blood against the walls of arteries. High blood pressure is a serious medical condition in which the force of blood against wall of an artery is elevated than the normal which is called as hypertension. Recent guidelines of ICD-11 categorizes blood pressure into four levels. In a clinical setting, an average of blood pressure measurements is usually taken by healthcare providers. These categories are labeled as normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension according the blood pressure measurements. Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Hypertension for a long-term or chronic elevation of blood pressure causes organ damage, eventually. It can be divided into primary or essential hypertension which occurs in 95% of cases whereas; secondary hypertension occurs in 5% of the cases. There are several possible and interrelated factors that are involved in development of hypertension. Intake of sodium in diet, insulin resistance, genetics, and obesity are some of the non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension. Whereas; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cardiac output, peripheral resistance are also implicated in hypertension development. It is a wide known considered risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases but for renal diseases as well. In this review article.....
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Obelenis, Vytautas, and Vilija Malinauskienė. "The influence of occupational environment and professional factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease." Medicina 43, no. 2 (November 13, 2006): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43020011.
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The article reviews the recent scientific literature and the authors’ studies on this topic. Occupational conditions and psychological factors have been shown to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Their effect is often indirect, through damage to the central nervous, respiratory, and neuroendocrine systems. Hot climate in the workplace and intense infrared radiation cause the water and electrolyte imbalance and chronic hyperthermia and manifests as neurovegetative dystonia. The long-term effects of low temperatures condition ischemic lesions in circulatory system, trophic organ destruction. The influence of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the cardiovascular system is directly related to the central nervous system and neurohumoral lesions. “Microwave disease” often manifests as polymorphic dystonia. Exposure to occupational vibration causes “white finger” syndrome or Raynaud’s phenomenon together with cerebral vascular lesions. Recent studies have confirmed that noise as a chronic stressor causes the imbalance in the central and vegetative nervous systems and changes in homeostasis. Noise increases catecholamine and cholesterol concentration in blood, has an effect on plasma lipoprotein levels, increases heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and risk of myocardial infarction. Psychophysiological changes caused by long-term stress influence constant pathological changes in the central nervous system, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. The long-term effect of psychogenic stressors is very important in the etiopathogenesis of psychosomatic diseases.
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Sabirov, I. S., J. A. Murkamilova, A. I. Sabirova, I. T. Murkamilov, V. V. Fomin, and F. A. Yusupov. "Risk factors for cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 100, no. 9-10 (December 13, 2022): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2022-100-9-10-432-438.
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Risk factors are constitutional peculiarity and human behavior that infl uence the disease development and / or pathological condition in the future. With regard to certain nosological units, including cardiovascular diseases, modifi able and nonmodifi able risk factors are distinguished. Non-modifi able risk factors for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases include age, gender, and genetic predisposition, which are used to develop risk stratifi cation systems. These risk factors cannot be adjusted, ie. modifi ed, and can only be taken into account when determining the level of risk of diseases development. On the contrary, modifi able risk factors can undergo changes and be subdivided into behavioral and biological ones. Behavioral risk factors include: smoking, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, chronic psycho-emotional stress. These behavioral risk factors in the lifestyle of a modern person are becoming more common in the conditions of urbanization, and contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. It should be noted that with longterm exposure to behavioral risk factors on the human body, biological risk factors are also formed: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease.This review discusses the contribution of chronic kidney disease as a risk factor, as well as the mechanisms of formation and progression of cardiovascular diseases in kidney dysfunction.
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Ciołkiewicz, Mariusz, Anna Kuryliszyn-Moskal, Anna Hryniewicz, and Karol Kamiński. "Sarcopenia and myokines profile as risk factors in cardiovascular diseases?" Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (October 24, 2019): 550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5442.
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Skeletal muscles and substances released during physical activity (myokines) have a beneficial influence on the functioning of the organism. Myokines (released also by myocardium) together with hepatokines and adipokines play an important role not only in energetic metabolism, but they also influence, among others, the function of the circulatory and nervous systems, modulation of inflammatory state and atherogenesis. Under pathological conditions connected with the presence of chronic diseases, chronic inflammatory state, low physical activity, long-term immobility the following consequences are observed: reduction of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) and changed profile of released myokines. The incidence of sarcopenia is connected with an unfavorable course of the aging process, often leading to disability and multiple morbidities. Sarcopenia can also lead to frailty syndrome, which not only worsens the prognosis of various diseases, but it can also increase the risk of medical procedures. Sarcopenia and adverse przymyokine profile are modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and affecting them may improve functional status and prognosis. An important intervention to improve muscles function and myokine profile, apart from nutritional treatment and pharmacotherapy, is regular physical activity as a component of cardiac rehabilitation. In our paper we focused on a review of the newest research regarding the association of sarcopenia and the profile of released myokines with incidence and course of cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, carotid artery atherosclerosis or ischemic cerebral stroke.
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Katna, Rachana, Ch Srinivasa Rao, Aswin Kumar M., Farheen Fatima, and Madhuri Taranikanti. "ABO Blood Group System and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Men and Women with Cardiovascular Diseases—A Comparative Study." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 5, no. 02 (June 2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714325.
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Abstract Objectives The present study was designed to explore the relation between ABO blood group and cardiovascular risk factors in the patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods One hundred nine patients, each male and female with different cardiovascular diseases, were included in the study and their ABO blood groups were analyzed with the cardiovascular risk factors. A detailed history was taken from all the patients regarding cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and lipidemic. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were determined for assessing lipidemia. Blood grouping was done using standard tube technique. Red cell and serum grouping was performed and results documented. Association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors was done using chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation. Results The distribution of ABO blood groups shows that blood group O (41.28%) was more common in patients followed by group B (29.36%), group A (19.27%), and group AB (10.09%). One-hundred six cases (97.2%) were Rh D positive. A statistically significant difference was observed between gender and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI with p value <0.05. In the study population, distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, with ABO blood groups shows that there was no significant difference observed between blood groups and these cardiovascular risk factors. However, statistical significance was there between blood group O and hypertension (p = 0.03). Conclusion There was no significant difference between the blood groups and the major cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes and lipids, but there was an association between blood group O and hypertension.
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Tsvinger, S. M., A. V. Govorin, O. O. Portyannikova, and E. N. Romanova. "RISK FACTORS OF DAMAGE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS WITH IDENTIFIED CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 8, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-6-464-468.
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The aimof the research is to assess risk factors of damage of the cardiovascular system in patients with primary osteoarthritis with identified coronary atherosclerosis.Materials and methods.52 patients at the mean age 41 [34; 52] were involved in the study. Therewere 37 womenand 15 menamongthem. Planned contrast study of the coronary arteries (on the apparatus ALLURAXperFD20 Philips) were performed to all patients. As a result, hemodynamically insignificant (less than 50%) atherosclerotic stenosis of the heart vessels was verified in this group. In all patients were determined such indicators as: height, weight, waist circumference with the calculation of body mass index by Kettle`s method. The questionnaire was used to assess the presence of risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases, such as: smoking, family history of cardiovascular diseases, hypodynamia. In addition, all patients had daily monitoring of arterial pressure by the device «Kardiotechnika– 07-AP-3», clinical and biochemical blood tests and the total cardiovascular risk was calculated.Results.Each patient had from 1 to 6 risk factors of cardiovascular diseases,the median was [25-th; 75-th percentiles] 3 [2; 5]. In the group of women family history of cardiovascular diseases, hypodynamia and hypertension met more often the in the group of men (р=0,002). Men with higher frequency demonstrated the presence of bad habits (smoking), high levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (p=0.0001). The correlation analysis revealed that the incidence of hypertension, hypodynamia and dyslipidemia was associated with the duration of osteoarthritis, the intensity of pain according to visual analog scale and the number of affected joints.Conclusion.The presense of generalized subclinical inflammation in patients with ostheoarthritis together with the classic risk factors of development of cardiovascular diseases, probably mediates the early beginning of atherosclerosis in this category of patients.
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Khan, Naqab, Najma Bibi, Zahid Rasul Niazi, Kifayatullah Shah, Syed Azhar Sherazi, and Samiullah Khan. "ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION: A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/16.01.1813.
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Endothelium is one of the largest organ by area and consist of at least one trillion endothelial cells having more than 100 gram weight and covering more than 3000 square meters area in an adult human body. Endothelium interacts with most of the body systems and is implicated in end organ diseases particularly the cardiovascular. The endothelium maintains vascular tone by precisely regulating the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction while effectively providing the adequate supply of blood to the target organs. Factors that affect the endothelium and subsequently cardiovascular system include hypertension, smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, poor dietary habits and physical inactivity. Endothelial dysfunction is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis, elevated level of low density lipoprotein oxidation, cytokine elaboration, up regulation of adhesion molecules, increased cell permeability, platelet aggregation as well as proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscles. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathophysiological term used to indicate diminished production of nitric oxide and an imbalance in endothelial derived contraction and relaxation.
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Almotairi, Faheed Mothib. "Management of Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors and Complications." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 10 (November 7, 2022): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i10-15.
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Chronic progressive metabolic problem and chronic hyperglycemia caused by a dysregulation of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism are two symptoms of diabetes mellitus, a complicated condition. Verapamil belongs to a group of calcium channel blockers that are not dihydropyridines. It works by preventing calcium from entering beta cells' cytoplasm, preventing the second phase of insulin release driven by glucose, as well as sulfonylurea and glucagon. Nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy are examples of microvascular consequences of diabetes mellitus (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease). In both kinds of diabetes mellitus, higher urine albumin excretion (proteinuria) or decreased kidney glomerular filtration rate are symptoms of diabetic nephropathy, a microvascular consequence. By lowering patients' blood sugar levels and reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus therapy aims to reduce mortality, delay the onset of disease complications, and slow the disease's progression. Metformin increases peripheral glucose utilization, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and reduces glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal system.
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Dharmasanti, Olivia. "EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND CARDIAC ANTI-AGING." Sport and Fitness Journal 9, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spj.2021.v09.i02.p03.
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Abstract
There are several risk factors leading to the development and progression of CVD, but one of the most prominent is a sedentary lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can be characterized by both obesity and consistently low levels of physical activity. Lifestyle interventions that aim to increase physical activity and decrease obesity are attractive therapeutic methods to combat most non-congenital types of CVD. Aging is the another major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Epidemiological studies clearly show that aging itself is the major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Most of the research efforts on prevention of these diseases have ignored the mechanisms underlying cardiac and vascular effects of aging, and have focused, instead, on the development of interventions that target conventional cardiovascular risk factors. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently used in sports training. The effects on cardiorespiratory and muscle systems have led scientists to consider its application in the field of cardiovascular diseases. HIIT is defined as high intensity exercise for a defined period of time interspersed with rest periods (moderate light intensity or complete rest). This literature review was conducted to determine the correlation between high intensity interval training with the cardiovascular system and cardiac anti-aging.
Keywords: Cardiac anti-aging, cardiovascular system, cardiovascular disease, high intensity interval training.
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Liu, Huan, and Hongyu Wang. "Early Detection System of Vascular Disease and Its Application Prospect." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1723485.
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Markers of imaging, structure, and function reflecting vascular damage, integrating a long time accumulation effect of traditional and unrecognized cardiovascular risk factors, can be regarded as surrogate endpoints of target organ damage before the occurrence of clinical events. Prevention of cardiovascular disease requires risk stratification and treatment of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. However, traditional risk stratification is not sufficient to provide accurate assessment of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, vascular injury related parameters obtained by ultrasound or other noninvasive devices, as a surrogate parameter of subclinical cardiovascular disease, can improve cardiovascular risk assessment and optimize the preventive treatment strategy. Thus, we will summarize the research progress and clinical application of early assessment technology of vascular diseases in the present review.
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Ashraf, Jawad, Iqtidar-Ud Din, Muhammad Abdur Rauf, Yasir Arafat, Imran ,. Khan, and Tanveer Ahmad. "Risk Factors Distribution for Cardiovascular Diseases among High School Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166919.
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Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the chronic non-communicable diseases and leading cause of mortality due to various risk factors such as diabetes, tobacco usage, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity. The incidence of CVDS is rising rapidly due to these risk factors. These risk factors track at different ages starting from childhood to adulthood and their distribution varies with gender. Therefore, the prevalence of these risk factors among high school students need to be determined. The present study aimed to assess the different risk factor’s distribution for cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 940 high school students (aged 12-18 years) of Nowshera Pakistan from September, 2020 to December, 2021. Random sampling technique and WHO steps methodology was used for the assessment of various risk factors. All the randomly selected participants were recruited conventionally. Descriptive statistics was used to measure the risk factors distribution among high school students. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age of the students was 15.8±1.4 years whereas age varied from 12 years to 18 years. Of the total 940 students, about 59% (n=555) were boys and 41% (n=385) were girls. The prevalence of tobacco, overweight, and hypertension among boys were 33.2%, 12.1%, 7.2%, and 17.6% (P< 0.001) respectively. However, their prevalence among girls were 7.1%, 1.4%, 12.2%, and 23.8% (P<0.001) respectively. The hypercholesterolemia was found higher among boys whereas girls had more prevalent high triglycerides levels compared to boys. Conclusion: The present study found a higher incidence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among high school students. These risk factors need to be reduced to control cardiovascular diseases among the young population. Also, this study found a poor profile of various risk factors for cardiovascular disease that require future nation-wide investigation to clarify the precise findings. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, Hypertension
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Gimaeva, Zulfiya F., I. V. Bukhtiyarov, A. B. Bakirov, V. A. Kaptsov, and L. K. Karimova. "Cardiovascular risk in petrochemical workers." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-5-498-503.
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Introduction. The high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system of workers in various sectors of the economy, the lack of data on the effects of harmful production factors on the formation of cardiovascular diseases in petrochemical industry workers justify the importance of conducting special studies on these petrochemical complex plants with the aim of assessing cardiovascular risk with the subsequent development of preventive measures. Material and methods. The objects of the study were workers in the production of monomers (ethylene, propylene, ethylbenzene, isoprene, divinyl) of petrochemical enterprises. Hygienic studies of the working conditions of workers included an assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process using generally accepted methods. Comprehensive clinical examination of workers included periodic examinations (n = 2634) with calculation of total and relative cardiovascular risk using the SCORE system, using questionnaire data, a Reeder L questionnaire and an in-depth clinical diagnostic medical examination (n = 101) with the definition total cardiovascular risk. Results. The most significant occupational factors of the labor process for workers in the main profession - panmen were established to include the combination of a chemical factor with the occupational noise and labor intensity, with an overall assessment of working conditions 3.2. The class of working conditions of workers of the comparison group (locksmith in instrumentation and automation corresponds to the permissible). There were revealed a high prevalence of arterial hypertension and other factors of cardiovascular risk. A higher dependence of the arterial hypertension level on age and length of service in the group of panmen was established when compared to the mechanicians of instrumentation and automation. Using mathematical models of multiple regression, the likely dynamics of the level of arterial hypertension and the left ventricular myocardial mass index were calculated under the influence of increasing age and other risk predictors. Conclusion. The results of a clinical study showed workers with severe arterial hypertension, a high and very high risk of death from cardiovascular disease on the SCORE scale, a high and very high overall cardiovascular risk, signs of dyslipidemia, obesity, high stress levels to require close attention. It is important to timely diagnose lesions of target organs, to conduct rational prevention aimed at reducing risk factors. According to the results of the study, there were developed preventive measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular risk, prolonging the longevity of workers in petrochemical industries.
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Gimaeva, Zulfiya F., I. V. Bukhtiyarov, A. B. Bakirov, V. A. Kaptsov, and L. K. Karimova. "Cardiovascular risk in petrochemical workers." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-5-498-503.
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Introduction. The high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system of workers in various sectors of the economy, the lack of data on the effects of harmful production factors on the formation of cardiovascular diseases in petrochemical industry workers justify the importance of conducting special studies on these petrochemical complex plants with the aim of assessing cardiovascular risk with the subsequent development of preventive measures. Material and methods. The objects of the study were workers in the production of monomers (ethylene, propylene, ethylbenzene, isoprene, divinyl) of petrochemical enterprises. Hygienic studies of the working conditions of workers included an assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process using generally accepted methods. Comprehensive clinical examination of workers included periodic examinations (n = 2634) with calculation of total and relative cardiovascular risk using the SCORE system, using questionnaire data, a Reeder L questionnaire and an in-depth clinical diagnostic medical examination (n = 101) with the definition total cardiovascular risk. Results. The most significant occupational factors of the labor process for workers in the main profession - panmen were established to include the combination of a chemical factor with the occupational noise and labor intensity, with an overall assessment of working conditions 3.2. The class of working conditions of workers of the comparison group (locksmith in instrumentation and automation corresponds to the permissible). There were revealed a high prevalence of arterial hypertension and other factors of cardiovascular risk. A higher dependence of the arterial hypertension level on age and length of service in the group of panmen was established when compared to the mechanicians of instrumentation and automation. Using mathematical models of multiple regression, the likely dynamics of the level of arterial hypertension and the left ventricular myocardial mass index were calculated under the influence of increasing age and other risk predictors. Conclusion. The results of a clinical study showed workers with severe arterial hypertension, a high and very high risk of death from cardiovascular disease on the SCORE scale, a high and very high overall cardiovascular risk, signs of dyslipidemia, obesity, high stress levels to require close attention. It is important to timely diagnose lesions of target organs, to conduct rational prevention aimed at reducing risk factors. According to the results of the study, there were developed preventive measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular risk, prolonging the longevity of workers in petrochemical industries.
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Piaserico, Stefano, Gloria Orlando, and Francesco Messina. "Psoriasis and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Shared Genetic and Molecular Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 9063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169063.
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A convincing deal of evidence supports the fact that severe psoriasis is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise underlying mechanisms linking psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases are not well defined. Psoriasis shares common pathophysiologic mechanisms with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. In particular, polymorphism in the IL-23R and IL-23 genes, as well as other genes involved in lipid and fatty-acid metabolism, renin–angiotensin system and endothelial function, have been described in patients with psoriasis and with cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, systemic inflammation in patients with psoriasis, including elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23) may contribute to an increased risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, alteration of serum lipid composition, and insulin resistance. The nonlinear and intricate interplay among various factors, impacting the molecular pathways in different cell types, probably contributes to the development of psoriasis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Future research should, therefore, aim to fully unravel shared and differential molecular pathways underpinning the association between psoriasis and CVD.
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Karamova, L. M., E. T. Valeeva, N. V. Vlasova, R. R. Galimova, and G. R. Basharov. "Analysis of occupational risk factors causing diseases of the circulatory system in medical workers: Literature review." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2021): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.19.
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The review focuses on analysis of domestic and foreign literature sources concentrating on influence exerted by occupa-tional factors and factors related to labor process on prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system (CSD) among medical workers. At present, specific features typical for occupational activities performed by medical workers are proven to be among major causes of high CSD prevalence among them. Experts have established most common occupational factors and labor-related factors that are able to induce and stimulate development of cardiovascular pathology. Labor intensity associated with neuro-emotional loads, high responsibility, round-the-clock working regime and night shifts (hazard category 3.2–3.3) is estab-lished to have a leading role among adverse labor-related factors for medical workers. Other significant contributions are made by adverse chemicals and biological agents, noise and ultrasound, laser exposure and ionizing radiation. Some authors showed that CSD prevalence was considerably higher among medical workers than among people employed in other industries. The highest CSD prevalence was detected among medical workers with the most adverse working conditions (hazard category 3.2–3.3). A high degree of occupational conditionality for CSD is typical for surgeons, therapists, and phthisiatricians. Emergency doctors run the highest risk of CSD (RR = 3.1; EF = 67.7 %). Assessment cardiovascular risks according to the SCORE system revealed that approximately 15 % medical workers older than 40 ran moderate cardiovascular risks; medical workers older than 50, high (20.0–22.0 %) or extremely high (10.0–12.5 %) total risks of death due to CSD.
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Karamova, L. M., E. T. Valeeva, N. V. Vlasova, R. R. Galimova, and G. R. Basharov. "Analysis of occupational risk factors causing diseases of the circulatory system in medical workers: Literature review." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.19.eng.
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The review focuses on analysis of domestic and foreign literature sources concentrating on influence exerted by occupa-tional factors and factors related to labor process on prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system (CSD) among medical workers. At present, specific features typical for occupational activities performed by medical workers are proven to be among major causes of high CSD prevalence among them. Experts have established most common occupational factors and labor-related factors that are able to induce and stimulate development of cardiovascular pathology. Labor intensity associated with neuro-emotional loads, high responsibility, round-the-clock working regime and night shifts (hazard category 3.2–3.3) is estab-lished to have a leading role among adverse labor-related factors for medical workers. Other significant contributions are made by adverse chemicals and biological agents, noise and ultrasound, laser exposure and ionizing radiation. Some authors showed that CSD prevalence was considerably higher among medical workers than among people employed in other industries. The highest CSD prevalence was detected among medical workers with the most adverse working conditions (hazard category 3.2–3.3). A high degree of occupational conditionality for CSD is typical for surgeons, therapists, and phthisiatricians. Emergency doctors run the highest risk of CSD (RR = 3.1; EF = 67.7 %). Assessment cardiovascular risks according to the SCORE system revealed that approximately 15 % medical workers older than 40 ran moderate cardiovascular risks; medical workers older than 50, high (20.0–22.0 %) or extremely high (10.0–12.5 %) total risks of death due to CSD.
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Sabirova, A. I. "NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND PERIODONTAL TISSUES (Review article)." Vestnik of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University 22, no. 9 (2022): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36979/1694-500x-2022-22-9-124-129.
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Mariana, Melissa, and Elisa Cairrao. "Phthalates Implications in the Cardiovascular System." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 7, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7030026.
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Today’s sedentary lifestyle and eating habits have been implicated as some of the causes of the increased incidence of several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, environmental pollutants have also been identified as another possible cause for this increase in recent decades. The constant human exposure to plastics has been raising attention regarding human health, particularly when it comes to phthalates. These are plasticizers used in the manufacture of industrial and consumer products, such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) plastics and personal care products, with endocrine-disrupting properties, as they can bind molecular targets in the body and interfere with hormonal function. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic, they are easily released into the environment during their manufacture, use, or disposal, leading to increased human exposure and enhancing health risks. In fact, some studies have related phthalate exposure with cardiovascular health, having already shown a positive association with the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis in adults and some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to present and relate the most recent studies concerning the implications of phthalates effects on the cardiovascular system.
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MILITARU, Cristina-Gabriela, Gabriel Cristian BEJAN, Oana NICOLESCU, Ioana Veronica GRAJDEANU, Anca Angela SIMIONESCU, Anca Angela SIMIONESCU, and Ana Maria Alexandra STĂNESCU. "The importance of cardiovascular risk factors in approaching the hypertensive patient by the family doctor." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.2.22.
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Cardiovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, are a major health problem for the patient, in terms of declining quality of life, but also increasing spending on the health system. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the involvement of cardiovascular risk factors related to patients' lifestyle (salt intake, saturated fats, alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle) or other modifiable risk factors (total cholesterol, triglycerides, obesity, hypertension arterial blood sugar, glycemia, metabolic syndrome), in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and the impact of the association of risk factors in increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Schmid, Thomas L. "Monitoring Behavioral Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Russia." Circulation 103, suppl_1 (March 2001): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9999-8.
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0008 The purpose of the project was to provide assistance to Russia in establishing a national surveillance system for monitoring CVD risk factors. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which was developed in the US and is used by all State Health Departments, served as a template for the Russian system. Personal interviews, mail-based and telephone-based surveys were reviewed and considered. Questions were taken from previous Russian, European, and US surveys to collect information on smoking, alcohol use, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, blood pressure, self-reported CVD symptoms and previously diagnosed diseases. This was the first Russian phone-based health survey and was piloted in Moscow where a random sample of 6065 was selected from the 2,560,633 private phone listings. Initial analysis found that in general, prevalence of CVD risk factors was higher than in similar American surveys. The current smoking rate reached 52%, 30% had a BMI below 24 kg/m 2 , 60% reported average daily fruit consumption of less then 1/4 of a pound (200 g) per person in the summer, elevated, untreated blood pressure (more then 140/90 mm Hg) was reported by 25 % while another 10 % received medication for hypertension, 18% of men and 4% of women reported heavy drinking. Though duration of walking was rather high compared with the US (about 90 min per day), only 5 % engaged in other moderate physical activity on a regular basis; 20% of respondents said that they experienced CVD symptoms or were diagnosed with CVD. In general, CVD risk factors were more prevalent among men. Next year 11 additional sites will conduct the survey. These data help fill the gap in public health knowledge related to prevalence of CVD risk factors in Russia and demonstrate the value of establishing a monitoring system. They also indicate that immediate preventive measures are needed to improve the health status of the population.
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Filimonov, Egor S., Olga Yu Korotenko, Evgeniya V. Ulanova, and Natalia V. Tapeshkina. "Risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases in the coal industry workers." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-770-775.
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Introduction. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are closely related and have a high prevalence in the global population. Workers of coal mining enterprises have an increased risk of developing these pathological conditions due to working conditions and employment schedules. Social and household factors and an unhealthy lifestyle can have a negative impact on metabolic processes that lead to obesity. In this regard, the search for risk factors for these diseases and the elaboration of a prevention system based on them to preserve the health of working groups of the population are relevant. Materials and methods. The study involved three hundred eighty-five workers of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass including 244 miners and 141 coal pit workers. The mean age was 46.35±0.34 and 46.98±0.36 years, respectively, p=0.231. The social and household aspects and lifestyle of the workers were revealed by the questionnaire method. Ultrasound investigation of vessels was performed on the General Electric Vivid E9 system. Results. The prevalence of atherosclerosis in obese workers employed in coal pits was higher than in persons with normal weight: 58.8% vs. 40.0%, p=0.035; no such pattern was found among miners. In coal pit workers with arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity was detected in 90.9% of the cases and in 67.0% (p=0.0004) in underground miners. The studied social and household factors, except for hypodynamia, had no a significant impact on the development of obesity. Limitations. The investigation did not include individuals with proven familial hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Constitutional obesity increased the atherosclerosis risk in coal pit workers and did not affect on its prevalence in underground miners. Abdominal obesity did not contribute to an increase in the prevalence of atherosclerosis among the examined subjects, but increased the risk of arterial hypertension. Among the studied social and household factors, a significant role in the development of constitutional obesity in coal pit workers is rendered by hypodynamia during non-working hours.
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Volpe, Massimo, Speranza Rubattu, and Allegra Battistoni. "ARNi: A Novel Approach to Counteract Cardiovascular Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092092.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still represent the greatest burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite the enormous efforts over the last twenty years to limit the spread of cardiovascular risk factors, their prevalence is growing and control is still suboptimal. Therefore, the availability of new therapeutic tools that may interfere with different pathophysiological pathways to slow the establishment of clinical CVDs is important. Previously, the inhibition of neurohormonal systems, namely the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system, has proven to be useful in the treatment of many CVDs. Attempts have recently been made to target an additional hormonal system, that of the natriuretic peptides (NPs), which, when dysregulated, can also play a role in the development CVDs. Indeed, a new class of drug, the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), has the ability to counteract the effects of angiotensin II as well as to increase the activity of NPs. ARNi have already been proven to be effective in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. New evidence has suggested that, in the next years, the field of ARNi application will widen to include other CVDs, such as heart failure, with preserved ejection fraction and hypertension.
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Mokhnacheva, Т. Е., Y. Y. Monogarova, Zh L. Varakina, and А. V. Kudryavtsev. "Implementation of SCORE calculator into the medical information system of the primary care." Manager Zdravoochranenia, no. 5 (June 1, 2022): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37690/1811-0185-2022-5-58-67.
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In the Russian Federation, disease prevention in primary care is a priority area of medical care for the adult population. An automated assessment of the risk of death from cardiovascular disease can be an auxiliary preventive tool if integrated intoa medical information system. P u r p o s e o f t h e s t u d y – to substantiate the automation of the process of assessing the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases over the next 10 years using the SCORE scale at the level of a city hospital. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The study was carried outat the State Budgetary Medical Institution of Arkhangelsk region “Arkhangelsk City Clinical Hospital № 7”. The completeness and quality of electronic patient records were assessed. The SCORE calculator was integrated into the examination protocol for primary care physicians. The effects of the innovation on the completeness and quality of electronic patient records were assessed. R e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i o n . Among the served population aged 40 to 79 years, any information on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases was reflected in 28,7% of electronic patient records. Data on all variables used to assess the risk on the SCORE scale (gender, age, systolic blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol level) were present for 20,8% of the patients. The introduction of the SCORE automated calculator into the examination protocol of a general practitioner and a cardiologist made it possibleto increase the completeness of data on cardiovascular disease risk factors used for the risk assessment on the SCORE scale to 97,4%. C o n c l u s i o n s . The introduction of the SCORE automated calculator has significantly increased the completeness of data on the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients’ electronic patient records. The innovation makes it possible to reduce labor costs forestimatingthe risks, allowsmore effective identification of persons subject to dispensary observation.
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Ciumărnean, Lorena, Mircea Vasile Milaciu, Vasile Negrean, Olga Hilda Orășan, Stefan Cristian Vesa, Octavia Sălăgean, Silvina Iluţ, and Sonia Irina Vlaicu. "Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010207.
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Cardiovascular diseases create an important burden on the public health systems, especially in the elderly, mostly because this group of patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities. Accumulating cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime has a detrimental effect on an older adult‘s health status. The modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are very diverse, and are frequently in a close relationship with the metabolic comorbidities of the elderly, mainly obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. In this review, we aim to present the most important cardiovascular risk factors which link aging and cardiovascular diseases, starting from the pathophysiological links between these factors and the aging process. Next, we will further review the main interconnections between obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of the elderly. Lastly, we consider the most important aspects related to prevention through lifestyle changes and physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Adamyan, A. T., and S. Yu Kladov. "Main directions of prophylaxis of untimely mortality from cardiovascular diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2009): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-2-127-130.
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The mortality of Tomsk people aged from 15 to 74 from diseases of the blood circulation system have been studied for 1990—2001 and main risk factors have been determined. For the 12-year period, the mortality increased in all the main classes of causes of death. The analysis of differences in male and female mortality from individual causes of death shows that cardiovascular diseases and violent death in the active working age are major contributors to mortality differentiation depending on sex. Four risk factors can be separated: high arterial tension, high cholesterol level, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. They determine 87.5% in total mortality and 58.5% in the years of life with disability. Prophylaxis of mortality from circulatory diseases should be aimed, first of all, at these groups of factors.
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Leszek, Jerzy, Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko, Dmitrii M. Belousov, Efrosini Koutsouraki, Katarzyna Szczechowiak, Małgorzata Kobusiak-Prokopowicz, Andrzej Mysiak, et al. "The Links between Cardiovascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease." Current Neuropharmacology 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x18666200729093724.
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: The root cause of non-inherited Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown despite hundreds of research studies performed to attempt to solve this problem. Since proper prophylaxis remains the best strategy, many scientists have studied the risk factors that may affect AD development. There is robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to AD progression, as the diseases often coexist. Therefore, a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria makes studying the relationship between AD and CVD complicated. Additionally, inflammation accompanies the pathogenesis of AD and CVD, and is not only a consequence but also implicated as a significant contributor to the course of the diseases. Of note, АроЕε4 is found to be one of the major risk factors affecting both the cardiovascular and nervous systems. According to genome wide association and epidemiological studies, numerous common risk factors have been associated with the development of AD-related pathology. Furthermore, the risk of developing AD and CVDs appears to be increased by a wide range of conditions and lifestyle factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, gut/oral microbiota, physical activity, and diet. This review summarizes the literature and provides possible mechanistic links between CVDs and AD.
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M., Munirah, Nurazzura M.D., and Suhaiza S. "Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in OIC Countries: Implications on Healthcare System." global journal al thaqafah 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjat122018-4.
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Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of death around the world, including countries under the banner of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The surge in the prevalence of CVDs is predominantly contributed by demographic changes and adoption of sedentary lifestyles together with deficient in physical activity. The objective of this paper is to examine the patterns of CVDs in OIC countries and how this has significantly affected the healthcare system. Relevant data from 56 OIC countries were obtained from the report by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016. Descriptive content analysis was conducted to see variations in CVDs across income groups, genders and health conditions. The analysis suggests that CVDs are the main cause of mortality, particularly in high income and upper-middle income countries. Tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, high blood pressure and obesity are the common risk factors which contribute to CVDs. Men are known to have high risk factors compared to women. Indeed, the burden of NCDs has impacted not only on the quality of life of affected individuals and their families, but also on the country’s socio-economic system.
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Belyayeva, Victoria A. "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN POPULAR TERRITORIES POPULATION AND WEATHER FACTORS." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1148-1154.
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Introduction. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular pathology (CP) on the background of the increasing extremity of environmental factors observed in recent years requires careful analysis of the relationship between the population’s appealability of this pathology for medical assistance and factors of terrestrial and space weather in various climatic and geographical conditions. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the frequency of ambulance calls (AC) to CP patients, living in the foothill areas, relative to concomitant meteo- and geliogeomagnetic factors was carried out. Results. There are gender-specific, as well as seasonally specific correlations between the nosologies studied (transitory ischemic attacks (TIA), Ischemic Cardiac Disease (ICD) due to angina) and investigated factors. Significant fluctuations of these factors, their sharp inter-day fluctuations, and interaction effects contribute to an increase in the frequency of calls to the ambulance. In the dynamics of the frequency of calls, the presence of the seasonal component is traced with an emphasis on the winter period, when a spastic type of weather is formed against the background of a decrease in the average daily temperature and an increase in the atmospheric pressure, which has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, increases risk of cardiovascular accidents. Patients with TIA have high values of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Pulsed BP, mean BP. Against the background of “acute” meteorological conditions (IWP > 25), Diastolic BP increases, even more, the systolic and cardiac output is significantly reduced. In ICD patients, suffering from angina attacks, the maximum number of ambulance calls is recorded during the winter period due to the negative impact of both the temperature factor and the entire complex of meteorological factors in general. Attacks occurrence in the summer is minimal. Conclusion. The data obtained allows predicting the adverse effects of the terrestrial and space weather impact on the human cardiovascular system and taking preventive measures in a timely manner.
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Oynotkinova, Olga Sh, Nikolay A. Ermakov, and Boris L. Shklovskiy. "The role of anthropogenic factors in the development of ecopathology of the cardiovascular system." City Healthcare 2, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2021.v2i4;42-52.
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Introduction. Environmental pollution remains a significant problem worldwide, is the cause of increased mortality and, in turn, a factor in reducing life expectancy. The influence of the environment and pollution of the atmospheric basin by aeropollutants, causes mainly the development of diseases not only of the respiratory system, but also of the cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine systems. Objective. To study the epidemiological situation and the prognostic significance of risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications in persons living in different ecological-biogeochemical zones. Materials and methods. A study on the relationship of risk factors to health indicators, classified as health and environmental monitoring, was conducted with the participation of 263 men and 35 women aged 18-65 working in industrial (chemical) production. According to catamnesis, 367 cases of men and women aged 39-57 were analysed. Results. The conducted studies show the effect of aeropollutants on the progression of the atherosclerotic process with coronary heart disease.
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Agienko, A. S., I. L. Strokolskaya, V. Yu Heraskov, and G. V. Artamonova. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors and the medical care appealability." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 11, no. 4 (January 9, 2023): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-4-79-89.
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Highlights. Unique epidemiological data were obtained on the effectiveness of preventive services of healthcare organizations in relation to cardiovascular diseases, adherence to lifestyle modification recommendations, and presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in these citizens.Aim. To assess healthcare services uptake in large industrial Siberian region, as well as the adherence of population to lifestyle modification recommendations (epidemiological data).Methods. The study included 729 residents of Kemerovo and Kemerovo region. The assessment of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases was carried out in accordance with the Russian recommendations for cardiovascular prevention. Uptake and adherence to lifestyle modification recommendations was assessed using the Health System Assessment Questionnaire of the International Prospective Study of Urban and Rural Epidemiology.Results. Among the 729 study participants, the urban population is represented by 67.3%, rural – 32.6%. The population was majority represented by women (69.7%). The mean age of participants was 59.0 (51.0; 65.0) years. Smokers accounted for 18.6% of the participants, the majority represented by men (p = 0.000). Excessive weight was more often observed in women (p = 0.013), the mean body mass index in women was 29.5 kg/m2 . The mean values of the analyzed laboratory parameters (cholesterol, low- and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose) were within the range of normal values. Previously diagnosed hypertension was noted in 64.6% of the participants, diabetes in 12%, coronary heart disease in about 7%, stroke in 1.6% of the participants. Assessment of cardiovascular risk according to SCORE scale showed that 17% of participants were at low risk, 50% – moderate risk in, and 29.2% – high-very high risk. Upon visiting healthcare provider, only 38.1% of subjects received recommendations for lifestyle changes. Respondents were frequently given recommendations to adjust their diet, followed by recommendations regarding weight loss, increased physical activity; smoking cessation and lower alcohol consumption were recommended less often. Respondents changed their lifestyle significantly more often in accordance with the recommendations received at the time of visit (p = 0.000); out of them, 56.7% had moderate cardiovascular risk, 26.7% had high and very high risk, and low risk according to SCORE – 16.7%. However, study participants were more likely to not follow received recommendations (p = 0.000).Conclusion. Due to high uptake of healthcare services in the population, high prevalence of risk factors and low adherence of the population to prevention, it can be concluded that the current model of prevention does not work. Innovative tools are needed to manage risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and positively change a person`s lifestyle.
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Gromov, Y. Y., A. V. Gorbunov, and V. M. Tyutyunnik. "Intelligent digitalization of cardiovascular risks." CARDIOMETRY, no. 22 (May 25, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.7794.
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The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model of the risks of the cardiovascular system based on the selected factors affecting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to test the developed mathematical model on a sample of clinical examples. CVD risk factors was grouped by types: biological indicators (anthropometric, biochemical, morphological, physiological), disease indicators, social indicators. An assessment of the degree of risk for each of the indicators was carried out by calculating the degree of risk using the membership formula, then evaluating the hazard class (according to the degree of risk) using a logical-linguistic model and a training algorithm for the neural fuzzy classifier of the network. The correctness of the risk determination by the developed model was confirmed by the analyzed 60 verified cases of acute cerebrovascular accident (18 men and 42 women). The analysis of the test results of the constructed neuro-fuzzy classifier allows us to conclude that it works satisfactorily even when using incomplete information, which makes it possible to use it for prompt decision-making. The results of testing on clinical examples, with an acceptable level of significance of a type I error of 0.05, showed that the risk was determined correctly. The factors influencing the risk of CVD are identified and designated as the corresponding linguistic variables. A logical-linguistic model was built, from which a transition was made to a hybrid neuro-fuzzy classifier, which allows assessing the influence of the identified factors on the level of risk of CVD. As a result of approbation of the model of intellectual digitalization of risks of the cardiovascular system on real clinical examples, it was confirmed that the risk was determined correctly, which means that it is possible to assert about the prospects for introducing this model into clinical practice and guaranteeing medical specialist more accurate diagnosis and optimization of their activities.
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Kassem, Kamal M., Mahboob Ali, and Nour-Eddine Rhaleb. "Interleukin 4: Its Role in Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Valvular, and Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Diseases." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (August 11, 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074248419868699.
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Hypertension is one of the major physiological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and it affects more than 1 billion adults worldwide, killing 9 million people every year according to World Health Organization. Also, hypertension is associated with increased risk of kidney disease and stroke. Studying the risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension is key to preventing and controlling hypertension. Numerous laboratories around to globe are very active pursuing research studies to delineate the factors, such as the role of immune system, which could contribute to hypertension. There are studies that were conducted on immune-deficient mice for which experimentally induced hypertension has been ameliorated. Thus, there are possibilities that immune reactivity could be associated with the development of certain type of hypertension. Furthermore, interleukin 4 has been associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension, which could lead to right ventricular remodeling. Also, the immune system is involved in valvular and nonvalvular cardiac remodeling. It has been demonstrated that there is a causative relationship between different interleukins and cardiac fibrosis.