Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cardioplegic Solutions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cardioplegic Solutions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cardioplegic Solutions"

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Přistoupil, T. I., M. Vrána, J. Havlíčková, and M. Kramlová. "Hemoglobin Solutions in Experimental Cardioplegia." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 10 (October 1989): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901201013.

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The addition of stroma-free hemoglobin solution to a standard St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution significantly protected the heart from ischemic damage compared to the effect of the same solution without added hemoglobin. An experimental model of rat heart cardioplegia and transplantation comprising heart arrest for three hours at 20°C was used. The number of hearts performing strong contractions after cardioplegia with iso-oncotic oxyhemoglobin prior to transplantation was close to the results with histidine-buffered cardioplegic solution according to Bretschneider. Comparative biochemical model experiments in vitro confirmed that the positive effect of oxyhemoglobin was due predominantly to its buffering capacity. The role of oxygen transport to tissues by hemoglobin was limited only to the first minutes of cardioplegia since neither recirculation nor reoxygenation took place in the present experimental setting.
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Семенов, P. Semenov, Малютин, V. Malyutin, Ковалев, S. Kovalev, Колмыков, et al. "Assessment of the Efficiency of Different Cardioplegic Solutions Based on the Study of Laboratory Parameters in Surgical Patients with Infectious Endocarditis of Left Parts of the Heart." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 2 (August 13, 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4993.

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The study included 238 cases of surgical treatment of patients with infectious endocarditis of left parts of heart. The operations of single or multivalve reconstruction or restoration in conditions of artificial circulation were made to these patients. The patients were divided into groups depending on the type of cardioplegic solution. The influence of methods of cold crystalloid (extracellu-lar and intracellular), and blood cardioplegia on clinical and laboratory indices, which characterize the severity of myocardial damage in intra - and postoperative periods, was studied. The obtained results showed that the use of all types of cardioplegic solutions allows to provide the myocardial protection during the operation and to decrease the risk of life-threatening complications in this category of patients. The increase in the level of laboratory parameters of myocardial damage was registered in the use of all types of cardioplegic solutions in patients with long anoxia. The lowest intensity of changes in the levels of blood lactate marked using a solution for cold crystalloid intracellular cardioplegia. The greatest changes of this indicator were identified in patients receiving blood potassium cardioplegia. The use of cardioplegic solution "Custodial" caused the greatest intensity of acidosis in the intra-operative period.
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O. Tyers, G. Frank. "Cardioplegic solutions." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 98, no. 2 (August 1989): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(19)34425-3.

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Lim, Kelvin H. H., Andrew P. Halestrap, Gianni D. Angelini, and M. Saadeh Suleiman. "Propofol Is Cardioprotective in a Clinically Relevant Model of Normothermic Blood Cardioplegic Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Experimental Biology and Medicine 230, no. 6 (June 2005): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15353702-0323006-09.

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The general anesthetic propofol has been shown to be cardioprotective. However, its benefits when used in cardioplegia during cardiac surgery have not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of propofol on metabolic stress, cardiac function, and injury in a clinically relevant model of normothermic cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty anesthetized pigs, randomized to propofol treatment ( n = 8) and control ( n =12) groups, were surgically prepared for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest. Doses of warm blood cardioplegia were delivered at 15-min intervals during a 60-min aortic cross-clamped period. Propofol was continuously infused for the duration of CPB and was therefore present in blood cardioplegia. Myocardial biopsies were collected before, at the end of cardioplegic arrest, and 20 mins after the release of the aortic cross-clamp. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored and blood samples collected for cardiac troponin I measurements. Propofol infusion during CPB and before ischemia did not alter cardiac function or myocardial metabolism. Propofol treatment attenuated the changes in myocardial tissue levels of adenine nucleotides, lactate, and amino acids during ischemia and reduced cardiac troponin I release on reperfusion. Propofol treatment reduced measurable hemodynamic dysfunction after cardioplegic arrest when compared to untreated controls. In conclusion, propofol protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury in a clinically relevant experimental model. Propofol may therefore be a useful adjunct to cardioplegic solutions as well as being an appropriate anesthetic for cardiac surgery.
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Cvetkovic, Dragan, Mladen Kocica, Ljiljana Soskic, Filip Vucicevic, Olga Petrovic, Ivana Jovanovic, Snezana Jovicic, et al. "Comparison of Custodiol® and modified St. Thomas cardioplegia for myocardial protection in coronary artery bypass grafting." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 11 (2020): 1126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp181108192c.

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Background/Aim. Custodiol? is a hyperpolarizing cardioplegic solution which has been used in our national cardiac surgical practice exclusively for the heart transplant surgery. Owing to its numerous advantages over the standard depolarizing solutions, Custodiol? became cardioplegic solution of choice for all other cardiac surgical procedures in many cardio-surgical centers. This study evaluated myocardial protection by Custodiol? compared to modified St. Thomas cardioplegic solution in coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods. In a prospective four-month study, 110 consecutive adult patients who underwent primary isolated elective on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomized into the Custodiol? group (n = 54) and the St. Thomas groupa (n = 50), based on the type of administered cardioplegia; six patients were excluded. Cardiac protection was achieved as antegrade cold crystalloid cardioplegia by one of the solutions. Myocardial preservation was assessed through following outcomes: spontaneous rhythm restoration post cross-clamp, and postpoperative cardiac specific enzymes level, ejection fraction (EF) change, inotropic support, myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), and death. Results. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics of patients in both groups were similar except for a considerably longer cross-clamp time in the Custodiol? group (49.1 ? 19.0 vs. 41.0 ? 12.9 minutes; p = 0.022). The Custodiol? group exhibited a higher rate of return to spontaneous rhythm compared to the St. Thomas group (31.5% vs. 20.0%, respectively; p = 0.267), lower rates of AF (20.4% vs. 28%, respectively; p = 0.496), MI (1.8% vs. 10.0%, respectively; p = 0.075) and inotropic support (9.0% vs. 12.0%, respectively; p = 0.651), albeit not statistically significant. There was an insignificant difference in peak value of troponin I between the Custodiol? and Thee St. Thomas group (5.0 ? 3.92 ?g/L vs. 4.5 ? 3.39 ?g/L, respectively; p = 0.755) and creatine kinase-MB (26.9 ? 15.4 ?g/L vs. 28.5 ? 24.2 ?g/L, respectively; p = 0.646) 6 hours post-surgery. EF reduction was comparable (0.81% vs. 1.26%; p = 0.891). There were no deaths in both groups. Conclusions. Custodiol? and modified St.Thomas cardioplegic solution have comparable cardioprotective effects in CABG surgery. The trends of less frequent MI, AF and ino-tropic support, despite the longer cross-clamp time in the Custodiol? group may suggest that its benefits could be ascertained in a larger study.
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Hendren, William G., Gillian A. Geffin, Tim R. Love, James S. Titus, Brian E. Redonnett, Dennis D. O’Keefe, and Willard M. Daggett. "Oxygenation of cardioplegic solutions." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 94, no. 4 (October 1987): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(19)36227-0.

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Glöckner, Anna, Susann Ossmann, Andre Ginther, Jagdip Kang, Michael A. Borger, Alexandro Hoyer, and Maja-Theresa Dieterlen. "Relevance and Recommendations for the Application of Cardioplegic Solutions in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery in Pigs." Biomedicines 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091279.

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Cardioplegic solutions play a major role in cardiac surgery due to the fact that they create a silent operating field and protect the myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury. For studies on cardioplegic solutions, it is important to compare their effects and to have a valid platform for preclinical testing of new cardioplegic solutions and their additives. Due to the strong anatomical and physiological cardiovascular similarities between pigs and humans, porcine models are suitable for investigating the effects of cardioplegic solutions. This review provides an overview of the results of the application of cardioplegic solutions in adult or pediatric pig models over the past 25 years. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and refinement strategies of these models are discussed.
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Risk, Y. E., B. M. Abdelgawad, A. M. Elnahas, and M. M. Melad. "Comparative Study between Cardioplegic Solution (Custodiol) versus Conventional Cardioplegic Solutions in CABG Patients." Benha Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bjas.2021.169123.

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Brackenbury, ET, R. Sherwood, N. Meehan, MA Whitehorne, AT Forsyth, MT Marrinan, and JB Desai. "Troponin T release with warm and cold cardioplegia." Perfusion 11, no. 5 (September 1996): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919601100504.

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Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were measured in 41 patients undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. Twenty-one patients received continuous warm antegrade blood cardioplegia to maintain asystole whilst 20 patients received antegrade cold blood cardioplegia intermittently. Serum levels of cTnT were determined preoperatively and at 0, 6, 12 and 18 h postbypass. Peak cTnT levels and total cTnT release (calculated from the area under the curve postoperatively) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05: Mann-Whitney) when cold cardioplegic solutions were used. Continuous warm cardioplegia results in lower cTnT release than intermittent cold blood cardioplegia suggesting that the former may provide better myocardial preservation.
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Eucher, Philippe M., Michel Buche, Serge Broka, and Jean-Claude Schoevaerdts. "Retrieval of crystalloid cardioplegic solutions." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 61, no. 2 (February 1996): 746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(95)00968-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cardioplegic Solutions"

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Silveira, Filho Lindemberg da Mota 1972. "Associação do trimetazidine a diferentes metodos de proteção miocardica : estudo experimental em porcos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311701.

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Orientador: Reinaldo Wilson Vieira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilveiraFilho_LindembergdaMota_M.pdf: 22765856 bytes, checksum: 1ca4bc9b50a4a81b4aff9a1c376e5d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Introdução: A administração de diferentes agentes associados à cardioplegia tem sido realizada desde o surgimento da proteção miocárdica em Cirurgia Cardíaca. Qualquer medicamento que promova uma melhora na capacidade do coração operado resistir à isquemia, que se traduza em melhora hemodinâmica e de sobrevida, pode ter sua associação à cardioplegia justificada. O agente de manejo metabólico trimetazidine (TMZ), utilizado na prática clínica como agente anti-isquêmico, tem sido usado em pacientes cirúrgicos esporadicamente, não havendo comprovação de sua eficácia quando apenas associado à solução cardioplégica. Objetivo: Verificar em modelo experimental de coração isolado de suínos se a associação do trimetazidine à solução cardioplégica promove melhora no desempenho do coração Material e métodos: O modelo experimental utilizou suínos Large-White, com coração isolado perfundido por suporte de outro animal em modo de execução de trabalho ("working heart state"). Foram divididos em três grupos (n = 6), submetidos a isquemia regional seguido de isquemia global, que recebiam um dos três tratamentos: Solução St Thomas (ST), solução St Thomas acrescida de trimetazidine (TMZ) e grupo controle (Co). Durante período de reperfusão aos 30, 60 e 90 minutos foram medidos parâmetros hemodinâmicos de contratilidade e metabólicos, obtendo-se assim a elastância máxima (Emáx), o índice de trabalho sistólico pré-recrutável (PRSW), "dureza" do ventrículo (EDPRV), fluxo coronariano, consumo de oxigênio e dosagens de lactato e glicose. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente Resultados: Em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos de contratilidade não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos. Houve produção crescente de lactato nos três grupos quanto maior o tempo de reperfusão de forma uniforme. O fluxo coronariano, o consumo de oxigênio e o consumo de glicose tiveram grande variação entre os diferentes tempos medidos mas sem diferença entre os três tratamentos. O peso final do ventrículo esquerdo foi significativamente menor no grupo trimetazidine (TMZ) que nos demais. Conclusão: A administração aguda do trimetazidine, associada simplesmente como adjuvante à solução cardioplégica não demonstrou benefício hemodinâmico ou metabólico em modelo experimental de coração isolado em porcos. Palavras-chave: Trimetazidine, coração isolado, solução cardioplégica
Abstract: Introduction: Many drugs have usually been associated to cardioplegia since beggining of myocardial protection in Cardiac Surgery in order to improve surgical outcome. Any medicine able to induce resistance to ischemia and better hemodinamic effects and survival may have its utilization justified. Trimetazidine is an agent currently available as anti-ischemic medicine for anginal symptoms acting by protective metabolic effects Its role to be used in heart surgical patients as an adjuvant to cardioplegia is yet not fully comprehended. Objective: Verify in an isolated working heart state animal model if the association of trimetazidine to cardioplegia improves heart performance. Materials and method: Swines were used in this working heart model. They were divided in three grups (n = 6) that underwent regional and global ischemia. Each group was selected to a different treatment. St Thomas Cardioplegia (ST), St Thomas associated to trimetazidine (TMZ) and control group (Co). Data was collected during reperfusion period at 30, 60 and 90 minutes and were measured: Hemodinamic parameters such as elastance contractility index (Emáx), preload recruitable stroke work relationship (PRSW) and heart "stiffness" (EDPRV). Other data included coronary flow, oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate. Results were statistically analysed. Results: All contractility data were not significantly different among three groups. Lactate became constantly higher according to time uniformly in all three groups Coronary flow, glucose consumption and oxygen consumption presented large variations during time periods but according to treatments showed no statistical differences in all three groups. Left ventricle final weight was significantly lower in trimetazidine group compared to both other groups. Conclusion: Acute administration of trimetazidine associated to cardioplegia as an adjuvant showed no hemodinamic or metabolic improvement in an isolated working heart experimental model in swines. Key-words: Trimetazidine; isolated working heart model; cardioplegia
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
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King, Linda Mary. "Proposed improvements in cardioplegia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26330.

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Albacker, Turki B. "High dose insulin therapy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101833.

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This thesis is a step forward in evaluating insulin therapy and defining its role in cardiac surgery first described as Glucose-Insulin-Potassium (GIK) solution 40 years ago.
Chapter (I) includes a review of the literature on insulin therapy in cardiac surgery and illustrates the scientific bases and controversies in this therapy.
Chapter (II) entitled: "Myocardial Protection During Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using High Dose Insulin Therapy" represents a manuscript that was presented in the following meetings: (A) Local meetings: (1) McGill cardiovascular research day, February 1/2007, Montreal, Canada. (2) Fraser Gurd annual research day, McGill surgery department, May 31/2007, Montreal, Canada. (B) National meetings: (1) 11th Annual Terrence Donnelly research day for Canadian cardiac surgery residents, May 26/2007, Toronto, Canada. (C) International meetings: (1) 43rd Annual meeting of the Society of thoracic surgeons (STS), January 30/2007, San Diego, United States. A full manuscript was submitted to "The Annals of Thoracic Surgery" for review.
Chapter (III) entitled: "High Dose Insulin Therapy Attenuates Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting" represents a manuscript that was presented in the following meetings: (A) Local meetings: (1) Fraser Guard McGill Surgery department annual research day, May 3/2006, Montreal, Canada. (B) National meetings: (1) 10th Annual Terrence Donnelly research day for Canadian cardiac surgery residents, May 26/2007, Toronto, Canada. (2) Young investigator forum, Canadian Society of Clinical Investigators (CSCI), September 28/2006, Ottawa, Canada. (3) 59 th annual meeting of Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), October 21/2006, Vancouver, Canada. (C) International meetings: (1) American Heart Association (AHA), November 12/2006, Chicago, United states.
Abstracts from this work were published in the following journals: (1) Clinical and Investigative Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 4, August 2006. (2) The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 22 supp D, October 2006 (3) Circulation, Vol. 114 supp, No. 18, October 2006.
A full manuscript was submitted to "the journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery" for review.
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Greene, John Richard Timothy. "The composition, mechanisms of action and infusion parameters of cardioplegic solutions as determinants of recovery in rabbit isolated hearts (Langendorff)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47455.

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Von, Oppell Ulrich O. "Myocardial protection during cardiac surgery." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25887.

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Carvalho, George. "Studies on the inotropic effect of insulin and glucose : a new diet for the ischemic heart?" Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101840.

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The present project investigated the effect of glucose, high dose insulin and normoglycemia (GIN) therapy in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery. A reduction in myocardial injury as measured by cardiac troponin I was the primary end point. Cardiac function based on hemodynamics and vasoactive drug requirements as well as clinical outcome were evaluated. Hormones and metabolites and cardiac metabolism were investigated concurrently as potential mechanisms of GIN therapy. The major findings of the present study are that GIN therapy reduced post-operative myocardial injury and myocardial dysfunction leading to a decrease in major complications following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. The mechanism of the overall improvement in cardiac function and decreased morbidity following CABG with GIN therapy is likely to be multi-factorial, but from the present results, is influenced by improved myocardial metabolism. GIN therapy is thus an effective diet for the ischemic heart.
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CAMILLERI, LIONEL. "Etude experimentale de solutions de cardioplegie sur cultures de cardiomyocytes de rats nouveau-nes." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF1MM10.

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Yamazaki, Kazuhiro. "Prevention of myocardial reperfusion injury by poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide, in cardioplegic solution : in vitro study of isolated rat heart model." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135743.

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Lo, Feng-Yueh, and 羅鋒岳. "Dilong and Lumbrokinase prevent the High-KCL Cardioplegic Solution Administration Induced Apoptosis and Fibrosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33773851462909667862.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
中醫學系
98
Infusion of high KCl cardioplegia solution (High-KCS) is the most common method for inducing asystole before cardiac surgery. However, our previous study showed the High-KCS can cause cardiomyocytes apoptosis and might lead to cardiac fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and patients who were administered High-KCS prior to undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) to treat coronary artery disease (CAD).Therefore, it is urgent today to find a compliment medicine to smoothe this damage. Dilong（earthwarm）has been used as a traditional medicine in China for several thousand years, and extract from the Dilong has been empirically used in Asia for the treatment of vascular disorders.In this study, we applied Dilong extract and its pure component Lumbrokinase to reduce the myocardial cell damage by high KCl cardioplegia solution Infusion and further investigate the mechanisms. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 4 h then treated Dilong at 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/ml for 24h , and then followed by High-KCS treatment for 3 h to detect the protective mechanisms of Dilong behind cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Cells were harvested for MTT assay, TUNEL assay, and western blot analysis. We found the High-KCS induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis (TUNEL assay) and enhanced the protein level of pro-apoptotic Bad, cytochrome c released and active caspase-3 in H9c2 cells when exposed to High-KCS. The IGF-I/IGF-IR/ERK pathway involved in non-cardiomyocyte proliferation, and the expression/activation of uPA, Sp-1 and CTGF, which are implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis were upregulated, but the Akt for cardiomyocyte survival was greatly deactivated in postcardioplegic H9c2 cardiomyblast cells. However, Dilong highly protective and totally reverse the apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis effects induced by High-KCS. Chemical inhibitors P38（SB203580）, JNK（SP600125）, MEK（U0126）, IGF-1（AG1024）and PI3K（LY294002）were applied to investigate who is the mediator for Dilong attenuated high KCl cardioplegia solution (High-KCS) stimulated caspase 3 actvation. MEK（U0126）inhibitor totally block Dilong inhibited caspase 3 activation in high KCl cardioplegia solution (High-KCS) treated H9c2 cells.The MEK siRNA was further applied to knockdown MEK to confirm our finding.We found Dilong mediated through MEK to inhibit caspase3 activity, induced by high KCl cardioplegia solution (High-KCS) in H9c2 cells. Further more, we used the pure component of Dilong, Lumbrokinase, to block the High-KCS effect. Using microscope to observe the cell vibility, we found Lumbrokinase could reverse the High-KCS effect. Lumrokinase could also reduced the protein levels of caspase 8, caspase 9, caspase 3, and enhanced the survival related proteins PI3K/Akt and Bcl2. Taken together, our studies indicated that Dilong and Lumrokinase could be used as potential agents to block the side effects caused by High KCl cardioplegia solution in CABG surgery patients.
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Farlane, Tamara Cindy. "Does blood cardioplegia solution cause deterioration in clinical pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass graft surgery?" Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/299.

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Pulmonary dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is a widely explored complication and a multitude of factors have been implicated, including but not limited to: operative trauma; the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit; cardioplegia; the type of donor grafts utilised; anaesthesia and fluid administered. There is a paucity of information regarding the effect of cardioplegia on the lungs. No studies have previously investigated whether allowing cold-blood cardioplegic solution to enter the lung parenchyma, during the period of cardioplegia delivery, has an effect on the clinical outcome of lung function following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. For this reason an original study was done to determine the effect of preventing cardioplegia from entering the lungs, by evacuating overflow of cardioplegia not drained via the atriocaval cannula, by using a pulmonary artery vent. A total of 403 patients admitted to undergo full cardiopulmonary bypass were screened and 142 patients who fitted the criteria for inclusion and provided informed consent took part in this prospective double blind randomised clinical trial. The control group underwent routine cardiopulmonary bypass grafting. The study group had the intervention of a pulmonary artery vent sutured in position at the time the heart was cannulated for bypass. During cardioplegia delivery the cardioplegia was removed via the atriocaval cannula in the control group (A) and via the atriocaval cannula and the pulmonary artery vent in the study group (B). Aside from this difference, the two groups were managed identically intra- and post-operatively. Outcomes which were compared included eight time measures of arterial blood gases; electrolytes and shunt fraction; bedside lung spirometry measures over five time periods; radiographic measures of atelectasis and effusion over three time points; as well as physiotherapy and hospitalisation requirements. Numerous other potentially extraneous variables were measured and compared in order to monitor homogeneity of the study samples. The consistency of the results within each group throughout the study provides strong evidence that the measurements taken were accurate. The use of standardised equipment and vigilant adherence to the protocol ensured no extraneous deviation. The internal validity of this study was therefore good and accurate. The findings of the study however brought into question a previously accepted belief that the pulmonary artery vent prevents the overflow of cardioplegia, not drained from the right atrium, from entering the lungs. There was no literature or previous studies to confirm or dispute this accepted ‘observation’ by cardiac surgeons that the cardioplegia does enter the lung parenchyma. To therefore validate the findings of the study a further four original studies were designed and initiated. The objective of these studies was to establish the efficacy of the pulmonary artery vent and to determine whether cardioplegia indeed circulates through the lung parenchyma or merely accumulates and ‘pools’. Technetium (Tc-99m), a radio labelled isotope was added to the cold blood cardioplegia solution prior to delivery in order to determine this. In the four sub-studies it was confirmed that the pulmonary artery vent is 90-100% effective in retrieving any cardioplegic solution not drained by the atriocaval cannulae, thus confirming the effectiveness of the pulmonary artery vent in preventing cold blood cardioplegic solution from entering the lungs. The findings of the main study confirmed that respiratory impairment after uncomplicated cardiopulmonary bypass, even in low risk patients, is relatively common, as within each group there was a significant change in outcome measures over time. Inter-group comparisons however showed these changes were not significant, with both groups deteriorating by the same degree post-operatively, therefore establishing that these changes were independent of the intervention of the pulmonary artery vent. In the control group, the cold blood cardioplegia solution that did not drain from the atriocaval cannula entered the lungs and circulated the lung parenchyma during cardiopulmonary bypass. The study group made certain that none, or very little, of the cold blood cardioplegia solution entered the lungs. The main findings of this study are therefore that pulmonary function and gas exchange, although markedly reduced following cardiac surgery, are not affected by placement and suctioning via a pulmonary artery vent during the time of cardioplegia delivery intraoperatively. Furthermore, these studies strongly suggest that cold blood cardioplegia solution is innocuous to the lungs
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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Books on the topic "Cardioplegic Solutions"

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Thompson, Robert L. A stability study of procaine hydrochloride cardioplegic solution. 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cardioplegic Solutions"

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Menasché, Philippe, and A. Piwnica. "Retroinfusion versus antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solutions." In Clinics of CSI, 175–79. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11328-8_23.

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Sodha, Neel R., Michael P. Robich, and Frank W. Sellke. "Vascular Effects of Cardioplegic Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Bypass." In New Solutions for the Heart, 167–78. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-85548-5_10.

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Kirchner, P., J. Schaper, and P. Walter. "Ultrastructural differences in intraoperative myocardial protection using cardioplegic solutions in antegrade or retrograde perfusion." In Clinics of CSI, 159–64. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11328-8_20.

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Lee, Lawrence S., Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili, and Frederick Y. Chen. "Visualization of Cardioplegia Delivery." In New Solutions for the Heart, 269–82. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-85548-5_15.

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Chambers, David J., and Hazem B. Fallouh. "New Approaches to Cardioplegia: Alternatives to Hyperkalemia." In New Solutions for the Heart, 199–219. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-85548-5_12.

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Gunnes, Sigurd, and Per Jynge. "Fundamentals of the Past: Cardioplegia: The First Period Revisited." In New Solutions for the Heart, 15–40. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-85548-5_2.

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Botta, M., F. Scribani Rossi, L. Beretta, A. Morandi, and C. Santoli. "Myocardial protection by retroperfusion of the coronary sinus with cardioplegic solution in valve surgery." In Clinics of CSI, 225–28. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11328-8_31.

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Kant, Shawn, Frank W. Sellke, and Jun Feng. "Potassium and Cardiac Surgery." In Physiology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99735.

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Potassium homeostasis affects cardiac rhythm and contractility, along with vascular reactivity and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. This chapter will focus on potassium dynamics during and after cardiac surgery involving cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Hyperkalemic, hypothermic solutions are frequently used to induce cardioplegic arrest and protect the heart during cardiac surgery involving CPB. Common consequences of hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion include microvascular dysfunction involving several organ systems and myocardial dysfunction. Immediately after CPB, blood potassium levels often drop precipitously due to a variety of factors, including CPB -induced electrolyte depletion and frequent, long-term administration of insulin during and after surgery. Meanwhile, some patients with pre-existing kidney dysfunction may experience postoperative hyperkalemia following cardioplegia. Any degree of postoperative hyper/hypokalemia significantly elevates the risk of cardiac arrythmias and subsequent myocardial failure. Therefore, proper management of blood potassium levels during and after cardioplegia/CPB is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes following cardiac surgery.
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Athanasuleas, Constantine L., and Gerald D. Buckberg. "Cardioplegia strategies." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by John M. Murkin and Gregory Fischer, 211–16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0036.

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There are many cardioplegic strategies for coronary surgery. The goal is a dry operative field while maximizing myocardial recovery. Prospective randomized clinical trials have historically been difficult to achieve because of confounding variables such as solution used, route of administration, temperature, and so forth. This chapter describes an ‘integrated method’ of cardioplegia, so named because it combines many of the salient feature of various methods. It is designed to provide the maximum metabolic support of the myocardium during each phase of the operation. A vast literature from the laboratory to the bedside supports its use. Perhaps most importantly, integrated cardioplegia provides excellent protection of the septum and avoids paradoxical septal motion that may be a form of myocardial injury which is common with other methods of myocardial protection. Any future evaluation of cardioplegia methods should include not only survival but enzyme release and echocardiographic measurements of septal function.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cardioplegic Solutions"

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Branishte, Tudor, Mirela-Cleopatra Tomescu, and Andrei Braniste. "Permeabilised cell and fiber technique in the investigations concerning the degree of intraoperative myocardial protection with cardioplegic solution containing phosphocreatine." In 2013 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb.2013.6707364.

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