Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cardiopathies – Diagnostic – Modèles mathématiques'
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Chabiniok, Radomir. "Modélisation biomécanique personnalisée du cœur et applications cliniques." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066014.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the assessment of a biomechanical heart model using experimental data, and the investigation of clinical applications with patient-specific modeling. At the 1D level we aimed at reproducing physiological experiments with myocardial fiber contraction. For the 3D validation we performed in co-operation with a clinical partner an experiment with animals (pigs) in order to obtain data in the healthy stage and after creating a myocardial infarct. We showed that our model can reproduce the pressures and motion of a healthy heart and that the infarct can be represented by changing only the parameters directly related to the pathology. The objective of the first clinical application was to predict the short-term effect of the Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) by means of an increase of ‘max LV dp/dt’. The model personalization was performed using patients MRI and pressure data in the baseline condition – prior to CRT. Then we fixed the values of all parameters and applied electrical activation patterns according to the pacing modes considered. We obtained a very good prediction of max LV dp/dt using various pacing patterns in 3 clinical cases. This preliminary clinical validation shows that the modeling of CRT is a very promising approach as an assistance to therapy planning. The second application is based on the adaptation of data assimilation methods developed in the MACS team at INRIA. We performed joint state-parameter estimation with real image data. We showed the effectiveness of these algorithms in automatic model personalization and that the estimated contractility values can serve as an indicator of the local heart function
Ahriz, Hatem. "Modélisation automatique de systèmes physiques : application au diagnostic." Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS013.
Full textDejean, Sébastien. "Comparaison de procédures d'estimation dans le cadre des modèles non linéaires à paramètres aléatoires : application à la modélisation de l'évolution temporelle de l'indice de surface foliaire de cultures observées par télédétection spatiale." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30062.
Full textIn the spatial remote sensing for agriculture framework, we deal with the estimation of a crop leaf area index evolution model from high temporal resolution images ; the scope of the work is the improvement of yield prediction over a large area. Regular measurements can be considered as longitudinal data of a population of pixels. We propose a random parameter modelling to express between-pixels variability and to deal with the whole pixels simultaneously. We present parametric and non parametric expressions of the between-pixels variability. We focus on the parametric model for which we review estimation methods based either on a per-pixel approach or on the maximization of an approximated global likelihood. .
Toguyeni, Abdoul Karim Armand. "Surveillance et diagnostic en ligne dans les ateliers flexibles de l'industrie manufacturière." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10117.
Full textLorquet, Vincent. "Etude d'un codage semi-distribué adaptatif pour les réseaux multi-couches. Application au diagnostic, à la modélisation et à la commande." Paris, ENST, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENST0025.
Full textAllimant, Alain. "Atomisation sous gaz de poudres métalliques : optimisation du procédé à partir de la modélisation du jet et du diagnostic in-situ." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2046.
Full textGas atomization of liquid metal using a De Laval nozzle is thought to be one of the most effective processes both in terms of powder quality which includes size and composition and in terms of inert gas consumption used to atomize this liquid metal. The comprehension of the events involved is of prime importance to improve the process and nowadays, the studies are both oriented on experimental work and CFD modeling. Thus, the work done in this thesis, which aimed at optimizing the process, involves experimental results and CFD results. On the experimental hand, the three main chronologic stages of the process were analyzed. They consist in the melting of the melt batch and then the primary and secondary atomization. The Particle Image Velocimetry has been used to measure the particle speed in the atomizing chamber and provides meaningful data on the primary and secondary atomization phenomenon. At the start of the process, primary atomization seems to be dominated by the pressurization of the autoclave. At that time, the metal spray is poorly atomized resulting in coarse particle sizes. Later, as the pressure still increases in the autoclave, the spray size decreases et simultaneously the particle sizes become finer. Secondary atomization seems to be mostly influenced by the gas to metal ratio. Thus, with the other parameters being unchanged, as the static height of the melt in the crucible is decreasing, the available energy for the melt disintegration is higher, so that the particle size consequently diminishes. To conclude, the relationship between atomizing pressure and resulting powder size and the importance of the gas to metal ratio (GMR) are both confirmed. On the CFD hand, the modelling of the gas-only flow using Fluent lead to the formalisation of the effects of the main operating parameters. The respective effects of the suction under the melt nozzle, of the expansion through the De Laval nozzle and of the shape of the atomizing system could be underlined and the trends match with the experimental results. The choice in the shapes and sizes of the components used for the melting to the atomization acts on the melt mass flow rate, so that the powder particle size is also affected. The process is unsteady during the whole atomization event. First, most of the time, the melt flow is started during the pressurization of the autoclave to avoid the plugging of the melt nozzle, and then, as the crucible is emptying, the loss of static height reduces the melt flow rate. The next critical step for improving the process consists in getting it steady
Didier, Gaëtan. "Modélisation et diagnostic de la machine asynchrone en présence de défaillances." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10163.
Full textIn this study, we move on to the broken rotor bar diagnosis of squirrel-cage induction machines. The first part is devoted to the development of a model which is based on the magnetically coupled electric circuits. We present three methods allowing detection of a rotor defect of an induction machine. The first method is based on the evaluation of several indexes calculated starting from the amplitude of the components present in the spectra of the instantaneous power and the line current. The second method of detection suggested uses the stator current spectrum phase calculated starting from a Fourier Transform. To improve the detection, we use the Hilbert transform phase calculated starting from the stator current spectrum module. These approaches have the characteristic to be based on any threshold of reference to establish the presence of a broken rotor bar
Impériale, Alexandre. "Méthode d'assimilation de données de la donnée image pour la personnalisation de modèles mécaniques : application à la mécanique cardiaque et aux images de marquage tissulaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066622.
Full textThis thesis aims at incorporating complex data derived from images into a data assimilation strategy available for mechanical systems. Our work relies on some recent developments that propose a sequential data assimilation method made of a Luenberger filter for the state space and an optimal filter reduced to the remaining parameter space. We aim at performing parameter identification for a biomechanical model of the heart and, within the scope of this application, we formalize the construction of shape discrepancy measurements for two types of data sets: first, the data expected of a processing step of tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging (tagged-MRI) and, second, more standard data composed by the contours of the object. Initially based on simple distance measurements we enrich these discrepancy measures by incorporating the formalism of currents which enables to embed the contours of the object within the dual of an appropriate space of test functions. For each discrepancy operators we analyze its impact on the observability of the system and, in the case of tagged-MRI, we prove that they are equivalent to a direct measurement of the displacement. From a numerical standpoint, taking into account these complex data sets is a great challenge that motivates the creation of new numerical schemes that provide a more flexible management of the various observation operators. We assess these new means of extracting the rich information contained in the image by identifying in realistic cases the position and the intensity of an infarct in the heart tissue
Alhaj-Dibo, Moustapha. "Validation de données et diagnostic des systèmes incertains à l'aide de l'analyse par intervalles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL058N.
Full textTo function correctly, the control and the monitoring systems of the processes require to receive consistent data representative of the operating condition of these processes. Unfortunately, the data taken on a process does not constitute an exact representation of its operation because the data are subject to errors of various natures. Therefor, it is necessary to test the validity of the data gathered before using them. The major problem encountered at the time of a procedure of data validation or diagnosis is that a model of a process defines only one approximate behavior of the process which it is supposed to represent. These approximations come from the errors of modeling which can be explained by the impossibility of identifying exactly the parameters of a real system because of the limited precision of its instrumentation. Moreover, the behavior of any real system changes in the time in a nonforeseeable way because of the environment, of the procedures. . . The representation of a real system by an uncertain model constitutes a good solution to take into account the uncertain character of the parameters model of the system. Several approaches were developed to analyse such models, as the probabilistic approach and the bounding approach. The objective of this thesis is to propose, by using the bounding approach, a methods of data validation for the uncertains systems
Djeziri, Mohand Arab. "Diagnostic des systèmes incertains par l’approche Bond Graph." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/20/00/30/PDF/These-Djeziri-07-12-2007.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with robust fault diagnosis in presence of parameter uncertainties using bond graph model in LFT form (Linear Fractional Transformations). An approach for ARRs and adaptive thresholds generation is developed and implemented on appropriate software. The diagnosis performances are improved using a residual sensitivity analysis, which allows defining sensitivity indexes of parameter uncertainties and fault delectability indexes. The fault detectable value can be estimated (in puissance terms) due to the energetic aspect of the bond graph tools. The developed method is applied in real time on two industrial applications with different complexities: Mechatronic system, in order to detect and to isolate backlash phenomenon by distinguishing fault from parameter uncertaintiesEnergetic process of steam generation, which is a no stationary system with a complex parameter space
Da, Cunha Joao Paulo. "Diagnostic thermique de la machine à courant continu par identification paramétrique." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2353.
Full textAh-Jaco, Aimé. "Modélisation des moteurs asynchrones triphasés en régime transitoire avec saturation et harmoniques d'espace : application au diagnostic." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10187.
Full textHu, He-Xuan. "Modèle formel pour intégrer le diagnostic de fautes multiples et la reconfiguration." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10077.
Full textThis research presents a new formal framework for integrating multi-fault diagnosis and reconfiguration. The main idea is to use the STRIPS (STanford Research Institute Problem Solver), a formal language for automated planning which can integrate the cause_effect knowledge and the automated reasoning mechanism into one model. The multi-fault diagnostic process and its consistency-checking module are all based on the models defined by STRIPS actions. Moreover, the fault models are introduced into the consistency-checking module for preventing the impossible diagnoses. The STRIPS can qualitatively define the fault models without requiring detail and precise knowledge of faulty components. According to the results of diagnosis, the reconfiguration updates the system’s model. It uses the model checking to verify whether the updated model satisfies the desired objectives. These objectives are described by a temporal language
Bénazéra, Emmanuel. "Diagnostic et reconfiguration basés sur des modèles hybrides concurrents : application aux satellites autonomes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30105.
Full textAusloos, Alexandre. "Surveillance et diagnostic pour la conduite de la maintenance prévisionnelle." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the detection and localisation of degradation allowing predictive or corrective maintenance actions. The work was done within an application to a civil turbofan start, which is very important for airline companies. A detailed failure mode analysis of the starting phase, based on expert opinion and experience feedback, enabled the definition of indicators that characterize the components health involved in the engine start. In addition, the indicator values depend on the start operating conditions which could mask the degradation effects. The proposed approach consists to calculate for each indicator the difference between its measured value and its estimated value using the measured operating conditions and assuming a healthy situation. The estimation is done using models based on regression and the parameters are determined using a data base. The learning data base has been built using available engine start bench tests. Then indicators model parameters in the case of a healthy behavior were learned considering polynomial regression and support vector regression. However the estimation validity is guaranteed only when the operating conditions are within the domain covered by the learning data base. Thus the proposed system architecture includes a preliminary control on the operating conditions using one-class SVM. The thesis concludes with a study of the com-promise between the control severity and the estimation error
Gonzalez-Rojo, Sergio. "Contribution au diagnostic, à la supervision et à la conduite du trafic urbain." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30058.
Full textGrondin, Olivier. "Modélisation du moteur à allumage par compression dans la perspective du contrôle et du diagnostic." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES054.
Full textThis thesis has described an investigation into the modelling of compression ignition engine for control and diagnosis purpose. The Diesel engine is the most efficient and clean internal combustion engine due to modern electromechanical actuators. However, pollutant emission regulations are much more stricter, thus, these complex systems need sophisticated and efficient control algorithms to reach very low emission levels. For this task, engine models are required at each step of the control system development : control laws synthesis, simulation and validation. The system under study is a six cylinder direct injection Diesel engine fitted with a turbocharger. The model of this system is based on physical laws for some parts of the engine such as cylinders, manifolds, turbocharger and crank-slider system. In order to reduce computing time we choose to model heat transfer and heat release during combustion using simple empirical correlations. Resulting model has been implemented in the Matlab-Simulink environment and it can predict variables of interest for control purpose with one degree crank angle resolution. The model has been tested numerically and compared with an industrial engine simulation code with good results. Moreover, model output variables are in good agreement with experimental data recorded on a heavy-duty research engine. The engine model has been embedded on a board providing enough computing performances to perform real-time simulations, this will be helpful for “hardware-in-the-loop” simulations. Another part of this study is dedicated to the combustion process modelling using a non linear phenomenological model : the NARMAX model. The goal is to predict the in-cylinder pressure evolution using other measurements available on the engine. The NARMAX model parameters have been identified using input-output data carried out from the experimental engine. Such model is well suited for real-time applications compare to numerically cost effective physical models. First results are promising and demonstrate that non linear “black-box” models can be employed to model the combustion process with the crankshaft speed as main model input
Beurton-Aimar, Marie. "Architecture d'un système d'aide au diagnostic médical : application en rhumatologie inflammatoire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28712.
Full textTebaa, Gable Myriam. "Proposition d'un modèle de raisonnement expert en situation de résolution de problèmes, basé sur une approche systémique des activités cognitives de raisonnement : application au diagnostic médical." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2049.
Full textDokladal, Petr. "Grey-scale image segmentation : a topological approach." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0065.
Full textIvarnez, Janicot Corinne. "L'aide au processus de diagnostic de gestion : une étude expérimentale." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20222.
Full textMüller, Juliana Luisa. "Contribution à la modélisation de tests de diagnostic de courts-circuits entre tôles dans les stators de turboalternateurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10081/document.
Full textTurbogenerator stators are subject to faults such as interlaminar short circuits. These faults induce hot spots which may have an impact on the machine performances, leading in certain cases to irreversible damages. In this work, the short circuits, as well as the most commonly used diagnosis tests, have been studied using a 3D finite element method electromagnetic approach. One of the difficulties inherent in numerical modelling of interlaminar short circuits is to take account of the scale factor between the different parts that are involved in such problem (dimensions of the stator, short circuits and insulating varnish between laminations). A simple finite element modelling of the real geometry (lamination stack, insulation representation…) would imply a much too large number of unknowns regarding the calculation power which is classically available. Thus, in this work, to represent lamination stacks, homogenization techniques have been associated to a methodology to choose the homogenized and non-homogenized (including the fault) zones. The approach has been validated through results from an experimental prototype considering faults under different conditions (position, size…). Moreover, both main diagnosis tests, used in the industry to detect such faults, have also been modelled in the presence of a fault: the El Cid test, at low flux, and the test at 80% of the rated flux with thermal detection. The study which has been carried out shows the importance of certain parameters, such as the fault size and the material characteristics, on the diagnosis test results. This appears in particular through the diagnosis tests sensibility in these different conditions
Mabrouk, Ahmed. "Developpements d'outils d'aide au diagnostic en contexte incertain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066449.
Full textThe diagnosis of severe nuclear accident scenarios represents a major challenge for nuclear safety and crisis management. The problem is complex and remains until now one of the main research topics due to the complexity of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying severe accidents, the difficulty in understanding the different correlations between them, and in addition the unavailability of efficient public datasets. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a dedicated tool for modeling and diagnosis of accident scenarios based on Bayesian networks. The learning process of the Bayesian networks is based on the use of databases created with the ASTEC severe accident software. It should be emphasized that the use of Bayesian networks in this context has faced many challenges, notably the learning process from the accidental data which, after numerous studies, has been doomed to be ineffective to address efficiently this task. These difficulties arise mainly because the used data contains on the one hand, many continuous variables and on the other hand a set of both deterministic and probabilistic relationships between variables. These two constraints present a serious problem for the learning algorithms of Bayesian networks because these latter assume that all relationships between variables are probabilistic and all the used variables in the datasets are factorial (or discrete). Concerning the first point, we proposed of a new structure learning algorithm based on the use of a set of new rules (whose effectiveness has been proven theoretically and experimentally). Regarding discretization step, we proposed a multivariate approach which, according to a detailed experimental study, has enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of these latter while minimizing the information loss during the data transformation
Coulanges, Matthieu. "Gestion des incertitudes et des connaissances expertes en radiothérapie assistée par l'image : contribution à l'optimisation des plans de traitement." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b9de7357-3664-43ec-99bb-38c8be326cb3.
Full textLe chapitre 2 traite de l'évaluation de l'extension tumorale qui est un pré-requis à la définition d'un plan de traitement. Ceci correspond à la définition précise du CTV qui doit conduire à l'élimination totale des cellules cancéreuses. La difficulté de cette tâche repose sur l'histoire de la tumeur, sa nature, sa position et les organes à risque environnant. Un premier axe de travail concerne l'étude de bases de données de patients (cas du caner du sein) au travers de modèles de type statistiques ou notamment des KPPV. Un deuxième axe de travail concerne l'élaboration de modèles prédictifs de croissance tumorale. Le chapitre 3 est consacré à la prise en compte des incertitudes de mouvement ou de position dans le plan de traitement. Après avoir analyser l'influence de ces incertitudes sur les doses reçues, puis proposer un modèle rapide d'évaluation du calcul de dose en fonction du positionnement, nous proposerons une nouvelle méthode globale d'évaluation de plan de traitement par calcul des DVH statistiques prenant en compte les incertitudes de positionnement et de bougé. Ce travail se voulant très prospectif, nous conclurons en analysant les perspectives potentielles à donner à ce travail, d'une part concernant l'évaluation de l'envahissement tumoral, et d'autre part concernant la nécessité de réduire les incertitudes de positionnement
Devanneaux, Vincent. "Modélisation des machines asynchrones triphasées à cage d'écureuil en vue de la surveillance et du diagnostic." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT038H.
Full textHenry-Chatelain, Catherine. "Génération de méta-faits pour la modélisation du raisonnement en diagnostic médical : application du diagnostic de l'infection néonatale." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD068.
Full textThe theme of this work is the development of an expert system for materno-foetal diagnosis in newborn babies. The study is part of the development of an essential expert system usable in either the diagnostic or simulation mode. Firstly, we present the various stages of an expert system development and also the main modes of knowledge representation via expert system description in the medical field. Secondly, we describe the essential expert system and its natural language interface with which its development has been conducted. Following this, we describe the main feature of materno-foetal infections, so as to highlight the various problems associated with their diagnosis. These are broken down and formulated in such a way that the analysis is in the form of fairly simple reasoning process. We put forward a general-purpose model of knowledge representation, based here upon infection criteria, as well as a meta-knowledge automatic generation module ; the latter, using the direct description of the basic facts allows us to deduce new data, in terms compatible with those used by doctors. The practical use of the module is described in considerable detail. The whole of the various generated meta-knowledge is reported, as is its analysis and the choice of triggerable rules. An example of a consultation is given. Results are presented for the evaluation phase, which was conducted in a pediatric reanimation unit
Lebbal, Mohamed el Hadi. "Contribution à la modélisation et au diagnostic des systèmes à commutations." Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0003.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis is to optimize systems behaviours, even in failure presence. Our contribution is to propose specifics solutions for the modelling and the diagnosis of the nonlinear systems with real or fictitious discrete inputs. We were interested to hybrid processes equipped with discrete inputs and continuous outputs and processes presenting nonlinearities with discontinuities. For the processes with discrete inputs, we developed a multimodel based on the commutation of the inputs by associating continuous linear representations to an automaton that stands for the discrete state changes. For nonlinear processes, we introduced fictitious discrete inputs that make it possible to replace nonlinearities and we built the associated automaton. By exploiting the multimodels and the faults magnitude estimation, we have improved the diagnosis performances based on the parity space approach. In particular, for the faults isolation and for discernability. Finally, we applied our approach to a throttle valve
Guigal, Pierre-Michel. "Modélisation de la propagation infectieuse dans un réseau organise d'individus : apport de la prétopologie et de la géometrie fractale." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0064.
Full textThis report deals with forecast and diagnosis modelling of a disease wich spread is intimately linked to the population organisation. According to some hypothesis, we bring to the fore that the characteristics of susceptibility (defined as local relations) give raise to a kind of global organisation in the population. This characteristic forms a main factor in forecasting. Scrapie in sheep give us a concrete support for this approach. The pretopological theory allows us to design a simplified model of the population organisation and suggests that a scale law may structure a network of local relations. This property leads to look for a self similar process in the clusters consitution. We implement pattern recognition methods based on syntax to design a model of cluster constitution on a network of local relations. This on reveals the self similarity property wich allows us to formulate the aim of analysis in the frame of fractal geometry. An adaptation of the Zifp-Mandelbrot law to hierarchic organisation of the local relations enable us to propose a parametric method of anlaysis. We use these results in a new kind of compartmental model that give an analytic representation of the complex phenomena of spreak in a network. In order to validate this synthetic approach of complex spreak in a network, we propose a cellular automaton for simulation of local events as relation and spread. We obtain similar results by the two ways. This result suggests that the synthetic approach is operative
Ouattara, Djomangan Adama. "Modélisation de l'infection par le VIH, identification et aide au diagnostic." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120086.
Full textlourds (avec des effets secondaires handicapants) qui sont destinés à être mis en
place à vie. Les différentes souches de virus, les mutations, les résistances ou tout
simplement les spécificités de chaque patient conduisent parfois à interrompre ou
à modifier le traitement après quelques semaines d'observation.
Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans une thématique pluridisciplinaire et son objectif
a été d'étudier la modélisation mathématique de l'évolution de l'infection
VIH/SIDA pour une aide précoce au diagnostic clinique. Notre approche consiste
à modéliser l'évolution des dynamiques de l'infection – essentiellement la dynamique
de la charge virale, du taux de CD4 et de CD8 – dans le but de prédire
son évolution. Cette modélisation met en jeu plusieurs paramètres (liés à la virulence
du virus et à l'état du système immunitaire du malade) qui nous permettent
d'interpréter et de caractériser certains phénomènes encore mal connus de l'infection.
Ce rapport présente donc l'identification (l'estimation) des paramètres
de l'infection à partir des mesures cliniques standard (à savoir la charge virale,
le taux de CD4 et de CD8), ainsi que la manière dont ces paramètres peuvent
être utilisés pour l'aide à la prise en charge thérapeutique du malade. D'un point
de vue technique, il a fallu développer des méthodes d'identification ad hoc qui
permettent de calculer les paramètres de l'infection à partir d'un faible nombre
de mesures.
Les résultats obtenus – grâce à un essai clinique mis en place par le CHU de
Nantes – montrent que les patients en échec thérapeutique, peuvent être précocement
détectés par l'analyse mathématique de leurs paramètres respectifs.
Ce rapport présente dans un premier temps la modélisation de l'infection VIH,
avec un aperçu des modèles standard qui existent ainsi que deux nouveaux modèles
que nous avons introduits pour le besoin de cette étude. Ensuite, l'identifiabilité
des systèmes dynamiques en temps continu et discret y est présentée. Nous
montrons que les modèles étudiés sont identifiables à partir des données cliniques
usuelles. Enfin, nous présentons l'identification des paramètres des modèles à partir
des données cliniques et son application à l'aide au diagnostic clinique.
Jaoul, Cédric. "Étude par thermogravimétrie d'un procédé de nitrocarburation des aciers assisté par une post-décharge micro-ondes dans les mélanges N2-CH4 et Ar-N2-H2-C3H8 : diagnostic optique et modélisation de l'interaction gaz-surface." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL113N.
Full textN2-CH4 afterglow is first studied by optical emission spectroscopy. A method to measure densities of carbon and nitrogen atoms in the post-discharge is presented. The mass gains of pure iron sam pies during post-discharge nitrocarburising treatments are monitored by in situ thermogravimetry. The use of propane during sequenced treatments shows that the studied orocess allows the synthesis of various carbonitride configurations: monophased (E) or multi-phased compound layer. The modeling of volume kinetic processes in the gas phase suitably predict the order of magnitude of the densities for major species in the N2-CH4 post- discharge. Lastly, we propose original results obtained by coupling several models (chemical kinetics of the gas phase, surface kinetics and diffusion in the solid) in the case of post-discharge nitriding
Girard, Sylvain. "Diagnostic du colmatage des générateurs de vapeur à l'aide de modèles physiques et statistiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00798355.
Full textAbed, Aïcha. "Contribution à l'étude et au diagnostic de la machine asynchrone." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10020.
Full textUsed in the majority of the electric drives, the asynchronous machine tends to supplant the machine with D. C. Current as well as the synchronous machine because of its many qualities, and mainly of its low cost and its robustness. Thus, a general reflexion is committed in modeling and diagnostic of induction machine defects. More particularly, we propose to study the rotor defects (broken bars in the rotor). In the first time, we develop two models of the asynchronous machine for the simulation of broken bars. We present in the continuation three methods to detect this fault. The principle of detection is based on the spectral analysis of the stator current in order to follow the evolution of the frequencies which are related to the fault. Lastly, a study of the defect in the presence of a classical vector control is presented, opening a new way towards a diagnostic in the case of speed variation. An experimental part is carried out to validate the exactitude of the theoretical results and to show the effectiveness of the developed methods
Chardon, Philippe. "Diagnostic de fautes dans les circuits logiques complexes : prise en compte de la connaissance de haut niveau." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20179.
Full textGrastien, Alban. "Diagnostic décentralisé et en-ligne de systèmes à événements discrets reconfigurables." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011757.
Full textLe diagnostic peut s'effectuer sur chacune de ces périodes, et on peut raffiner le résultat en vérifiant l'égalité entre l'état final d'une fenêtre et l'état initial de la suivante. Puisque le modèle global d'un système réel est trop grand pour être calculé, nous avons adapté les techniques de diagnostic décentralisé à notre approche. Enfin, nous avons étendu nos résultats aux systèmes reconfigurables, c'est-à-dire dont certains composants ainsi que les connexions entre ceux-ci peuvent être ajoutés, modifiés ou supprimés.
Nizigiyimana, Richard. "Diagnostic de réseaux électriques et communication par CPL." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4040/document.
Full textPower line communications (PLC) technologies allow deploying low cost home data network using power cables as transmission lines. They offer nowadays data rate sometimes upper than those of Wifi standard. However, PLC performances strongly depend on the electric and electromagnetic environment of the domestic power grid. The announced data rates are then rarely achieved. The aim of this work is to develop a tool computing the expected PLC performances of a given network. Frequent PLC models are compared and the multipath model has been chosen after than analysis. The developed simulator can compute the transmission parameters (transfer function, channel capacity, coherence bandwidth) between two points of the grid. The influence of the grid topology and the cable type is investigated. When the grid topology is unknown, an algorithm to compute it has been initiated from the pulse propagation times between power outlets
Pierre, Charles. "Modélisation et simulation de l'activité électrique du coeur dans le thorax, analyse numérique et méthodes de volumes finis." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2058.
Full textThe two purposes of that PhD thesis are firstly the modeling in the field of bio mathematics and secondly numerical analysis and scientific computing. The bidomain model describes the electrical activity of the heart. This activity is complex : at the cellular scale it is based on biochemical processes and at the macroscopic scale on the anisotropic structure of the cardiac tissues and the torso characteristics. A fundamental application for that model is the simulation of electrocardiograms. Finite volumes methods have been developed to solve the model. First of all the stability and the convergence of a classical finite volumes scheme is proved, theoretically and numerically, for a simplified version of the bidomain model. To handle with conceptual and practical difficulties of the complete model (tissues anisotropy, limit conditions, distorted and unstructured meshes), a second class of finite volumes schemes in 2D or 3D, called cell-vertex centered, has been elaborated and tested
Mabrouk, Ahmed. "Developpements d'outils d'aide au diagnostic en contexte incertain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066449.
Full textThe diagnosis of severe nuclear accident scenarios represents a major challenge for nuclear safety and crisis management. The problem is complex and remains until now one of the main research topics due to the complexity of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying severe accidents, the difficulty in understanding the different correlations between them, and in addition the unavailability of efficient public datasets. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a dedicated tool for modeling and diagnosis of accident scenarios based on Bayesian networks. The learning process of the Bayesian networks is based on the use of databases created with the ASTEC severe accident software. It should be emphasized that the use of Bayesian networks in this context has faced many challenges, notably the learning process from the accidental data which, after numerous studies, has been doomed to be ineffective to address efficiently this task. These difficulties arise mainly because the used data contains on the one hand, many continuous variables and on the other hand a set of both deterministic and probabilistic relationships between variables. These two constraints present a serious problem for the learning algorithms of Bayesian networks because these latter assume that all relationships between variables are probabilistic and all the used variables in the datasets are factorial (or discrete). Concerning the first point, we proposed of a new structure learning algorithm based on the use of a set of new rules (whose effectiveness has been proven theoretically and experimentally). Regarding discretization step, we proposed a multivariate approach which, according to a detailed experimental study, has enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of these latter while minimizing the information loss during the data transformation
Hoang, Tuan Nha. "Incertitude des données biomécaniques : modélisation et propagation dans les modèles de diagnostic des pathologies du système musculosquelettique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2171/document.
Full textThe aim of the project is to investigate the modeling of the reliability/incertitude/imprecision of biomedical and biomechanics data (medical images, kinematics/kinetics/EMG data, etc.) and its propagation in the predictive diagnosls models of the disorders of musculoskeletal systems. These diagnosis models will be based on multimodal and multidimensional patient data (3D medical imaging, mechanical data,dinical data,etc.). The literature-based data have been collected to estabish an uncertainty space, which represents fused data from multiple sources, of morphological, mechanical, and movement analysis properties of the musculoskeletal system from multiple sources (i.e. research papers from Science Direct and Pubmed). After that,a new clustering method (US-ECM) is proposed for integrating fused data from multiple sources ln form of a multidimensional uncertainty space (US). Reliability of biomechanical data was evaluated by a fusion approach expert opinion. Reliability criteria of a data source (ie scientific paper published) focus on the technique used the acquisition protocol and measurement and the number of data. A system of questionnaires was developed to co!lect expert opinion. Then, the theory of beliet functions has been applied to merge these opinion to establish a confidence level each data source
Khelil, Yassine. "Analyse des données en vue du diagnostic des moteurs Diesel de grande puissance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4315.
Full textThis thesis is carried out within an industrial framework (BMCI) which aims to enhance the availability of equipments on board ships. In this work, a data-based method for fault detection is combined with a knowledge-based method for fault isolation. The presented approach is generic and characterized by the ability to be applied to all the Diesel engine subsystems, to different kind of Diesel engines and can also be extended to other equipments. Moreover, this approach is tolerant regarding differences in instrumentation. This approach is tested upon the detection and isolation of the most hazardous and frequent faults which subject Diesel engines. This approach intends to make diagnosis upon the entire Diesel engine including all the subsystems and the existing interactions between the subsystems. The proposed approach is tested upon a test bench and upon the Diesel engines of the DCNS military vessel textquotedblleft Adroit". Most of the introduced faults on the test bench and the appeared faults on the Adroit engines have been successfully detected and isolated. In addition, to deal with uncertainties and fuzziness of the causal relationships given by maintenance experts, a model is developed. This model aims to validate these causal relationships used in the isolation part of the diagnosis approach
Toscano, Rosario. "Contribution à la conception d'un système de diagnostic industriel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0030.
Full textHess, Jonathan. "Modélisation de la qualité du biogaz produit par un fermenteur méthanogène et stratégie de régulation en vue de sa valorisation." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257347.
Full textCe lien implique une relation linéaire entre la qualité du biogaz et la concentration en CO2 dissous, qui sert à améliorer les modèles existants. Un indice de risque de déstabilisation du procédé est construit à partir d'une analyse de stabilité d'un modèle simplifié. Cette procédure, appliquée à un procédé pilote, peut détecter une éventuelle déstabilisation du fermenteur, plus tôt que les indicateurs usuels (pH, acides gras volatils). Enfin, nous introduisons une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle de la qualité du biogaz basée sur la régulation de l'alcalinité dans le digesteur. Différentes lois de commande sont proposées et validées expérimentalement sur un réacteur pilote.
Beaussier, Hélène. "Pharmacologie et mécanique de la plaque d'athérosclérose." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P619.
Full textOur research is based on the role of arterial stiffness in the atherosclerotic carotid wall mechanics to understand plaque rupture in essential hypertensive patients. All mechanical parameters were measured on the common carotid artery (CCA) segment by a non-invasive echotracking system, the ArtLab®. We have modelled the in vivo mechanical behavior of human CCAs to quantify contributions of micro-constituents with age and hypertension. Arterial stiffness could explain changes in mechanical characteristics of wall micro-constituents in hypertension and atherosclerotic arterial wall behaviour in response to mechanical strains. Two opposite patterns of longitudinal bending strain (BS) has been shown in atherosclerotic plaques on the CCA: inward BS (pattern B), i. E. Lower radial strain at the plaque level than adjacent segment, and outward BS (pattern A). We have defined determinants of the pattern B (Beaussier, Hypertension 2008): essential hypertension, outer remodelling and absence of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. Arterial wall of hypertensive patients are less elastic at the site of the plaque, exposing the plaque to a greater risk of rupture. RAS blockers could protect against inward BS. We have correlated the arterial mechanics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (echotracking) with their composition (MRI). We have shown that inward BS pattern are more often associated with complex plaques, with lipid rich core and with an outer remodelling; these are structural characteristics of “vulnerable” plaque, prone to rupture. This suggested that inward BS is a mechanical feature of vulnerable plaques
Ventre, Jeanne. "Modèles réduits d’écoulement sanguin dans les grandes artères : applications aux pathologies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS119.
Full textUnderstanding and predicting the hemodynamics of cardiovascular pathologies is crucial to improve the management and diagnosis of such diseases. Mathematical blood flow models are a suited alternative to classical approaches such as invasive measurements, data analysis methods, and medical imaging techniques. To be used as predictive tools for patient-specific studies, blood flow models need to be computed in real medical time, typically the diagnosis time. Three-dimensional models that simulate the interaction between the fluid and the mechanics of the arterial wall provide really precise data, however, they require important computational resources. Reduced-order models allow determining the pressure and flow fields with a low computational cost and in regions of the arterial network inaccessible to visualization techniques and invasive measurements. The goal of this thesis is therefore to derive a hierarchy of reduced-order models, from simple to complex, in order to study different pathologies as for instance vascular stenoses, or pulmonary hypertension
Beauseroy, Pierre. "Analyse automatique de signaux "courants de Foucault" multivoies : application au diagnostic des tubes de générateurs de vapeur." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD529.
Full textGourzi, Mohamed. "Modélisation théorique et expérimentale d'un système de mesure électromagnétique non-invasif : application à la mesure de la glycémie." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10162.
Full textThe glycaemia daily control belongs to the measures taken into account by the diabetics in order to balance their blood glucose rate and thus avoid serious complications. Indeed if these controls are not painful i. E. Non-invasive, they make it possible to the patient to increase his frequency of glycaemia control or even to control its glycaemia in real time. Such a control decreases substantially the complications associated at this disease. Where come the idea of an original application of the eddy current methods in order to measure without contact the glucose rate in blood. After the sensor realization , a theoretical and modelling study is carried out. For each tests series, the temperature effect, the measurements reproducibility and the sensor resolution are examined. The sensor experimental validation is obtained by carrying out several measures in-vitro. These tests were carried out with an instrumental card designed at the laboratory. Finally, we compare the experimental results with the modelling results
Argod, Jérôme. "Marqueurs corticaux et autonomiques des troubles respiratoires au cours du sommeil : analyse mathématique, conséquences physiologiques et stratégie diagnostique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19004.
Full textBreton, Marc. "Application de méthodes de classification par séries temporelles au diagnostic médical et à la détection de changements statistiques et étude de la robustesse." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECLI0005.
Full textChabiniok, Radomir. "Modélisation biomécanique personnalisée du cœur et applications cliniques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839929.
Full textBouazizi, Emna. "Traitement de signal et modélisation pour l'analyse de la fragmentation du sommeil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0006.
Full textSeveral sleep fragmentation quantifiers have been proposed, such as the Micro--Arousal Index and the sleep fragmentation Index (SFI). However, these indexes are just satisfied with quantifying sleep fragmentation without providing a threshold from which the sleep can be considered as fragmented. From where cornes the necessity to construct a mathematical or/and a numerical model for sleep fragmentation analysis, that can be a diagnosis aid for sleep specialists. Therefore, based on three main sleep characteristics (the Sleep Stages Shifts (SSS), the Micro Arousal Rate (MAR) and the Intra Sleep Awakenings (ISA)) and from a database of 111 PSG, consisting of 55 healthy adults and 56 adult patients with a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and diagnosed by nine clinicians, we have design, for each clinician one mathematical and three computational models in order to modelize his diagnosis. Thus, it is shown that the agreement between each clinician's diagnosis and each corresponding model according to the Cohen's Kappa Index goes from moderate to almost perfect
Al-Chama, Mhd Feras. "Modélisation des effets des réseaux IP sur la transmission des médias haptiques et l'adaptation du téléapprentissage haptique à l'état du réseau." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0005.
Full textLatency, jitter, packet loss are some of the network characteristics which affect haptic transmission, and consequently affect motor or haptic skill tele-transfer (telementoring). As an application, we studied haptic telementoring in virtual surgical environment. The choice of simulator was made from our study of several projects in the surgical field from which we built a platform for surgical simulation, as a basis of our haptic e-learning system. Our study had two main objectives:To determine the optimal network parameters operational zones in haptic telementoring. To model the effect of network lag on the motor skill tele-transfer quality. This model was incorporated in our haptic e-learning platform making it adaptive to network status and ensuring a robust and stable e-learning environment