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Journal articles on the topic 'Cardiac surgery mortality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Geraci, Jane M., Michael L. Johnson, Howard S. Gordon, Nancy J. Petersen, A. Laurie Shroyer, Frederick L. Grover, and Nelda P. Wray. "Mortality After Cardiac Bypass Surgery." Medical Care 43, no. 2 (February 2005): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200502000-00008.

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2

Treasure, Tom. "Mortality in adult cardiac surgery." BMJ 330, no. 7490 (March 3, 2005): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7490.489.

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3

Alario, Jorge Martinez, Ignacio Diaz de Tuesta, Eliseo Plasencia, Meliton Santana, and Maria Luisa Mora. "MORTALITY PREDICTION IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS." Critical Care Medicine 27, Supplement (January 1999): 98A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199901001-00248.

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4

Martínez-Alario, J., I. D. Tuesta, E. Plasencia, M. Santana, and M. L. Mora. "Mortality Prediction in Cardiac Surgery Patients." Circulation 99, no. 18 (May 11, 1999): 2378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2378.

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5

Chowdhury, Ujjwal. "Tracheostomy in Infants after Cardiac Surgery: Indications, Timing and Outcomes." Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 4, no. 10 (May 24, 2021): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/164.

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Objective: There is little consensus on the indications and optimal timing of tracheostomy in the pediatric population. Our primary aim was to determine if early tracheostomy improves patient outcomes (between 10th and 15th postoperative day). Methods: A retrospective review of 84 neonates and infants requiring tracheostomy after cardiac surgery between January 1997 and December 2019 was performed. Indications and timings for tracheostomy, and risk factors for mortality were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Youden’s index, sensitivity and specificity plot were performed to determine the optimal cut-off point of the timing of tracheostomy. Results: Twenty-five (29.76%) neonates and 59 (70.23%) infants with a median weight 7.6 kg (IQR: 3.1-9.25 kg) were studied. Extubation failure and unsuccessful weaning from ventilator occurred in 45 (53.6%) and 39 (46.4%) patients respectively. The timing of tracheostomy of 15 days as the optimal cut-off point was associated with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 84% and a Youden’s index of 0.60. Early tracheostomy was associated with decreased mortality (p<0.001), morbidity (p<0.001), decreased duration of ventilation (p<0.001), ICU length of stay (p<0.001) and decreased time of decannulation (p<0.001). The hazard of death was 5.26 times (95% CI: 1.47-20.36) higher in patients undergoing late tracheostomy. At a median follow-up of 166 (IQR: 82.5-216) months, the actuarial survival was 86.61%±0.04%. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy within 15th postoperative day was associated with lower perioperative and late mortality, morbidity and ICU stay compared with tracheostomy between 15-30 days, and confers significant long-term advantages.

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6

Swinkels, B. M., and H. W. Plokker. "Evaluating operative mortality of cardiac surgery: first define operative mortality." Netherlands Heart Journal 18, no. 7 (July 2010): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03091788.

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7

Ivanov, Joan, and Richard D. Weisel. "Adult cardiac surgery mortality and morbidity program." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 15, no. 2 (February 1990): A271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(90)92798-7.

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8

Ballenger, J. C. "Depression Predicts Mortality Following Cardiac Valve Surgery." Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2006 (January 2006): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70251-2.

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9

Bignami, Elena, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Giovanni Landoni, Oliviero Fochi, Valentina Testa, Imad Sheiban, Francesco Giunta, and Alberto Zangrillo. "Volatile Anesthetics Reduce Mortality in Cardiac Surgery." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23, no. 5 (October 2009): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2009.01.022.

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10

QUINN, KARL P. "Mortality of Gastrointestinal Complication After Cardiac Surgery." Archives of Surgery 122, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400200107022.

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11

Breuer, T., A. Székely, E. Sápi, K. Zupán, E. Székely, B. Héthársi, J. Till, and A. Szatmári. "Hyperglycaemia and mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22, Supplement 35 (June 2005): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200506001-00074.

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12

George, S. J. "Anaesthetists' contribution to mortality after cardiac surgery." Anaesthesia 71, no. 5 (April 12, 2016): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13474.

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13

Ho, P. Michael, Frederick A. Masoudi, John A. Spertus, Pamela N. Peterson, A. Laurie Shroyer, Martin McCarthy, Frederick L. Grover, Karl E. Hammermeister, and John S. Rumsfeld. "Depression Predicts Mortality Following Cardiac Valve Surgery." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 79, no. 4 (April 2005): 1255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.09.047.

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14

Chor, Cheryl Yan Ting, Saira Mahmood, Inayat Hussain Khan, Manasi Shirke, and Amer Harky. "Gastrointestinal complications following cardiac surgery." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 28, no. 9 (August 10, 2020): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492320949084.

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Gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery may be uncommon but they carry high mortality rates. Incidences range from 0.5% to 5.5%, while mortality rates of such complications vary from 0.3% to 87%. They range from small gastrointestinal bleeds, ileus, and pancreatitis to life-threatening complications such as liver failure and ischemic bowel. Due to the vague and often absence of specific signs and symptoms, diagnosis of a gastrointestinal complication is often late. This article aims to review and summarize the literature concerning gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery. We discuss the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, preventative measures, and management of these complications. In general, risk factor identification, preventive measures, early diagnosis, and swift management are the keys to reducing the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications and their associated morbidity and mortality.

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15

Lin, Matthew, Jason Haukoos, Amir Tahernia, and Christian De Virgilio. "Cardiac Morbidity and Mortality after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Carcinomas." American Surgeon 71, no. 10 (October 2005): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480507101008.

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The number of Americans undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing, as is the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Clinical risk factors have been found to be useful in predicting cardiac events after vascular procedures. Their utility for predicting cardiac events after GI carcinoma surgery is unclear. We performed a retrospective review in order to determine whether clinical risk factors are useful in predicting cardiac events in patients undergoing GI carcinoma surgery and to ascertain the incidence of postoperative cardiac events. From 1998 to 2003, 333 patients were identified, with an average age of 56 years. One hundred one (30.3%) patients had one or more clinical risk factors. The overall cardiac event rate was 3.9 per cent. Age >70 years was the only risk factor associated with a cardiac event. There was a trend toward increased cardiac risk with increasing number of risk factors. In the absence of clinical risk factors, cardiac events after surgery for GI carcinoma are low. There is an increased cardiac risk in patients >70 years and a trend toward increased cardiac events as the number of clinical risk factors increases.

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16

Elhamshary, Mustafa, Amro Serag, Mohab Sabry, and Wael Elfeky. "Outcome Prediction After Open Heart Surgery." Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35810/ects.v1i1.6.

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Abstract: Background: Mortality is the most commonly used outcome measure after cardiac surgery. Various risk scores were developed to predict mortality after cardiac surgery with many differences among these scores. We evaluated the accuracy of Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) in predicting mortality in our patient population. Methods: Between October 2015 and December 2017, 103 adult patients who underwent open heart surgery were evaluated. The clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk scores data of the patients were collected. Accuracy of the scores was assessed using receiver operating curve (ROC) and the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: 103 patients were enrolled with mortality rate of 10.3%. The non-survivors group showed statistically significant lower E.F, higher platelet count, higher bilirubin level and lower Po2 level (P value: 0.015, 0.020, 0.038, 0.006) respectively. Both APACHE II and SOFA scores performed better than CASUS score in predicting mortality in this study. However, APACHE II score (Area Under Curve “AUC”:0.878, sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 78.5%) and the preoperative platelet count independently predicted mortality after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: Both APACHE II and SOFA scores showed a high power in predicting mortality after cardiac surgery but APACHE II score rises as the best tool for risk stratification in our patient population. Keywords: Mortality; Cardiac surgery; Risk scores.

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17

Deppe, Antje Christin, Thorsten C. W. Wahlers, Carolyn Weber, Matthias Esser, Kaveh Eghbalzadeh, Anton Sabashnikov, Ilija Djordjevic, et al. "Levosimendan Reduces Mortality and Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Cardiac Surgery." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 68, no. 05 (November 26, 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400496.

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Abstract Background There has been conflicting evidence concerning the effect of levosimendan on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and conducted this meta-analysis to provide evidence for/against the administration of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients. Methods We performed a meta-analysis from literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials comparing the administration of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients with a control group (other inotrope, standard therapy/placebo, or an intra-aortic balloon pump) were included. In addition, at least one clinical outcome had to be mentioned: mortality, myocardial infarction, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, atrial fibrillation, prolonged inotropic support, length of intensive care unit, and hospital stay. The pooled treatment effects (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were assessed using a fixed or random effects model. Results The literature search retrieved 27 randomized, controlled trials involving a total of 3,198 patients. Levosimendan led to a significant reduction in mortality (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91; p = 0.0087). Furthermore, the incidence of LCOS (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42–0.75; p < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46–0.86; p = 0.0039), and renal replacement therapy (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50–0.98; p = 0.0332) was significantly decreased in the levosimendan group. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests beneficial effects for the prophylactic use of levosimendan in patients with severely impaired left ventricular function undergoing cardiac surgery. The administration of levosimendan was associated with a reduced mortality, less LCOS, and restored adequate organ perfusion reflected in less acute kidney injury.

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18

McCormack, David, Adam El-Gamel, Cheyaanthan Haran, Paul Conaglen, Nand Kejriwal, Zaw Lin, Nick Odom, Grant Parkinson, Adrian Levine, and Tom O’Rourke. "Mortality From Cardiac Arrest After Cardiac Surgery: What Can be Done?" Heart, Lung and Circulation 27 (2018): S525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2018.04.066.

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19

Escudero-Sánchez, Rosa, S. Scarleth Mendoza Lizardo, Elena Batlle López, Carolina Campelo Gutierrez, Juan Emilio Losa García, and María Velasco Arribas. "Impact of surgery on the mortality of infective endocarditis in a hospital without cardiac surgery." Revista Española de Quimioterapia 33, no. 6 (October 13, 2020): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37201/req/005.2020.

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Background. Infective endocarditis has a high morbidity and mortality and requires a coordinated medical-surgical management. The objective was to analyse the impact of surgery on mortality in a hospital without cardiac surgery. Material and methods. Evaluation of a prospective cohort of patients with infective endocarditis diagnosed between August 2011 and January 2016 according to modified Duke’s criteria. Results. Sixty-four patients were included, of whom seventeen patients were operated (26.6%). Mortality was 32.8% and it was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history, staphylococci coagulase-negative and the appearance of complications, as valvular insufficiency and embolisms in the central nervous system; cardiac surgery was not associated with mortality. Four patients (6,6%) were not operated despite indication of cardiac surgery. The main reason for not been intervened was the poor presurgical prognosis (44.7%). Conclusions. Mortality due to infective endocarditis in a hospital without cardiac surgery is high. The need for interhospital teams is strengthened.

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20

Martinez, E. A. "Quality improvement program decreases mortality after cardiac surgery." Yearbook of Critical Care Medicine 2009 (January 2009): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-3299(08)79179-2.

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21

Bratton, S. L. "Case Load and Mortality in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery." AAP Grand Rounds 18, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.18-2-17.

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22

Wallace, Arthur W., Daniel Galindez, Ali Salahieh, Beth Layug, and Eleanor Lazo Felipe. "Prophylactic Clonidine Reduces Mortality after Non-Cardiac Surgery." Anesthesiology 96, Sup 2 (September 2002): A247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209002-00247.

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23

Stamou, Sotiris C., Sara L. Camp, Robert M. Stiegel, Mark K. Reames, Eric Skipper, Larry T. Watts, Marcy Nussbaum, Francis Robicsek, and Kevin W. Lobdell. "Quality improvement program decreases mortality after cardiac surgery." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 136, no. 2 (August 2008): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.08.081.

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24

Atik, Fernando A. "Quality improvement program decreases mortality after cardiac surgery." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 138, no. 1 (July 2009): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.03.047.

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25

ECOCHARD, R. "Fair comparison of mortality data following cardiac surgery." Heart 84, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.84.1.5.

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26

Takagi, Hisato, and Takuya Umemoto. "Levosimendan Does Not Reduce Mortality in Cardiac Surgery." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25, no. 3 (June 2011): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2010.06.011.

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27

WELLING, RICHARD E. "Mortality of Gastrointestinal Complication After Cardiac Surgery-Reply." Archives of Surgery 122, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400200107023.

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28

Landoni, Giovanni, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Teresa Greco, Massimiliano Greco, and Alberto Zangrillo. "Response: Does Levosimendan Reduce Mortality in Cardiac Surgery?" Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25, no. 3 (June 2011): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2010.10.005.

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29

Dixon, B., J. Santamaria, D. Campbell, M. Yii, A. Newcomb, A. Rosalion, D. Reid, and M. Collins. "Chest Tube Bleeding and Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery." Heart, Lung and Circulation 19 (January 2010): S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.567.

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30

Adabag, A. Selcuk, Heba S. Wassif, Kathryn Rice, Salima Mithani, Deborah Johnson, Jana Bonawitz-Conlin, Herbert B. Ward, Edward O. McFalls, Michael A. Kuskowski, and Rosemary F. Kelly. "Preoperative pulmonary function and mortality after cardiac surgery." American Heart Journal 159, no. 4 (April 2010): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.039.

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31

Zacny, Jordan, Scott Beattie, Vlad Dzavik, Terrence Yau, and Keyvan Karkouti. "Coronary artery stents and mortality after cardiac surgery." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 55, S1 (June 2008): 4746601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03016454.

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32

Gogayeva, O. K., A. V. Rudenko, and V. V. Lazoryshynets. "Risk stratification in patients with coronary heart disease before cardiac surgery." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 88, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2021.1-2.28.

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Objective. To analyse the risk stratification effectiveness for calculators EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II, STS in patients with ischemic disease before cardiac surgery. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data was conducted from randomized 194 patients with coronary artery disease who were discharged from the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery after coronary artery bypass surgery in the period 2009 - 2019. An average age of patients was (64.2 ± 8.9). In all patients clinical and laboratory studies, echocardiography, electrocardiography, coronary angiography as well as surgical revascularization were conducted. Preoperative risk stratification was performed using three available calculators Euro SCORE I, EuroSCORE II and STS. Results. There was no mortality in the study group of patients, while the predicted surgical mortality on the EuroSCORE I scale was 25.02%, EuroSCORE II - 7.78%, STS - 2.84%. According to the results of twenty years period of the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in the surgical treatment of coronary heart disease in more than 15,000 patients, mortality from coronary heart disease was less than 0.6%, which is much less than the predicted mortality rates. Conclusions. Prior to surgery, risk stratification of patients should be performed on appropriate scales to understand their baseline status. The EuroSCORE II scale is optimal for use in modern cardiac surgery. Surgery in patients with a high estimated risk (EuroSCORE II> 5%) should be performed by an experienced cardiac surgeon with more than 10 years of cardiac surgery experience.

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Clarke, David R., Francois Lacour-Gayet, Jeffrey Phillip Jacobs, Marshall L. Jacobs, Bohdan Maruszewski, Christian Pizarro, Fred H. Edwards, and Constantine Mavroudis. "The assessment of complexity in congenital cardiac surgery based on objective data." Cardiology in the Young 18, S2 (December 2008): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951108002850.

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AbstractWhen designed in 2000, the Aristotle Complexity Score was entirely based on subjective probability. This approach, based on the opinion of experts, was considered a good solution due to the limited amount of data available. In 2008, the next generation of the complexity score will be based on observed data available from over 100,000 congenital cardiac operations currently gathered in the congenital cardiac surgery databases of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.A mortality score is created based on 70,000 surgeries harvested in the congenital databases of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. It is derived from 118 congenital cardiovascular operations, representing 91% of the operations and including 97% of the patients. This Mortality Index of the new Aristotle Complexity Score could further be stratified into 5 levels with minimal within-group variation and maximal between-group variation, and may contribute to the planned unification of the Aristotle Complexity Score with the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery system.Similarly, a score quantifying morbidity risk is created. Due to the progress of congenital cardiac surgery, the mortality is today reduced to an average of 4%. No instrument currently exists to measure the quality of care delivered to the survivors representing 96% of the patients. An objective assessment of morbidity was needed. The Morbidity Index, based on 50,000 operations gathered in the congenital databases of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, is derived from 117 congenital cardiovascular operations representing 90% of the operations and including 95% of the patients. This morbidity indicator is calculated on an algorithm based on length of stay in the hospital and time on the ventilator.The mortality and morbidity indicators will be part of the next generation of the complexity score, which will be named the Aristotle Average Complexity Score. It will be based on the sum of mortality, morbidity, and subjective technical difficulty. The introduction of objective data in assessment of mortality and morbidity in congenital cardiac surgery is a significant step forward, which should allow a better evaluation of the complexity of the operations performed by a given centre or surgeon.

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Benedetto, Umberto, Shubhra Sinha, Matt Lyon, Arnaldo Dimagli, Tom R. Gaunt, Gianni Angelini, and Jonathan Sterne. "Can machine learning improve mortality prediction following cardiac surgery?" European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 58, no. 6 (August 18, 2020): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa229.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES Interest in the clinical usefulness of machine learning for risk prediction has bloomed recently. Cardiac surgery patients are at high risk of complications and therefore presurgical risk assessment is of crucial relevance. We aimed to compare the performance of machine learning algorithms over traditional logistic regression (LR) model to predict in-hospital mortality following cardiac surgery. METHODS A single-centre data set of prospectively collected information from patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery from 1996 to 2017 was split into 70% training set and 30% testing set. Prediction models were developed using neural network, random forest, naive Bayes and retrained LR based on features included in the EuroSCORE. Discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration analysis was undertaken using the calibration belt method. Model calibration drift was assessed by comparing Goodness of fit χ2 statistics observed in 2 equal bins from the testing sample ordered by procedure date. RESULTS A total of 28 761 cardiac procedures were performed during the study period. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.7%. Retrained LR [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.83] and random forest model (0.80; 95% CI 0.76–0.83) showed the best discrimination. All models showed significant miscalibration. Retrained LR proved to have the weakest calibration drift. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that machine learning methods provide advantage over LR model in predicting operative mortality after cardiac surgery.

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Martinez, E. A. "A Method to Evaluate Cardiac Surgery Mortality: Phase of Care Mortality Analysis." Yearbook of Critical Care Medicine 2012 (January 2012): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yccm.2011.12.055.

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Shannon, Francis L., Frank L. Fazzalari, Patricia F. Theurer, Gail F. Bell, Kathleen M. Sutcliffe, and Richard L. Prager. "A Method to Evaluate Cardiac Surgery Mortality: Phase of Care Mortality Analysis." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 93, no. 1 (January 2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.057.

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37

Mokhtar, Ahmed T., Jahanara Begum, Karen J. Buth, and Jean-Francois Legare. "Cardiac troponin T is an important predictor of mortality after cardiac surgery." Journal of Critical Care 38 (April 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.10.011.

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38

Rebolledo, Michael A., T. K. Susheel Kumar, James B. Tansey, Bill Pickens, Jerry Allen, H. Jane Hanafin, Umar S. Boston, and Christopher J. Knott-Craig. "Single Institution Experience With International Referrals for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 11, no. 6 (November 2020): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135120937230.

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Background: Pediatric cardiac surgery in developing countries poses many challenges. The practice of referring patients from abroad via nongovernmental organizations has occurred for many years. We describe our experience with international referrals for pediatric cardiac surgery via Gift of Life Mid-South to the Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive review of data collected in our Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS CHSD) along with data from our electronic medical record from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017. Available data included patient demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedure, entire inpatient length of stay (LOS), complications, and operative mortality. Cardiac surgeries were grouped according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons–European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Categories (STAT Mortality Categories). Complications were defined according to the STS CHSD. Results: In this retrospective descriptive study, case complexity level varied; however, 38% cardiac surgeries were in STAT Mortality Category 3 or 4. Honduras was the most common referral source with a total of 18 countries represented. Operative mortality remained very low (1 [1.4%] of 71 cardiac surgeries) despite patients being referred beyond infancy. There were an increasing number of complications and longer inpatient LOS (with greater variance) in STAT Mortality Category 4. Conclusions: International patients referred for congenital heart surgery can be successfully treated with an acceptable mortality rate despite late referrals. Inpatient LOS is related to surgical complexity. Follow-up studies are needed to determine the long-term outcomes of these patients.

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Waqar, T., and M. Z. A. Ansari. "Primary causes of In-Hospital Mortality in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561452.

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Objective: To present primary causes of in-hospital mortality in large surgical population who underwent surgical correction for CHDs for the period of a decade at our institute. Methods: Retrospective analysis of pediatric cardiac surgery database along with decision of morbidity and mor-tality meeting at Department of Cardiac Surgery at CPE Institute of Cardiology from January 2009 to April 2021. Results: An overall 3705 patient underwent surgery for CHDs. The in-hospital mortality for CHDs surgery is 2.37% with RV dysfunction, Residual cardiac defect with valve dysfunction (TR/PR), pulmonary hypertensive complication, mediastinal bleeding, cardiac tamponade, respiratory complication, MODs, heart block as major primary cause of in-hospital mortality with frequency of 15.91%, 18.18%, 18.18%,18.18%,9.09%,10.23%, 4.54% and 4.54% respectively. Conclusion: in our population of 3705 congenital cardiac surgery patients, incidence of overall in-hospital mortali-ty is promising for wide range of CHDs. RV dysfunction, residual RV defects with vale regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, bleeding complications and respiratory failure are major primary causes of in-hospital mortality. Keywords: In-hospital Mortality, Atrial septal defect (ASD), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), Ventricular septal defect

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40

Gencpinar, Tugra, Umut Ayoglu, Muzaffer Yilmaz, Kadir Sagdic, and Mustafa Emmiler. "Octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery: resource utilization, mortality and morbidity." Journal-Cardiovascular Surgery 2, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcvs.2014421.

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Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Saverio Paulo Laurito Gagliardi, Jose Luiz Santos Nogueira, Lídia Marques Silveira, Enrico Antônio Colosimo, and Carlos Armando Lopes do Nascimento. "Mortality related to cardiac surgery in Brazil, 2000-2003." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 131, no. 4 (April 2006): 907–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.11.022.

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Ramsay, Sarah. "Stroke contributes to women's higher mortality after cardiac surgery." Lancet 357, no. 9266 (May 2001): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04627-4.

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Curiel-Balsera, Emilio, Juan M. Mora-Ordoñez, Encarnacion Castillo-Lorente, Josele Benitez-Parejo, Angel Herruzo-Avilés, Juan J. Ravina-Sanz, Miguel Alvarez-Bueno, and Ricardo Rivera-Fernandez. "Mortality and complications in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery." Journal of Critical Care 28, no. 4 (August 2013): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.12.011.

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Graham, T. P. "Current Assessment of Mortality Rates in Congenital Cardiac Surgery." Yearbook of Cardiology 2007 (January 2007): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-4145(08)70095-9.

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Bridgewater, B., G. L. Hickey, G. Cooper, J. Deanfield, and J. Roxburgh. "Publishing cardiac surgery mortality rates: lessons for other specialties." BMJ 346, feb28 2 (February 28, 2013): f1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f1139.

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Kayyali, Andrea. "Nurses’ Influence Over Pediatric Mortality in Cardiac Surgery Patients." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 114, no. 3 (March 2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000444498.31852.0c.

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Blasco-Colmenares, Elena, Trish Perl, Luca Vricella, Diane Alejo, William Baumgartner, and Nauder Faraday. "TYPE OF WOUND INFECTION AND MORTALITY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY." Critical Care Medicine 33 (December 2005): A158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200512002-00558.

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Xue, Fu Shan, Shi Yu Wang, and Gao Pu Liu. "Association of Renal Dysfunction With Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery." Critical Care Medicine 43, no. 2 (February 2015): e49-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000000738.

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Bolsin, S. "Mortality and volume of cases in paediatric cardiac surgery." BMJ 324, no. 7345 (May 4, 2002): 1095a—1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7345.1095/a.

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Moazami, Nader, Marc R. Moon, Michael K. Pasque, Jennifer S. Lawton, Marci S. Bailey, and Ralph J. Damiano. "Morbidity and Mortality of Cardiac Surgery Following Renal Transplantation." Journal of Cardiac Surgery 21, no. 3 (May 2006): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2005.00129.x.

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