Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cardiac Functional Assessment

Academic literature on the topic 'Cardiac Functional Assessment'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cardiac Functional Assessment"

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Waksmonski, Carol A. "Cardiac imaging and functional assessment in pregnancy." Seminars in Perinatology 38, no. 5 (August 2014): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2014.04.012.

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Arnott, A. S. "Assessment of functional capacity in cardiac rehabilitation." Coronary Health Care 1, no. 1 (February 1997): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1362-3265(97)80037-5.

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Rubin, Daniel S. "Functional status assessment for preoperative cardiac risk prediction." International Anesthesiology Clinics 59, no. 1 (October 28, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aia.0000000000000305.

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Pepin, Veronique, Wayne T. Phillips, and Pamela D. Swan. "Functional Fitness Assessment of Older Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 2004): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200401000-00007.

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Redder, Elyse, Qiuhong Zhao, Naresh Bumma, Rami Kahwash, Ajay Vallakati, Courtney Campbell, Samir Parikh, et al. "Functional Impairments of Amyloidosis Patients: Physical Therapy Assessment." Hemato 3, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hemato3030028.

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Amyloidosis is a rare, systemic disease that can result in significant functional impairment. Specific guidelines for the rehabilitation assessment of amyloidosis patients have yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to identify functional deficits and assess differences based on disease type, organ involvement, age, and gender of patients with amyloidosis. Materials and Methods: The multidisciplinary Comprehensive Amyloidosis Clinic (CAC) at Ohio State University (OSU) has developed structured assessment guidelines for amyloidosis patients. A retrospective, single-institution review of patients assessed in CAC between December 2017 and April 2020 was performed. Outcome measure data from the Timed Up and Go (TUG), 30 s sit-to-stand, and physical function portion of the SF 36 were gathered by chart review. Comparisons were made between CAC patient scores and normative data. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare scores across the disease types (light chain, transthyretin wild-type, and hereditary variant transthyretin) and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons within disease types and cardiac involvement. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between patient characteristics (including age, gender, disease type, and cardiac involvement) and performance scores. Results: Data from sixty-four patients was evaluated. On the 30-s sit-to-stand test, patients with light chain amyloidosis performed 3.32 fewer repetitions than patients with transthyretin wild-type, p = 0.03. Patients with cardiac involvement had 2.55 fewer repetitions than patients without cardiac involvement, p = 0.03. Older patients were found to have slower TUG performance, and a 10-year increase in age was associated with an 11% increase in TUG scores. Conclusions: Findings indicate patients with light chain amyloidosis and patients with cardiac involvement, when compared to other amyloidosis patients, present with more physical impairments.
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Hameed, A., J. B. MacLeod, A. M. Yip, C. Aguiar, A. Adisesh, C. D. Brown, R. Forgie, and A. Hassan. "ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IN PATIENTS FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY." Canadian Journal of Cardiology 32, no. 10 (October 2016): S114—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.168.

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Coyne, Karin S., and Jerilyn K. Allen. "Assessment of functional status in patients with cardiac disease." Heart & Lung 27, no. 4 (July 1998): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-9563(98)90038-3.

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Kolbitsch, Christoph, Claudia Prieto, and Tobias Schaeffter. "Cardiac functional assessment without electrocardiogram using physiological self‐navigation." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 71, no. 3 (April 8, 2013): 942–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24735.

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Manabe, Osamu, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, and Nagara Tamaki. "Positron emission tomography/MRI for cardiac diseases assessment." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1113 (September 1, 2020): 20190836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190836.

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Functional imaging tools have emerged in the last few decades and are increasingly used to assess the function of the human heart in vivo. Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to evaluate myocardial metabolism and blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for morphological and functional evaluation of the heart. In cardiology, PET is successfully combined with CT for hybrid cardiac imaging. The effective integration of two imaging modalities allows simultaneous data acquisition combining functional, structural and molecular imaging. After PET/CT has been successfully accepted for clinical practices, hybrid PET/MRI is launched. This review elaborates the current evidence of PET/MRI in cardiovascular imaging and its expected clinical applications for a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular diseases while highlighting the advantages and limitations of this hybrid imaging approach.
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Veitla, Vineet, and Bhavna Bhasin. "Focused Cardiac Assessment in Kidney Care." POCUS Journal 7, Kidney (February 1, 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7ikidney.14996.

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Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is considered to be a very useful and informative extension of the bedside physical exam. The information obtained from POCUS allows for real time assessment for expedited decision making to improve efficiency in patient care and management. Many programs across the country are now incorporating POCUS into their training schedules to allow their residents, fellows, and faculty to gain competence in the techniques and varied clinical uses of POCUS [1-3]. In nephrology, POCUS has been used at the bedside for access planning, dialysis catheter placement, and to guide kidney biopsies to mention a few applications [4]. There is a wide scope for POCUS in nephrology in addition to kidney and bladder assessment. This includes focused cardiac ultrasound to evaluate the heart for structural and functional abnormalities and lung ultrasound as well. These bedside ultrasound assessments help with point of care management decisions pertaining to volume assessment in acute and chronic kidney disease, adjustment of ultrafiltration goals in dialysis patients, and evaluation of hypotension and dyspnea.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cardiac Functional Assessment"

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Puyol, Anton Esther. "A multimodal spatiotemporal atlas for cardiac functional assessment." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-multimodal-spatiotemporal-atlas-for-cardiac-functional-assessment(7c37e366-728b-4cb0-bffc-33f467c67354).html.

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The estimation of cardiac motion is an important aid in the quantification of the contractility and function of the left ventricular myocardium, as well in detect-ing cardiovascular disease. A statistical cardiac motion atlas provides a space in which the motions of a cohort of subjects can be directly compared. Statistical atlases have been proposed for characterising abnormal cardiac motion, as well as for detecting suspected disease as early as possible. Typically, such atlases are formed and applied using data from the same modality, e.g. cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) or 3D ultrasound (US). This thesis proposes a new pipeline to build a multi-modal cardiac atlas from both MR and US data. The hypothesis is that such an atlas will benefit from the synergies between the motion features derived from the two modalities. The processing pipeline of the multimodal motion atlas formation initially involves normalisation of subjects’ cardiac geometry and motion both spatially and over time, and extraction of motion descriptors, i.e. displacements. This step was accomplished following a similar pipeline proposed by other authors for single modality atlas formation. The main novelty of this project lies in the use of a dimensionality reduction algorithm to simultaneously reduce the dimension-ality of both the MR and US derived motion data. Three di ̇erent dimensional-ity reduction algorithms were investigated: Principal component analysis (PCA), Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and Partial least squares regression (PLS). A leave-one-out cross validation was employed to quantify the accuracy of the three algorithms. Results show that Partial least squares regression resulted in lower errors, with a reconstruction error less than 2.5 mm for MR-derived motion data, and less than 3 mm for US-derived motion data. The second part of the project aims to describe a diagnostic pipeline which uses as input only US data, but is at the same time informed by a training database of multimodal MR and US data. To this end, the previous multi-modal cardiac motion atlas is used together with multi-view machine learning algorithms to combine and extract the most meaningful cardiac descriptors for classification using only US data. More specifically, two algorithms are proposed: multi-view linear discriminant analysis (MLDA) and multi-view Laplacian sup-port vector machines (MvLapSVM). Furthermore, a novel regional multi-view approach is proposed to exploit the regional relationships between the two modal-ities. The proposed pipeline is evaluated on the classification task of discrimi-nating between normals and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Results show that the use of multi-view classifiers together with a cardiac motion atlas results in a statistically significant improvement in accuracy compared to classification without the multimodal atlas. The highest accuracy for the global approach was achieved with the MvLapSVM algorithm and was 93.78%. In the regional case the highest accuracy was 95.78% using MvLapSVM. Finally, the framework is extended to integrate automatically estimated strain values, and the strain values are used to validate the proposed pipeline for at-las formation and identification of DCM patients. Results show similar patterns using displacement and strain values. However, strain values consistently have slightly higher errors than displacement values. Overall, I expect that the work presented in this thesis will have a significant impact on the assessment of cardiac function by enabling the exploitation of complementary information from multiple imaging modalities.
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Finnemore, Anna. "Quantitative assessment and functional correlates of cardiac mechanics and energetics in newborn infants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25281.

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Introduction: As preterm birth and survival rates continue to rise, circulatory failure remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Structural and functional variations in circulatory physiology within the preterm population have been described, secondary to pre and post natal factors. This study applied magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess cardiac function; analysed suitable techniques for indexing functional parameters by body size and applied a novel method of body composition quantification to investigate the impact of varying growth patterns on cardiac measures. Methods: Steady state free precession MRI imaging was used to analyse cardiac function in 78 preterm neonates. Analysis techniques were validated by comparison to phase contrast measures in 40 infants. Current methods of indexing for body size were compared. A modified DIXON whole body MRI scan utilising chemical shift was validated in phantoms and in vivo and successfully applied to 20 infants to assess adipose tissue content. Results: Validation of acquisition and analysis techniques demonstrated an acceptable level of accuracy. Functional measures indexed by body weight generally decreased with increasing corrected gestational age but patterns were altered when indexed by body surface area. Allometric transformation did not significantly improve correlation between size and function. Full body MDIXON scans demonstrated variations in body fat percentage of between 15 and 25%. Indexing cardiac function by lean body mass gave differing trends to total weight. Conclusions: Analysis of cardiac function in preterm neonates using MRI can be used to describe normative ranges and causes of variation for functional parameters. However, until an appropriate indexing technique for body size can be determined, the impact of pre and post natal factors cannot be fully understood. Analysis of body composition using MRI imaging may present a new indexing technique and allow us to investigate the effects of different growth patterns on cardiac function.
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Dreyer, Liezel Ann. "Current practices in cardiac rehabilitation : implications for scope of rehabilitation and assessment of functional capacity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2750.

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Pepera, Garyfallia K. "Assessments of functional capacity in cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536959.

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Chan-Dewar, Fang. "Cardiac mechanics and activation delay in the assessment of exercise-induced changes in cardiac function." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549431.

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Brookes, Carl I. O. "The evaluation and assessment of right ventricular function using conductance catheters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326042.

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Scott-Park, Freda Marion. "Quantitative assessment of the cardiac function in dogs using the apexcardiogram." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29988.

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Grigorescu, Fredriksson Alexandru. "Blood flow specific assessment of ventricular function : Visualization and quantification using 4D flow CMR." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143417.

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The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance.   The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis.   Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow. From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE).   The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III, 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components.   In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I, the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II, the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs.   With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV, the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR.   4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
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McIntosh, Robert A. "Novel contractility assessments in the evaluation of cardiac function : applications to common clinical practice and cardiac device therapy." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.754069.

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Background Commonly employed assessments of systolic cardiac function are limited by their emphasis on two-dimensional assessment of chamber volume or dimension at end-systole and end- diastole. Such measures are poorly reproducible and are sensitive to limitations in image quality and changes in haemodynamic loading. In performing examinations only at rest, we also fail to assess the ability of the myocardium to augment in its contraction. These limitations may explain why such assessments often correlate poorly with patient symptoms and exercise capacity. By developing enhanced assessment techniques we may improve the relevance of our investigations and allow for detection of cardiac disease at an earlier stage than is currently possible. Methods Standard echocardiographic measures of systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) and cardiac output (CO)); measures of left ventricular contractility obtained by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler examination (LV Vmax) and measures of contractility derived from sensor-derived peak-endocardial acceleration (PEA1) or closed loop (CLS) assessments were obtained during rest, exercise and/or dobutamine stress. Groups studied included healthy subjects, patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFREF), subjects undergoing mitral valve repair, patients with implanted cardiac devices and subjects with persistent atrial fibrillation. During exercise assessments, cardiopulmonary gas exchange analysis was performed allowing for calculation of peak oxygen uptake (pVCh). PEA1 and femoral artery dP/dTmax measures were also obtained in subjects undergoing invasive electrophysiology studies in both sinus rhythm and during arrhythmia. Results In a resting comparison between heart failure (N=20) and healthy control subjects (N=10), both LVEF (P=<0.01) and LV Vmax (P=<0.01) were significantly lower in the heart failure population. There was no difference in resting PEA measures between the groups. During exercise significant differences in LVEF (P=<0.01), LV Vmax (P=<0.01), LVOT VTI (P=<0.01), CO (P=<0.01) and PEA1 (P=<0.01) were identified. LV Vmax during both rest (R=0.535, P=0.006) and exercise (R=0.774, P=<0.001) was the parameter most strongly related to pVO2. There was no significant relationship between pVO2 and any other resting contractility parameter. Of other parameters on exercise, only LVEF (R=0.412 P=0.04) and change in PEA1 (R=0.409, P=0.04) showed a significant association with pVO2. In 10 subjects undergoing mitral valve repair, no PEA1 or echocardiographic contractility parameter during either rest or stress was significantly related to postoperative functional outcome as judged by change in pVO2 post-operatively. Change in LV Vmax (R=0.61, P=0.08) and change in PEA1 amplitude (R=0.6, P=0.09) during dobutamine stress displayed non­significant associations with post-operative change in pVO2. During invasive electrophysiology assessment in 57 subjects, change in PEA amplitude was found to be significantly related to change in femoral artery dP/dtmax during rhythm transition from sinus rhythm to both supraventricular tachycardia (R=0.52, P=0.069) and atrial fibrillation (R=0.68, P=0.005). PEA data extraction was not possible during rapid ventricular tachycardia (heart rate 255 ± 89bpm) due to described methodological constraints. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic VTI was conducted in 19 patients during cardiac resynchronisation therapy in states of rest, low-level exercise and atrial overdrive pacing. The effect of adjustment in atrio-ventricular (AV) and ventriculo-ventricular (VV) delay on mean aortic VTI was examined. There was substantial inter-subject variability in the haemodynamic response to adjustment of AV and VV delay within each state. Assessed across all states of testing, adjustment in VV delay was found to have no consistent independent impact on aortic VTI. Across all states adjustment in AV delay was found to have a significant independent impact on aortic VTI (P=0.02) with long (166±39ms) and medium (120±21ms) AV delays being associated with a higher AoVTI compared to short (78±8 ms) AV delays. In 22 atrio-ventricular (AV) node-ablated and paced subjects, tissue Doppler-derived electromechanical delay following a right ventricular pacing stimulus was assessed in relation to the CLS contractility waveform. At both three (R=0.518, P=0.019) and twelve months of follow-up (R=0.457, P=0.049), there was a significant association between electromechanical delay and the time between pacing stimulus delivery to trough CLS impedance. An analysis of 101 subjects undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise echocardiography included subjects from a range of cardiac patient groups. Of the echocardiographic parameters assessed, pVO2 was strongly related to LV Vmax on exertion (R=0.84, P < 0.001). The strength of this relationship was greater than that observed with any other echocardiographic measure of cardiac function either during rest or during exercise. Conclusion Of the echocardiographic measures of cardiac function that were assessed, LV Vmax was more strongly related to exercise capacity than any other assessment of systolic function. Examination on exertion increased the strength of the relationship and LV Vmax on exertion was the best echocardiographic indicator of functional capacity. Contractility data derived from the PEA and CLS sensors provides a means to incorporate haemodynamic measures of cardiac function into implantable device diagnostic monitoring or treatment algorithms. Such sensor-derived assessments may assist in improving technology in areas such as contractility monitoring, arrhythmia discrimination or pacing-interval optimisation.
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Fonseca, Carissa Grace. "Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with three dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5715.

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Measurement of diastolic left ventricular (LV) function is vitally important in the assessment of cardiac disease. However, only limited information on tissue function can be obtained with current clinical techniques. This Thesis developed and investigated novel parameters of both global and regional myocardial function, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with three-dimensional tissue tagging. Multidirectional peak myocardial shortening strains and strain rates, as well as the peak systolic displacement and velocity of the mitral valve annulus plane (MVP), were considered as parameters of LV systolic function. The corresponding peak diastolic strain relaxation rates and peak diastolic MVP velocity were used to assess diastolic function. The effects of normal ageing were studied in people with no evidence of cardiac disease, and compared with the effects of disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In normal healthy subjects, systolic strain parameters were preserved, while diastolic parameters were impaired, with age. DM patients showed impaired diastolic function on correction for age, and systolic functional parameters were also impaired, even though LV ejection fraction was normal. MVP systolic and diastolic motion were reduced both with age and in DM patients. Systolic LV torsion was increased with age and in DM, with no corresponding increase in torsional relaxation. Both systolic and diastolic function parameters were regionally heterogeneous. With normal ageing, diastolic function was impaired in a regionally non-uniform manner. Thus, a complete assessment of LV function requires measurement of LV tissue mechanics as well as chamber haemodynamics. MRI provides valuable information regarding myocardial tissue behaviour, contributing to systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction, which cannot be obtained otherwise. Systolic tissue dysfunction may develop concomitantly in patients with diastolic dysfunction, even when global ejection fraction is preserved. Regional analyses provide important information on how local changes contribute to global function. The influence of age must be taken into account in studies of disease.
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Books on the topic "Cardiac Functional Assessment"

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Stanford, William, Healthstream, and MD Stanford William. Functional Cardiac Imaging: Assessment of Heart Disease by Electron Beam Computed Tomography. Healthstream Inc., 1996.

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Torres, Río Aguilar, Luigi P. Badano, and Dimitrios Tsiapras. Cardiac transplant patients. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0050.

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Echocardiography has a pivotal role in the care of heart transplant (HT) recipients. This chapter discusses the use of echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of HT patients. In the early post-transplant period, echocardiography has demonstrated its utility to assess the normal and abnormal structural and physiological changes of the transplanted heart, as well as to detect complications such as graft failure. During follow-up, development of acute/chronic graft rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains the leading causes of mortality in HT recipients and the role of conventional and new echocardiographic techniques in detecting these complications is discussed. Finally, the role of stress echocardiography, which provides additional functional information to the anatomical data obtained with invasive coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound, is highlighted. The last sections of the chapter are dedicated to the echocardiographic monitoring of endomyocardial biopsies and how to schedule serial echocardiograms during the follow-up of HT recipients.
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Archer, Nick, and Nicky Manning. Cardiac function. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230709.003.0014.

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Assessment 202Treatment 218Cardiac function, if severely compromised, will cause general markers of ill health such as: • Pericardial effusion larger than physiological ( see Table 5.1, p.56).• Hydrops.• Reduced movement.The purpose of the assessments discussed here is to identify the stressed or failing fetal heart at an earlier stage and to provide ways of monitoring changes objectively....
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Sidhu, Kulraj S., Mfonobong Essiet, and Maxime Cannesson. Cardiac and vascular physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses key components of cardiovascular physiology applicable to clinical practice in the field of anaesthesiology. From theory development to ground-breaking innovations, the history of cardiac and vascular anatomy, as well as physiology, is presented. Utilizing knowledge of structure and function, parameters created have allowed adequate patient clinical assessment and guided interventions. A review of concepts reveals the impact of multiple physiological variables on a patient’s haemodynamic state and the need for more accurate and efficient measurements. In particular, it is noted that a more reliable index of ventricular contractility is the end-systolic elastance rather than the ejection fraction. Constant direct preload assessment has not yet been achieved but continues to be determined through surrogate variables, and continuous cardiac output monitoring for oxygen delivery, although advancing, has limitations. Considering the effect of compound factors perioperatively, especially heart failure, modifies the goals and interventions of anaesthetists to achieve improved outcomes. Therefore, medical management prior to surgery and complete assessment through history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are a priority. This chapter also details the expectations following volume expansion to augment haemodynamics during surgery, the concept of functional haemodynamic monitoring, and limitations to the parameters applied in assessing fluid responsiveness. Challenging the accuracy of conventional indices to predict volume status led to the use of goal-directed therapy, reducing morbidity and minimizing length of hospital stay. The mainstay of this chapter is to reinforce the relevance of advances in haemodynamic monitoring and homeostasis optimization by anaesthetists during surgery, using fundamental concepts of cardiovascular physiology.
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Piepoli, Massimo F., and Pantaleo Giannuzzi. Secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation: principles and practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0008.

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Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation is the intervention that contributes most to decreasing morbidity and mortality in coronary artery disease, in particular after myocardial infarction but after incorporating cardiac interventions and in chronic stable heart disease. Cardiac patients deserve special attention to restore their quality of life and to maintain or restore their functional capacity and require counselling to avoid recurrence by adherence to a medication plan and adoption of a healthy lifestyle. These secondary prevention targets are included in the overall goal of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Components of CR include patient assessment, physical activity counselling, exercise training, diet/nutritional counselling, weight control management, lipid management, blood pressure monitoring, smoking cessation and psychosocial management. This chapter reviews the key components of a CR programme and summarizes current evidence-based best practice for the wide range of patient presentations of interest to the general cardiology community.
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Archer, Nick, and Nicky Manning. Cardiac function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766520.003.0018.

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AlJaroudi, Wael. Risk Assessment Before Noncardiac Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0014.

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Perioperative risk assessment is essential in screening patients before noncardiac surgery. Cardiovascular complications such as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, and stroke are important in-hospital causes of morbidity and mortality intra and post-operatively. The optimal approach is to identify patients at increased risk so that appropriate testing and therapeutic interventions are undertaken a priori to minimize such risk. The initial preoperative evaluation includes identification of surgery-specific risk, patient exercise functional capacity and clinical risk profile. Patients with major predictors of events such as acute coronary syndromes, recent MI, unstable arrhythmia, and severe valvular disease warrant further management and optimization that often lead to delaying surgery. Those with three or more predictors (history of ischemic heart disease, compensated heart failure, diabetes, renal insufficiency, or history of cerebrovascular disease) undergoing high- risk surgery often require stress testing. Although data from randomized prospective trials are lacking, numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for determination of perioperative cardiac risk. The goal of this chapter is to review the use of MPI for preoperative risk assessment and the recommendations from the current guidelines. The focus will be on short-term and long-term prognosis including special groups such as after coronary stenting and before vascular surgery, liver and renal transplantation.
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N, Ghista Dhanjoo, and Mihóczy László, eds. Noninvasive cardiac assessment technology. Basel: Karger, 1989.

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Prout, Jeremy, Tanya Jones, and Daniel Martin. Cardiovascular system. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609956.003.0001.

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This chapter covers the assessment and investigation of perioperative cardiac risk, the principles of perioperative haemodynamic monitoring and physiological changes in cardiac comorbidity with their relevance to anaesthetic management. Perioperative cardiovascular risk includes assessment of cardiac risk factors, functional capacity and evidence-based guidelines for preassessment. Cardiovascular investigations such as cardiopulmonary exercise testing and scoring systems for cardiac risk are included. Management of the cardiac patient for non-cardiac surgery is detailed. Invasive monitoring with arterial, central venous and pulmonary artery catheters is described. Cardiac output measurement systems including dilution techniques, pulse contour analysis and Doppler are compared. The physiological changes, management and implications for anaesthesia of common cardiac comorbidity including ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, pacemakers and pulmonary hypertension are described.
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Voigt, Jens Uwe, Peter Søgaard, and Emer Joyce. Heart failure: left ventricular dyssynchrony. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0026.

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Echocardiography plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with dilative cardiomyopathy and conduction disease, particularly in the setting of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Current CRT guidelines recommend the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular size and function. Furthermore, echocardiography has the potential of analysing regional myocardial mechanics with high temporal resolution and without radiation burden or danger for the patient. Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony has therefore become the next challenge. Besides the visual approaches, newer methods of functional imaging such as tissue Doppler and speckle tracking allow the exact quantification of regional myocardial function. This chapter reviews the current status of left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment by echocardiography and introduces emerging techniques which can better link conduction abnormalities and mechanical events and, thus, potentially improve clinical decision-making in this field.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cardiac Functional Assessment"

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Lipton, Martin J. "Myocardial Perfusion, Viability, and Functional Assessment with Contrast CT." In Cardiac PET and PET/CT Imaging, 270–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-38295-1_19.

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Chabiniok, R., P. Moireau, C. Kiesewetter, T. Hussain, Reza Razavi, and D. Chapelle. "Assessment of Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation Using Biomechanical Cardiac Modeling." In Functional Imaging and Modelling of the Heart, 401–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59448-4_38.

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Gérard, Antoine, Annabelle Collin, Gautier Bureau, Philippe Moireau, and Yves Coudière. "Model Assessment Through Data Assimilation of Realistic Data in Cardiac Electrophysiology." In Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, 121–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21949-9_14.

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Juslin, Anu, Anthonin Reilhac, Margarita Magadán-Méndez, Edisson Albán, Jussi Tohka, and Ulla Ruotsalainen. "Assessment of Separation of Functional Components with ICA from Dynamic Cardiac Perfusion PET Phantom Images for Volume Extraction with Deformable Surface Models." In Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, 338–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11494621_34.

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Johri, Amer M. "Assessment of Cardiac Function." In Atlas of Handheld Ultrasound, 75–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73855-0_17.

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Rumberger, John A. "Assessment of Cardiac Function." In Handbook of Cardiovascular CT, 1–10. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-091-9_4.

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Forrester, J. "Assessment of Cardiac Performance by Digital Angiography." In Assessment of Ventricular Function, 77–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8003-0_6.

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Marik, Paul Ellis. "Assessment of Cardiac Function and Cardiac Output." In Evidence-Based Critical Care, 89–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11020-2_10.

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Schneider, Jürgen E. "Assessment of Global Cardiac Function." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 387–405. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-219-9_20.

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Galassi, A., and R. Russo. "Pre-arranged Intervention on the Paper “Hemodynamic Effects of Cardiac Pacing”." In Assessment of Ventricular Function, 153–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8003-0_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cardiac Functional Assessment"

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Stough, Joshua V., Joseph DiPalma, Zilin Ma, Christopher M. Haggerty, and Brandon K. Fornwalt. "Ventricular segmentation and quantitative assessment in cardiac MR using convolutional neural networks." In Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging, edited by Barjor Gimi and Andrzej Krol. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2291534.

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Weingartner, Sebastian, Omer Burak Demirel, Chetan Shenoy, Lothar R. Schad, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, and Mehmet Akcakaya. "Functional LGE Imaging: Cardiac Phase-Resolved Assessment of Focal Fibrosis." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857759.

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Tripathy, S., M. A. Simon, M. S. Sacks, J. C. Brigham, and K. Kim. "3-Dimensional Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging for Quantitative Cardiac Mechanical Property Assessment: A Numerical Approach." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19291.

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Quantitative assessment of the cardiac tissue mechanical property or contractility is essential for the prognosis and treatment of various cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Current evaluation methods are either invasive or limited, mainly due to complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry and deformation of a heart. 2D imaging techniques assume erroneous planar geometry and deformations, while available 3D imaging techniques have limited functional assessment. Correlation-based 3D ultrasound (US) elasticity imaging (UEI) provides both anatomical and functional information such as mechanical property change of the cardiac walls, which is important for diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment. Using finite element (FE) techniques, one and two ellipsoid chamber cardiac mechanical models were developed, and combined with 3D US radio frequency (RF) data generation program. 3D UEI on the synthesized 3D US volume images were quantitatively analyzed and compared with 2D UEI.
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Nemchyna, O., N. Solowjowa, Y. Hrytsyna, S. Soltani, J. Knierim, M. Dandel, V. Falk, and C. Knosalla. "Assessment of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling and Functional Improvement after Surgical Ventricular Repair by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography." In 48th Annual Meeting German Society for Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678777.

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Mattison, Lars M., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Physiological Assessment of Cardiac Muscle Post-Irreversible Electroporation Therapy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3542.

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Ablations have become the gold clinical standard of drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is projected to affect 50 million people by the year 20501. Today, two primary methods of ablation are used clinically: radio frequency and cryoablation. These ablation technologies are equally effective1 but still cause complications. A majority of these complications arise from the fact that both technologies require a thermal change in the tissue to cause cell death. Thermal change of the tissue while effective, can be subject to many different variables that may result in collateral damage. These include levels of focal blood flow, location of vessels near the ablation site, and/or adjacent tissue damage causing clinical issues such as esophageal fistulas or phrenic nerve injury. Irreversible Electroporation serves as a possible non-thermal alternative. This therapy is a train of high voltage (>500V/cm) short DC pulses that cause pores to form in the cell membrane. If a large enough electric field is applied, then the pores in the cell membrane can cause permanent damage resulting in cell death. To date, the majority of irreversible electroporation research that has been done has examined the use of this approach for treating cancerous tumors in the skin, prostate, and liver. Very little study of this potential treatment relating to the heart has been done other than synchronizing delivery of the therapy with the heartbeat to not induce ventricular fibrillation. The appeal of a potentially more predictable lesion would be highly desired in this clinical realm. Here we present initial investigations as to the functional response of cardiac tissue to electroporative energy via the NanoKnife.
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Holm, Mikayle A., Alex Mattson, Lars Mattison, Erik Gaasedelen, Jorge Zhingre Sanchez, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "A Portable Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion Apparatus for Cardiac CT Imaging: Visible Heart® Mobile." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6877.

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Medical device developers can often be limited in pre-clinical experimental testing of new products because of procedural complexities and safety concerns to the animal or patient. Though animal or human cadavers can be used for these types of studies thereby eliminating the need for safety precautions, the functional capabilities of the tissue can be lost. As a novel way to provide such functional device/tissue assessment, the Visible Heart® (VH®) Laboratory has developed reanimation methodologies1 that allow the four chambers of the heart to contract naturally ex vivo. Swine hearts are routinely reanimated using this methodology with a clear perfusate which allows for direct endoscopic visualization of functional cardiac anatomy and importantly the device/tissue interface. For the past two decades, these capabilities have been useful for testing early device prototypes and developing educational and procedural videos. More specifically, this approach provides the added convenience of manipulating catheters into the ex vivo prep and visually studying their behavior for validation experiments of new medical devices. Further, multimodal imaging comparative assessments using both 4D echocardiography and fluoroscopy have been routinely performed. Yet, as imaging modalities continue to develop and are utilized for device placements or post-procedure evaluations, we hope to expand VH® capabilities.
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Tang, Dalin, Chun Yang, Tal Geva, and Pedro J. Del Nido. "Using 3D FSI RV/LV Models Based on Patient-Specific MRI Data to Predict Outcome of PVI and RV Volume Reduction Surgeries." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175555.

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Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common cause of heart failure in patients with congenital heart defects and often leads to impaired functional capacity and premature death. Computational heart models have been developed to understand the complex blood flow and cardiac mechanical behaviors [2,4]. However, clinic-oriented patient-specific models with fluid-structure interactions which can be used to make accurate predictions for potential surgical outcome are still lacking in the literature and clinical practices. A novel modeling procedure is proposed to test the hypotheses that a) patient-specific computational RV/LV combination model based on pre-operation MRI data can provide accurate assessment of RV cardiac functions (measured by RV ejection fraction and stroke volume) and that b) the RV/LV model validated by pre-operation data can be used as the base model to perform virtual pulmonary valve insertion (PVI) and RV volume reduction surgery to optimize post-operative RV morphology and patch design prior to the actual operation and that this procedure will lead to improved recovery of RV functions. With validation, this modeling process could replace empirical and often risky clinical experimentation to examine the efficiency and suitability of various reconstructive procedures in diseased hearts.
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Mattson, Alexander R., Michael D. Eggen, Vladimir Grubac, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Assessing the Relationship Between Right Atrial Stiffness and Chamber Pressure to Quantitatively Define Myocardial Tensile Properties." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3491.

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Developing a successful cardiac device requires detailed knowledge of cardiac mechanical properties. For example, tissue failure characteristics and compliance feed into design criteria for many pacemaker leads (Zhao et al., 2011). In the right atrium, tensile forces are exerted on the right atrial appendage in multiple clinical procedures. In a traditional lead implant, mechanical manipulations with a stylet aid a clinician in assessing lead fixation, with a seldom used “tug” test providing additional input. Atrial lead dislodgement remains one of the top complications for bradycardia pacing leads (Chahuan et al., 1994), in part because there is no standard mechanical assessment at implant to verify fixation. Thus, a deeper understanding of forces exerted on the atrium during implant, is fundamental to understanding the problem. Further characterization of the biomechanics relevant to atrial device implants will provide valuable design input for fixation tests and help drive research toward new atrial fixation mechanisms. This study aims to better define the relationships between right atrial stiffness and the chamber pressures within the right atrium, so to characterize the link between tensile displacement within the right atrium, and the force exerted on an implanted device in a functional heart. These experiments quantitatively define the fixation force of a fixed cardiac device with a given pulled displacement; i.e. displacing the device a given distance will effectively ensure the experimentally derived fixation force.
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Valenzuela, Thomas, Jorge Zhingre Sanchez, Mikayle Holm, Tinen Iles, and Paul Iaizzo. "Using Computational Modeling Derived From Micro CT Scanning for the Post-Implant Analyses of Various Cardiac Devices." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9071.

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Abstract There are few medical devices currently utilized that have not had, at the very least, a second iteration. Medical device companies continually strive to improve their product to make it the best on the market. Medical devices are often optimized by defining the size of the device, making it more efficient and/or improving the device to tissue interface. Using the capabilities of the Visible Heart® Laboratories various cardiac devices can be implanted in reanimated swine and human hearts for the assessment of the various aforementioned parameters. After the implantation of these devices and assessment in functional anatomies, specimens were perfusion-fixed and then a micro-CT scanner was utilized to take high-resolution scans of the resultant device and tissue interfaces. These scans are used to generate high-resolution (∼20 microns) 3D models of the numerous implanted devices, measurement analyses, device simulations, and the creation of virtual reality scenes. All can then be used for detailed visual analyses. These abilities to render high-resolution models will allow medical device designers to closely evaluate their designs, in order to optimize their next iterations.
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Barker, A. J., P. van Ooij, K. Bandi, J. Garcia, P. McCarthy, J. Carr, C. Malaisrie, and M. Markl. "Viscous Energy Loss in Aortic Valve Disease Patients." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14142.

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Purpose : Aortic valve disease (AVD) in the form of stenosis, insufficiency, or congenital defect will disrupt normal function beyond the valve itself. This includes an increase in cardiac afterload and a drastic alteration in post-valvular 3D blood flow patterns 1, 2. The current AHA/ACC standard-of-care guidelines, however, assess disease severity based on simplified measurements local to the valve, such as: peak velocity, effective orifice area, regurgitation, aortic diameter and transvalvular pressure gradient 3. Paradoxically, it is known that similarly classified AVD patients under these guideline metrics can exhibit radically divergent outcomes — implying an incomplete characterization of the disease 4. For this reason, functional assessment and risk-stratification may benefit from a robust methodology capable of quantifying the energetic load placed on the left ventricle (LV) due to the presence of AVD. The measurement of viscous energy loss, a parameter which is directly responsible for increased cardiac afterload and is independent of pressure recovery effects, is a promising candidate to quantify LV loading. With this in mind, the 4D flow technique (time-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI with all principal velocity directions encoded) provides the necessary information to calculate this parameter. Therefore, we present a theoretical basis for the use of 4D flow MRI to characterize in-vivo energy loss and apply the technique in a pilot study of patients with aortic valve stenosis (n = 13) or aortic dilation (n = 17) as compared to normal controls (n = 12).
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