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Academic literature on the topic 'CARDIAC CONDITIONS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

1

Dutton, Emily. "Tackling cardiac conditions." BSAVA Companion 2017, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0517.4.

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Hia, Cindy Ping Ping, and William Chin Ling Yip. "Childhood Cardiac Conditions." Singapore Family Physician 46, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33591/sfp.46.5.u6.

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Hudzik, B., and L. Polonski. "Neglected conditions: Cardiac tumours." Canadian Medical Association Journal 186, no. 6 (March 31, 2014): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.114-0024.

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Peck, Michel D., and Amy L. Ai. "Chapter 2; Cardiac Conditions." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 50, sup1 (May 13, 2008): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01634370802137777.

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Li, Yuehua, Chenghui Zhou, Xianliang Zhou, Lei Song, and Rutai Hui. "PAPP-A in cardiac and non-cardiac conditions." Clinica Chimica Acta 417 (February 2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.006.

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Mitkowski, Przemysław. "Electrotherapy in acute cardiac conditions." In a good rythm 1, no. 50 (April 15, 2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1682.

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Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the main reasons of admission to emergency units. Arrhythmia can be alone symptom, effect of compromise of stable disease or be caused by acute cardiac event. Temporary pacing according to current guidelines should be limited to advanced atrio-venricular block, life-threatening bradycardia related to cardiac procedures (ie. PCI). This method should not be used routinely but only when chronotro­pic drugs are ineffective. Likelihood of restoration of proper atrio-ventricular conduction, when block persists over 2 days is exiguous so decision of permanent system implantation should be taken earlier. Temporary pacing with stiff lead is related to increased risk of perforation and correlates with an increased risk of permanent device infection. Overdrive pacing should be considered in case of refractory to treatment recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. Immediate implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator should be performed in secondary prevention, when arrhythmia seems not to be related to potentially reversible cause. Frequently recurrent or persistent arrhythmias should be treated pharmacologically or with ablation before system implantation. In randomized trials it was not proved that implantation of ICD based on early risk stratification after myocardial infarction give any benefits. Experts point out the group of patients who could benefit from early (within 40 days after MI) implantation of an ICD. Cardiac resynchronization system implantation may be considered as a thera­py option to decrease congestion. Such treatment may allow the withdrawal of inotropic agents. Treatment of acute cardiac conditions with electrotherapy methods could be an effective therapy worth in selected group of patients.
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Statuta, Siobhan M., Erin S. Barnes, and John M. MacKnight. "Non-Cardiac Conditions that Mimic Cardiac Symptoms in Athletes." Clinics in Sports Medicine 41, no. 3 (July 2022): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.02.003.

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Sarmast, Syed Abdul, and Jeffrey M. Schussler. "Monozygotic Twins with Identical Cardiac Conditions." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 24, no. 2 (April 2011): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2011.11928694.

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Roos-Hesselink, J. W., J. J. Duvekot, and S. A. Thorne. "Pregnancy in high risk cardiac conditions." Heart 95, no. 8 (August 26, 2008): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.148932.

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Jain, Deepali, Joseph J. Maleszewski, and Marc K. Halushka. "Benign cardiac tumors and tumorlike conditions." Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 14, no. 3 (June 2010): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2009.12.010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

1

Willis, Janine Corinth. "Conditions for cardiac muscle myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq64990.pdf.

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Femia, Giuseppe. "Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Conditions Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25073.

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Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides advantages over other cardiac imaging modalities when evaluating conditions associated with sudden cardiac death. CMR provides high-quality, cross-sectional images that enable accurate anatomical delineation, precise and reproducible measurements of right ventricular volumes and robust identification of non-compacted myocardium. Despite this, the diagnosis and prognosis of some conditions associated with sudden cardiac death remain challenging or indeed uncertain. This has implications for not just the decedent but also surviving family members in whom imaging screening for cardiovascular conditions may be of benefit. In this thesis, I assessed the ability of CMR to prognosticate patients with right ventricular abnormality and clinical suspicion of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Using our novel technique based on CMR signal intensity, I calculated left ventricular noncompacted mass and determined the correlation to long term outcomes. Finally, I evaluated the accuracy of post mortem CMR to identify causes of unexplained death, when compared to traditional autopsy, and its potential role in the coronial process.
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Rausch, Karen. "Application of left atrial strain assessment by 2D echocardiography in cardiac conditions involving the left atrium including cardiac amyloidosis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/400573.

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The left atrium (LA) plays an important role in the modulation of LV filling and contributes to LV stroke volume with atrial contraction. Despite this important role, much research to date has been focused on the ventricles in disease, rather than the atria. In recent years there has been increasing interest and excitement in the function of the LA in normal and disease states – no longer is the LA secondary to the left ventricle (LV). The LA has three major functions: reservoir, conduit and contractile. The LA acts as a reservoir during ventricular systole as it fills with blood via the pulmonary veins and expands in size, subsequently, the mitral valve opens and the conduit phase is this passing of blood from the LA to the LV due to a small pressure gradient. Lastly, atrial systole, or the ‘atrial kick’, provides further augmentation of the LV stroke volume at the end of ventricular diastole. Methods for non-invasive assessment of these LA functions have been limited due to echocardiographic technology and the cumbersome nature data collection for these parameters. Prior techniques included assessment of LA size, phasic changes in LA size or volume as well as a variety of Doppler parameters which provided a cruder assessment of the LA functions. Strain is a unitless measurement of myocardial deformation and can be applied to assess the three LA functions in more detail. Contemporary strain research uses 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), where strain represents a fraction change in myocardial length relative to baseline and is expressed as a percentage. As strain technology surges forward with now dedicated LA strain software packages, the importance of the left atrium has become increasingly recognised. Improved strain technology has allowed easier and more widely available assessment of the three LA functions. Several studies have now documented normal LA strain values in large populations, and specifically, variations due to age and gender. Multiple literature reviews and guideline documents from cardiac imaging bodies have provided a standardised basis for acquisition of LA strain and the language used to describe LA functions and strain values. Previously, different gating techniques, software and terminology made comparison of literature more challenging. Interest and guidance from these peak bodies such as the European society of cardiovascular imaging confirms the importance of LA strain moving forward. There are many disease states which impact upon LA function and further study of LA strain in these areas may allow identification of subclinical atrial disease and impact on diagnostic or treatment pathways. In reviewing the literature, this thesis examines the current knowledge for clinical applications of LA strain in various pathologies/disease states. To contribute to current LA strain research, this thesis goes on to investigate the reproducibility of the LA strain technique, comparing strain readers of different expertise. This is an important step for uptake of LA strain into widespread use. The study showed LA strain was highly reproducible by a novice strain reader using multi-vendor analysis software and secondly, that there was good interobserver reproducibility between novice and experts. The thesis goes on to investigate the use of LA strain in a specific clinical scenario - cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Cardiac amyloidosis is a condition leading to amyloid protein deposition in cardiac tissue and subsequent organ dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that CA leads to LA dysfunction and abnormal LA strain and strain rate values. Given many different conditions can lead to reduction in LA strain, further investigation into changes and degree of LA dysfunction with CA compared to mimicking pathologies is of importance. Ventricular hypertrophy due hypertension can make differentiation of cardiac amyloidosis difficult using echocardiography alone – particularly when clinical history of hypertension is not previously known. The second original research study confirms a severe reduction in LA function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis, concordant with that seen in other studies. Additionally, LA function in CA was significantly worse compared to the hypertensive group, despite similar increases in LV wall thickness. Therefore, LA strain may provide incremental value in differentiating cardiac amyloidosis from increased LV wall thickness secondary to hypertension. Further investigation with larger cohorts and comparison between strain values in CA and other infiltrative pathologies should be considered to improve observe how specific this severe reduction in LA strain values is for CA compared to other infiltrative pathologies causing increased LV wall thickness. LA strain is a promising emerging tool, the applications of which will be further explored in this thesis.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Medicine
Griffith Health
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4

Morotti, Stefano <1984&gt. "Computational Modeling of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Physiological and Pathological Conditions." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5427/1/morotti_stefano_tesi.pdf.

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The cardiomyocyte is a complex biological system where many mechanisms interact non-linearly to regulate the coupling between electrical excitation and mechanical contraction. For this reason, the development of mathematical models is fundamental in the field of cardiac electrophysiology, where the use of computational tools has become complementary to the classical experimentation. My doctoral research has been focusing on the development of such models for investigating the regulation of ventricular excitation-contraction coupling at the single cell level. In particular, the following researches are presented in this thesis: 1) Study of the unexpected deleterious effect of a Na channel blocker on a long QT syndrome type 3 patient. Experimental results were used to tune a Na current model that recapitulates the effect of the mutation and the treatment, in order to investigate how these influence the human action potential. Our research suggested that the analysis of the clinical phenotype is not sufficient for recommending drugs to patients carrying mutations with undefined electrophysiological properties. 2) Development of a model of L-type Ca channel inactivation in rabbit myocytes to faithfully reproduce the relative roles of voltage- and Ca-dependent inactivation. The model was applied to the analysis of Ca current inactivation kinetics during normal and abnormal repolarization, and predicts arrhythmogenic activity when inhibiting Ca-dependent inactivation, which is the predominant mechanism in physiological conditions. 3) Analysis of the arrhythmogenic consequences of the crosstalk between β-adrenergic and Ca-calmodulin dependent protein kinase signaling pathways. The descriptions of the two regulatory mechanisms, both enhanced in heart failure, were integrated into a novel murine action potential model to investigate how they concur to the development of cardiac arrhythmias. These studies show how mathematical modeling is suitable to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmogenesis.
Il cardiomiocita è un sistema biologico complesso in cui molti meccanismi interagiscono non linearmente nel processo che accoppia l'eccitazione elettrica alla contrazione meccanica. Lo sviluppo di modelli matematici è quindi fondamentale nel settore dell'elettrofisiologia cardiaca, dove l'uso di strumenti computazionali è diventato complementare alla classica sperimentazione. La mia attività di ricerca si è concentrata sullo sviluppo di tali modelli allo scopo di investigare la regolazione dell'accoppiamento eccitazione-contrazione nella cellula ventricolare. In particolare, questa tesi presenta le seguenti attività: 1) Studio delle inaspettate deleterie conseguenze della somministrazione di un bloccante del canale sodio ad un paziente affetto da sindrome del QT lungo di tipo 3. I risultati sperimentali sono stati usati per riprodurre con un modello di corrente sodio gli effetti di mutazione e trattamento farmacologico, al fine di studiare come questi influenzino il potenziale d'azione umano. La nostra ricerca ha suggerito che l'analisi del fenotipo clinico non è sufficiente per somministrare un farmaco a pazienti che presentano mutazioni con indefinite proprietà elettrofisiologiche. 2) Sviluppo di un modello di inattivazione del canale calcio di tipo L nel cardiomiocita di coniglio allo scopo di riprodurre fedelmente i contributi di inattivazione voltaggio e calcio-dipendente. Il modello, applicato all'analisi delle cinetiche di tale corrente durante normale ed anormale ripolarizzazione, ha predetto lo sviluppo di attività aritmica in caso di inibizione del meccanismo calcio-dipendente, il cui effetto è predominante in condizioni fisiologiche. 3) Analisi delle conseguenze aritmogene dell'interazione tra le vie di segnalazione di stimolazione beta-adrenergica e proteina chinasi calcio-calmodulina dipendente. Le descrizioni dei due sistemi regolatori, entrambi aumentati in condizioni di insufficienza cardiaca, sono state integrate in un nuovo modello di potenziale d'azione murino, al fine di studiare come questi concorrono nell'insorgenza di aritmie. Questi studi mostrano come la modellistica matematica permetta di investigare i meccanismi che regolano l'accoppiamento eccitazione-contrazione e l'aritmogenesi.
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Morotti, Stefano <1984&gt. "Computational Modeling of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Physiological and Pathological Conditions." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5427/.

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The cardiomyocyte is a complex biological system where many mechanisms interact non-linearly to regulate the coupling between electrical excitation and mechanical contraction. For this reason, the development of mathematical models is fundamental in the field of cardiac electrophysiology, where the use of computational tools has become complementary to the classical experimentation. My doctoral research has been focusing on the development of such models for investigating the regulation of ventricular excitation-contraction coupling at the single cell level. In particular, the following researches are presented in this thesis: 1) Study of the unexpected deleterious effect of a Na channel blocker on a long QT syndrome type 3 patient. Experimental results were used to tune a Na current model that recapitulates the effect of the mutation and the treatment, in order to investigate how these influence the human action potential. Our research suggested that the analysis of the clinical phenotype is not sufficient for recommending drugs to patients carrying mutations with undefined electrophysiological properties. 2) Development of a model of L-type Ca channel inactivation in rabbit myocytes to faithfully reproduce the relative roles of voltage- and Ca-dependent inactivation. The model was applied to the analysis of Ca current inactivation kinetics during normal and abnormal repolarization, and predicts arrhythmogenic activity when inhibiting Ca-dependent inactivation, which is the predominant mechanism in physiological conditions. 3) Analysis of the arrhythmogenic consequences of the crosstalk between β-adrenergic and Ca-calmodulin dependent protein kinase signaling pathways. The descriptions of the two regulatory mechanisms, both enhanced in heart failure, were integrated into a novel murine action potential model to investigate how they concur to the development of cardiac arrhythmias. These studies show how mathematical modeling is suitable to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmogenesis.
Il cardiomiocita è un sistema biologico complesso in cui molti meccanismi interagiscono non linearmente nel processo che accoppia l'eccitazione elettrica alla contrazione meccanica. Lo sviluppo di modelli matematici è quindi fondamentale nel settore dell'elettrofisiologia cardiaca, dove l'uso di strumenti computazionali è diventato complementare alla classica sperimentazione. La mia attività di ricerca si è concentrata sullo sviluppo di tali modelli allo scopo di investigare la regolazione dell'accoppiamento eccitazione-contrazione nella cellula ventricolare. In particolare, questa tesi presenta le seguenti attività: 1) Studio delle inaspettate deleterie conseguenze della somministrazione di un bloccante del canale sodio ad un paziente affetto da sindrome del QT lungo di tipo 3. I risultati sperimentali sono stati usati per riprodurre con un modello di corrente sodio gli effetti di mutazione e trattamento farmacologico, al fine di studiare come questi influenzino il potenziale d'azione umano. La nostra ricerca ha suggerito che l'analisi del fenotipo clinico non è sufficiente per somministrare un farmaco a pazienti che presentano mutazioni con indefinite proprietà elettrofisiologiche. 2) Sviluppo di un modello di inattivazione del canale calcio di tipo L nel cardiomiocita di coniglio allo scopo di riprodurre fedelmente i contributi di inattivazione voltaggio e calcio-dipendente. Il modello, applicato all'analisi delle cinetiche di tale corrente durante normale ed anormale ripolarizzazione, ha predetto lo sviluppo di attività aritmica in caso di inibizione del meccanismo calcio-dipendente, il cui effetto è predominante in condizioni fisiologiche. 3) Analisi delle conseguenze aritmogene dell'interazione tra le vie di segnalazione di stimolazione beta-adrenergica e proteina chinasi calcio-calmodulina dipendente. Le descrizioni dei due sistemi regolatori, entrambi aumentati in condizioni di insufficienza cardiaca, sono state integrate in un nuovo modello di potenziale d'azione murino, al fine di studiare come questi concorrono nell'insorgenza di aritmie. Questi studi mostrano come la modellistica matematica permetta di investigare i meccanismi che regolano l'accoppiamento eccitazione-contrazione e l'aritmogenesi.
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Puthanveetil, Prasanth Nair. "Role of cardiac FoxO1 in conditions of insulin resistance, nutrient excess, and diabetes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41051.

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Glucocorticoids increase PDK4 mRNA and protein expression, which phosphorylates PDH, thereby preventing the formed pyruvate from undergoing mitochondrial oxidation. This increase in PDK4 expression is mediated by the mandatory presence of FoxOs in the nucleus. Rat cardiomyocytes exposed to Dx produced a robust decrease in glucose oxidation. Measurement of FoxO compartmentalization demonstrated increase in nuclear, but resultant decrease in cytosolic content of FoxO1 with no change in the total content. The increase in nuclear content of FoxO1 correlated to an increase in nuclear phospho p38 MAPK together with a robust association between this transcription factor and kinase. Dx also promoted nuclear retention of FoxO1 through a decrease in phosphorylation of Akt, an effect mediated by heat shock proteins binding to Akt. Instead, Dx increased the association of Sirt1 with FoxO1, thereby causing a decrease in FoxO acetylation. Our data suggests that FoxO1 has a major PDK4 regulating function. Related to nutrient excess, FoxO1 has a role in regulating fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation, and triglyceride storage by mechanisms that are largely unresolved. We examined the mechanism behind palmitate (PA) induced TG accumulation in cardiomyocytes. PA treated cardiomyocytes showed substantial increase in TG accumulation, accompanied by amplification in nuclear migration of phospho-p38 and FoxO1, iNOS induction and translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane. PA also increased Cdc42 protein and its tyrosine nitration, there by re-arranging the cytoskeleton and facilitating CD36 translocation. Cardiomyocyte cell death is a major contributing factor for diabetic cardiomyopathy, and multiple mechanisms have been proposed for its initiation. Diabetes increased the nuclear content of FoxO1 as a result of attenuated survival signalling. Increased nuclear FoxO1 augmented iNOS induction in the diabetic myocardium. The iNOS induced nitrosative stress increased the nitrosylation of GAPDH accompanied by its binding to Siah1 and translocation to the nucleus with an increased nuclear nitrosative stress. iNOS also nitrosylated caspase-3 there by hindering its ability to cleave PARP, a direct downstream target of Caspase-3. The resultant effect is activation of PARP with an nuclear compartmentalization of Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) and resultant cell death.
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Mount, Seth. "Serum-Free Xenogen-Free Culture Conditions Support Human Explant-Derived Cardiac Stem Cell Growth." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35678.

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Autologous explant-derived cardiac stem cell (EDC) therapies are a promising therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy, but straightforward clinical translation is limited by traditional culture conditions which are often supplemented with ill-defined and xenobiotic components such as fetal bovine serum. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a commercially sourced serum-free (SF) xenogen-free medium on human EDC yield, phenotype, in vitro measures of EDC performance, and post-infarct cardiac repair using an immunodeficient mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Despite reduced production of several pro-cardiogenic cytokines, SF EDCs promoted similar vessel formation, circulating stem cell recruitment and cardiogenic differentiation as compared to standard cultures. Transplant of SF EDCs into immunodeficient mice 1 week after myocardial infarction boosted post-ischemic repair beyond that of standard EDCs by enhancing viable myocardium within the infarct. These findings demonstrate that serum-free culture methods provide a superior cardiac-derived cell product with ready clinical translatability.
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Klawitter, Paul F. "The role of antioxidants in cardiac and skeletal muscle during conditions of energy deficit /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402288263738.

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Costiniti, Veronica. "Characterization of the activation of monoamine oxidases in conditions of cardiac damage and inflammation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423233.

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Mitochondria represent the main site of both ROS formation and degradation. One of the main source of mitochondrial ROS is represented by monoamine oxidases (MAOs). MAOs are flavoenzymes located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, which catalyse the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines yielding aldehydes, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It has been demonstrated that these products contribute to the oxidative stress occurring in hearts subjected to pathological conditions, such as cardiac reperfusion injury and decompensated hypertrophy. As MAO inhibitors significantly protect the heart in these models of cardiac injury, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying MAO activation. To address this issue we investigated (i) the availability of MAO substrates under conditions of oxidative stress or injury and (ii) their main cellular sources in the whole heart. By mass spectrometry (MS) analysis we identified several amines that became available upon different ex vivo protocols of cardiac injury, and we focused our attention on N-tele-methylhistamine (NMH) and its precursor histamine, which were found the most abundant. Thus, we evaluated the contribution of myocyte and non-myocyte cells as possible sources of MAO substrates. For this purpose we firstly excluded synaptic terminals that innervate heart by mice injection of a neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DOPA). Our findings demonstrate the relevant contribution of synaptic terminals to increase the availability of MAO substrates in the ex vivo model of oxidative stress. Next we considered isolated cardiomyocytes, as these cells undergo MAO-dependent oxidative stress. We showed that cardiomyocytes can synthesize MAO substrates and to induce MAO activity when exposed to oxidative stress. Taken together, we establish for the first time a relevant interaction between histamine metabolism and MAO activity in cardiac injury, that does not involve a receptor-dependent pathway. These findings can explain how MAO activity is turned on when cells are stressed. Moreover, it also helps understanding how the increase in MAO activity amplifies an initial oxidative stress. It has been largely shown that inflammation is usually involved in cardiac diseases and monocytes (Mn), macrophages (MF) as well as mast cells are involved in the inflammatory response. We focused our attention on immune phagocytic cells since the role of MAO has not been conclusively defined. Firstly, we demonstrated that both the MAO isoforms were expressed in both M1 and M2 MF. We focused our attention on MAO A, as it resulted the most expressed and significant isoform, especially in M2 MF. Then, we characterized its pathway of induction considering two different stimuli: LPS, that is a pro-inflammatory signal and IL-4 plus IL-13 (IL-4+IL-13), that is a combination of anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is well known that during differentiation and polarization MF generate ROS, which leads to the activation of different signalling pathways. However, the mechanisms that induce ROS formation and activate this signalling remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that MAO contributes to macrophage differentiation and polarization through its H2O2 production. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that MAO-A plays a role in M2 MF differentiation and activation, besides its role in amine oxidative degradation. These novel insights about MAO activity in phagocytic cells suggest that this enzyme could represent a new target to modulate MF differentiation and activation under pathological conditions to avoid the side effects related to inflammation such as fibrosis, cardiac remodelling, and oxidative stress amplification in post-ischemic reperfusion injury.
I mitocondri rappresentano il sito principale di origine e smaltimento delle specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS). Una delle più importanti fonti mitocondriali di ROS è rappresentata dalle monoammino ossidasi (MAO). Le MAO sono flavoenzimi situati nella membrana mitocondriale esterna, che catalizzano la deaminazione ossidativa di ammine biogeniche, producendo aldeidi, ammoniaca e perossido d'idrogeno (H2O2). È stato dimostrato che questi prodotti contribuiscono allo stress ossidativo che si verifica in cuori soggetti a condizioni patologiche, come ad esempio l'ischemia riperfusione e lo scompenso da ipertrofia. Dato che gli inibitori per le MAO proteggono significativamente il cuore in questi modelli di danno cardiaco, abbiamo focalizzato la nostra attenzione sui meccanismi molecolari alla base dell'attivazione di questi enzimi. A questo scopo è stata analizzata (i) la disponibilità dei substrati per le MAO in condizioni di stress ossidativo o danno cardiaco, e sono state valutate (ii) le principali fonti cellulari per questi substrati nel cuore. Mediante spettrometria di massa (MS) sono state identificate diverse ammine, rese disponibili in due differenti protocolli sperimentali d'induzione di stress cardiaco ex vivo. Particolare attenzione è stata data alla N-tele-Metilistamina (NMH) ed il suo precursore istamina, che rappresentavano la maggiore frazione di ammine sul contenuto totale nel cuore in queste condizioni di stress. Quindi, è stato valutato il contributo delle cellule miocitiche e non, come possibili fonti di substrati per le MAO. Anzitutto sono stati considerati i terminali sinaptici che innervano il cuore, e quindi eliminati iniettando gli animali con una neurotossina, la 6-idrossidopamina (6-OH-DOPA). I risultati così ottenuti dimostrano il contributo dei terminali nell'aumentare la disponibilità di substrati per le MAO nel modello ex vivo sottoposto a stress ossidativo. Sucessivamente, abbiamo considerato i cardiomiociti isolati, in quanto anch'essi subiscono lo stress ossidativo dipendente dalle MAO. Infatti abbiamo dimostrato che i cardiomiociti soggetti a stress ossidativo sono in grado di sintetizzare substrati per le MAO, promuovendo l'attività dell'enzima. Si stabilisce così per la prima volta un'importante relazione tra il metabolismo dell'istamina e l'attività dell'enzima MAO in condizioni di danno cardiaco, la quale non comporta alcuna dipendenza da un eventuale recettore istaminergico. Questi risultati spiegano come lo stress cellulare possa indurre l'attività enzimatica dell'enzima MAO amplificando l'iniziale stress ossidativo. È stato ampiamente dimostrato che l'infiammazione insorge durante le malattie cardiache e non solo, inoltre che le cellule infiammatorie coinvolte come monociti (Mn), macrofagi (MF) e mastociti sono particolarmente rilevanti ed attive. Pertanto la nostra attenzione è stata incentrata dalle cellule fagocitarie in cui il ruolo dell'enzima MAO non è stato ancora definito. In primo luogo, è stato dimostrato che entrambe le isoforme MAO (A e B) sono espresse sia nei MF M1 che M2. Poi ci siamo focalizzati su MAO A, in quanto è risultata essere l'isoforma principalmente espressa, soprattutto nei MF M2. In seguito è stato caratterizzato il suo meccanismo d'induzione, considerando due diversi stimoli: l'LPS e la combinazione delle citochine anti-infiammatorie IL-4 ed IL-13 (IL-4 + IL-13). È noto che, durante i processi di differenziamento e di polarizzazione, i MF generino ROS, che inducono l'attivazione di diverse vie di segnale. Tuttavia, i meccanismi che inducono la formazione di questi ROS non sono stati caratterizzati. In questo lavoro è stato dimostrato per la prima volta che l'isoforma A dell'enzima MAO svolge un ruolo rilevante nel differenziamento e nell'attivazione dei MF M2, mediante la produzione di H2O2. Questi nuovi risultati nelle cellule fagocitiche suggeriscono che questo enzima potrebbe rappresentare un nuovo bersaglio per modulare il differenziamento e l'attivazione dei MF. In particolare, in condizioni patologiche la loro modulazione potrebbe limitare gli effetti collaterali legati all'infiammazione, come ad esempio la fibrosi, il rimodellamento cardiaco, e l'amplificazione dello stress ossidativo nel danno da ischemia/riperfusione.
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Shah, Lisa Lynn. "Family communication of genetic risk for sudden cardiac death." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5629.

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Background: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) are genetic cardiovascular diseases that cause sudden cardiac death. When an individual is diagnosed with an inherited disease such as HCM/LQTS it is critical that their biological relatives are notified of their increased risk. Newly diagnosed individuals in turn notify other at-risk family members through a successive process called cascade screening. This facilitates screening of at-risk biological relatives through genetic testing and/or clinical testing, and treatment for HCM/LQTS prior to development of life-threatening complications. However, for cascade screening to detect all potential cases the disease risk must be effectively communicated to all at-risk relatives. The responsibility for notifying family members of this risk largely falls to the first person diagnosed in the family (proband). Empiric evidence suggests that around half of at-risk relatives are not screened in accordance with cascade screening recommendations, potentially due to information about HCM/LQTS risk not being communicated effectively in their families. Factors have been identified that influence communication about genetic risk in families with non-cardiac disease; however, it is not known if or how these factors apply in families with genetic cardiac disease. These include network factors, which describe characteristics of relationships between family members and non-network factors, which describe characteristics of individuals including individual factors, disease factors, and sociocultural factors. There is a critical need to understand communication in families with HCM/LQTS in order to facilitate effective genetic risk communication in families, improve adherence to cascade screening recommendations, and prevent death and complications from cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the relationships among network and non-network factors and communication of genetic risk for HCM/LQTS between probands and their relatives. I proposed the following aims: Aim 1: Describe family social network structures and communication paths about risk for HCM/LQTS from probands to their relatives. Aim 2: Identify which network and non-network factors are associated with who is told about risk for HCM/LQTS. Methods: The sample for this study included individuals with HCM or LQTS recruited through the University of Iowa Cardiology Clinics (UI) and the University of Wisconsin Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic (UW). Data were collected using a structured interview, family pedigree, and survey. Analysis included egocentric social network analysis, descriptive, bivariate, and multilevel logit regression modeling. Results: Participants in this study had an average of 24 living at-risk relatives in their families. Overall, just over half (52%) of these at-risk relatives had been reported to have been told about their risk. However, within families, the percentage of relatives told about their risk ranged from 0%-100%. Ninety percent of first-degree relatives were told about their risk, 61% of second-degree relatives were told and 33% of third-degree relatives were told. Recruitment site affiliation was determined to be a confounder and so analyses were calculated separately for UI and UW. In both the UI and UW samples, network factors including closer geographic distance, increased emotional closeness, increased relationship quality, increased frequency of communication, higher betweenness centrality, and closer degree of biological relation were independently associated with increased odds of communication of risk. In the UI sample, non-network factors that were independently associated with increased odds of communication of risk included younger age at diagnosis; having LQTS; having positive genetic test results; having an ICD; younger current age; being female; having increased role limitations due to physical functioning; feeling anxious about telling family members about risk; feeling communication was a burden; feeling that communication was a responsibility or duty; being happy to be able to share important information; and identifying financial issues, pregnancies, or upcoming marriages as playing a role in communication. In a multivariate model, increased frequency of communication, closer degree of biological relation, having an ICD, and identifying financial issues and pregnancies as contributors to communication were significantly associated with communication of genetic risk information. In the UW sample, non-network factors that were independently associated with increased odds of communication of risk included younger age, decreased emotional wellbeing, increased role limitations due to emotional wellbeing, and decreased energy and fatigue. In a multivariate model, increased frequency of communication and closer degree of biological relation were significantly associated with communication. Although over half of at-risk relatives were told about their risk, just over half of those (53.8%) were reported to have screened for disease, which represents 27% of all at-risk relatives. Of those tested, 35% were reported as diagnosed with HCM/LQTS. Conclusion: Communication of genetic risk for HCM/LQTS in families is inadequate and contributes to the problem of relatives not being screened for disease. Insight on the factors that influence communication in families at risk of sudden cardiac death can guide development of interventions, policies, and future research aimed at improving genetic risk communication and cascade screening, and preventing death and complications from inherited cardiac diseases. This research is applicable for genetic conditions where population based screening methods are not effective and rely on families to communicate risk and need for screening.
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Books on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

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Aina-Badejo, Danielle. Elucidating the Unknown Role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 in Cardiac Pathophysiological Conditions. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2021.

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Shave, Robert E. The impact of exercise duration and environmental conditions upon the incidence of exercise induced cardiac fatigue (EICF). Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 2003.

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Rath, Matthias. Why animals don't get heart attacks-- but people do!: The discovery that will eradicate heart disease : the natural prevention of heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol and many other cardiovascular conditions. 4th ed. Fremont, CA: MR Pub., 2003.

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G, Yanowitz Frank, and Wilson Philip K, eds. Cardiac rehabilitation, adult fitness, and exercise testing. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.

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Fardy, Paul S. Cardiac rehabilitation, adult fitness, and exercise testing. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1988.

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Bernis: Le cardinal des plaisirs. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1998.

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Bergin, Joseph. Cardinal Richelieu: Power and the pursuit of wealth. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1985.

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Morgan, Rhodri. Cardiff: Half-and-half a capital. Llandysul, Dyfed: Gomer, 1994.

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Cardiff Bay Opera House Trust. Cardiff Bay Opera House architectural competition =: Cystadleuaeth Bensaernïol T^y Opera Bae Caerdydd : competition conditions and design brief. [S.l: s.n.], 1994.

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Martin, Nicholas. Cardiac MRI. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0034.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for investigating congenital cardiac conditions. It provides excellent images of the cardiac anatomy and is unrivalled in its ability to illuminate the pulmonary vessels. Conservation of femoral vessels and absence of ionizing radiation gives it an advantage over cardiac catheterization. Apart from the challenges of anesthetizing a child with an uncorrected congenital heart condition, the MRI environment presents some unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. It is usually remote from the main operating suite, and the permanent strong magnetic field requires specialized equipment and precautions.
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Book chapters on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

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Linden, Wolfgang. "Cardiac Conditions." In Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology, 79–101. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470013389.ch6.

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Gordon, L. Stephen. "Cardiac Conditions." In Clinical Perspectives in the Management of Down Syndrome, 55–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9644-4_4.

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Bothamley, Judy, and Maureen Boyle. "Cardiac conditions." In Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 39–83. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429398087-2.

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Davies, Alan, and Alwyn Scott. "Miscellaneous Cardiac Conditions." In Starting to Read ECGs, 125–38. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4962-0_8.

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Davies, Alan, and Alwyn Scott. "Genetic Cardiac Conditions." In Starting to Read ECGs, 171–80. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4965-1_8.

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Jones, Ian, and Anne Dormer. "Long-Term Cardiac Conditions." In Nursing the Cardiac Patient, 178–97. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785331.ch12.

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Miller, Dylan V. "Other Pediatric Cardiac Conditions." In Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood, 943–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-403-2_35.

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Yokomuro, Hiroki, Donald A. G. Mickle, Richard D. Weisel, and Ren-Ke Li. "Optimal conditions for heart cell cryopreservation for transplantation." In Cardiac Cell Biology, 109–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4712-6_14.

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Doshi, Ankur A., and Clifton W. Callaway. "The Post-Cardiac Arrest Patient." In Challenging and Emerging Conditions in Emergency Medicine, 5–25. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119971603.ch2.

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Börjesson, Mats, and Jonathan Drezner. "Return to Play After Cardiac Conditions." In Return to Play in Football, 739–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55713-6_55.

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Conference papers on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

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Wang, Zhao, and Yue Zhang. "Research on ECG Biometric in Cardiac Irregularity Conditions." In 2014 International Conference on Medical Biometrics (ICMB). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmb.2014.35.

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Sidek, K. A., and I. Khalil. "Person identification in irregular cardiac conditions using electrocardiogram signals." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090644.

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Alessio, Adam, James Caldwell, Grace Chen, Kelley Branch, and Paul Kinahan. "Attenuation-Emission Alignment in Cardiac PET/CT with Consistency Conditions." In 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2006.353710.

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Galvin, C., M. Gallagher, H. Cronin, T. Prendiville, C. McGorrian, and J. Galvin. "36 Characteristics of cardiac arrest survivors subsequently diagnosed with long QT syndrome attending an inherited cardiac conditions clinic." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM (Virtual), October 7th – 9th 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-ics.36.

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Crinion, D., Z. Sharif, J. O’ Brien, N. Mahon, J. Keaney, T. Prenderville, A. Green, C. McGorrian, D. Ward, and J. Galvin. "8 Inherited cardiac conditions clinics in ireland: a ten year review." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM, Thursday October 17th – Saturday October 19th 2019, Galway, Ireland. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-ics.8.

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Subramaniam, Arvind, and K. Rajitha. "Estimation of the Cardiac Pulse from Facial Video in Realistic Conditions." In 11th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007367801450153.

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Galvin, C., M. Gallagher, H. Cronin, C. McGorrian, T. Prendiville, and J. Galvin. "22 Utilisation and yield of genetic testing at an inherited cardiac conditions clinic." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM (Virtual), October 7th – 9th 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-ics.22.

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Murphy, J., C. Kirk, G. Abboud Guerra, J. Galvin, D. Ward, T. Prendiville, C. McGorrian, and SA Lynch. "4 Predictive genetic testing in inherited cardiac conditions: findings from a large Irish cohort." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM (Virtual), October 7th – 9th 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-ics.4.

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Bhushan, Shanti, Manish Borse, Bryan Robinson, and Keith Walters. "Turbulent Simulations of Particle Deposition in Feline Aorta Flow for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Heart Conditions." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-4688.

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Turbulent CFD simulations are performed for feline aorta flow to study the physiology of thrombus localization for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) heart condition. Simulations are performed using pulsatile normal and HCM heart cardiac output velocity profiles consisting of a single peak and dual peak pattern, respectively. The predictions for the normal heart conditions are validated using experimental data. The mass outflow through the arteries compares within 1.15% of the expected values. The flow rate through the iliac artery during a cardiac cycle, and shear stress profile at infrarenal aorta cross-section also compares well with the experimental data. Most vortical structures are predicted during decreasing cardiac flow, and are located close to the renal and iliac arteries, consistent with CFD studies in the literature. The model is therefore judged to be reasonably accurate for HCM predictions. For the HCM heart conditions, outflow from all the abdominal arteries shows a trimodal pattern, with reverse flow during the secondary flow. Several vortices are predicted in the increasing secondary cardiac flow. The vortices are mostly located in the lower abdominal aorta between the renal artery and iliac trifurcation. Turbulence plays a significant role in this case, and affects flow in most of the abdominal aorta after the primary peak. Particle deposition occurs in the thoracic aorta, below the renal artery and above the trifurcation. Deposition in the lower abdominal aorta is identified due to presence of flow recirculation and low streamwise velocity.
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McQuaid, David, and Julie W. Doyle. "Designing digital behaviour change interventions to support older adults managing cardiac conditions." In Proceedings of the 32nd International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference. BCS Learning & Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci2018.194.

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Reports on the topic "CARDIAC CONDITIONS"

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Park, Marcelo, and Ian Maia. The Extracorporeal Pulmonary Resuscitation Effect on Survival and Quality of Life in Refractory Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Metanalysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0011.

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Review question / Objective: Questions: Cumulative effects of the ECPR trials on the last reported quality of life (Cerebral performance category) (accomplishing in and/or out of hospital cardiac arrests). Cumulative effects of the ECPR trials on the last reported Survival. (accomplishing in and/or out of hospital cardiac arrests). Condition being studied: Inclusion criteria: Adult (> 18 years-old) patients; Refractory cardiac arrest (> 5 min); With or without hypothermia after resuscitation; Witness and assisted cardiac arrests; Any cardiac rhythm of cardiac arrest; Any mechanism of cardiac arrest; In-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrestsExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation cannulation in any place; Studies with a conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation paired group (Randomized, propensity score paired and emulated studies).
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Rahman, Kazi, Grace Lee, Kristina Vine, Amba-Rose Atkinson, Michael Tong, and Veronica Matthews. Impacts of climate change on health and health services in northern New South Wales: an Evidence Check rapid review. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/xlsj7564.

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This rapid review investigated the effects of climate change on health and health services in northern NSW—a known ‘hotspot’ for natural disasters—over the next 10-20 years. It included 92 peer-reviewed articles and 9 grey literature documents, with 17% focused on Northern NSW. Climate change will cause both an increase in average temperatures and in extreme weather events and natural disasters. Impacts particularly affecting Northern NSW are expected to include increases and exacerbations of: mental illness; infectious diseases, including those transmitted by mosquitoes, water and food; heat-related illnesses; chronic diseases including respiratory and cardiac conditions; injuries; and mortality—with vulnerable groups being most affected. Demand for health services will increase, but there will also be disruptions to medication supply and service availability. A whole-of-system approach will be needed to address these issues. There are numerous gaps in the research evidence and a lack of predictive modelling and robust locally relevant data.
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Li, Xiao, Fayang Ling, Wenchuan Qi, Sanmei Xu, Bingzun Yin, Zihan Yin, Qianhua Zheng, Xiang Li, and Fanrong Liang. Preclinical Evidence of Acupuncture on infarction size of Myocardial ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0044.

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Review question / Objective: Whether acupuncture is effective for infarction size on myocardial ischemia rat models. Condition being studied: Myocardial ischemia is a typical pathological condition of coronary heart disease (CHD), which has been a global issue with high incidence and mortality. Myocardial infarction caused by myocardial ischemia leads to cardiac dysfunction, and the size of myocardial infarction also determines the recovery and prognosis of cardiac function. Acupuncture, a long history of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat symptoms like thoracalgia and palpitation. Many researches based on rat experiments have shown that acupuncture affects infarction size, cardiac function, myocardial enzyme or arrhythmias severity on myocardial ischemia models; nevertheless, few literatures have systematically reviewed these studies, assessing the risk of bias, quality of evidence, validity of results, and summarizing potential mechanisms. A systematic review of animal studies can benefit future experimental designs, promote the conduct and report of basic researches and provide some guidance to translate the achievements of basic researches to clinical application in acupuncture for myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we will conduct this systematic review and meta analysis to evaluate effects of acupuncture on infarction size on myocardial ischemia rat models.
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Liu, Xin-Yu, Yu-Meng Qin, Wei Su, Tian-Yu Li, Xiangjun Bai, Zhanfei Li, and Wei-Ming Xie. Resuscitative thoracotomy at operating room as a protective factor for death compared with resuscitative thoracotomy at emergency department in patients with severe thoracic injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0004.

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Review question / Objective: We aimed to compare the death risk of operating room thoracotomy and emergency department thoracotomy for patients with severe thoracic injuries by conducting systematic review and meta-analysis. Condition being studied: Duo to the high mortality of severe thoracic and cardiac trauma, treatment for severe thoracic trauma patients has become a great challenge. Resuscitative thoracotomy, which included emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) and operating room thoracotomy (ORT), is a surgical procedure to rescue severe thoracic patients, especially for patients with traumatic cardiac arrest and tamponade. However, it was still controversial that whether EDT or ORT was superior to the patients suffered from severe thoracic injuries.
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Harbi, Ali, Kim Lam Soh, Kim Geok Soh, and Haya Ibrahim Ali Abu Maloh. The Effect of Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs on Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, A Systematic Review of Contemporary Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0027.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive CR programs in improving outcomes for patients who had undergone CABG. The explicit statement of the research question considered for this systematic review is formulated by using (PICOS) criteria; Population (patients who had undergone CABG), Intervention (comprehensive CR programs), Comparator (control groups), Outcome (HRQoL, stress, anxiety, depression, readmission, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac/ cerebrovascularevents MACCE)and Study (RCTs). Condition being studied: The effectiveness of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programs in improving the outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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LI, Peng, Junhong Ren, and Yan Li. Lung ultrasound guided therapy for heart failure: an updated meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0124.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to evaluate the effect of lung ultrasound (LU) guided therapy on the rates of adverse cardiac events (MACE) in heart failure (HF) patients. Condition being studied: Previous studies have found that B-lines assessed by lung ultrasound can be used for risk stratification in patients with HF and to predict the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. Therefore, similar to BNP, lung ultrasound has clinical value in guiding the management of patients with HF. However, the role of LU in guiding HF therapy is still controversial. Moreover, previous study's samples are too small to explain the over clinical outcomes. Besides, previous meta-analyses study did not perform meta-regression and/or subgroup analyses, or further analyze other parameters, such as heart function, quality of life and length of hospital stay.
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Hassanzadeh, Sara, Sina Neshat, Afshin Heidari, and Masoud Moslehi. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Era of COVID-19. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0063.

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Review question / Objective: This review studies all aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Condition being studied: Many imaging modalities have been reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus in this review is to see if the number of MPIs is lowered or not and, if so, why. Furthermore, it is possible that a combination of CT attenuation correction and MPI could yield findings. In this study, we'll also look for these probable findings. Third, we know from previous studies that COVID might cause cardiac injuries in some people. Since MPI is a cardiovascular imaging technique, it might shows those injuries. So we'll review articles to find out in patients with active COVID infection, long COVID, or previous COVID cases what findings in MPI those cardiac injuries can cause.
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Wei, Dongmei, Yang Sun, and Hankang Hen. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Can Baduanjin exercise improve the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary artery surgery? Condition being studied: Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is the single most common cause of death globally, with 7.4 million deaths in 2013, accounting for one-third of all deaths (WHO 2014). PCI has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in patients with CHD. During follow-up, it has been shown that the benefits of PCI can be offset by the significant risks of coronary spasm, endothelial cell injury, recurrent ischemia, and even restenosis or thrombus. Numerous guidelines endorse the necessity for cardiac rehabilitation (CR), which is recommended for patients with chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndrome and for patients following PCI. Baduanjin have been widely practised in China for centuries, and as they are considered to be low risk interventions, their use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is now becoming more widespread. The ability of Baduanjin to promote clinically meaningful influences in patients with CHD after PCI, however, still remains unclear.
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Abstract:
Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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