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Journal articles on the topic 'Cardboard'
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Cruz, António João, Luciana Barros, and Leonor Loureiro. "Perforated Cardboards: A Support for Embroidery Used for Various Everyday Objects in the Victorian Age." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 40, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2018-0021.
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Abstract Perforated cardboards were common and economic supports for embroidery in the Victorian Era. Despite their popularity, they had a brief life and are almost forgotten today. Different types of cardboard were chosen according to the materials and techniques to be applied. This article presents nineteenth century documentary sources on perforated cardboard and its use in various objects of everyday life. The types of cardboard, commercialization, decorative techniques and motifs and applied materials will be discussed.
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Gunawan, Irena V., and Erwin Ardianto Halim. "Online Mini Workshop on Recycled Cardboard Craft with Batik Pattern for Junior High School Students." Journal of Innovation and Community Engagement 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/ice.v3i2.4450.
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Paper is one kind of waste which are abundantly available. Although the use of writing or printing paper is significantly reduced since many writing activities have moved to digital means, however other paper products such as cardboards are significantly increasing. This is a result of the increase in online shopping activities where most of the goods are being delivered in cardboard packages. One of the craft topics for Level 7 of Junior High School from the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture includes the recycled paper or other paper products to be transformed into other functions. Hence, cardboard is very suitable to be used as a learning object. As cardboard also has a certain structure which consists of 3 layers of cardboard, the middle is corrugated paper, hence the students could learn to manipulate cardboard into an interesting product. As the workshop was being conducted online there were some techniques that had to be adjusted in terms of material delivery strategies and teaching methods. The workshop method conducted by a community service team consists of university lecturer and university students who gave a mini-workshop session for the 7-grade school students. The students were invited to employ their crafting skills using commonly available recycled cardboard material.
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Powers, Kalli, Matthew Warren, and Ray W. Brown. "Recycled Cardboard Comparison." International Journal of Advanced Packaging Technology 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijapt.3.
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Karodia, Farida. "Cardboard Mansions." Callaloo, no. 36 (1988): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931517.
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Braun, James. "Cardboard Castle." Minnesota review 2020, no. 94 (May 1, 2020): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8128154.
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Rimanelli, Giose, and Mark Axelrod. "Cardboard Castles." World Literature Today 71, no. 3 (1997): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152918.
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Garbowski, Tomasz, Tomasz Gajewski, Damian Mrówczyński, and Radosław Jędrzejczak. "Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113203.
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Corrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board. In addition, converting processes such as printing, die-cutting, lamination, etc. cause micro-damage in the corrugated cardboard layers. In this work, the focus is precisely on the crushing of corrugated cardboard. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted, in which the different types of single-walled corrugated cardboards were pressed in a fully controlled manner to check the impact of the crush on the basic material parameters. The amount of crushing (with a precision of 10 micrometers) was controlled by a precise FEMat device, for crushing the corrugated board in the range from 10 to 70% of its original thickness. In this study, the influence of crushing on bending, twisting and shear stiffness as well as a residual thickness and edge crush resistance of corrugated board was investigated. Then, a procedure based on a numerical homogenization, taking into account a partial delamination in the corrugated layers to determine the degraded material stiffness was proposed. Finally, using the empirical-numerical method, a simplified calculation model of corrugated cardboard was derived, which satisfactorily reflects the experimental results.
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Putra, Ondra Eka. "Application of Fuzzy Logic in Making Automatic Labeling Stamping." SinkrOn 4, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v4i1.10166.
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This research was conducted to create a labeling system on cardboard boxes with automatic stamping. Labeling is done based on height and weight of the cardboard so that stamping will be done according to the size and weight of the cardboard. The height of the cardboard is detected using an ultrasonic sensor and the weight of the cardboard is detected using a load cell sensor, and a stepper motor to move the cardboard label stamping. This research is based on artificial intelligence using mamdani method with fuzzy logic, so that all data can be processed properly. The height of the cardboard detected by the ultrasonic sensor is given a distance value of 10 cm to 45 cm with a value of rendah, sedang and tinggi. Cardboard weight detected by load cell sensor is given a weight value of 500 gr up to 1,500 gr with ringan, sedang and berat values. Stamping labels are driven by stepper motors which are given time values of 5 s to 15 s with time values of sebentar, sedang, and lama After the ultrasonic sensor and the load cell detect the cardboard box, the conveyor belt moves to run the cardboard box by the power window motor, then if the cardboard box passes through the proximity sensor, the conveyor belt stops and the stepper motor moves to stamping the cardboard label box automatically. The label stamping system is controlled by using the Arduino Mega 2560 to work well.
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Ben Katchor. "The Cardboard Valise." Princeton University Library Chronicle 63, no. 1-2 (2002): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.63.1-2.0088.
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Lorenz, Björn. "Cardboard Engineering 2.0." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 109, no. 1-2 (February 24, 2014): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.111083.
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Holverson, E. L. "Cardboard star finder." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 7 (July 1985): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14272.
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Tokarskyy, Oleksandr, and Mykhaylo Korda. "Influence of suspension liquid total solids on E. coli O157:H7 survival and transfer efficacy between green tomatoes and cardboard." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1210.
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The objectives of this study were: a) to determine E. coli O157:H7 survival on tomatoes and cardboard squares post-drying, stored at 25 ºC in humidified environment for four days, in buffered peptone water (BPW), and 0.1% diluted peptone (DP); b) to determine pathogen transfer rates (0, 1.5, or 24-hours drying post-inoculation), from inoculated tomato surfaces to uninoculated cardboard squares and conversely; and c) to evaluate SystemSure Plus ATP luminometer for recognizing contamination on visibly soiled (BPW) or visible clean (DP) cardboard. In tomato inoculation studies, E. coli O157:H7 survived better on the fruit when the inoculum was prepared using DP as compared to BPW. The 1.5-hours post drying counts of 5.34 and 5.76 log10 CFU.mL-1 in the rinsate substantially declined to 1.45 and 1.17 log10 CFU.mL-1 on day four, for DP and BPW, respectively. In cardboard inoculation studies, E. coli O157:H7 persisted for four days, with 1.5-hours post-drying counts and day four counts of 4.53 (DP) and 2.55 log10 CFU.mL-1 (BPW), contrary to 3.81 (DP) and 1.92 log10 CFU.mL-1 (BPW). Under the first impression, the slower die-off of E. coli O157:H7 on cardboard questions the possibility of reusing cardboard boxes due to the potential for cross-contamination. In wet transfer (0 hour drying) trials, both tomato-to-cardboard and cardboard-to-tomato yielded 100% positive transfers irrespective of diluent type. Dry transfer (1.5-hours drying interval post inoculation) from tomato-to-cardboard were 100% positive, but no positives were noted when inoculated, dried cardboard was contacted to tomatoes, irrespective of diluent. Results of transfers with BPW as the diluent showed 100% positive transfer from 24-hours dry tomatoes-to-cardboard, as inoculation spots on the tomatoes remained moist due to hygroscopic nature of solutes in BPW. Conversely, only a 40% positive transfer rate was observed under the same conditions with DP as diluent. No positive transfers were recorded from 24-hours dry cardboard-to-tomatoes, irrespective of diluent type. Though E. coli O157:H7 survived better on the surface of cardboard compared to the surface of tomatoes on day four, the dry transfers were more efficient from tomatoes-to-cardboard than conversely, possibly due to smooth and hydrophobic properties of the tomato, and rough and porous surface of the cardboard. ATP luciferase UltrasnapTM swab test showed 9/9 “pass” results for sterile liquid DP and BPW, while 9/9 “fail” results were observed with liquid peptone and BPW contaminated at ca. 9.0 log10 CFU.mL-1 E. coli O157:H7. Cardboard squares treated and dried, with sterile DP, showed 8/9 “pass” ATP luciferase results, and 1/9 “warning”, while cardboard squares with contaminated DP showed 9/9 “fail” result. Cardboard squares treated and dried, with sterile BPW, showed 7/9 “pass” ATP luciferase results, and 2/9 “warning”, while cardboard squares with contaminated BPW showed 9/9 “fail” result. Luminometer can simplify detection of microbial load, as well as organic residues, helping to check cardboard boxes for cleanness.
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Wang, Sha, Chuan Shan Zhao, Dai Qi Wang, and Wen Jia Han. "Preparation of Refractory Fiber Cardboard for Building Insulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1295.
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A kind of refractory fiber cardboard functioning as building insulation materials was developed. To improve the cardboard abilities to bear high temperature, sepiolite and alumino-silicate fibers were chosen as the raw materials for making refractory fiber carboard. In addition, inorganic adhesives and PVA fiber were used as bonding agents to enhance the physical strength of cardboard. The effect of bonding agents amount on tensile strength of the cardboard were investigated. When choosing inorganic adhesives and PVA fibers as the adhesives, the optimum condition is that amount of aluminum sol and PVA fibers is 30%and 3%-4% by weight, respectively; The best technical conditions for making the refractory fiber cardboard were determined. When the mass ratio of alumino-silicate fibers, sepiolite fiber, PVA fibers is 90: 6: 4, the physical strength of refractory fiber cardboard can be up to 1.556N·m/g. When the bulk density of the cardboard is 305.8kg/m3, the thermal conductivity of insulation cardboard at 200°C is very low, which is only 0.065W/m·K.
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Канева (Kaneva), Мария (Marija) Витальевна (Vital'evna), Лариса (Larisa) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Кувшинова (Kuvshinova), and Татьяна (Tat'jana) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Манахова (Manahova). "HYBRID TI-CONTAINING LIGNOCELLULOSIC POWDERED MATERIAL FROM RECYCLED CARDBOARD." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018012700.
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Paper’s and cardboard’s wastes are the most frequent and voluminous type of garbage that requires recycling for preservation of ecosystem. In the work on the example of recycled cardboard, the possibility of processing secondary plant raw materials into new useful hybrid lignocellulosic products of powdered type using the system from tetrachloride titanium and hexane (TiCl4-C6H14) was shown. A comparative analysis of hybrid powdered materials from recycled cardboard and wood pulp obtained under equal conditions was carried out. A proportional increase in the mass and ash content of powdered materials was shown with an increase in the amount mmoles of Ti (IV) in the reaction system. Was found that most of the adsorbed on the fibers surface of titanium compounds are readily soluble in an aqueous 10% solution of sulfuric acid, what indicates the possibility of their simple removal, if necessary. Was shown that fractional distribution along the length of fibers considerably narrows after the treatment, the average length decreases to 7,1 times. Was established that the prevailing fraction of all hybrid destructed samples is represented by fibers with a length of 0,12–0,15 mm, regardless of the consumption of Ti (IV), however, in products from cardboard, fraction of that fibers is higher, average dimensional characteristics are less than in products from wood pulp.
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Fu, Chun Ying, and Dong Sheng Jiang. "Highly Elastic Corrugated Cardboard and its Experimental Study on Strength Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.217.
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In order to overcome weaknesses of the limited strength of the traditional corrugated cardboard, and the corrugated cardboard with alternative high and low corrugated sandwich cores was developed by someone, named highly elastic corrugated cardboard. The highly elastic corrugated cardboard has excellent rebound properties of cushioning . On the existing research results, according to Wang Dong-mei development of its production methods, the author can product highly elastic corrugated cardboard in the laboratory in order to study its Strength properties. These experimental data provide a basis for actual production.
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Şimşeker, Osman. "Offset printing results analysis of different based inks in cardboard packaging production." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2021-0022.
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Abstract The main raw material of paper and cardboard used in packaging is cellulose. Cardboard packages made of cardboard, which can be produced in much different quality and weight, are obtained in numerous shapes and appearances 1, 2 . Paper and cardboard packaging are among the most economical packaging types. Using less raw materials, more durable but thin, light, economical cardboard is produced 2, 3 . In this study, under equal printing conditions, test prints were made on cardboard substrates (for cardboard packaging) with mineral oil based, vegetable oil (soy oil) based and UV cured inks used for the printing of the same images. After these prints, the properties of mineral oil, vegetable oil and UV ink; the effect on the print results was measured from different ways (Chroma*, Print density, unprinted surface Gloss 75°, Print Gloss 60°). At the same time, the visual differences between the print results were determined by the optical imaging (SEM) method and were examined by the elemental analysis method.
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Hamanishi, Seiji. "Cardboard Bed Without Mattress Is Ineffective in Improving the body Contact Pressure-a Preliminary Study Using a Dummy Model." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211065693.
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Objective This study aimed to describe and evaluate the dispersion of body-mattress contact pressure on a cardboard bed and investigate whether the cardboard bed has a positive effect on evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Materials and Methods A high-performance nursing simulator was used to measure the contact pressure and the body surface contour area of the bed, and these values were collected with the patient in the supine position using the Body Pressure Measurement System. Data of each test were acquired 10 times and were compared among 4 conditions (plastic sheet, cardboard bed, cardboard bed with a blanket, and cardboard bed with a mattress-topper). The data analysis for body-mattress contacts pressure and the surface contour area of the whole body, head, chest, and buttocks were conducted by one-way repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The average body-contact pressure on the cardboard bed did not decrease compared with that on the floor with plastic sheets. In contrast, the body surface contour area was significantly different among any other conditions, but the gap was only approximately 16%. However, the body-contact pressure and the body surface contour area were improved when a mattress-topper was added on the cardboard bed. When a blanket was laid on the cardboard bed, the contact area was increased. Conclusion Our results indicate that the pressure dispersion ability of the cardboard bed was not sufficient; however, adding the mattress-topper or the blanket could contribute to an improvement in the evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Many evacuees lay a mattress topper or futon on a cardboard bed after installing cardboard beds. Our findings may also support the scientific validity of the evacuees’ actual sleeping style in Japan. This preliminary study provides the basis for future research on exploring an appropriate sleeping bed condition in evacuee shelters.
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Zhang, Lingna, Rebekkah Plummer, and John McGlone. "Preference of kittens for scratchers." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18795258.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to determine kitten preferences towards different scratchers and the effects of catnip and cat odor on kitten scratching behaviors. Methods Two-choice preference tests were conducted to compare scratchers and preferred scratchers with or without additives (ie, catnip, catnip oil, cat hair) in six studies. Kittens (n = 40, <8 weeks old) had access to two scratchers on the floor of a simulated living room for 20 mins and interactions were video-recorded. The time each kitten spent scratching each scratcher was compared. Results In study 1, the S-shaped cardboard was preferred over a hemp post with a toy on top, and no difference was observed in the other pairs of scratchers compared. In study 2, the S-shaped cardboard was preferred by kittens compared with a raised scratcher covered with window screen or with carpet, and no differences were observed between the latter two scratchers. In study 3, the scratcher covered with window screen set upright was preferred over the same scratcher laid horizontally on the floor. The S-shaped cardboard was preferred over the scratcher covered with bubble wrap. In study 4, kittens preferred the S-shaped cardboard over the scratchers covered with window screen or short-fiber carpet but not over the scratcher covered with long-fiber carpet. In study 5, the S-shaped cardboard was strongly preferred over the long cardboard and rectangular cardboard but not over the boat-shaped cardboard. In study 6, dried catnip plant, catnip oil spray or the hair from other cats did not alter the scratching behavior exhibited by the kittens vs the control S-shaped cardboard alone. Conclusions and relevance The S-shaped cardboard scratcher was a preferred scratcher for kittens. Catnip or odor of other cats did not alter this behavior in kittens. S-shaped cardboard may be a preferred scratching device for kittens.
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Venkatesan, Srikanth, Mahzabin Afroz, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, and Rebecca Gravina. "Circular-Economy-Based Approach to Utilizing Cardboard in Sustainable Building Construction." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010181.
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Circular-economy-based sustainability approaches in construction are gaining wide acceptance due to the volume of waste generation and increasing demand for natural materials. Propelled by the recent timber shortage in Australia and the issues of waste management of cardboard, this study aims to analyse the possibilities of using cardboard as a construction material, based on its initial strength and multiple recycling options. A systematic review of research papers published in the last 40 years has been undertaken using a single keyword search to select the database. The review is presented in terms of the characteristics of the cardboard, dimensional stability, durability, structural strength, design, and analysis of cardboard. Recurring themes are evaluated using a latent Dirichlet allocation approach to identify the factors that ascertain the suitability of cardboard. Analysis reveals that despite certain constraints, such as water absorption and fire resistance, cardboard can be used as a replacement for timber by overcoming such limitations. This observation has benefits for the construction industry and the recycling industry. This study found that cardboard adheres to the circular economy principles, which should inspire policymakers. The paper concludes by highlighting the current circumstances and scientific challenges that impede the usage of cardboard in construction and recommends potential works needed to address these challenges for the benefit of practitioners and researchers.
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Fortin, Gabriel Y., Elsayed A. Elbadry, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Crashworthiness of cardboard panels reinforced with braided glass fiber rods for vehicle side impact protection." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 23 (September 6, 2018): 1387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418796560.
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This paper investigates the quasi-static compression properties of cardboard panels reinforced with braided glass fiber rods manufactured using a tubular braiding method. Compression tests are performed on single- and two-layer panels reinforced with varying number of rods and panel layer orientation. The crushing results of single-layer panels show more progressive crushing behavior than those of two-layer panels for different number of rods. In two-layer panels, certain rods are inclined from the direction of applied load due to deformation of the surrounding cardboard, resulting in reduced specific energy absorption compared with single-layer panels. Moreover, panels consisting of two layers of cardboard oriented in the same direction perform better than when the layers are off-set 90° where cardboard shifting is more pronounced. The role of cardboard is to constrain the rods from excessive splaying, causing greater levels of fiber fragmentation which consumes more energy compared with rods without cardboard.
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YASUI, Tetsuji. "Cardboard Flavor of Beer." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 96, no. 2 (2001): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.96.94.
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Barbour, Julian. "Hawking: the cardboard creation." Physics World 13, no. 10 (October 2000): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/13/10/37.
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Chalmers, Debbie. "Take a cardboard tube." Early Years Educator 15, no. 10 (February 2014): v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2014.15.10.v.
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Fell, J. "The Gallery: Cardboard Creation." Engineering & Technology 10, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2015.1134.
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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Cardboard (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 66, no. 1 (2012): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2012.0706.
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Zhou, Yi, Wei Zhou, and Jin Wu Wang. "New Aluminum Plated Corrugated Cardboard Material and Application." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.535.
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Based on the requirements of sustainable development and innovative design concept, Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering solves the paper based Al film forming technology of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard material so as to obtain new environmental protection. To explore the combination design, aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture design idea and concept of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard and other materials of the modular design, promotes the application and practical popularization value. The production of functional strong, stylish new aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture, can meet the needs of a growing social material production and life.
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Khadyko, Igor A., Evgeny V. Novozhilov, and Dmitry G. Chukhchin. "Influence of Cardboard Pretreatment on the Determination of Starch Content by the Enzymatic Method." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-150-162.
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We determined the amount of starch by the enzymatic method in different samples of corrugated cardboard, including the sample produced of primary semi-finished products and corrugated cardboard made of 100 % waste paper. For starch enzymatic degradation, it is necessary to extract it from the corrugated board structure, since the processes of compression and keratinization of pulp fibers reduce the availability of starch for extraction. Enzymatic treatment requires the use of a complex amylolytic preparation for complete hydrolysis of starch to glucose. We were able to determine, respectively, 70 and 84 % of starch obtained from primary semi-finished products by mechanical methods, such as defibrillation in water and degradation in a liquid nitrogen medium, and added at the production stage of corrugated cardboard. It was shown that extraction with alkaline agents was necessary for more complete extraction of starch from corrugated cardboard. The influence of alkaline treatment on the characteristics of fibers of waste paper fractions obtained at the Sukhonsky Cardboard and Paper Mill has been analyzed. The fibers swell in alkali, resulting in an increase in fiber width and its shortening, as well as a decrease in crystallinity, which can be a positive opportunity for more complete starch extraction. Fiber swelling and crystallinity reduction are more intensive for the short fiber fraction compared to the long fiber fraction. When determining starch in corrugated cardboard using the standard method SCAN-P 91:09 SСAN-W 13:09 it was not possible to detect all the starch added at the production stage of corrugated cardboard from primary semi-finished products. Also the processing conditions of this methodology lead to degradation of the partially hydrolyzed starch. The most complete extraction of starch from corrugated cardboard was achieved by two stages of alkaline extraction under the following conditions: 5 % NaOH, temperature of 20 °C, the duration of each extraction – 2 h. Under these processing conditions it was possible to determine all the starch (22.8 kg/t) in the corrugated cardboard produced of primary semi-finished products with known consumption of starch; the starch content in the corrugated cardboard produced of 100 % waste paper was 48.2 kg/t. For citation: Khadyko I.A., Novozhilov E.V., Chukhchin D.G. Influence of Cardboard Pretreatment on the Determination of Starch Content by the Enzymatic Method. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 150–162. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-150-162
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Asih, Siti Wulan, Ida Rahmah Andansari, Ely Widayati, and Didik Murwantono. "Learning Speaking Using Flash Cardboard: English as a Foreign Language Students’ Perception." JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning) 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v5i1.1542.
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Flash cardboard is one of the media used for speaking, especially in storytelling. Teaching by using media is very necessary for learning because it greatly influences the results of the learning process. This research wants to know English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perception after they learned storytelling using flash cardboard as a media. This was phenomenological research. This research used semi-structured interviews with some students who used flash cardboard in learning storytelling. Purposive sampling was used in this research. The result shows that the student got positive impacts facilitated by the flash cardboard media, they became more confident in speaking in front of the class, they were not involved because flash cardboard helped them, students also supported speaking fluently, they can produce more than 190 words per minute (wpm) but not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and grammar. By using flash cardboard as the media, the media can be an alternative method in learning English specifically speaking class because it forces students to speak (really make them speak) following the target language. In the end, it can also be concluded that learning English using flash cardboard media can improve students' language skills and speaking skills. The students maintain their ability in speaking smoothly not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and of course the grammar. The recommendation for further study is the other researchers can add the respondents with another English skill.
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Knysh, Oleh, Ivan Reheі, Nazar Kandiak, Serhij Ternytskyi, and Bohdan Ivaskiv. "Experimental Evaluation of Eccentric Mechanism Power Loading of Movable Pressure Plate in Die-Cutting Press." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0032.
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Abstract The paper reports experimental research on torques during cardboard cutting in the die-cutting press with eccentrics in the drive of the movable pressure plate. To conduct the research, an experimental bench with eccentrics in the drive of the die-cutting press is designed and manufactured. The manufactured experimental device for the research on cardboard blanks provides the possibility of getting dependencies of loadings at different parameters of the die-cutting process. The experimental approach envisages the use of the strain gauge measurement method and the wireless module for data collecting, as well as the software for its processing, for getting trustworthy results with minimum faults. The method gives an opportunity to study the torque values during the cardboard-cutting efforts on the drive shaft. The paper shows changes in the torque value on the drive shaft during the kinematic cycle with and without the use of cardboard blank. The angle of the drive shaft rotation during the cutting process was evaluated at selected values of the cardboard thickness. The relationship between the linear cutting efforts and the cardboard thickness, its fibre direction, cutting rule type and rotational speed of the drive shaft is elaborated. This kind of data is approximated by a logarithmic function (logarithmic curve), at R 2 from 0.90 to 0.98. The thickness of the cardboard significantly influences the value of the linear cutting effort at all the studied parameters.
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Hussein, R. "Analytic Simulations of Packaging Cardboards with Non-Rigid Adhesives." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5311.
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The understanding of the cardboard performance is necessary to the design of packaging containers and the protection of their contents for safe deliveries. The use of adhesives is unavoidable in the manufacturing of the cardboards. Like all materials, the adhesives have finite stiffness but when used in the literature, they are assumed perfectly rigid. This study changes this assumption by using the real properties of adhesives. A closed-form solution for cardboard panelsassembled withnon-rigid adhesives, and subjected to edgewise loading is presented. The solution satisfies the equilibrium equations of the layers, the compatibility equations of stresses and strains at the interfaces, and the boundary conditions. To investigate the effects of the finite values of adhesivestiffness on the responses, numerical evaluations are conducted. The results obtained have shown that the adhesive stiffness has a strong effect on the performance. Beyond a certain level of stiffness, the usual assumption of perfect bonding used in classical theories is acceptable. This could provide an answer to what constitutes perfect bonding in terms of the ratio of the fluted layer, or simply flute, stiffness to the bonding stiffness.
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Gerry, Gerry, and Dyah Budiastuti. "Penurunan Jumlah Cacat Produksi Melalui Pendekatan Seven Tools Of Quality." Binus Business Review 5, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v5i2.1004.
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PT Cipta Lestari Packindo is a manufacturing company engaging in the manufacture of cardboards. In its operational activities, the company experiences problems like defects or faults in the cardboard production process. Therefore, there’s a need for continuous improvements so that the company won’t suffer either from loss or cost of quality that will appear in the future. To achieve that, the seven tools of quality approach were used in an attempt to repair and reduce the level of errors and the defects in production. Results of this research found there are eight types of the cardboard defection occurred during the productions. By using pareto diagram, research found three major problems that took the biggest roles: pieces that are not aligned with the rotary engine, pieces that are not aligned with the coak engine, and missing in the printing process. In the analysis process of the reduction of defective productions within the three major problems, there are six factors causing the defections: men, machines, methods, measurements, materials, and environments—with men and machines as the biggest contributors. By doing continuous improvements, the level of the defective production will decrease eventually.
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Shustykevych, A. I., A. B. Kolomiiets, Yu V. Vatuliak, and O. O. Kotovskii. "Experimental research of deformation properties of cardboard and corrugated cardboard during their creasing." Printing and Publishing 2, no. 82 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/0554-4866-2021-2-82-21-28.
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Siahaan, S. P., and Y. A. Purwanto. "The Effect of Plastic Crate and Cardboard Packaging on The Physical Quality of Fresh Red Chili." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012014.
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Abstract Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the basic consumption commodities in Indonesia for household and industrial needs. Chili is a horticultural product that was easily damaged (both physically and mechanically) and was always needed so that proper packaging and storaging can be a critical post-harvest point to maintain horticulture product freshness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect plastic crate and cardboard box packaging on the physical quality of fresh curly chili. The curly chilies that have been harvested are then sorted based on uniformity of quality. Sorting is carried out to ensure that the quality of fresh curly chilies is uniform. The chilies are put into cardboard packaging and plastic baskets neatly and fully filled, then covered with adhesive so that during transportation the chilies do not spill out of the package. The weight of each package is measured to determine the initial weight of the packed chilies and then transported using a pick-up car. After that, the chilies are stored at 150C for 16 days until curly chilies are not suitable for consumption. Chili quality measurement included weight loss, color change, hardness and water content changes. The cardboard packaging is better than using plastic crate when viewed in terms of increased weight loss (crate packaging weight losses 27,5%, cardboard packaging weight loss 24,8% after storage). Storage using plastic crate and cardboard is proven to be good at maintaining the hardness of chili (around 2,15-2,20 N after storage). Color changes was seen in basket packaging and cardboard packaging (the degree of L, a, b). In terms of changes in moisture content, plastic crate packaging is better than cardboard packaging to maintain the moisture content (The moisture content in plastic crate packaging was 82% to 74%, moisture content in cardboard packaging was 81% to 75%).
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Zorenko, Oksana, Yaroslav Zorenko, Iryna Kupalkina-Luhova, Vasyl Skyba, and Rozaliya Khokhlova. "Influence of the surface characteristics of corrugated cardboard on the quality of inkjet printing." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (114) (December 29, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.244617.
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This paper investigates the quality of inkjet printing on corrugated cardboard with various characteristics such as the presence of surface coating, the type of cardboard structure, the corrugated layer profile, and the corrugated cardboard height. The color characteristics of the corrugated board surface of studied samples were analyzed in the CIE Lab system; the value of the discrepancy in the shade of white was established when compared with the reference values of the ISO 12647 standard. During the study, the main criteria for assessing the quality of color reproduction of inkjet imprints were analyzed: an indicator of the general contrast level (K), the value of color differences for the basic tone shades (ΔE), and the volume of the body color coverage (ΔE2). It was found that when printing on various types of corrugated cardboard, there is a general decrease in the overall contrast value. The actual level of color differences is ΔE=10...45 and exceeds the permissible standards for the color reproduction quality. This adversely affects the reproduction of different color tones in the printed image. In general, the quality of color reproduction differs for the test samples of corrugated cardboard in terms of the magnitude of the spread in the values of color distortions on the tone shades. The influence of the main characteristics of the investigated samples of corrugated cardboard on the quality indicators of inkjet printing has been analyzed. In particular, a significant influence of the index of color characteristics of the surface of corrugated cardboard L* and the type of corrugated board structure on the quality of color reproduction has been established. The study results reported here could make it possible to reasonably approach the selection of the corrugated board structure that is optimal in composition, increase the productivity of the technological process for manufacturing containers, and stabilize the quality of printing on corrugated cardboard
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Tanaka, Junya, and Akihito Ogawa. "Cardboard Box Depalletizing Robot Using Two-Surface Suction and Elastic Joint Mechanisms: Mechanism Proposal and Verification." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0474.
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This paper proposes a new method for a depalletizing robot in distribution center to transfer cardboard boxes. Through the use of elastic joint mechanisms, the proposed method reduces the deformation and breakage of cardboard boxes as well as shifts in position and posture due to collapses of the stacks. To validate the proposed method, we developed a linear depalletizing robot that consists of a main arm that supports a vacuum suction type end effector via elastic joint mechanisms and a conveyor arm for conveying cardboard boxes. The proposed transfer method is characterized by a series of actions using the elastic joint mechanisms of the end effector to pick up and lift a cardboard box by two of its sides and then tilt and take it out of a roll box pallet on a conveyor. Tests show that the robot can successfully transfer cardboard boxes using only simple motions in spite of various changes in box position and posture, and that the new joint mechanisms operate effectively.
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McKendrick, DRA, LJ Snedden, R. Bunch, and H. McGregor. "Pragmatic Recycling of Paper and Cardboard in the Operating Theatre: An Audit." Journal of Perioperative Practice 27, no. 3 (March 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891702700302.
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Despite recent legislation introduced in Scotland and motivated recycling at home, very little recycling exists within theatre environments. This study audited the introduction of recycling of paper and cardboard. All waste within a single operating theatre was collected by a dedicated team for 20 surgical cases. The collection of clean paper and cardboard packaging was limited to the theatre preparation room (TPR) and anaesthetic room (AR). No waste segregation was attempted within the operating theatre itself. The results showed that the AR produced a mean weight of 1.3kg of waste per patient (50% paper and cardboard), and the TPR produced 3.05kg per patient (33% general waste; 44% paper; 23% cardboard). Recycling saved a mean of £0.51 per case. The 54kg of recycled bags produced during the study saved 25kg CO2 emissions. This study describes a pragmatic method to recycle paper and cardboard within the TPR and AR. There are significant potential financial and environmental savings to be achieved.
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Kvak, Karol. "ECOLOGICAL SOLUTION OF GOODS PACKAGING FOR B2C LOGISTICS." Acta logistica 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i3.320.
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The publication describes the development of a new method suitable for selecting an environmentally friendly packaging solution in B2C logistics, which is currently facing major challenges. The key for developing the new method is the fact that the selection process is greatly influenced by the ecological aspects of the supplier's solution and the efficiency of working with the proposed solution, as these are the key aspects of the future in logistics. In the results and discussion, we will focus on a specific company that currently uses 14-size variants of cardboard packaging. Based on our analysis, we reduced these to four variants and streamlined the process of ordering, handling and storage of cardboards. Using the OEE metrics, we calculated the feasibility of this solution, which was only at the level of 65% compared to the metrics set by the company's management. With the help of the suppliers, we have designed a new solution that was tested under the same conditions using the OEE metrics. In the test, we have reached the level of 98%, which means a 33% increase in efficiency. At the same time, this solution is highly environmentally friendly and does not use polypropylene adhesive tapes, which pollute the environment. We then compared the results and evaluated the best quotes for both types of cardboards. The newly designed solution is only 4.9% more expensive than the currently used type of cardboard. Based on the results achieved, we can conclude that the new method offers companies the most advanced approach to choosing a suitable solution for B2C logistics.
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Sales, Rosemary Bom Conselho, Annibal Gouvêa Franco, Nelcy Della Santina Mohallem, and Maria Teresa Paulino Aguilar. "Study of Double Walled Corrugated Cardboard as an Alternative Material for Eco-Friendly Designed Furniture." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.195.
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The global production capacity of corrugated cardboard used in packaging increased by 3.5% per year in the last decade. These packages have limited life span and, after use, contribute for increasing the waste stream on the planet. An interesting alternative for their reuse is the manufacture of unconventional furniture and objects. Nevertheless, there are few studies addressing the performance of cardboard for their application in furniture products. In this study we characterized corrugated cardboard by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction, determination of the basic weight of paper (grammage), resistance to burst, column compression and uniaxial compression of test samples manufactured with a specific geometry. Results indicate that cardboard can be a material of great feasibility and workability to be used in furniture design.
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HALYSH, VITA, and IRYNA DEYKUN. "RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF CARDBOARD AND PAPER PRODUCTS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-112-115.
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Nowadays, the products of domestic enterprises of the pulp and paper industry are 80% made from secondary raw materials – recycling paper, which negatively affects its quality, narrows the range and limits the scope of use. This state of the industry connected with the lack of domestic production of cellulose fibrous products. The raw material problem of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine can be solved by using annual plants and wastes of crop processing for the production of fibrous materials for various purposes. Rapeseed stalks can be considered as a promising raw material to meet the needs of the pulp and paper industry. The aim of the work is to study the physical and mechanical properties of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, which contain cellulose fibers of rapeseed stalks. This paper presents the results of research of sizes of elementary cellulose fibers from rapeseed stalks. Studies of the fractional composition showed that 70% of cellulose fibers from rapeseed have a length in the range of 0.02 to 0.81 mm and only 30% have a length exceeding 1 mm. To study the effect of cellulose content from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper, paper samples of 80 g/m2 were prepared at different ratios of cellulose from non-wood raw materials to coniferous cellulose. Studies have shown that the surface of paper made of non-wood pulp has a high smoothness and uniform lumen and is more elastic compared to paper made of bleached coniferous sulfate pulp. According to the results of physical and mechanical tests, it can be concluded that the increase in the content of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper leads to a decrease in all physical and mechanical properties of the paper. To study the effect of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in a cardboard composition for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, cardboard samples of 175 g/m2 were made. Recycling paper of MS-6B was used as a bottom layer, and non-wood pulp as a surface layer of cardboard. The ratio of recycling paper to non-wood pulp in laboratory samples of cardboard was 80:20 mass %. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use for the surface layer of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks allows to obtain cardboard with strength values that fully meet the requirements for cardboard of K-1 type. In general, it was shown that non-wood rapeseed pulp can be used to replace more expensive sulfate bleached coniferous pulp in the production of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard as a surface layer.
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Markulytė, Simona, Vytautas Turla, and Jonas Sidaravičius. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE QUALITY OF UV VARNISHING / LAKAVIMO ULTRAVIOLETINIU LAKU KOKYBĖS TYRIMAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 6 (January 3, 2012): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.109.
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Varnishing quality and the gloss of lithographic prints on different papers and cardboards were evaluated using expertise rating. It was found that varnishing quality and gloss increase with grammage do not depend on the varnish grade (two grades were tested) and is the same for the paper and cardboard of the same grammage. Santrauka Ekspertiniu būdu ištirta ofsetinių atspaudų ant įvairių popieriaus ir kartono rūšių lakavimo ultravioletiniu (toliau – UV) laku bendroji kokybė ir blizgumas. Nustatyta, kad lakavimo kokybė ir blizgumas gerėja didėjant popieriaus gramatūrai, lakavimo kokybė nepriklauso nuo lako rūšies (tirtos dvi rūšys) ir tos pačios gramatūros popieriaus ir kartono yra vienoda.
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Hilwan, Iwan, and Meida Rosani. "Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Reklamasi PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara terhadap Penggunaan Mulsa Organik Kardus." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.2.109-117.
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Plant growth determined factors such as environmental manipulation of seeds, including maintenance and pest disease prevention integrated. Intensive maintenance needs to be done especially when the plant is still young-old. Use organic mulch cardboard including part of plant maintenance to suppress weed competition with staple crops at a young age. In addition the use of mulch, organic boxes are expected to give positive influence against the growth of staple crops and chemical properties as well as land reclamation in soil biology. The results showed that organic mulching cardboard gives positive influence against the reclamation plant growth based on parameters of high and in diameter. The development of plants under around staple crops can be suppressed. Chemical properties of the soil showed improvement in some elements of the chemistry of the soil with organic mulch using cardboard. The diversity of types of makrofauna the soil around the plants with mulch treatments staple cardboard categories include being with Shannon's Diversity index value-Wiener of 1.57 while in treatment control categories include low value of 1.48.
Keywords: cardboard mulch, plant growth, reclamation, weed
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Anggry, Adhe, Shanty Dwi K, and Indah Riezky P. "PROYEK PENGGUNAAN KEMBALI SAMPAH KARDUS MENJADI BENDA PAKAI UNTUK SATUAN PENDIDIKAN DI KABUPATEN BANGKA." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Polmanbabel 2, no. 02 (September 19, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/dulang.v2i02.246.
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Inorganic waste in the form of cardboard waste can be reused into various recycled creations that have economic value. This service project aims to provide direct benefits from recycling cardboard waste into disposable objects for educational units in Bangka Regency. The cardboard waste recycling method starts from collecting cardboard waste around the Polman Negeri Babel environment and implementing a creation class. The creation class was attended by several students of Mechanical Design Engineering study program. The design of disposable objects is made using AutoDesk Inventor software according to the theme and design form. In making the design, the main thing that must be considered is that the dimensions of the used object must be adjusted to the size of the cardboard that is available or used. The result of this service project is that the UKS Shelf consists of three objects, namely the UKS shelf, first aid kit and file box, each made in 4 copies, so that there are 4 Education Units in Bangka Regency that will benefit directly from this project.
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Mrówczyński, Damian, Anna Knitter-Piątkowska, and Tomasz Garbowski. "Optimal Design of Double-Walled Corrugated Board Packaging." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062149.
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Designing corrugated board packaging is a real challenge, especially when the packaging material comes from multiple recycling. Recycling itself is a pro-ecological and absolutely necessary process, but the mechanical properties of materials that are processed many times deteriorate with the number of cycles. Manufacturers are trying to use unprecedented design methods to preserve the load-bearing capacity of packaging, even when the material itself is of deteriorating quality. An additional obstacle in the process of designing the structure of paper packaging is the progressive systematic reduction of the grammage (the so-called lightweight process) of corrugated cardboard. Therefore, this research presents a critical look at the process of optimal selection of corrugated cardboard for packaging structures, depending on the paper used. The study utilizes analytical, simplified formulas to estimate the strength of cardboard itself as well as the strength of packaging, which are then analyzed to determine their sensitivity to changes in cardboard components, such as the types of paper of individual layers. In the performed sensitivity analysis, numerical homogenization was used, and the influence of initial imperfections on the packaging mechanics was determined. The paper presents a simple algorithm for the optimal selection of the composition of corrugated cardboard depending on the material used and the geometry of the packaging, which allows for a more conscious production of corrugated cardboard from materials derived, e.g., from multiple recycling.
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Midukov, Nikolay Petrovich, and Viktor Sergeyevich Kurov. "EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF CARDBOARD ON ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021049208.
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The article is devoted to the prediction of mechanical properties on the study of the microstructure of the cross section of cardboard. The results of the work in the future can be used as an addition to standard methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of cardboard. On the basis of images of the microstructure of the cross sections of the two-layer test liner cardboard and their graphic processing using modern computer programs, the lengths of fiber contacts were determined. Guided by the fact that the most significant indicator of all geometric parameters of the microstructure is the length of fiber contacts, the main mechanical properties of cardboard were determined (bursting strength and compression resistance, breaking length, bending stiffness, interlayer strength)produced according to various technologies (conventional method of preparing recovered paper stock, dry defibration of recovered paper with aerodynamic formation of the top layer, dry defibration of recovered paper with subsequent supply of fibers to the stock and dry defibration of recovered paper with subsequent grinding in the stock). Each of the technologies allows to obtain cardboard with different mechanical parameters. It has been established that almost all mechanical indicators depend directly proportionally on the length of the fiber contact lines. The obtained dependencies can be used to predict the mechanical properties of cardboard in its production at industry enterprises.
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Boonmee, Thummanoon, Laedlugkana Wongthaveethong, Chainarong Sinpoo, Terd Disayathanoowat, Jeffery S. Pettis, and Veeranan Chaimanee. "Surface Modification of Materials by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma to Improve Impregnation with Essential Oils for the Control of Tropilaelaps Mites in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 5800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125800.
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In this research, the absorption and release rate of the essential oil, Amomum krervanh, by seven different materials were evaluated. Cardboard showed the highest EO absorption capacity (0.93 ± 0.0052 μL of oil/mg of dry cardboard) followed by balsa wood and drawing board with the EO absorption of 0.77 ± 0.043 and 0.62 ± 0.010 μL of oil/mg of dry material, respectively. The results also demonstrated that cardboard had the highest EO retention (52.84 ± 0.687% after 20 min of analysis). Additionally, the essential oil was released from the drawing board and cardboard at the same rate during the observation period. Surface modification of drawing board and cardboard was performed using atmospheric-pressure plasma for enhancing the material properties for Tropilaelaps control. The absorption capacity of cardboard was decreased after plasma treatment at an argon flow rate of 0.25 and 0.5 Lpm for 60 s/cm2. However, the atmospheric-pressure plasma did not change the EO release property of these materials. Scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated a fractured and scaly surface after plasma treatment of gas flow rate at 0.5 Lpm and 1.0 Lpm for 30 s/cm2. The surface chemical composition of materials was not altered following plasma treatment. Although the number of mite-infested brood cells did not differ significantly between treatment groups at the end of the field experiment, Tropilaelaps spp. populations in the plasma-treated cardboard impregnated with EO 5% (v/v) treatment were lower on days 7–14 of the experiment. Thus, parameters related to the atmospheric-pressure plasma should be further optimized to improve the material surfaces for use with essential oils to control honeybee mites.
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Abdelmalek, Fady, Alexander Steinbüchel, and Marian Rofeal. "The Hyperproduction of Polyhydroxybutyrate Using Bacillus mycoides ICRI89 through Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Affordable Cardboard." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2022): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142810.
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Bioplastics are contemplated as remarkable substitutes for conventional plastics to accommodate green technological advancements. However, their industrial production has not been fully implemented owing to the cost of carbon resources. From another perspective, valorizing different paper mill wastes has become a prominent research topic. These materials may serve as an affording sustainable feedstock for bioplastic production. Adjustment of cardboard waste hydrolysate as suitable fermentation media for production of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been investigated. Cardboard samples were defibered and dried before enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic degradation of commercial cellulase was monitored over 15 days. Interestingly, 18.2 ± 0.2 g/L glucose yield was obtained from 50 g cardboard samples using a 1.5% (v/v) enzyme concentration. The samples exhibited maximum weight loss values of 69–73%. Meanwhile, five soil samples were collected from local sites in Lodz, Poland. A total of 31 bacterial isolates were screened and cultured on Nile blue plates. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the most potent producer revealed 100% similarity to Bacillus mycoides. Cardboard hydrolysates whole medium, modified MSM with cardboard hydrolysate and nitrogen depleted MSM with cardboard hydrolysate were utilized for PHA production, followed by PHA productivity and cell dry weight (CDW) estimation compared to glucose as a standard carbon source. An impressive PHA accumulation of 56% CDW was attained when the waste hydrolysate was used as a carbon source. FTIR and NMR analysis of the isolated PHA indicated that functional groups of the polymer were related to PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate). Thermal analysis demonstrates that PHB and PHB-CB (PHB produced from cardboard hydrolysate) have degradation temperatures of 380 and 369 °C, respectively, which reflect the high thermal stability and heat resistance compared to the same properties for a standard polymer. This is the first demonstration of full saccharification of corrugated cardboard paper waste for high-level production of PHA. In addition, the attained PHB productivity is one of the highest levels achieved from a real lignocellulosic waste.
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Prica, Miljana, Milena Dalmacija, Bozo Dalmacija, Jelena Trickovic, and Snezana Maletic. "The use of cardboard factory sludge in the remediation of zinc contaminated sediment." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 8 (2012): 1097–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111111022p.
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Paper and cardboard factory sludges are generated by various processes during pulp, cardboard and paper production, and the increasing quantities produced make the disposal of this sludge a problem. This study investigates the use of cardboard factory sludge as a stabilizing agent in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of zinc polluted sediment. Semidynamic and toxicity leaching tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization treatment and long-term zinc leaching behaviour. A diffusion-based model was used to elucidate the controlling leaching mechanisms. The applied S/S treatment was effective in immobilizing zinc, and the controlling leaching mechanism appeared to be diffusion, which indicates that a slow leaching of zinc could be expected when cardboard mill sludge is applied as a S/S agent.
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Agarwal, G., Gang Liu, and Brian Lattimer. "Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Cardboard." Fire Safety Science 11 (2014): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.11-124.
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Basirova, S. I., M. F. Galikhanov, and L. R. Galeeva. "Surface Properties of Modified Cardboard." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 10, 2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.233.
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Lukic, Ljubomir, Zoran Andjelkovic, and Suzana Stamatovic. "Computer integration of cardboard production." Chemical Industry 58, no. 5 (2004): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0405221l.
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A company for the development of software for industrial applications "PBS" Belgrade has designed a modern information system for monitoring and controlling production in the paper industry, which is completely integrated with the technological equipment and production processes. The paper presents the complete concept of the system, from electronic communication with business partners over computer support to all the production processes in the factory, to the delivery of the products to the customers. Realized as a CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) system, it enables management to have a complete overview of the condition of all the production and business activities, and ensures momentary and complete reliable information about all the parameters of the business system. Although the system was developed for the needs of the cardboard factory "Umka", with particular modifications, it could also be used in other factories of the paper and cardboard packaging industry.