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Wendler, Sven Dieter, and not supplied. "Washboarding of Corrugated Cardboard." RMIT University. Applied Physics, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080107.112118.
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The aims of the thesis were to study how washboarding (the undulations present on the surface of corrugated cardboard used to manufacture boxes) relates to the mechanical properties of paper and the board manufacturing conditions and to examine the impact of washboarding upon the structural integrity and printability of corrugated cardboard packaging. A digital image profilometry technique was developed to measure the washboarding profiles of corrugated board. This technique was used to measure the washboarding depth and profiles for a range of corrugated boards, some constructed manually and some machine manufactured. This enabled a study into how a change in the mechanical properties of paper and glue affect washboarding depth. The effect that the speed of machine manufacturing had upon the degree of washboarding was also determined. A study of how environmental conditions affect washboarding geometry was undertaken. The effects of the extent of washboarding upon a range of board performance measures were tested empirically and modelled using Finite Element Analysis. These were edgewise compression testing (ECT), three-point bend, and MD-Shear (an Amcor Ltd. proprietary test). A method was developed to measure full-tone print coverage of corrugated board and was used to study how washboarding affects the printing quality of corrugated board.
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Nordstedt, Tobias. "Conceptual Development of an Automated Corrugated Cardboard Box Filler." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354431.
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The project aimed at conceptually develop a solution that is able to automatically transfer an already stacked and measured heap of goods from an order tote into an erected corrugated cardboard box, whereas the dimensions of the corrugated cardboard box and the stack are allowed to vary within a specified interval. The method for this project consisted of five main parts: feasibility study; concept generation; concept choice; design; and evaluation. The project was initiated by a feasibility study where the problem was clarified and knowledge regarding the problem was gathered. The feasibility study resulted in an user requirement specification and a product requirement specification. The product requirement specification was utilized in the evaluation processof the final developed concept. The concept generation was conducted according to structured methods prescribed by Ulrich and Eppinger. The concept choice was done by the use of Pughs concept choice matrix. The result of this project consists of a conceptual proposal of how the previously described problem may be solved. The final developed concept resulted in a cad model. The evaluation showed that the concept did not fulfill the product requirement specification, despite this it is assessed that the concept in its working principle has good merits that are worth further investigation. Further development of the concept remain and validation of the working principle is needed. Further choices concerning form, material, and components remain. The report contributes to a foundation for further development of an automated filling mechanism for erected corrugated cardboard boxes.
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Reay, Jonathan. "An investigation into the dynamic response of cardboard honeycombs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6977/.
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Cardboard honeycombs are used extensively in the packaging industry to protect objects from abnormally high loading conditions. They provide a substantial amount of energy dissipation while being lightweight, structurally efficient, cost-effective and easily disposed of (or recycled) once used. These beneficial properties have also led to the widespread use of cardboard honeycombs as a method to protect air-dropped cargo from the shock loading encountered during parachute deployment and impact with the ground. When cardboard honeycombs are crushed at the strain-rates typical of a lowvelocity impact event, such as an air drop, the air pressures, which develop within the honeycomb as a result of a compaction of the entrapped air, are comparable in magnitude to the stiffness of the cell wall deformation response. Thus, the dynamic energy dissipation properties of cardboard honeycombs are dependent on the mechanics of a coupled air-structure deformation mechanism. This thesis studies the mechanics of the air-structure deformation mechanism and investigates how it is affected by variations in the material and geometrical properties of the cardboard honeycomb cell walls. During a series of experimental impact tests on cardboard honeycomb samples of various known geometries, both macroscopic behaviour and the development of air pressures at four internal locations are measured (Chapter 3). An explicit Lagrangian/ ALE numerical model of the cardboard honeycomb and entrapped air is then developed, using the commercial hydrocode LS-Dyna (Chapter 4). The numerical model is used to study the effects of variations in the cell wall material properties (Chapter 5), and their meso and macroscale geometrical arrangement (Chapter 6) on the cardboard honeycomb's energy dissipating characteristics. A summary of the experimental and numerical findings is then given (Chapter 7), with consideration of implications for an end user.
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Black, Catherine Dianne. "Optimal inventory control in cardboard box producing factories : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16259.
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Thesis (MScIngwet)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a case study in optimal inventory control, applied to Clickabox factory, a South African cardboard box producer from whom cardboard boxes may be ordered at short notice via the internet. The problem of developing a decision–support system for optimal stockholding at the factory, in order to minimize cardboard off–cut wastage subject to required service levels, is addressed in this thesis. Previously a simple replenishment policy, based largely on experience, was implemented at the factory. The inventory model developed for and applied to Clickabox in this thesis takes account of a raw materials substitution cascade, as well as the stochasticity of demand, and other factors such as cost, service level and spatial requirements for the storage of stock. This combination of stochastic demand and product substitution has not, to the author’s knowledge, previously been dealt with in the literature. There are two primary deliverables of this study. The first is a suggestion as to the suitable stock composition (cardboard types from which boxes may be manufactured) to be kept in inventory at the factory. The second deliverable is a computerised decision–support system, based on the inventory model developed, to aid in future inventory replenishment decisions at Clickabox. Some of the results of this thesis have, at the time of writing, already been implemented with success at the factory. These include the suggestions given to the management of Clickabox as to the suitable stock types to be held in inventory, which have been implemented in stages since March 2003. The suggested stock composition has proven to be superior to the previous stock types held, in terms of a reduction in off–cut wastage and increased availability of suitable boards.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ’n gevallestudie in optimale voorraadbeheer, toegepas op Clickabox fabriek, ’n Suid–Afrikaanse kartondoosprodusent by wie kartondose op kort kennisgewing via die internet bestel kan word. In hierdie tesis word ’n besluitnemingsteunstelsel ontwikkel vir optimale bestuur van voorraad by die fabriek, wat karton afknipselvermorsing onderhewig aan vereiste diensvlakke minimeer. Vantevore is ’n eenvoudige voorraad aanvullingstrategie, wat hoofsaaklik op ondervinding gebaseer was, by die fabriek toegepas. ’n Wetenskaplike gefundeerde voorraadmodel word vir Clickabox ontwikkel en toegepas, waarin ’n rou–voorraad kaskade– substitusie proses in aanmerking geneem word, asook die stogastiese vraag na kartondose en faktore soos prys, diensvlakke en benodigde stoorruimte. Hierdie kombinasie van stogastiese vraag en rou–voorraad kaskade–substitusie is, tot die skrywer se kennis, nog nie in die literatuur behandel nie. Die studie het twee hoof–uitkomste ten doel. Die eerste is ’n aanbeveling ten opsigte van ’n geskikte rou–voorraad samestelling (kartontipes waaruit kartondose geproduseer kan word) wat by die fabriek in voorraad gehou moet word. Die tweede is ’n rekenaarmatige besluitnemingsteunstelsel, wat op die ontwikkelde voorraadbeheermodel gegrond is, en wat vir toekomstige besluite in verband met voorraadaanvulling by Clickabox bedoel is. Van die resultate wat in hierdie tesis vervat is, is reeds ten tyde van die opskryf daarvan doeltreffend by die fabriek ge¨ımplementeer. Ondermeer is die aanbeveling in verband met die geskikte voorraadsamestelling, geleidelik vanaf Maart 2003 by die fabriek ingefaseer. Dit het duidelik geword dat hierdie samestelling beter as die vorige voorraadprofiel funksioneer, in terme van ’n verlaging in afknipselvermorsing en ’n verhoging in die beskikbaarheid van geskikte kartonne.
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Mancini, Riccardo. "Optimizing cardboard-blank picking in a packaging machine by using Reinforcement Learning algorithms." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been one of the most promising research topics for years and the world of industrial process control is beginning to approach the possibilities offered by the so-called Machine Learning. Problems without a model, with multiple degrees of freedom and difficult to interpret, where traditional control technologies lose efficiency, seem like the ideal benchmark for AI. This thesis focuses on a packaging machine of coffee capsules being currently optimized at the Research and Innovation department of IMA S.p.A. company. In particular, the analysis concerns the apparatus responsible for picking the cardboard blanks that will be subsequently and progressively formed to envelop the capsules. The success of this first operation depends on various controllable parameters and as many disturbances. The relationship between the former and the latter is not easily identifiable, and its understanding has so far been entrusted to the experiential knowledge of operators called to intervene in the event of incorrect picking cycles. This thesis activity aims to achieve an adaptive control using Machine Learning algorithms, specifically the ones in the branch of Reinforcement Learning, to identify and autonomously perform the correction of the parameters that best avoid missing or incorrect picking cycles, which affect the productivity of the production system and the quality of the final product. After a dissertation on the theoretical foundations and the state of the art of RL, the case study is introduced and adapted to the RL framework. The subsequent choice of the best training modality is then followed by the description of the implementation steps, and the results obtained online during the tests of the controller are finally presented.
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Balzani, Mattia. "Sviluppo e progettazione di applicazioni di realtà virtuale per Google Cardboard e piattaforme Google VR." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13659/.
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In questa tesi vengono definiti i concetti alla base della realtà virtuale (VR) e di progettazione di un’applicazione che la implementa. All'interno vengono descritte le metodologie di interazione con il mondo virtuale insieme alle tecnologie impiegate, illustrate le caratteristiche del visore Google Cardboard congiuntamente agli ambienti di sviluppo ad esso collegati ed analizzato un caso di studio costituito da un’applicazione di realtà virtuale realizzata per questa piattaforma.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di valutare Google Cardboard, congiuntamente a tutta la famiglia di dispositivi che esso rappresenta, nell’aspetto puramente tecnico, in quello di mercato ed infine sullo sviluppo e sulla progettazione relativi ad esso, prendendo Unity come riferimento per il caso di studio presentato.
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Cui, Liu, and Yee Man Wong. "How can supply network management be used to improve the quality of corrugated cardboard suppliers in China? : A case study of Tetra Pak in China." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-472.
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This thesis involved Tetra Pak and corrugated cardboard suppliers in China at various locations to understand how this industry looks like, the reasons for inconsistent quality and analysis of the current state of whole industry, and recommendations for improvement.
As innovation can bring competitive advantage to companies, our thesis focused upon making extended value of material flow from Tetra Pak and suppliers. The aim of this project is to investigate how strategic intelligence can create value and strengthen Tetra Pak business relationship with its customers in big emerging markets like China. Theoretical framework creates a foundation for how to structure the efficiently utilize intelligence in the decision-making process for a MNC.
Another aspect of the thesis was to examine supply network management process and the supplier relationship development in China, as well as the strategic, social, macro economy aspects that influence change management in medium and large organizations.
Corrugated cardboard industry in China is still in a transitioning to a mature market. One conclusion drawn from the trip to China is that the dairy producer should start emphasizing visual control on quality, and less concern on price. They should see their suppliers as long term partners but not just treat them as providers. Because it is fundamentally undercutting the ability of the organization to improve what it provides to customers through better quality and productivity. It hinders efforts from reducing cost.
Finally, the research problems we focus throughout this thesis will be answered after the analysis. Moreover, we will provide some suggestions about corrugated industry and our case company-Tetra Pak.
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Magagnatto, Yuri Nehase Zuliani Goulart. "Acompanhamento remoto para a terapia do espelho utilizando smartphone e realidade aumentada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-18102018-165531/.
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Soluções computacionais desenvolvidas para dispositivos móveis são cada vez mais comuns. A popularização de aplicativos móveis possibilitou o desenvolvimento de soluções para diversas áreas de grande potencial, como a área da saúde, entre ela a Terapia Ocupacional. Entre essas soluções, trabalhos apresentaram diversos métodos computacionais para o apoio a Terapia do Espelho. A terapia do espelho é um método que consiste na execução de exercícios com um membro saudável refletido em um espelho de modo que a visualização auxilie na redução da dor e na reabilitação do membro afetado. Essa terapia tem apresentado resultados, entre outros, na reabilitação para indivíduos que reportam dor do membro fantasma ou em recuperação pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). A literatura apresenta soluções computacionais para, entre outros, permitir a visualização do membro saudável a partir de tecnologias de realidade aumentada e de dispositivos vestíveis. Essas soluções muitas vezes são de difícil acesso e economicamente inviáveis. Um trabalho anterior, realizado em colaboração com equipe multidisciplinar, resultou na definição de um modelo de acompanhamento remoto que emprega dispositivos móveis para permitir o monitoramento de pacientes em tratamento por meio da terapia do espelho. Uma das limitações encontradas naquele trabalho foi o fato do terapeuta não conseguir acompanhar de maneira automática se o paciente está executando a terapia de maneira correta. Explorando essas contribuições e limitações, este trabalho teve como objetivo propor um modelo que permita o acompanhamento remoto da terapia do espelho com apoio de recursos de realidade aumentada. Como apoio computacional ao modelo, foi desenvolvida a aplicação para smartphones TEIRA (Terapia do Espelho Interativa com Realidade Aumentada) que, utilizada em conjunto com a tecnologia Google Cardboard, permite a execução da terapia do espelho com realidade aumentada. Além disso, com a integração do sistema TEIRA com o sistema de planejamento de intervenções ESPIM (Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method), foi possível proporcionar um método de acompanhamento remoto com coleta de dados e vídeo. Consulta a especialistas indica que a solução apresenta benefícios potenciais para o monitoramento do paciente durante o acompanhamento remoto, que ajudem o paciente a executar a terapia de maneira correta.Computational solutions developed for mobile devices are increasingly common. The popularization of mobile applications enabled the development of solutions for several areas of great potential, such as the health area, including Occupational Therapy. Among these solutions, papers presented several computational methods to support Mirror Therapy. Mirror therapy is a method that involves performing exercises with a healthy limb reflected in a mirror so that visualization helps in reducing pain and in rehabilitating the affected limb. This therapy has shown results, among others, in rehabilitation for individuals who report phantom limb pain or in post-stroke recovery. The literature presents computational solutions to, among others, allow visualization of the healthy limb from technologies of augmented reality and wearable devices. These solutions are often difficult to access and economically unfeasible. Previous work, conducted in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, resulted in the definition of a remote monitoring model that uses mobile devices to allow the monitoring of patients being treated by means of mirror therapy. One of the limitations found in this work was that the therapist was unable to automatically follow up if the patient was performing the therapy correctly. Exploring these contributions and limitations, this work aimed to propose a model that allows remote monitoring of mirror therapy with the support of augmented reality resources. As a computational support to the model, the application was developed for TEIRA (Interactive Mirror Therapy with Augmented Reality) which, used in conjunction with the Google Cardboard technology, allows the execution of mirror therapy with reality increased. In addition, with the integration of the TEIRA system with the ESPIM (Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method) intervention system, it was possible to provide a remote monitoring method with data and video collection. Expert consultation indicates that the solution has potential benefits for patient monitoring during remote monitoring, which will help the patient perform the therapy correctly.
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Covher, Corbin R. "Packaged Little Lives." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1787.
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This document attempts to capture the main ideas and evolution of my art making process during the three years of graduate studies at the University of New Orleans. My art making practice is an ever-evolving exploration of materials and ideas. Through art processes and experimentations I am able to overcome negative feelings about my role in society. I get lost in my process making things, thinking about things, and trying to come up with new ideas for the world. I am attempting to heighten mundane materials like cardboard, crayons, foams and concrete with intuitive abstract shape making. I am trying to present materials to the viewers in a way that is unusual and engaging. It is my hope that in doing so they might think about similar things that I think about while making the objects.
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Blignaut, Stefan Louis. "Material Exploration of a Chair." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90794.
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A chair was designed and built through exploration of material and form. Cardboard was chosen as the main material to create the chair. Initially it was paired with concrete and a first study was developed. Cardboard and concrete as materials were too different and did not support each other. Failures in the design and material were noted which informed the next steps of the thesis. Rather than stacking the cardboard, I implemented a quarter iso-grid that required less cardboard, could create more complex forms, and was also able to interface more effectively with other materials. A chair form was designed to be tested. Ultimately, two materials were chosen to compliment the cardboard quarter iso-grid. In the first chair a fiberglass skin was used to cover the cardboard, providing lightweight structural support. The second chair used steel in place of fiberglass. Sections of the cardboard were replaced with steel. The two versions of the chair each had their strengths and weaknesses. The fiberglass was lightweight, strong, and smooth, however it was difficult to work with and the cardboard became less apparent as a part of the chair. On the other hand the steel fit into the quarter iso-grid as a rib element similar to the cardboard making the quarter iso-grid and cardboard more apparent. The steel suffered in strength due to the notches necessary for the quarter iso-grid and had to be reinforced.Master of Architecture
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Kumpf, Baele Kirsten Elisabeth. "Thinking outside of the cardboard box: the conditions, meanings and myths of "Obdachlosigkeit"in German fiction and film." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2553.
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This dissertation identifies a small range of German literary and filmic works beginning in 1898 and ending in 2009 in which the embodiment of homelessness demonstrates a reassertion of space. Despite the recent attention paid to space and the sense of permeability and movement that they can suggest in narratives, literary experts have published little on what surely must be one of the most politically and socially-charged of all spaces--uncanny spaces that include individuals so common to us and yet also so varyingly different--that is, homeless spaces. This liminal zone frequently opens up the potential for inner transformation and unforeseen possibility for not only the homeless character but quite possibly for other marginalized groups as well.
The work done here looks for homeless instances in modern German artistic expression that suggest productivity, possibility, change and even power in the transient literary and filmic character and how such manifestations relate to Germany's larger social, historical and political contexts. I juxtapose my textual findings on German homelessness with relevant theories like liminality, geocriticism and ecofeminism in order to illustrate how the transgression of boundaries can tell us much about the deconstruction of binaries such as domestic/public, male/female, young/old and the transfer of power; and to demonstrate that a German homeless condition is constructed differently through discrete social and cultural networks and through alternative spaces. I am particularly interested in the lack of analyses concerning homeless women and children and what this suggests about broader trends in gender and age formation with regard to a person's home or lack thereof. My attention to the textual aesthetics and narratological devices that underline homelessness offer additional insight into its poetics and literary significance.
In sum, the dissertation at hand contributes to finding value in the homeless population's spatial transgression by actually locating it literally. The following chapters consider homelessness first and foremost as linked to a spatial concept in which the homeless figure's act of moving and transgressing normative boundaries is considered paramount. The German texts and films herein are linked by their relationship with the space in which they evolve.
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Distefano, Dario Luigi. "Precast lightness, cardboard architecture responds to emergency - design, prototyping and testing of a high performance emergency house-kit." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4195.
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Housing emergency is a central problem to which all communities must give rapid and reliable answers.
Recent scene is characterized by an increasing of social pressure and dramatic changes in human conditions, resulting from economic crisis, wars, and climate changes. As a drastic result, we are witnessing the explosion of effects of natural disaster, such as floods, earthquake, tsunami, in terms of lost life, evacuees and refugees.
The aim of this research is the implementation of a comfortable housing module that could be assembled by victims themselves in much time then a tent but in much less time than a standard emergency inhabiting solution.
A temporary emergency housing module is the results of a holistic approach, that combines form and function studies, materials and technologies, territory and climate to match the traditional design issues, such as comfort, safety and quality of living conditions, with the particular issues of an emergency application such as transportability, quickness, facility and repeatability.
The key instruments used to drive the research are: comparative analysis of the state of the art, manuals provided by the civil protection bodies, and parametric bioclimatic strategies.
The comparative evaluation of the common Italian civil protection solutions has defined the boundaries of the emergency design, pointing out the necessity of a new proposal of emergency housing modules that can be assembled and disassembled, halfway between the tents and the common housing solutions.
The parametric design has allowed to characterize some design variables in order to make the building model repeatable in several climatic conditions.
The executive design, produced by addressing a search for innovative solutions on the market, is the final design phase.
The research process continues with the production moment. The goal in building a full-scale prototype is the validation of theoretical hypothesis: it is possible to build an emergency house-kit made of corrugated cardboard.
The conclusion of the research is the testing moment. The idea is to compare the results of on-site measurements with the outcomes of the simulation phase at the same climate conditions. The results of the measurements are coherent with the expected results produced by the simulations.
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Salavatian, Seyedehmamak. "Design of cardboard prefabricated temporary dwellings through economic and hygrothermal assessment-according to nZEB requirements in warm-temperate climates." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243087.
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Uno degli obiettivi più importanti applicati dalla rifusione dell'EPBD è che entro la fine del 2020, tutti i nuovi edifici devono essere edifici a energia quasi zero. Nell'attuale regolamento, alcune categorie di tipi di edifici sono escluse da questa procedura di valutazione, inclusi edifici temporanei con un periodo di utilizzo inferiore a due anni. Sebbene ultimamente siano state sviluppate costruzioni prefabbricate, raramente sono stati condotti studi sulle prestazioni energetiche. Tuttavia, una fase cruciale delle abitazioni post disastro è il periodo di alloggio nelle case temporanee che può durare tre anni o più. Pertanto, richiede un'attenzione più seria alla loro efficienza energetica. Questa ricerca affronta le suddette preoccupazioni. In questo studio, viene presa in considerazione la progettazione economica ed efficiente dal punto di vista energetico delle case temporanee di emergenza adatte al contesto italiano, con particolare attenzione alle regioni con clima temperato caldo. Essendo un materiale innovativo, riciclato al 100% e a basso impatto ambientale, è stato utilizzato il cartone a nido d'ape per isolamenti delle pareti; sono state condotte indagini sperimentali e analitiche per determinarne le caratteristiche termiche e ambientali. È stata progettata una tipologia di edificio con caratteristiche di flessibilità ed espandibilità da prendere come edificio di riferimento. Le buste per pareti, tetto e pavimento sono state progettate, valutate in merito al trasferimento di calore e umidità e modificate per essere compatibili con i più recenti requisiti di prestazione energetica. Simulazioni di energia per l'intero edificio sono state condotte in tre zone climatiche italiane calde (B, C e D) per studiare l'effetto delle condizioni climatiche sul loro fabbisogno di energia termica. Effettuando uno studio parametrico sulla trasmittanza termica dell'inviluppo opaco nelle gamme di normative richieste, è stato analizzato che dal punto di vista dell'efficienza energetica in termini di costi, in climi più miti varianti di inviluppo con minore resistenza termica e in climi più caldi con quelli più alti anziché i limiti richiesti potrebbe trovarsi nel corridoio ottimale in termini di costi. Inoltre, sono stati valutati diversi orizzonti temporali e si suggerisce che, considerando i costi di capitale e di sostituzione più influenti, il periodo di vita più appropriato per l'edificio prefabbricato debba essere scelto per la "seconda vita" dopo il periodo di occupazione. I dettagli delle gamme di soluzioni ottimali trovate sono presentati in questo studio.One of the most important targets enforced by EPBD recast is that by end of 2020, all new buildings have to be nearly zero energy buildings. In the current regulation, some building type categories are excluded from this assessment procedure, including temporary buildings with usage period less than two years. Although prefabricated construction has been developed lately, energy performance studies have rarely been carried out for them. However, one crucial stage in post-disaster housing is the accommodation period in temporary homes which may last three years or more. Therefore, it necessitates more serious attention to their energy efficiency. This research addresses the aforesaid concerns. In this study, the cost-effective and energy efficient design of emergency temporary homes suitable for Italian context with a focus on regions with warm temperate climate is considered. As an innovative, 100% recycled, and low environmental impact material, honeycomb cardboard was taken for wall insulations; experimental and analytical investigations were carried out to determine its thermal and environmental characteristics. A building typology was designed with flexibility and expandability features to be taken as reference building. Its wall, roof, and floor envelopes were designed, assessed regarding heat and moisture transfer, and modified to be compatible with the latest energy performance requirements. Whole building energy simulations were carried out in three warm Italian climate zones (B, C, and D) to investigate effect of climate conditions on their thermal energy needs. Performing a parametric study on the opaque envelope thermal transmittance in the required ranges of regulations, it was analyzed that from cost-effectiveness energy efficiency viewpoint, in milder climates envelope variants with less thermal resistance and in warmer climates with higher ones rather than the required limits could be located in the cost-optimal corridor. In addition, various time horizons were assessed and it is suggested that by considering the most influential capital and replacement costs, the most appropriate life time for the prefabricated building must be chosen for the “second life” after occupancy period. Details of the optimum solution ranges found are presented in this study.
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Hlaváček, Viliam. "Enzymatická hydrolýza odpadní lepenky s využitím metody SSF - zdroj suroviny pro výrobu kapalných biopaliv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216926.
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This master’s thesis discusses the useof enzymatic hydrolysis process of waste cardboard using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) as a source of raw materials for production of liquid biofuels. This thesis is based on theses written by Ing. Brummer and Ing.Lepař.Thus, results gained in these works have been used and also further developed. The theoretical part summarizes the reasons for further development of SSF method and discusses, as well, the achievements reached in the processing of lignocellulosic waste materials by the SSF method so far.This section also discusses the general characteristics of lignocellulosic materials and also of the cellulolytic enzymes. It focusses also on individual pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic material and options of increasing the yield of the whole process. The experimental part verifies the particular results reached in previous theses and at the same time a further optimization of the method has been carried out because of the transfer of the whole process into a fermenter. Cardboard was set as the substrate for the experiments as it was evaluated by Ing. Brummer as the best one for enzymatic hydrolysis which was carried out by enzymes from Novozymes®. Parameters such as temperature, pH and kind of used buffer, the loading concentration of substrate and enzymes, were set according to the thesis of Ing. Lepař, which was aimed to their optimization. The SSF process done in fermenter of 2.0 l volume confirmed the previous results and furthermore it has been more effective through optimization of the added inoculum volume. It has been confirmed that the best substrate is cardboard finely grinded by vibrating mill. Also experiments with added nutrients had been done as an effort to increase the ethanol concentration, but these haven’t resulted insatisfying results. The maximal concentration of ethanol was 23,49 g/l, which was achieved after further optimization of various conditions. This result equals to experimental yield of 84,79 %.
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Kopp, Andreas, and Robin Falconer. "Adoption of Sustainable Packaging Solutions for the Fish Industry : A case study on a corrugated cardboard packaging solution for fresh fish." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279612.
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The rapid development of plastic production the last couple of decades has led to extensive use of plastic products and vast problems with littering, waste management and exploitation of natural resources. Due to the cheap and easy production of plastics, the world’s population has extended the limit of acceptable usage. The world’s oceans are filled with plastic debris and waste is landfilled, which have had large impacts on the ecosystem, animal and human life (World Environment Day Outlook, 2018). One of the industries that have been revolutionised by the development of plastic advancement is the packaging industry, where products can be protected and quality can be kept, helping globalisation and developing the modern economy (UNEP, 2018). However, due to the lack of waste management systems and recycling facilities for plastics, the world’s population is demanding change. The United Nations have developed the Sustainability Goals and issued The New Plastics Economy, where governments, citizens and regulatory institutions are to work towards a circular economy (The New Plastics Economy, 2019). The demands are addressed towards whole value chains, from production to end-use, and include waste minimising, material optimisation, increase of recyclability, and the development of sustainable alternatives. The fish industry has historically been limited to a few packaging options and expanded polystyrene (EPS) has been the least inferior one when packaging fresh fish for transportation and keeping the quality of the fish. EPS has great material properties for this purpose, however, with the sustainability transition and increasing demands from consumers, the material is regarded as unsustainable with limited availability and profitability to recycle (Hansen et al., 2012). This master thesis aims to investigate if there are sustainable packaging solutions for fresh fish and how these could be adopted by the fish industry. This was done by conducting a qualitative case study on an alternative packaging solution made from corrugated cardboard. Stakeholders from the whole fish value chain were interviewed in order to understand the value perception of existing and alternative packaging solutions for fresh fish. The findings have been analysed using innovation adoption theory together with a sustainability framework. This in order to understand the adoption behaviour of innovative sustainable packaging solutions, and the sustainability impact of these with regards to environmental, social and economic aspects. The study has identified two packaging solutions, develop recycling systems for EPS and fish boxes made from corrugated cardboard, that the fish industry should consider adopting. The two identified packaging solutions have different diffusion possibilities, where the corrugated cardboard fish box is considered as the most sustainable solution.Den snabba utvecklingen av plastproduktion de senaste decennierna har lett till en omfattande användning av plastprodukter, vilket har medfört problem som nedskräpning, ökad avfallshantering och överdriven användning av naturresurser. På grund av billig och enkel tillverkning av plast har världens befolkning överskridit gränsen för acceptabel användning. Världens hav är fyllda med spillror av plast och avfall deponeras, vilket har haft stora effekter på ekosystemet och djur- och människoliv (World Environment Day Outlook, 2018). En av branscherna som har revolutionerats av utvecklingen av plast är förpackningsindustrin, där plasten bidrar till att produkter kan skyddas och kvalitet kan bevaras, vilket har hjälpt globaliseringen och utvecklat den moderna ekonomin (UNEP, 2018). På grund av bristen på avfallshanteringssystem och återvinningsanläggningar för plast kräver dock världens befolkning förändring. FN har utvecklat hållbarhetsmål och utfärdat The New Plastics Economy, där regeringar, människor och tillsynsinstitutioner ska arbeta för en cirkulär ekonomi (The New Plastics Economy, 2019). Kraven riktas mot hela värdekedjor, från produktion till slutanvändning, och inkluderar avfallsminimering, materialoptimering, ökad återvinningsbarhet och utveckling av hållbara alternativ. Fiskindustrin har historiskt sett varit begränsad till att använda materialet expanderad polystyren (EPS) vid förpackning av färsk fisk för transport och för att behålla fiskens kvalitet. Detta material har bra materialegenskaper för dessa ändamål, men med hållbarhetsövergången och ökade krav från konsumenter anses materialet vara ohållbart med begränsad tillgänglighet och lönsamhet att återvinna (Hansen et al., 2012). Denna masteruppsats syftar till att undersöka om det finns hållbara förpackningslösningar för färsk fisk och hur dessa bör anammas av fiskindustrin. Detta gjordes genom att genomföra en kvalitativ fallstudie av en alternativ förpackningslösning gjord av wellpapp. Intressenter från fiskens hela värdekedja intervjuades för att förstå värdesynen på befintliga och alternativa förpackningslösningar för färsk fisk. Resultaten har analyserats med hjälp av innovations teori, tillsammans med ett hållbarhetsramverk. Detta för att förstå adoptionsbeteendet för innovativa hållbara förpackningslösningar och hållbarhetspåverkan av dessa när det gäller miljö, samt sociala och ekonomiska aspekter. Studien har identifierat två förpackningslösningar; ett utvecklat återvinningssystem för EPS och fisklådor tillverkade av wellpapp, som fiskindustrin bör överväga att anamma. De två identifierade lösningarna har olika diffusionsmöjligheter, där wellpappfisklåda betraktas som den mest hållbara lösningen.
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Silva, Michelle Andreza Pedroza da. "Do catar papelão à venda de aparas: estudo dos processos de trabalho dos catadores de papelão da cidade de Manaus-AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2644.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-24Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The study addressed the process of working people, called "pickers" who collect recyclable materials, particularly scrap of cardboard. The work done by the collectors of scrap cardboard occupies a central place in the lives of those who perform it, because, besides being a means of survival, is also a means of social integration, which enables the relationship between people and the feeling of belonging to a group. The survey was conducted in the South Zone, encompassing the city center of Manaus, where we selected three combinations (ALLIANCE, AND ECO-RECICLA ARPA) that work exclusively with scavenging scraps of cardboard. The process of industrialization in the Industrial Pole of Manaus and local businesses not only contribute to environmental degradation but also to the emergence of new social categories such as professional scavengers of cardboard. For this work, we understand that the city of Manaus there is a significant amount of leftover scraps of cardboard, where scavengers bound associations collect this material, so we need is to understand how this process works today and how the process of work done by these social actors. The aim of this study was to delineate the living conditions and talk through the characterization work processes carried out by scavengers of cardboard from Manaus-AM. The methodology used in this study was an exploratory qualitative research, through the forms, interviews, participant observation, oral history and geospatial technologies. According to results it was found that there is a small number of women on the streets picking up cardboard, they prefer to separate the material for recycling, organizing the sale and attend meetings representing the associations. The survey showed that 20% of the pickers had never attended school and other 70.0% responded that they have incomplete primary education and only 10.0% completed high school. Of the total number of collectors only 25.0% were born in the city of Manaus, while 75.0% were born elsewhere. About 85.0% of the collectors who own their own homes while 15.0% live in rented accommodation. According to the survey, despite the disease - especially the skin - they are very common among most collectors of cardboard, they do not link to their health, not binding them to the status of their work. Regarding the problem of alcoholism among collectors of cardboard, the survey data showed that 64.28% of respondents said that there are problems with alcohol and 28.5% said no. Regarding the working day was found to range from 9 to 15 hours weekly. As for monthly income, these range from £ 540.00 to 1.080.00, while the monthly average is $ 810.00. In the city of Manaus scavenging cardboard is held mainly by associations (Alliance, Arpa, Eco-Recycle) of reusable and recyclable, the workers perform the recycling collection service, material separation, pressing and baling of cardboard in different sizes . Although present in summary form. These actors begin their work scavenging material in the streets of inner cities and gather in the courtyards of the industries, after the selection process, this material is separated, weighed, pressed and finally tied it with bales of different sizes to marketing . The definition of collection sites has been established for many years, there are cases of scavengers collecting cardboard for 10 or 17 years, the center part of the routine of many collectors. Therefore, the space occupied, the area becomes a reference for the collector belonging. We can say it was an odd experience, to study the working process of the cardboard collectors in the city of Manaus, and see it through the eyes of a researcher, the situation of these social actors, as they enjoy what they do, we also found the possibility for change and solutions for the best development work. Also, realize that the work done by the collectors of cardboard are fundamental to the promotion of recycling and, consequently, to build a world natural and ecologically healthy, as it brings environmental benefits by saving natural resources, energy and water, beyond the undoubted environmental aspect.
O estudo abordou o processo de trabalho das pessoas, denominado de catadores que coletam materiais recicláveis, em especial, aparas de papelão. O trabalho realizado pelos catadores de aparas de papelão ocupa um lugar central na vida dos que o realizam, pois, além de ser um meio de sobrevivência, também é um meio de integração social, que possibilita o relacionamento entre pessoas e o sentimento de pertencer a um grupo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Zona Sul, englobando o centro da cidade de Manaus, onde foram selecionadas três associações (ALIANÇA, ECO-RECICLA E ARPA) que trabalham exclusivamente com a catação das aparas de papelão. O processo de industrialização no Polo Industrial de Manaus e comércio local contribuem não apenas para a degradação do ambiente, mas também para o surgimento de novas categorias sociais tais como as profissões dos catadores de papelão. Para a realização deste trabalho, entendemos que na cidade de Manaus existe uma quantidade significativa de sobras de aparas de papelão, onde catadores vinculados as associações coletam este materiais, assim precisamos é entender como esse processo funciona atualmente e como o processo de trabalho realizado por esses atores sociais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi delinear as condições de vida e discorrer através da caracterização os processos de trabalho realizados pelos catadores de papelão da cidade de Manaus-AM. A metodologia utilizada, neste estudo foi investigação de caráter exploratório qualitativo, por meio dos formulários, entrevistas, observação participante, história oral e técnicas de geoprocessamento. De acordo com resultados verificaram-se que existe um número pequeno de mulheres nas ruas catando papelão, elas preferem separar o material para reciclagem, organizam a venda e participam das reuniões representando as associações. A pesquisa mostrou que 20% dos catadores nunca estudaram e outros 70,0% responderam que têm o ensino fundamental incompleto e apenas 10,0% concluíram o ensino médio. Do total de catadores apenas 25,0% são naturais da cidade de Manaus, enquanto que 75,0% nasceram em outras localidades. Cerca de 85,0% dos catadores possuem casa própria enquanto que 15,0% moram em casa alugada. Segundo os dados da pesquisa, apesar das doenças principalmente as de pele serem muito frequentes entre a maioria dos catadores de papelão, eles não a relacionam à sua saúde, não as vinculam à condição do seu trabalho. Com relação ao problema de alcoolismo entre os catadores de papelão, os dados da pesquisa demonstraram que 64,28% dos entrevistados afirmaram que existem problemas de alcoolismo e 28,5% disseram que não. Em relação à jornada de trabalho foi verificado que varia entre 9 a 15 horas, semanalmente. Quanto aos rendimentos mensais, estes oscilam entre R$ 540,00 a R$ 1.080,00, embora a média mensal seja de R$ 810,00. Na cidade de Manaus a catação do papelão é realiza principalmente pelas associações (Aliança, Arpa, Eco-Recicla) de materiais reutilizáveis e recicláveis, os trabalhadores da reciclagem realizam o serviço de coleta, separação do material, prensagem e o enfardamento do papelão em diferentes tamanhos. Apesar de apresentar de forma sumária. Esses atores iniciam seu trabalho com a catação do material nas ruas dos centros da cidade e o recolhimento nos pátios das indústrias, depois do processo de seleção, esse material é separado, pesado, prensado e por fim é amarrado por fardos de diferentes tamanhos até a comercialização. A definição dos locais de coleta foi estabelecida há muitos anos, existem casos de catadores que coletam papelão há 10 ou 17 anos, o centro que faz parte da rotina de muitos catadores. Portanto, o espaço ocupado, o território torna-se para o catador um referencial pertencimento. Podemos dizer que foi uma experiência impar, estudar os processo de trabalho dos catadores de papelão da cidade de Manaus, e vê-lo com os olhos de uma pesquisadora, a situação desses atores sociais, no que fazem gostam do que faz, verificamos também a possibilidade de mudança e soluções para o melhor desenvolvimento do trabalho. Além disso, percebemos que os trabalhos realizados pelos catadores de papelão são fundamentais para a promoção da reciclagem e, consequentemente, para a construção de um mundo natural e ecologicamente mais saudável, pois, trás benefícios ambientais através da economia de recursos naturais, energia e água, além do inquestionável aspecto ambiental.
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Kubisova, Zuzana. "In an era of screen-based technology, can cardboard toys encourage children to engage in hands-on, tactile play and unprogrammed imagination?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543481695802673.
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Salas, Noain Diego, and Del Casillo Miguel Andres Delgado. "Videojuego de realidad virtual para realizar ejercicios en bicicleta estacionaria mediante el uso de un sistema de detección de movimiento y visor Google Cardboard." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655365.
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A pesar del amplio conocimiento de los beneficios que la actividad física puede brindar para mejorar el estado de salud y prevenir cierto tipo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles a largo plazo, existen diversas limitaciones que dificultan que las personas puedan ejercitarse de forma regular como la falta de tiempo por sus condiciones laborales, tráfico en el traslado cotidiano y, más recientemente, un contexto de pandemia que limita los lugares y horas en que las que pueden salir a realizar todo tipo de actividades. Si bien muchas personas cuentan con bicicletas, ergómetros u otros equipos de entrenamiento dentro de sus casas, no todas ellas están dispuestas a seguir una rutina de ejercicios. Una de las principales razones por las que las personas no realizan ejercicios de forma regular es la falta de motivación y la falta de resultados a corto plazo. Actualmente existen diversas investigaciones que buscan resolver este problema a través de la adición de componentes lúdicos con diversos tipos de contenido añadido. Precisamente, los exergames de realidad virtual han demostrado influir positivamente en la motivación de las personas para permitir que estas puedan ejercitarse de manera divertida y prolongada. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene por finalidad sentar una base de conocimiento para la implementación un exergame de realidad virtual para bicicletas estacionarias que afecte positivamente las necesidades psicológicas de las personas con la finalidad de mantenerlas motivadas a través de técnicas de gamificación que serán validadas en base a los resultados de investigaciones previas.Despite extensive knowledge that Physical activity can contribute to maintain a healthy condition and decrease the probabilities to suffer non-contagious chronic diseases in the long term, there are several limitations that prevent people from exercising regularly like lack of time due to working conditions, traffic in daily commute and, more recently, a pandemic context that limits the places and hours in which they can go out to do all kinds of activities. Although many people have bicycles, ergometers and other sorts of training machines, not all of them are willing to maintain a regular exercise routine. One of the main reasons for which people don´t exercise regularly is due to lack of motivation and no evident short-term results. Currently, there are plenty of investigations that seek to solve this problem by adding different sorts of ludic components with varied content. Precisely, virtual reality exergames have been shown to positively influence people's motivation to allow them to exercise in a fun and prolonged way. Therefore, the present work aims to establish a knowledge base for the implementation of a virtual reality exergame for stationary bicycles that positively affects the psychological needs of people in order to keep them motivated through gamification techniques that will be validated based on the results of previous research.
Trabajo de investigación
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Mattsson, Anna. "Är variation i STFI-tjocklek ett bra mått på kartongs bulighet? : Are variation in STFI-thickness a good measure of uneven surface, bumpiness, on cardboard?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4100.
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This degree project aim to evaluate if variations of the STFI thickness can be used to assess bumpiness on cardboard. During the project cardboard samples were measured using Bendtsen, PPS, a L&W formation tester, OptiTopo, Ambertec formation, the STFI thickness tester and a visual comparison. The different methods were then compared to see if there is any correlations between them. The results showed that the visual comparison and OptiTopo correlates. The STFI thickness tester shows however no correlation with the OptiTopo and visual comparison, thus aren't suitable measuring bumpiness.
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Cui, Liu Wong Yee Man. "How can supply network management be used to improve the quality of corrugated cardboard suppliers in China? : A case study of Tetra Pak in China /." Kalmar : University of Kalmar. Baltic Business School, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1275/FULLTEXT01.
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Casta, Maline. "Not Playing By The Rules." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk Design & Illustration, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4776.
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My degree project consists of several parts: a theorethical essay, sketches, modells, photos, experiments and an installation showed at Konstfack Spring Exhibition 2014. Departing from the infamous Fredric Jameson quote ”It’s easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism” I have investigated the relationship between play, daydreaming and economical system. Political scientist Wendy Brown has argued that we exist at a time in history where we have an urgent need for alternative spaces, both in the physical room and in the mind, where an alternative longing can grow. In my degree project I have taken a closer look at this space – what could it be, how does it work, what would it look like if it was made real? By exploring play theory I try to understand how and if play can be triggered and how this can be translated into a space. By deepening my knowledge about imagination and the relation between imagination and social development, I try to seek answers to how play can be used as a starting point for change. By treating play as a space in a double sense – both as a physical room and a special place inside us, I explore the possibilities this space has for creating new dreams. This is also a project where I try to restore my own belief in storytelling as something beyond escapism. Aiming to create an in-between, a fusion between scenography, illustration and installation, I seek to create a platform where my work can be the basis for new discussions and meetings. By exploring the performative elements of a room I want to invite the visitor to enter the image and merge with the content. I want to create a work that embraces the visitor and that can be experienced on many different levels depending on the visitor’s interest, age and prerequisites. The essay consists of three parts. My project started with an analysis of the current economical situation. In the first part of this essay I make a summary of this research, and give a brief background to my experiences working in the gap of storytelling and economics. In the second part I will investigate the basic functions of imagination and play, and see how our longing is linked to the development of society. In the third part I will talk about the physical outcome of my project - my process, choices, difficulties and conclusions. For practical reasons I have choose to put all images in a separate appendix at the end. These images shows extracts from my artistic process as well as a documentation of the installation showed at the Spring Exhibition.
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Duong, Pham Tuong Minh. "Modélisation numérique du comportement dynamique de structures d'emballages complexes par méthodes d’homogénéisation." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS025.
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Les palettes sont très largement utilisées pour le transport, le stockage et la manutention de marchandises. Une palette chargée de bouteilles d'eau (emballage tertiaire) est constituée : d'une palette en bois, des packs (emballages secondaires) contenant un ensemble de 6 bouteilles d'eau (emballages primaires) enveloppés par un film plastique, des intercalaires en carton ondulé, et d'une housse plastique rétractable ou étirable pour le maintien et la protection de la marchandise palettisée. L'objectif général de cette thèse est de modéliser et de simuler le comportement statique et dynamique d'une palette durant le transport routier à l'aide du logiciel Abaqus. La simulation détaillée des bouteilles, des packs et des intercalaires constituants la palette est très fastidieuse et complexe à mettre en œuvre. Nous proposons de réaliser l'homogénéisation sur les packs et les intercalaires pour diminuer largement le temps de préparation des géométries et des maillages, ainsi que le temps CPU. Un modèle d'homogénéisation de l'intercalaire en carton ondulé est proposé. Il consiste à calculer les rigidités globales pour une plaque homogène équivalente. Ce modèle d'homogénéisation analytique permet de calculer rapidement et correctement ces rigidités globales et leurs couplages. Le comportement suivant l'épaisseur de l'intercalaire a beaucoup d'influence sur le glissement des packs. Nous avons donc développé un modèle solide en trois couches pour prendre compte le comportement élasto-plastique suivant l'épaisseur. Le pack de 6 bouteilles d'eau a été homogénéisé en caractérisant son comportement global par des essais expérimentaux et des simulations par la méthode des éléments finis. Le remplacement des packs par des solides homogènes de forme simplifiée permet de diminuer largement le nombre d'éléments et d'éviter le traitement du contact bouteille-bouteille et bouteille-film. De nombreux essais expérimentaux et simulations numériques avec nos modèles d'homogénéisation ont été réalisés pour étudier le comportement statique et dynamique de palettes chargées de bouteilles d'eau. Les résultats obtenus par les essais expérimentaux et les simulations numériques sont comparés pour valider nos modèles d'homogénéisationPallet systems are widely used for the transport, storage, stacking and handling of goods. A pallet charged with bottles of water (tertiary packaging) is composed of: a wooden pallet, packs (secondary packaging) containing a set of 6 bottles of water (primary packaging) wrapped with a plastic film, the cardboard sheet insert, and a plastic film for the maintenance and protection of the palletized goods. The aim of this thesis is to model and to simulate the static and dynamic behaviors of a charged pallet during the transport using the Abaqus software. The detailed simulation of the bottles, the packs and the cardboard sheet inserts constituting the pallet is very tedious and complex. We propose to homogenize the packs and cardboard inserts to largely reduce the time for the preparation of geometries and meshes, as well as the CPU time. A homogenization model for the cardboard inserts is proposed. It consists in calculating the global stiffness of the equivalent homogeneous plate. This analytical homogenization model allows calculating these global rigidities and their couplings quickly and correctly. The behavior in the thickness direction of the cardboard has a great influence on the sliding of the packs. We have developed a three layers solid model to take into account the elasto-plastic behavior through the thickness. The pack of 6 bottles of water is homogenized by characterizing its global behavior by experimental measurements and simulations with the finite element method. Replacing the packs by a simplified homogeneous solid permit to greatly reduce the number of elements and avoid the contact treatment between bottle-bottle and bottle-film. Many experimental tests and numerical simulations using our homogenization models have been achieved to study the static and dynamic behaviors of pallets. The results obtained by experimental tests and numerical simulations are compared to validate our homogenization models
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Piccoli, Mariana. "Reutilização de tubos de papelão : estudo de parâmetros técnicos visando aplicação no design de produtos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96466.
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A reutilização aumenta e valoriza o ciclo de vida dos produtos sem necessidade da desintegração do material, proporcionando um destino adequado e o aproveitamento da configuração formal, da energia e matéria-prima agregadas e das propriedades inerentes ao produto que é descartado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e propor parâmetros técnicos de resistência, absorção, recobrimentos e corte a laser, visando possibilitar a reutilização de tubos de papelão, provenientes de descarte, no desenvolvimento de produtos. Por meio do panorama sobre o descarte deste material no recorte geográfico da cidade de Porto Alegre, realizado através de visitas a empresas dos segmentos de confeccção e gráfico, selecionou-se como padrão de tubo a ser pesquisado o de diâmetro interno 76,2mm (encontrado geralmente nas espessuras 3mm, 4mm, 5mm e 6,5mm), cujo destino recorrente é o recolhimento por catadores de materiais recicláveis. Para a realização dos ensaios técnicos, efetuou-se a coleta dos tubos até ser atingida a quantidade necessária, aferiram-se suas medidas e confeccionaram-se os corpos de prova. Em seguida, após a caracterização do material através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e análise termogravimétrica (ATG), foram realizados ensaios técnicos de resistência à compressão axial e diametral; flambagem; absorção de água; testes de recobrimento, corte a laser e experimentações sobre métodos de união. Como resultados, a temperatura de combustão, identificada na ATG, indica que até os 210°C existe uma faixa de segurança na utilização dos tubos. Pelos resultados dos ensaios de compressão axial e diametral, concluiu-se que que a direção mais adequada e com maior relevância de utilização dos tubos de papelão é a vertical, com o sentido da carga aplicado paralelamente à seção transversal. O ensaio de flambagem permitiu verificar que as falhas apresentadas não são repentinas; a amostra permaneceu estável, já que não houve ruptura súbita. No teste de absorção de água, constatou-se que os tubos são higroscópicos, necessitando de impermeabilização; para reconhecer um material de recobrimento adequado para os tubos de papelão, refez-se o ensaio de absorção de água com os tubos revestidos por tintas e vernizes à base de água. O melhor resultado foi apresentado pelo verniz marítimo em três demãos, revestimento que foi analisado por MEV. Após ensaios técnicos, foram realizados experimentos de corte a laser e métodos de união dos tubos. Concluiu-se a viabilidade da aplicação da tecnologia de corte a laser no material, determinando-se a potência e velocidades adequadas para o corte mais eficiente em cada espessura; e os métodos de união estudados possibilitam elaborar uma variedade de combinações aplicáveis na configuração de produtos. Por fim, acredita-se que o estudo e reconhecimento de características peculiares de novos materiais é um ponto determinante para a inserção destes no Design.The reuse increases and enhances the life cycle of the product without the disintegration of the material, providing a correct destination and use of formal configuration, energy and raw material and aggregate properties inherent to the product or material that is discarded. This study aims to identify the technical parameters of resistance, absorption, coatings and laser cutting to reuse cardboard tubes, from disposal in product development. Through the overview of the disposal of this material in the city of Porto Alegre, conducted through visits to businesses in the segments of clothing and printing industry, was selected as standard tube to be researched the inner diameter of 76,2mm (found usually in thicknesses 3mm, 4mm, 5mm and 6,5mm), whose destination is the collection by waste pickers. For conducting technical trials, performed the collection tubes until reach the required amount, have assessed up your measurements and sewed up the specimens. Then, after the characterization of the material by scanning thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA ) and electron microscopy (MEV), technical tests of resistance to axial and diametrical compression, buckling, water absorption, coating testing, laser cutting and experiments on joining methods were performed. As a result, the combustion temperature the ATG identified, indicates that even at 210°C there is a range of safety of the tubes. The results of the tests diametral and axial compression, it was concluded that the most appropriate and most important use of paper tubes is the vertical direction, with the direction of the load applied parallel to the cross-section. The buckling test has shown that the problems presented are not sudden, the sample remained stable, since there was no sudden break. In the water absorption test, it was found that the pipes are hygroscopic, requiring waterproofing; to recognize a material suitable for coating cardboard tubes, the water absorption test is remade and tubes were coated with paints and varnishes water-based. The best result was presented by three coats of marine varnish, coating was analyzed by MEV. After technical tests, experiments of laser cutting and joining methods were performed. The conclusion of the feasibility of applying laser cutting technology in the material, determining the appropriate speed and power for efficient cutting each thickness, and the possible joining methods studied prepare a variety of combinations applyable on a product’s configuration. Finally, it’s believed that the recognition and study of specific characteristics of new materials is a key factor on its insertion in product design.
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Mrva, Jozef. "Monument." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232446.
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I base my spatial installations upon working with waste materials. I use characteristic and aesthetics of cardboard and wooden clippings to express dialogue with geometrical drawings, which I have been producing since the last year. Protracted and unexpectedly-carved shapes resemble timber beams or ruins and can lead to ecological or eschatological questions. The title "Monument" is an ironical disputation with human trace and materials we use without giving them any further attention.
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Mhardawi, Antonius, and Behnam Karami. "Analys av en kartongförpacknings nedböjning och omslutning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-90140.
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Projektet avhandlar en specifik testmetod avseende hur en kartongförpackning reagerar på krafter den utsätts för när den belastas av ett artificiellt finger (BioTac), detta i syfte att undersöka om testmetoderna genererar objektiva och repeterbara resultat. Projektet analyserar också hur en förvald kartongförpackning böjs vid en specifik punktlast, samt vilken resulterande omslutning och nedböjningen som då registreras av BioTacen. Metoderna som används kompletteras med testresultat utförda med hjälp av laborativa verktyg; en dragprovsmaskin tillverkad av Lloyd instruments med tillsatsen en haptisk sensor (BioTac) från Syntouch. Vidare forskning har lett till ett mer definierat och objektivt sätt att mäta bland annat en förpacknings grepp-styvhet, vilket bidragit till en ökad förståelse för hur en förpackning ska konstrueras för att bäst tjäna dess syfte.The project deals with a specific test method regarding how a cardboard package reacts to the external forces when an artificial finger (BioTac) is forced upon it, the purpose being to examine if the method generates objective and repeatable results. The project also analyses how a pre-selected cardboard package bends at a certain load, and which the resulting enclosure is registered by the BioTac. The methods used are supplemented with laboratory tools, such as: A tensile testing machine by Lloyd instruments, in addition with a tactile sensor (BioTac) by Syntouch. Further research has led to a more defined and objective way of measuring, amongst other things, a packaging’s grip-stiffness, which has contributed to an increased understanding of how a package should be designed to best serve its purpose.
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Hauptmann, Marek. "Die gezielte Prozessführung und Möglichkeiten zur Prozessüberwachung beim mehrdimensionalen Umformen von Karton durch Ziehen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105970.
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Deus, Helder Amorim Silva Borges de. "Imagem gravada: das matrizes de papelão e cola vinil às impressões em encavo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6195.
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The research entitled Image engraved: from cardboard matrixes and glue vinyl to chalcography impressions proposes a study in two steps. In the first instance, it aims the production of matrixes and engravings, exploring the combination, materiality and the versatility of two materials which are considered alternative when compared to the traditional use of wood for woodcuts, of metal plates for chalcography, of linoleum for linocuts and stones for lithographs: the cardboard and glue vinyl. Then, these matrixes, which emphasized the chalcography’s processes, were presented to one group of visually impaired sharing narratives constructed by dialogues between our interpretations.
A pesquisa intitulada Imagem gravada: das matrizes de papelão e cola vinil às impressões em encavo propõe um estudo em duas etapas. Em um primeiro momento, dedica-se à produção de matrizes e gravuras explorando a combinação, a materialidade e a versatilidade de dois materiais considerados alternativos, quando comparados ao tradicional uso da madeira nas xilogravuras, das chapas de metal nas calcografias, do linóleo nas linóleogravuras e da pedra calcária nas litografias: o papelão e a cola vinil. Em seguida, essas matrizes, que deram ênfase aos processos de impressão em encavo, foram apresentadas a um grupo de deficientes visuais compartilhando narrativas construídas pelos diálogos entre as nossas interpretações.
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Bezerra, Jônatas Costa. "A realidade virtual como ferramenta didática para o ensino de astronomia e cosmologia na educação básica." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2018. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/3124.
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The present dissertation approaches a sequence of educational procedures aimed at the use of information and communication technologies (especially the use of smartphones and cardboard), in the application of active methodologies for the teaching of Physics in basic education. Based on Vygotsky's historical-cultural theory, it aims to discuss the use of immersive virtual reality, through the cardboard, to insert the contents of Astronomy and Cosmology into interventions performed during the regular school activities. To this end, an educational product composed of a didactic sequence was developed, which was applied to a class of the 2nd year of the technical course of Maintenance and Support to Informatics, integrated to the high school, of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba ( IFPB). Eight classes were planned and taught, developing during these moments four themes: Optics, Newtonian Gravitation, Astronomy and Cosmology. From the use of the technologies employed in this work, the students were able to approach abstract themes and considered distant from their reality within the framework of programmatic discussions; at the same time, the execution of this activity sought to deepen the curiosity, encouraging the interest of the students involved from the perspective of a study of Physics interconnected to contemporary and challenging questions for Science.
A presente dissertação aborda uma sequência de procedimentos educacionais voltada à utilização de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (mais especialmente o uso de smartphones e o cardboard), na aplicação de metodologias ativas para o ensino de Física na educação básica. Fundamentada na teoria histórico-cultural de Vygotsky, a mesma visa discutir a utilização da realidade virtual imersiva, por meio do cardboard, para a inserção dos conteúdos de Astronomia e Cosmologia em intervenções realizadas durante a execução das atividades escolares regulares. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um produto educacional composto de uma sequência didática, que foi aplicada a uma turma do 2º ano do curso técnico de Manutenção e Suporte a Informática, integrado ao ensino médio, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB). Foram planejadas e ministradas oito aulas, desenvolvendo ao longo desses momentos quatro temas: Óptica, Gravitação Newtoniana, Astronomia e Cosmologia. A partir do uso das tecnologias empregadas nesse trabalho, os alunos puderam se aproximar de temas abstratos e considerados distantes da sua realidade no quadro de discussões programáticas; ao mesmo tempo, a execução desta atividade buscou aprofundar a curiosidade, incentivando o interesse dos discentes envolvidos sob a perspectiva de um estudo da Física interligado a questões contemporâneas e desafiadoras para a Ciência.
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Vieira, Karine Munck. "Vespas em ninhos armadilha e nidificação de meliponíneos em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/76.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
As modificações do ambiente pela ação humana podem favorecer determinadas espécies e comprometer a existência de outras. Os efeitos da interferência antrópica podem ser monitorados através de vespas solitárias, nidificantes em cavidades preexistentes e abelhas sem ferrão. Desta forma, objetivou-se comparar a composição dessas comunidades em áreas de maior (A1) e menor (A2) interferência antrópica em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica. Para investigar a composição de vespas, foram instalados e monitorados, durante um ano, ninhos armadilha de bambu e cartolina de diâmetros variados, em um transecto representante de cada uma das áreas. A fim de comparar os mesmos locais quanto às espécies de meliponíneos residentes, foram feitas buscas de ninhos, por meio de deslocamentos ao longo das trilhas existentes nas áreas arborizadas do Jardim Botânico de Juiz de Fora, MG, que representaram a área A1, e no entorno das antigas construções, representando a área A2. Em relação às vespas, três das quatro espécies coletadas são adaptadas a ambientes modificados, e por esse motivo, houve maior riqueza (n=3) e abundância (n= 21) nessa área, sendo uma espécie (Pachodynerus sp.) exclusiva dessa localidade. O gênero Trypoxylon foi o mais representativo, sendo que 74,07% dos seus ninhos pertenceram a área com maior interferência antrópica. Os gomos de bambu foram utilizados com maior frequência (64,28%) e amostraram todas as espécies de vespas desse estudo. A abundância de ninhos em cada mês esteve correlacionada positivamente com temperatura média (rs= 0,44; p= 0,007), mas só houve correlação com a precipitação, nos meses de dezembro e janeiro. A similaridade entre a composição das espécies de vespas e de abelhas nas áreas A1 e A2 foi moderada (Cs= 0,66; Cs= 0,61), respectivamente; porém, a abundância das mesmas foi semelhantes (t= 1,96/ p= 0,097). Em relação às abelhas sem ferrão, a área A1 apresentou não apenas uma maior densidade de ninhos (80%) e riqueza de espécies (n=8) que a área A2 (n=5), como também em relação a outros estudos em áreas modificadas. A alta densidade de ninhos nessa localidade foi devido a 56,66% pertencerem a Nannotrigona testaceicornis e Tetragonisca angustula, espécies muito encontradas em locais urbanizados. Já a baixa riqueza e abundância de ninhos na área A2, foi, em parte, pelo fato de essa área encontra-se em estágio de sucessão inicial. O estabelecimento dos Hymenoptera amostrados nesse estudo em área de maior interferência antrópica, só foi possível porque a oferta de recursos naturais é suficiente à sobrevivência das espécies.
Environmental changes by human action may favor some species and compromising the existence of other. The effects of the anthropogenic impact can be monitored through solitary wasps that made nests in trap nesting and stingless bees. Thus, the objective was to compare the composition of these communities in areas of greater (A1) and lesser (A2) anthropogenic interference, in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest. To investigate the composition wasps were installed and monitored during one year, trap nesting made of bamboo and cardboard, with varying diameters in a representative transect in both areas. In order to compare this locations as the resident species of stingless bees, were made searches for nests along existing trails in the wooded areas of the Jardim Botânico de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, representing the A1 area, and surrounding the old buildings, representing the A2 area. In relation to wasps, three of the four species collected are adapted to changing environments, and therefore, a greater richness (n = 3) and abundance (n = 21) in this area, with one species exclusive of this location (Pachidynerus sp). The Trypoxylon gender was the most representative, with 74.07% of their nests belonged to area with greater human interference. The bamboo canes were frequently used (64.28%) and sampled all kinds of wasps in this study. The abundance of nests in each month was positively correlated with mean temperature (rs = 0.44; p = 0.007), but just only have correlation with rainfall in December and January. The similarity between the species composition of wasps and bees in the areas A1 and A2 was moderate (Cs = 0.66; Cs = 0.61), respectively; but plenty of them was similar (t = 1.96 / p = 0.097). Regarding the stingless bees, the area most affected by human activity, had not only a higher density of nests (80%) and richness of species (n = 8) the A2 area (n=5), but also in relation to other studies in areas modified. The high density of nests in this location was due to 56.67% belong to Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Tetragonisca angustula, species broadly found in urbanized areas. The low richness and abundance of nests in the area A2, was, in part, because this area is at an early succession stage. The establishment of Hymenoptera sampled in this study in an area of greater human interference, was only possible because the supply of natural resources is sufficient for the survival of the species.
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Schenke, Christer, Lars Penter, Michael Schwarzenberger, Hajo Wiemer, and Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "Technologieregelung bildet die Basis für einen robusten Kartontiefziehprozess." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236456.
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Karton ist ein aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestelltes Halbzeug, biologisch abbaubar und mit sehr guter Wiederverwertbarkeit. Damit stellt Karton eine zukunftsträchtige Grundlage für die Herstellung von Verpackungen für die Lebensmittel- und Konsumgüterproduktion dar. Schon heute werden in vielen Verpackungslösungen Kunststoffe durch naturfaserbasierte Halbzeuge ersetzt, um von den genannten Vorteilen zu profitieren. Um die Verbreitung dieses Naturstoffes weiter zu unterstützen, werden intelligente und effektive Herstellungsverfahren benötigt, die eine Massenfertigung von Packmitteln in hoher Qualität ermöglichen. [... aus der Einleitung]
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Lepař, Petr. "Enzymatická hydrolýza odpadní papíroviny - zdroj suroviny pro výrobu kapalných biopaliv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216773.
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In diploma thesis the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper as a source for the production of liquid biofuels is discused. It follows directly the homonymous diploma thesis from Ing. Brummer, and it is based on the findings, which were solved and decided in previous work. In the theoretical part there is a summarization of basic information on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper and the associated influences of various factors of the rate and degree of hydrolysis. Higher attention is paid to a waste cardboard and its pretreatment methods due to the maximalization of the yield of hydrolysis. The next part summarizes options of the fermentative production of biofuels, focusing on the method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, where the further appropriate organism for ethanol fermentation is discussed. The last part is about the technological process from the raw material input to the separation of ethanol. In the experimental section the pre-treatment of waste paper in order to maximize the efficiency of hydrolysis was examined. The best results were achieved using a vibratory mill. In addition, various parameters for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were optimized using enzymes from Novozymes® company and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conversion rate of waste paper cellulose to reducing sugars was observed by spectrophotometric method by Somogyi - Nelson and the amount of produced ethanol was quantified using HPLC / RI. As a part of this thesis some conditions (amount of enzyme, substrate, nutrients, yeasts, temperature, pH, type of buffer) were optimized to maximize the effectiveness of the overall process. All experiments were carried out on corrugated cardboard, which was chosen as the most promising material for hydrolysis that was among the waste paper pulp in diploma thesis by Ing. Brummer.
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Draghetti, Lorenzo. "Optimized design of an ABB robotic palletizing station." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Nowadays pallets (and then palletization) have become an essential tool for the various stages of the production and supply chain. The palletization process is typically automatized and can be realized in 2 ways: exploiting automatic machines (conventional palletizers) or robots (robotic palletizers). The latter option provides higher flexibility at the cost of lower operation speed.
The aim of this thesis is to design and program an ABB robotic palletizing station trying to minimize as possible process time and space and meeting some predefined requirements, using the software ABB RobotStudio. The particularity of this project is that 3 different kinds of boxes, which come to the station with different probabilities, need to be subjected to some operations (drawing and writing) before to get palletized onto different pallets.
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Gadelha, Filho Joel Ramos. "Reciclagem, questão ambiental e inclusão social no Amazonas: o caso dos catadores de papelão." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2537.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-31Research in focus Recycling, Environmental Issues and Social Inclusion in the Amazon: The Case of the Cardboard Collectors aimed for understanding, analyzing and characterizing the recycling of cardboard in the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM). The study included four associations of collectors located in the city of Manaus. These actors perform an activity of collecting recyclable materials in cities. The collectors play a key role, constituting many social relations, characterized by a set of contradictions. The collectors are fundamental to the promotion of recycling and for the transformation of a natural and social world in an ecologically healthier, even if "pay" with their lives because of illness produced in such activity. In this context, the research introduces the need of achieving a work space and respect for the category of papers collectors. When collecting post-consumer papers, the collectors will sell them to a sorting center in the city, if not linked to any association of collectors. The low quantity and quality of paper collected causes a low sale price. Generally, the collectors become victims of exploitation of its activity, living in inhuman conditions, without access to health, nutrition and education. All these social problems, of course, expand to their families. Therefore, the object of this study was the social inclusion, from the perspective of social sustainability. Therefore, we used the ethnographic method, using a theoretical-methodological fundamentation, based in a collection of quantitative and qualitative data, through the application of semi-structured interviews and the socioeconomic analysis of secondary data. These instruments sought to contribute to the avaliation of the social, environmental and economic aspects of the associations of collectors. This research had the aim of proposing the creation of a model of social inclusion to develop the activity of the cardboard collectors. In this sense, identifies the productive chain of the cardboard in PIM, include the recent National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS) and their impacts and, finally, examines the four associations of cardboard collectors in the city of Manaus. This research investigated whether the recycling of cardboard in the city of Manaus contributes to social inclusion of cardboard collectors. Therefore, the results clarify that the current lack of public policies, the lack of access to public services such as health, education and housing, the informality of the work of papers collectors, the concentration of profits arising from the recycling process by recycling industries at the expense of scavengers, confirms the maintenance scenario of social exclusion of these workers.
A pesquisa em foco Reciclagem, Questão Ambiental e Inclusão Social no Amazonas: O Caso dos Catadores de Papelão teve como objetivo principal entender, analisar e caracterizar a reciclagem de papelão no Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM). Nesse sentido, o estudo contemplou quatro associações de catadores localizadas no município de Manaus. Estes atores exercem o papel da coleta de materiais recicláveis nas cidades brasileiras. Entende-se que os catadores desempenham um papel social relevante, constituindo um mundo de relações sociais, mediado por um conjunto de contradições. Nota-se que os catadores são compartes principais para a promoção da reciclagem e, portanto, para a transformação de um mundo natural e social em um ambiente ecologicamente mais saudável, ainda que paguem com suas vidas em razão das doenças socialmente produzidas na realização de tal empreitada. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo apresenta a necessidade da conquista de um espaço de trabalho e de respeito pela categoria de catadores de papelão. Ao recolher os papéis pós-consumidos, os catadores irão vendê-los a um centro de triagem ou a um sucateiro no município, caso não estejam vinculados a nenhuma associação de catadores. Desta forma a pouca quantidade e a baixa qualidade do papel coletado acabam por acarretar um reduzido valor de venda. Geralmente, os catadores se tornam vítimas da exploração de sua atividade, vivendo em condições desumanas, sem acesso à saúde, à boa alimentação e à educação. Todos esses problemas sociais, logicamente, expandem-se para as suas famílias. Portanto, foi objeto desse estudo a inclusão social, a partir da perspectiva da sustentabilidade social. Portanto, utilizou-se o método etnográfico, mediante a utilização de uma fundamentação teórico-metodológica baseada na coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de dados secundários socioeconômicos. Estes instrumentos buscaram contribuir para a avaliação dos aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos das associações de catadores. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa teve a finalidade de propor a criação de um modelo de inclusão social para desenvolver a atividade dos catadores de papelão. Nesse sentido, identifica a cadeia produtiva da embalagem de papelão no PIM, compreende a recente Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) e seus impactos e, por último, analisa as quatro associações de catadores de papelão da cidade de Manaus. Diante disso, os resultados vêm a esclarecer que a atual falta de políticas públicas, o não acesso a serviços públicos, como a saúde, educação e moradia, a informalidade do trabalho dos catadores, a concentração do lucro advindo do processo de reciclagem, pelas indústrias recicladoras, em detrimento dos catadores, corroboram para a manutenção do cenário de exclusão social desses trabalhadores.
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Xynou, Marianna. "Modelling of heat and moisture transport in a corrugated board stack." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158867.
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The corrugated board is considered as the second most used packaging material and the world’s environmentally acceptable solution for packaging, with wide range of applications. After the manufacturing process, the corrugated board is cut into sheets and stored in a stack until optimum moisture content has been reached in order to avoid undesired properties. However, due to complex and various structures, it is difficult to estimate the appropriate time so to achieve the acceptable moisture level of the corrugated board stack. So a homogenized model of the stack has to be created which will have the same average properties as the real stack. In order to achieve this goal the behavior of a smaller part of the stack, the unit cell, is investigated. In the second step a homogenized model is created with the average transport of mass and heat. At the end, the unit cell is scaled up. In this master thesis, only the first and the second steps were simulated. This was achieved by creating a 3-D mathematical model using finite element method and simulating its properties in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Four mathematical models were used in the description of the 3-D model: the heat transfer, the moisture transfer, the vapour concentration and the gas pressure. Moreover, by applying the gradient in one direction in each case, the behavior of the detailed unit cell was investigated. Finally different simplified geometries were created and investigated so to approach a homogenized model which described better the average properties of the detailed model. By comparing the results of the models, it was concluded that the homogenized models 2 and 3 approached the values of the second detailed model but only inside of the unit cell. However, the deviation was not negligible and further investigation is required in order to find a new homogenized method.
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Soares, Kerolayne Paiva. "Utiliza??o de ferramenta de realidade aumentada para ajudar em tarefas psicopedag?gicas com crian?as pertencentes ao transtorno do espectro autista." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA EL?TRICA E DE COMPUTA??O, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24795.
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A presente tese tem como objetivo mostrar o desenvolvimento e aplica??o de uma ferramenta em Realidade Aumentada para ajudar crian?as afetadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Tal ferramenta consiste na exibi??o de cenas caricaturadas da vida real, atrav?s dos ?culos de Realidade Virtual Google Cardboard, que foram utilizadas em tarefas e testes psicopedag?gicos, realizados com essas crian?as. Analisamos os relacionamentos sobre a poss?vel melhoria nas fun??es executivas quando essas t?m seu processamento facial suavizado usando o sistema proposto e vendo o mundo real como um desenho animado. Este estudo inicial fornece evid?ncias para verificar que tais crian?as t?m um interesse particular em desenho animado a despeito de faces humanas. Os resultados alcan?ados sugerem que o ambiente proposto ajuda a aumentar o desempenho das crian?as em tarefas psicopedag?gicas e que pode ser uma ferramenta ?til para ajudar os profissionais em educa??o a proporcionar um melhor suporte a essas crian?as, principalmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de suas fun??es executivas.
The present thesis aims to show the development and application of an Augmented Reality tool to helps children affected with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD).This tool consists of the display of real-life caricatured scenes, visualized through the Google Cardboard Virtual Reality glasses, which were used in tasks and psychopedagogical tests performed with these children. We analyzed the relationships about the possible increase in executive functions when they have their facial processing smoothed using the proposed system and seeing the real world as a cartoon. This initial study provides evidences to verify that such children have a particular interest in cartoon in spite of human faces. The results suggest that the proposed environment helps to increase children?s performance in psychopedagogical tasks and that it can be a useful tool to help professionals in education in their work to provide better support to these children, especially with regard to development of executive functions of them.
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Westerlund, Rebecka, and Sara Glanander. "Stödbricka för muffinsformar : Bakning i bagerimiljö." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7834.
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”Stödbricka för muffinsformar” är ett examensarbete som självständigt utförts av Sara Glanander och Rebecka Westerlund under vårterminen 2011. Det har genomförts vid Karlstads universitet, fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap under innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet. Siluett of Sweden AB i Kristinehamn är uppdragsgivaren för projektet och kontaktperson samt handledare på företaget är Bernt Rådberg, försäljnings- och marknadschef. Handledare av projektet vid Karlstads universitet är Monica Jakobsson, universitetsadjunkt och programledare för innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet. Examinator är Fredrik Thuvander, universitetslektor och professor på Karlstads universitet. Siluett, som tillverkar bakformar och andra kartong- och pappersbaserade produkter för bageri- och konditorinäringen, har lagt märke till en ökad efterfrågan av monterade mönstertryckta formar hos sina kunder. Därför startades projektet i syfte att tillgodose detta behov. Då företaget redan lagt märke till kundbehovet genomfördes en mindre förstudie i form av korta intervjuer på ett tiotal bagerier i Karlstad och fyra massproducerande bagerier runt om i landet. Fokus låg på produktspecificeringen där de krav och funktioner som efterfrågades identifierades. Under konceptgenereringen användes olika idégenereringsmetoder, både självständigt och i grupp. Projektgruppen märkte dock att de fick de enklaste och mest entydiga beskrivningarna genom att göra skissmodeller i papper och enklare kartongmaterial, vilket därför flitigt användes under projektets gång. Här studerades även stödbrickans fysiska ergonomi samt materialets värmebeständighet i form av laborationer. De framtagna koncepten utvärderades och utvecklades. I slutet av projektet återstod fyra koncept vilka presenterades för handledaren på företaget. Det bästa konceptet valdes ut och anpassades för tillverkning av konstruktören, Niklas Karlén, på Petersson Packaging i Norrköping. För närvarande pågår nyhetsgranskning av konceptet, vilket medför att det slutliga resultatet inte kan redovisas. Konceptets mest framstående egenskaper är dock att den är enkel att vika ihop, den är stapelbar och lätthanterlig, vilket var några av projektets mål.”Support tray for muffin cups” is a final thesis which was independently executed by Sara Glanander and Rebecka Westerlund during spring 2011. It was carried out through Karlstad University Faculty of Technology and Science in the study program of Innovation and Design Engineering. The employer of the project is Siluett of Sweden AB in Kristinehamn. The contact person and instructor at the company is Bernt Rådberg, sales and marketing manager. The supervisor at Karlstad University is Monica Jakobsson, lecturer and director of studies for the study program in Innovation and Design Engineering. Examiner is Fredrik Thuvander, lecturer and professor at Karlstad University. Siluett manufactures muffin cups and other cardboard- and paperbased products for the bakery- and patisserie industry. They have noticed an increase in demand from their customers for set up, patterned, muffin cups. The project was initiated to fulfill this need. Since the company had already noticed the need, only a smaller preliminary study was performed. The study was in the shape of short interviews at ten different bakeries in Karlstad and four mass-producing bakeries around the country. The focus was on the defining of the product where the inquired demands and functions were specified. Different methods were used during the concept generation, both individually and in group. The project team noticed that the easiest way to get understandable descriptions were by making small models in paper and cardboard. This method was diligently used throughout the project. Also the physiological ergonomics was studied and the heat resistance of the material was tested by laboratory experiments. The produced concepts were evaluated and developed. In the end, only four concepts remained and were presented to the instructor at the company. The best concept was chosen and later adjusted for manufacturing by Nicklas Karlén, a constructor at Peterson Packaging AB in Norrköping. For the present a novelty search is going on, which entails that the final result cannot be shown. The most eminent characteristic of the chosen concept is its simplicity. It is easy to fold, easy to stack and easy to handle, which was some of the goals of the project.
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Salado, Gerusa de Cássia. "Painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão: estudo, proposta e análise de desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-22052013-084606/.
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A extração cada vez maior de recursos da natureza e o grande volume de lixo descartado nos aterros sanitários alertam para a necessidade de se promover a reciclagem e a reutilização de resíduos para se gerarem novos materiais, inclusive, no setor da construção civil. Com base nisso e a partir de um estudo sobre as obras arquitetônicas em que Shigeru Ban construiu painéis de vedação com tubos de papelão, este trabalho desenvolveu uma proposta de painéis de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão e fez uma avaliação do seu desempenho estrutural visando a sua utilização no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios técnicos para avaliar o painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto, no que se refere à sua resistência mecânica e ao seu comportamento quando submetido às principais ações sofridas por um painel de vedação vertical. Também foi construída uma célula-teste para avaliar o desempenho técnico e estrutural do painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto quando submetido a situações reais de exposição. Os dados obtidos em ambas as avaliações foram levados em consideração para verificar o desempenho geral do painel que se propôs, possibilitando concluir se este é apto ao seu emprego na construção civil no Brasil, e sugerir alguns usos e aplicações para o mesmo.The increasing extraction of nature resources and the large volume of waste discarded in landfills call for the need to promote recycling and reuse of waste to create new materials, inclusive in the construction industry. Considering this aspect and from a study of the architectural masterpieces where Shigeru Ban built sealing cardboard tubes panels, this study developed a proposal for vertical sealing cardboard tubes panels and assessed their structural performance having in mind their use in Brazil. Technical tests were conducted to evaluate the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel regarding its mechanical resistance and behavior when submitted to the main actions suffered by a vertical sealing panel. A test cell was also built to evaluate the structural and technical performance of the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel when submitted to real exposure situations. Data obtained in both evaluations were taken into consideration to verify the general performance of the proposed panel, allowing to conclude whether this is suitable for being used in civil construction in Brazil, and to suggest some usage and applications for it.
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GON?ALVES, Fernando Lima Aires. "Efeito do coroamento com papel?o na supress?o de gram?neas e no crescimento de esp?cies arb?reas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1589.
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2016 - Fernando Lima Aires Gon?alves.pdf: 4917479 bytes, checksum: d7c7e6d879e9495bcc0db5d59f03c813 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T18:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Lima Aires Gon?alves.pdf: 4917479 bytes, checksum: d7c7e6d879e9495bcc0db5d59f03c813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26
Three studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of seedling crowning using cardboard in reforestation with arboreal species of the Atlantic. The first study aimed to test the effect of the crowning with cardboard on the growth of Atlantic Forest species planted in a pasture area with dominance of Andropogon bicornis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with two treatments and 12 repetitions. Treatments consisted of crowning with cardboard or crowning with hoe applied to 11 tree species. We evaluated the growth of plants by measuring the height (H) and diameter of the collar height (DAC) at 6, 12 and 18 months after planting beyond survival rate. It was also carried out an assessment of the costs of each treatment. The results showed that the board did not interfere significantly in any forest species assessed. However, the survival rate was higher in the treatment crown of cardboard (80.7%) compared to the capping treatment with hoe (73.1%). In the economic aspect, the crowning with cardboard obtained material cost and labor up to 50% lower than the crowning with hoe. In the second study we evaluated the crowning efficiency with cardboard in the suppression of four species of grasses commonly found in forest areas in the Atlantic Forest. Four experiments were set up in places with dominant species A. bicornis, Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa umidicola and Panicum maximum. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications. The treatments were the culmination of cardboard and without crowning. The cardboard efficiency was monitored by sampling the total biomass and the level of senescence of grasses in the area crowned. The cardboard was efficient in suppressing the four species of grasses evaluated, because after the evaluation period (100- 170 days) had hardly live plant material in the field of crowns. In the third study was rated as the crowning with cardboard influences the temperature and moisture in the surface layers in the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four treatments and eight repetitions. The treatments were 1 - crown with cardboard (cardboard disposed directly on the braqui?ria); 2 - no crowning; 3 - with cardboard crown after crown with hoe (willing cardboard on the exposed soil); 4 - crowning with hoe. The moisture in the layers from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm of soil, and the temperature in the layers 0 and 2,5 cm, 2.5 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm of the soil were monitored during periods 19 and subsequent 7 days, respectively, at a rain simulation 130 mm for 24 hours and natural rainfall of 133 mm for 13 days. The results indicated that treatment 1 (crowning with cardboard) decreased soil drying speed while maintaining higher water content in the crown area compared to the other treatments. Both capping treatments showed cardboard soil temperature in the region of the crown to 8.5?C lower than the capping treatment with cardboard. The set of results of the three studies demonstrate that the use of the capping technique with cardboard in reforestation deployment can significantly reduce operating costs after planting, either by reducing hand labor used in capping operations, as the lower need for seedlings for replanting.
Foram conduzidos tr?s estudos objetivando avaliar a efici?ncia do coroamento de mudas com papel?o em reflorestamentos com esp?cies arb?reas da Mata Atl?ntica. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo testar o efeito do coroamento com papel?o sobre o crescimento de esp?cies da Mata Atl?ntica plantadas em uma ?rea de pastagem com domin?ncia de Andropogon bicornis. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 12 repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram de coroamento com papel?o ou coroamento com enxada aplicados a 11 esp?cies arb?reas. Avaliou-se o crescimento das plantas atrav?s da mensura??o da altura (H) e di?metro a altura do coleto (DAC) aos 6, 12 e 18 meses ap?s o plantio al?m da taxa de sobreviv?ncia. Tamb?m foi realizada uma avalia??o dos custos de cada tratamento. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o papel?o n?o interferiu de maneira significativa em nenhuma esp?cie florestal avaliada. Entretanto, a taxa de sobreviv?ncia foi maior no tratamento de coroamento com papel?o (80,7%) comparado ao tratamento de coroamento com enxada (73,1%). No aspecto econ?mico, o coroamento com papel?o obteve custo de material e m?o de obra at? 50% inferior ao do coroamento com enxada. No segundo estudo avaliou-se a efici?ncia do coroamento com papel?o na supress?o de quatro esp?cies de gram?neas forrageiras comumente encontradas em ?reas de reflorestamento no bioma Mata Atl?ntica. Foram montados quatro experimentos em s?tios com domin?ncia das esp?cies A. bicornis, Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa umidicola e Panicum maximum. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram o coroamento com papel?o e sem coroamento. A efici?ncia do papel?o foi monitorada atrav?s de coletas da biomassa total e do n?vel de senesc?ncia das gram?neas na ?rea coroada. O papel?o se mostrou eficiente na supress?o das quatro esp?cies de gram?neas avaliadas, pois ap?s o per?odo de avalia??o (100 a 170 dias) praticamente n?o havia material vegetal vivo na ?rea das coroas. No terceiro estudo foi avaliado como o coroamento com papel?o influencia na temperatura e umidade nas camadas superficiais no solo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e oito repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram 1 ? coroamento com papel?o (papel?o disposto diretamente sobre a braqui?ria); 2 ? sem coroamento; 3 ? coroamento com papel?o ap?s coroamento com enxada (papel?o disposto sobre o solo exposto); 4 ? coroamento com enxada. A umidade, nas camadas de 0 a 5 cm e 5 a 10 cm do solo, e a temperatura, nas camadas de 0 a 2,5 cm, 2,5 a 5 cm e 5 a 10 cm do solo, foram monitorados durante per?odos de 19 e 7 dias subsequentes, respectivamente, a uma simula??o de chuva de 130 mm durante 24 hs e a chuvas naturais de 133 mm durante 13 dias. Os resultados indicaram que o tratamento 1 (coroamento com papel?o) diminuiu a velocidade de ressecamento do solo, mantendo maior teor de ?gua na ?rea da coroa em compara??o aos demais tratamentos. Ambos os tratamentos de coroamento com papel?o apresentaram temperatura do solo na regi?o da coroa at? 8,5?C menor do que no tratamento de coroamento com papel?o. O conjunto de resultados dos tr?s estudos realizados demonstram que o uso da t?cnica de coroamento com papel?o na implanta??o de reflorestamentos pode reduzir significativamente os custos operacionais ap?s o plantio, tanto pela redu??o de m?o-de-obra empregada em opera??es de coroamento, quanto pela menor necessidade de replantio de mudas.
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Ferreira, Marcelo. "Problemas de programação de produção em indústrias de embalagens de papelão ondulado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155914.
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Nessa tese abordamos dois problemas reais identificados no processo produtivo de indústrias de embalagens de papelão ondulado, que denotaremos por Problema de Minimização de Trocas de Gramaturas e Rolos Corrugadores (PMTGRC) e Problema da Alocação de Bobinas no Corrugador (PABC). Ambos os problemas ocorrem no corrugador, máquina multiestágio que produz as chapas de papelão ondulado. O PMTGRC surge da necessidade de minimizar trocas de gramaturas e rolos corrugadores durante o processo de produção dos boletins, uma vez que cada boletim traz as gramaturas específicas das camadas da chapa, além do tipo de onda empregada no(s) miolos(s). O sequenciamento dos boletins impacta na quantidade de mudanças de gramaturas nos porta-bobinas e se haverátrocaderoloscorrugadoresparadoisboletinssubsequentes. Astrocasdegramaturas impactam em custos de transporte de bobinas e as trocas de rolos corrugadores impactam em perda de produtividade. Para o PMTGRC propomos quatro modelos inéditos de programação inteira capazes de integrar essas duas considerações. O PABC integra várias considerações relacionadas à alocação das bobinas no corrugador, como por exemplo, a minimização das sobras não aproveitáveis e das quantidades de consumos parciais, fatores que influenciam diretamente nos custos de produção. Um modelo linear inteiro misto inédito é proposto, determinando quais bobinas serão utilizadas em cada porta-bobinas. Além disso, propomos uma estratégia de sequenciamento das bobinas em cada porta-bobina, evitando paragens no corrugador. Uma série de testes computacionais utilizando instâncias geradas com base em dados reais foram realizados. Os resultados indicam que os modelos foram eficientes em tratar os problemas propostos.
In this thesis we approached two real problems identified over the productive process of corrugated cardboard industries, which we will denote as the Minimization of Converting Weights and Corrugators Problem (MCWCP) and the Corrugators Coil Allocation Problem (CCAP). Both of these problems happen in the corrugators, a multistage machine which produces corrugated cardboard. The MCWCP appears from the necessity to minimize changes of weight and corrugator rolls during the production process of the bulletins, since each one brings the specific layers’s weight of the sheets, besides the kind of wave put in the middle. The sequence of bulletins impact in the number of weight changes in the coil holders and if there will be corrugating rollers’s exchange for two following bulletins. The gramature’s exchanges impact in the costs of transportation and the corrugating rollers exchange causes lost in the productivity. We propose four whole programming models capable of integrating both considerations. The CCAP integrates many considerations related to the coils’s allocation on the corrugators, for example, the minimization of the non-usable leftovers and the amount of partial consumption, factors which influence directly on the production’s costs. A whole new mist linear model is proposed, determined which coil on the corrugators are going to be used in each coil holder. Besides this, we propose a sequel strategy for the coils in each coil holder, avoiding stops on the corrugators. A series of computation tests using instances created based on real data were made. The results indicate that the models were efficient in solving the problems.
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Ritter, Amy B. "My Body In Visual Culture." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398882692.
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Stalcup, Erik James. "Numerical Modeling of Upward Flame Spread and Burning of Wavy Thin Solids." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1417797653.
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Luong, Viet Dung. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique des phénomènes d’endommagement par fatigue des emballages." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS012.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement les emballages en carton compact et ondulé à l’aide de tests spécifiques qui permettent de reproduire les conditions de transport. Après avoir effectué des essais de traction pour caractériser le comportement orthotrope des papiers et carton compact, nous avons déterminé par des essais de compression statique la résistance à la compression verticale (RCV) des boîtes en carton compact et des caisses en carton ondulé étudiées. Pour l’analyse dynamique, nous avons mené des expériences de vibrations aléatoires et de chocs sur ces emballages. Nous avons ensuite implémenté un modèle de comportement élastoplastique orthotrope (IPE) pour les papiers et le carton compact dans le logiciel Abaqus à l'aide du programme utilisateur VUMAT. Nous avons également proposé une homogénéisation du modèle IPE pour le carton ondulé, que nous avons implémenté dans lelogiciel Abaqus à l'aide du programme utilisateur UGENS. Nous avons montré que le modèle élastoplastique IPE permettait de décrire de manière très satisfaisante le comportement statique et dynamique des boîtes en carton compact. L’utilisation du modèle IPE homogénéisé permettait, d’une part la création facile de la géométrie, et d’autre part la réduction importante des temps de calcul. Les résultats obtenus avec le modèle homogénéisé se comparaient très bien avec ceux obtenus avec le modèle 3D complet et les résultats expérimentaux en statique et en dynamique. Enfin, pour la simulation des essais de fatigue, nous avons réalisé des simulations des essais de chocs successifs jusqu’à l’endommagement de la caisse, et nous avons utilisé un modèle de fatigue dans le logiciel Fe-Safe pour déterminer la durée de vie des caisses. Les résultats des simulations obtenus montrent que notre modèle permet de bien reproduire les résultats expérimentaux pour les trois zones d’endurance des courbes limites de dommageIn this thesis, we have experimentally characterized compact and corrugated cardboard packaging using specific tests that reproduce transport conditions. After carrying out tensile tests to characterize the orthotropic behavior of papers and cardboard, we determined by static compression tests the box compressive strength (BCT) of the cardboard and corrugated cardboard boxes. For the dynamic analysis, we conducted random vibration and shock experiments on these packages. We then implemented an orthotropic elastoplastic behavior model (IPE) for papers and cardboard in Abaqus software using the VUMAT user program. We also proposed a homogenization of the IPE model for corrugated cardboard, which we implemented in the Abaqus software using the UGENS user program. We have shown that the IPE elastoplastic model allows a very satisfactory description of the static and dynamic behavior of cardboard boxes.The use of the homogenized IPE model allowed, on the one hand, the easy design of the geometry, and on the other hand, the significant reduction in computation times. The results obtained with the homogenized model compared verywell with those obtained with the full 3D model and the experimental results in statics and dynamics. Finally, for the simulation of the fatigue tests, we carried out simulations of successive impact tests until the box was damaged, and we used a fatigue model in the Fe-Safe software to determine the fatigue life of the boxes. The results of the simulations obtained show that our model makes it possible to well reproduce the experimental results for the three endurance zones of the damage boundary curves
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Berggrén, Rasmus. "In pursuit of consumer-accessible augmented virtuality." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209548.
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This project is an examination of the possibility of using existing software to develop Virtual Reality (VR) software that includes key aspects of objects in a user’s surroundings into a virtual environment, producing Augmented Virtuality (AV). A defining limitation is the requirement that the software be consumer-accessible, meaning it needs run on a common smartphone with no additional equipment. Two related AV concepts were considered: shape reconstruction and positional tracking. Two categories of techniques were considered for taking the measurements of reality necessary to achieve those AV concepts using only a monocular RGB camera as sensor: monocular visual SLAM (mvSLAM) and Structure from Motion (SfM). Two lists of requirements were constructed, formalising the notions of AV and consumer-accessibility. A search process was then conducted, where existing software packages were evaluated for their suitability to be included in a piece of software fulfilling all requirements. The evaluations of SfM systems were made in combination with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) systems – a necessary complement for achieving visible shape reconstruction using a system that outputs point clouds. After thoroughly evaluating a variety of software, it was concluded that consumer-accessible AV can not currently be achieved by combining existing packages, due to several issues. While future hardware performance increases and new software implementations would solve complexity and availability issues, some inaccuracy and usability issues are inherent to the limitation of using a monocular camera.Detta projekt är en undersökning av möjligheten att använda befintlig programvara till att utveckla Virtual Reality (VR)-programvara som infogar framstående aspekter av objekt från en användares omgivning in i en virtuell miljö och därmed skapar Augmented Virtuality (AV). En definierande begränsning är kravet på att programvaran skall vara konsumenttillgänglig, vilket innebär att den behöver kunna köras på en vanlig smartphone utan extra utrustning. Två besläktade AV-koncept beaktades: formrekonstruktion och positionsspårning. Två kategorier av tekniker togs i beaktande, vilka kunde användas för att göra de uppmätningar av verkligheten som var nödvändiga för att uppnå de tänkta AV-koncepten med hjälp av endast en monokulär RGB-kamera som sensor: monocular visual SLAM (mvSLAM) och Structure from Motion (SfM). Två listor med kriterier konstruerades, vilka formaliserade begreppen AV och konsumenttillgänglighet. En sökprocess utfördes sedan, där befintliga programvarupaket utvärderades för sin lämplighet att inkluderas i en programvara som uppfyllde alla kriterier. Utvärderingarna av SfM-system gjordes i kombination med Multi-View Stereo (MVS)-system – ett nödvändigt komplement för att uppnå synlig formrekonstruktion med ett system vars utdata är punktmoln. Efter att noggrant ha utvärderat en mängd programvara var slutsatsen att konsumenttillgänglig AV inte för närvarande kan uppnås genom att kombinera befintliga programvarupaket, på grund av ett antal olika problem. Medan framtida prestandaökningar hos maskinvara och nya programvarutillämpningar skulle lösa problem med komplexitet och tillgänglighet, är vissa problem med tillförlitlighet och användbarhet inneboende hos begränsningen till att använda en monokulär kamera.
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DO, CARMO SÁ AZEVEDO LEMOS MARGARIDA. "O Design de embalagem como síntese formal e expressiva do conteúdo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61438.
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[EN] Packaging is a permanent presence and takes a significant expression in daily life, it contains, protects, informs and gives character to the products, establishing an inseparable relationship between content and container. This research focused on formal, material and communicative packaging aspects of liquid food products, performs a mapping of the issues related to the interrelation of practical functions (performance for the user), aesthetic (configuration and interaction with the user) and symbolic (significance to the user) from the liquid food packages, having as confluence point the relationship content/ product container in the set of interactions/ user/ environment.
Seen as an interface between the product and the user, the packaging of liquid food products, occupies an essential place in our society, allowing an uncountable number of products to reach the hands of those who need them, intact and in perfect condition. The package preserves the physical and temporal natural products, covering them and giving them shape, becoming a product skin like the skin of the fruit or human skin, prolonging their existence, with direct health benefits and well being of the populations.
This thesis has as study object the packaging of liquid food products and how its shape expresses its identity, the concept and function of the product it contains and conforms. This research resorted to analytical studies, based on the reflections of Flusser and Lipovetsky, around the man and his relationship to the object and conducted the identification and recognition of archetypal packaging in the universe of reference products (milk, juice, water and hybrid drinks), as well as the morphological and qualitative comparative analysis of liquid food packaging in different materials (glass, multilayer cardboard, metal, plastic), having as a study focus the inseparable relationship between the content and the container.
This study resulted in the achievement of Tetra Con)forma project goal so that provided the constructive possibilities of the multilayer material for forming a packagings for hybrid liquid drinks, emphasizing the concepts of nomadism (portability), customization (composition) and theatricality (convertibility), wherein the shape is expressed by the structural dimension portability, in the communicative by the composition and in the symbolic by convertibility.[ES] El envase es una presencia permanente y asume una expresión significativa en lo cotidiano, al contener, proteger, informar y conferir carácter a los productos estableciendo una relación indisociable entre el contenido y el contenedor. Esta investigación centrada en los aspectos formales, materiales y comunicativos de los envases de productos alimenticios líquidos, efectúa un mapeado de las cuestiones relacionadas con la interrelación de las funciones prácticas (desempeño para el usuario), estéticas (configuración e interacción con el usuario) y simbólicas (significado para el usuario) de los envases de productos líquidos alimenticios teniendo como punto de convergencia la relación contenido/ contenedor en el conjunto de las interacciones producto/ usuario/ medio. Concebida como interfaz entre el producto y el usuario, el envase de productos líquidos alimentícios ocupa un lugar esencial en nuestra sociedad, permitiendo que un sin número de productos llegue a manos de aquellos que los necesitan, intactos y perfectas condiciones de uso. El envase preserva la integridad física y temporal de los productos naturales, recubriéndolos y dándoles forma, transformándose en una piel del producto a semejanza de la piel de la fruta o de la piel humana, prolongando su existencia, con beneficios directos para la salud y bienestar de la población. La presente tesis tiene por objeto de estudio el envase de productos líquidos alimentícios y el modo en el que su forma expresa la identidad, el concepto y la función del producto que contiene y conforma. Esta investigación provino de estudios analíticos, fundamentados en las reflexiones de Flusser y Lipovetsky en torno al hombre y a su relación con el objeto y procedió a la identificación y reconocimiento de envases arquetipo en el universo de productos de referencia (leche, zumos, agua y bebidas híbridas), así como el análisis morfológico comparado y cualitativo de los envases de productos líquidos alimentícios en los diferentes materiales (vidrio, cartón multicapa, metal, plástico), teniendo como foco de estudio la relación indisociable entre el contenido y el contenedor. Este estudio culminó con la realización del meta proyecto Tetra Con)forma, que previó las posibilidades constructivas del material multicapa para conformar un volumen con)formador para bebidas líquidas híbridas, enfatizando los conceptos de nomadismo (portabilidad), personalización (composición) y teatralidad (convertibilidad), en que se expresa la forma en la dimensión estructural por la portabilidad, en la comunicativa por la composición y en la simbólica por la convertibilidad.
[CAT] L'envàs és una presència permanent i assumeix una expressió significativa el quotidià, en contenir, protegir, informar i conferir caràcter als productes establint una relació indissociable entre el contingut i el contenidor. Aquesta recerca centrada en els aspectes formals, materials i comunicatius dels envasos de productes alimentosos líquids, efectua una localització de les qüestions relacionades amb la correspondència de les funcions pràctiques (acompliment per a l'usuari), estètiques (configuració i interacció amb l'usuari) i simbòliques (significat per a l'usuari) dels envasos de productes líquids alimentosos tenint com a punt de convergència la relació contingut/ contenidor en el conjunt de les interacciones producte/ usuari/ mitjà. Concebuda com a interfície entre el producte i l'usuari, l'envàs de productes líquids alimentosos ocupa un lloc essencial en la nostra societat, permetent que un sense nombre de productes arriben a les mans d'aquells que els necessiten, intactes i perfectes condicions d'ús. L'envàs preserva la integritat física i temporal dels productes naturals, recobrint-los i donant-los forma, transformant-se en una pell del producte a semblança de la pell de la fruita o de la pell humana, perllongant la seua existència, amb beneficis directes per a la salut i benestar de la població. La present tesi té per objecte d'estudi l'envàs de productes líquids alimentosos i la manera en el qual la seua forma expressa la identitat, el concepte i la funció del producte que conté i conforma. Aquesta recerca va provenir d'estudis analítics, fonamentats en les reflexions de Flusser i Lipovetsky entorn de l'home i a la seua relació amb l'objecte i va procedir a la identificació i reconeixement d'envasos arquetip en l'univers de productes de referència (llet, sucs, aigua i begudes híbrides), així com l'anàlisi morfològica comparada i qualitatiu dels envasos de productes líquids alimentosos en els diferents materials (vidre, cartó multicapa, metall, plàstic), tenint com a focus d'estudi la relació indissociable entre el contingut i el contenidor. Aquest estudi va culminar amb la realització del meta projecte Tetra Amb)forma, que va preveure les possibilitats constructives del material multicapa per a conformar un volum amb)formador per a begudes líquides híbrides, emfatitzant els conceptes de nomadisme (portabilitat), personalització (composició) i teatralitat (convertibilitat), en què s'expressa la forma en la dimensió estructural per la portabilitat, en la comunicativa per la composició i en la simbòlica per la convertibilitat.
Do Carmo Sá Azevedo Lemos, M. (2016). O Design de embalagem como síntese formal e expressiva do conteúdo [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61438
TESIS
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Maloušková, Drahomíra. "Neužitečné věci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240531.
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Useless things. I normally use trash things like pattern in painting still life. My father suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder – accumulation of things. In addition to painting, I also work with objects themselves. My interest also closely related to how the concepts of the subject, object and artifact are appliing in contemporary art. There are the tradition of imitation fact, principle of ready-made, the issue of technical reproducibility and virtual reality of things in history of art. As a central theme of my thesis, I selected the part of bodywork Tatra 613, which carries all the testimony about ,,useless and hopeless "situation in which it is located. It is also an object monumental and visually very aesthetic. Yet it is not my intention to settle for the principle of redy-made. Asked about artwork as intermediaries art and its seemingly useless producing and reproducing, I want to try to create another such usless situation. That's why I make a cardboard copy (1: 1) of this object. I also make video with motive 3D copy of the same object. I like to create some voltage between that useless object and valuable art practice. I think, it does not just mean such futility when these objects will be viewed as an art.
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Su, Jun, and 蘇潤. "Cardboard Tectonics of Digital Fabrication." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92557873034572339146.
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碩士淡江大學
建築學系碩士班
102
Materials research is an important aspect in architectural design. Many architects dedicate themselves to the development of new materials and innovative applications of existing materials. This study explores cardboard as a material, using parametric design tools to generate a 3D computer model. The structure is then constructed in the real world. Different material properties and fabrication techniques are tested and practiced through digital processes, and the full size structure is constructed in the final stage. The early stage of this research focuses on studying cardboard as a material. A digital fabrication machine is utilized to fabricate material plates of cardboards in order to test various digital fabrication techniques on this material. New tools and techniques in design and fabrication result in research methods that are different from the existing ones. On the basis of the research outcomes with respect to a cardboard, the material research is combined with digital fabrication to form one or many types of methods that serve as the foundation for the design of spatial configuration of units. The parametric design tool Grasshopper is used in this study to design an arch space consisting of different units from different fabrication methods of cardboards. With computer aided design and parametric design, various units of cardboards are made into plan drawings that can be processed by numerically controlled machines, such as by sectional view. The units are cut and assembled to form the arch space. Problems that may be encountered during the actual tectonic are addressed. It is hoped that the procedures and details in the process from digital design to digital fabrication of cardboards can be discussed in this study.
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"INVESTIGATION OF CORRUGATED CARDBOARD FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-04-1014.
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Vibration isolation is a common approach to reduce the undesired vibration of a dynamic system from its surrounding. The common material used for the vibration isolator is rubber (for example) which is known to be environmentally unfriendly. This thesis presents a study on the use of corrugated cardboard for the vibration isolator, which is known to be a highly environment-friendly material. The focus of the study is on understanding and modeling of stiffness and damping of cardboard when it or its system (several cardboards) is used for isolating the vibration coming from the vertical direction of cardboard.
In this thesis, a study is presented of finite element modeling of stiffness of corrugated cardboard in its vertical direction with the aim of overcoming two major shortcomings in modeling in the current literature: (1) the width effect is neglected even for cardboard with its width greater than length and (2) the non-linear constitutive relation is not accurately determined. Indeed, it is likely that these shortcomings are responsible for inaccuracy with the models in the current literature to predict the stiffness and peak load. Further, a test bed was set up for the measurement of damping of cardboards in this study. This thesis also presents an application of the theoretic development in the stiffness and damping of corrugated cardboard to design an isolator for the vacuum pump at Canadian Light Source.
Several conclusions are drawn from this study: (1) modeling with consideration of the width effect and non-linear constitutive relation is necessary to improve the accuracy of prediction of stiffness of cardboard; (2) set up for the measurement of damping of cardboard is accurate; and (3) cardboard systems are feasible for vibration isolation in terms of the reduction of amplitude of vibration.
The contribution of this thesis includes: (1) providing a finite element method for modeling of corrugated cardboards which have a complex non-linear constitutive relation, variable contact configuration, and 3D geometrical effect and (2) providing the feasibility of proving that corrugated cardboard can be used for vibration isolation.
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Hsu, Shang-Chung, and 徐尚宗. "A Study of Mechanical Properties of Corrugated Cardboard." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29127503259742787991.
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碩士國立中興大學
森林學系所
95
The strength of corrugated cardboard is the great importance in packaging industrial applications. Raw materials and accurate design methods are crucial in determining the load capacity of corrugated cardboard. The objective of this study was first to get the mechanical properties of paperboard and corrugated cardboard, and using the ANSYS FEA program to analysis the edge compression strength of corrugated cardboard. The application of finite element analysis (FEA) is based on the finite element method that simulated the mechanical behavior of corrugated cardboard by a finite element model, and predicted the performance of the corrugated cardboard with various loading conditions. The main advantages of using finite element analysis way are the decreased development costs, and a faster development phase etc. According to the results of study, realizing the material nature of commercial linerboard and corrugating medium are anisotropic, heterogeneous, and a ductile materials but without conspicuous yielding stress. The averaged value of edgewise compression strength for research specimens were 3.810, 5.801 and 7.506 kN/m. The ECT loading ability for corrugated cardboard correlated closely with RCT values from machine direction pieces of out layer (outer) linerboard. The correlation between ECT loading values and inner linerboard and corrugating medium RCT values were not so closely than outer linerboard. Used SPSS statistic program with stepwise regression way, got the relationship formula between ECT loading value (Y) and RCT value of MD piece (A) and width of ECT piece (B) showed Y=-1433.286+1.719A+14.309B, A≧19 and B≧98. The difference between experimental value and calculated value were -1.4 ~ 2.3 %, and the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.965. There was a good relationship between ECT values and formula calculated values. Most of the estimated ECT values from KCL-A flute, Kellicutt, and B&B (Biancolini and Brutti) formula were different to the experimental values. But the correlation coefficient (R) among they were 0.905 ~ 0.939, showed there was a good relationship between ECT values and calculated values from the formula. The fitting meshing size in study was 1 ~ 1.5 mm. ECT stress values are significantly lower than FEA calculated values in the results. The ranges between both were 32.9 ~37.6%（Avg. 34.7 %）. Although there showed significantly difference each other, but the high correlation coefficient (R) 0.994 was gotten also. Hence, It seems to have a good relation between ECT values and FEA calculated values.
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Chang, Wei-Chen, and 張瑋晨. "Virtual Reality English Learning Space Implementation -Google Cardboard." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yakkvr.
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碩士國立交通大學
理學院科技與數位學習學程
107
With the growth of ever-changing technology, cellphones have become essential in our daily life. If we can turn cellphones into learning tools, it will surely improve students learning efficiency. According to current curriculum guidelines in Taiwan, English is an important subject. However, while viewing the existing learning apps in the app store, we can only find rigid English vocabulary practice apps, English video clips with sentence pattern drills or materials related to grammars. Those apps do little help to students’ speaking ability, not to mention to motivate students. In order to improve students’ English speaking ability and boost their interest in learning English, we came up with a new Virtual Reality teaching apps in the study. Apart from using Virtual Reality to boost students interests in learning English, users can practice English conversation through being the main character in the game with the help of AI assistant (provided by IBM Watson service). The students can practice conversation with the characters through their cellphones. This study chose the Virtual Reality equipment “Cardboard” due to its low price and easy access. In the end, we help to benefit the English learners through this study. We also hope this study can help English is not only confined to memorizing vocabulary and English textbook mechanically but also being used authentically.
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chun-yeh, Liu, and 劉浚冶. "Study on Heat Seal Gluing of Blister Packing Cardboard Paper." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26199855365998807178.
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碩士中國文化大學
資訊傳播研究所
92
This article is focusing mainly on the cardboards for Blister Packing, in the operational procedures, we coat fixed quantity of Heat Seal Glue to the cardboards currently under mass production of different lot number, such as 300P, 350P, 400P etc., that provided by 5 different paper companies, we use the National Paper Coating Quality Standard that published by Bureau of Standards, MOEA, to establish effective samples and do research and analysis by experimental methods. From base paper, printing, gluing and processing, we collect data on the gloss and peel strength from in this article could act as a bridge to help the industry to have a better understanding the effect of Heat Seal Glue on the Blister Packing paper card, and reach finally the goal of quality requirement in product packing among vision, transportation, trading, technology, and utilization. The research results are summarized as follows: 1.Current research shows that although the equivalent products that provided by different manufacturers, they all reach the quality standard in utilization. For different brands, 300P, 350P, 400P, all the above three sources paper pound number, the gloss level and peel strength has no difference because of different paper pound number. But the gloss level and peel strength of different brands has its difference. 2.Current research has been focused on the relationship between reflection concentration and absorbing ability, and the obtained data all show an irrelevance between each other. Only the source paper surface gloss level has consistent effect, that is, the source paper surface gloss level produce difference on the peel strength in different degree for paper with or without printing. 3.The source paper surface gloss is highly negatively related to the peel strength of source paper without printing, there is difference for the source paper surface gloss level among the three different paper pound number provided by five different, the production process details from contractors are difficult to know, but the paper quality all reach the paper coating quality standard published by National Bureau of Standards. From the experiment we know that source paper with higher gloss level will have smaller peel strength, and vice versa, source paper with lower gloss level will have larger peel strength, source paper surface gloss is about 44%, and the optimum peel strength for paper without printing is 0.11 Kg/inch2. 4.The source paper surface gloss level and the peel strength for paper with printing is highly to moderately negatively relate, for general four colors (trapping, magenta, cyan, yellow, black) color block, the peel strength has difference produced by printing. Source paper surface gloss is about 44%, and the peel strength still reaches 0.10 Kg/inch2. 5.Special color (fluorescence, gold, silver ink) color block, because the fluorescence ink contains fluorescence inhibitor, and the gold and silver ink contains metal pigment, all these affect glue penetration and absorptive, so that the source paper gloss level difference from different brands have no effect on the peel strength. The peel strength all around 0.07~0.08 Kg/inch2.