Journal articles: 'Carcinoma Prostata'

1

Cerruti, G. B., P. G. Viasco, R. Pistilli, F. Tani, A. Faita, D. Acerbi, and C. Tonelli. "Carcinoma Incidentale Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 56, no. 1 (February 1989): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038905600116.

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Benelli, R., M. Gavazzi, F. Balloni, F. Rubino, P. Peruzzi, and R. Nannini. "Carcinoma a Cellule Transizionali Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 54, no. 6 (December 1987): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038705400615.

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Tamai, A., D. Xausa, A. Giunta, P. Silvestre, L. Gherardi, and G. Breda. "I Markers Del Carcinoma Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 57, no. 1 (February 1990): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039005700116.

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Venza, E. "Il Grading Citoistologico Nel Carcinoma Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 57, no. 1 (February 1990): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039005700115.

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Rizzi, C. "Valore prognostico della ploidia cellulare nel carcinoma della prostata." Urologia Journal 62, no. 4 (August 1995): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039506200409.

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Clinical and pathological staging and histological grading do not always have sufficient value to predict the behaviour of prostatic carcinoma after prostatectomy. Many studies have suggested that DNA ploidy can provide additional prognostic information. DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry on paraffin-embedded tissue from 44 radical prostatectomies for carcinoma. The percentage of aneuploid tumours was higher among poorly differentiated neoplasms, in advanced stage and in cases with progression of disease, also considering the same stage and grade. DNA ploidy can represent a significant prognostic parameter in the post-operative evaluation of patients with prostatic carcinoma.

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Floris, F., P. Corpino, and A. Pinna. "La Ecografia Nella Diagnosi Del Carcinoma Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 53, no. 2 (April 1986): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038605300206.

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Madonia, Massimo, Paolo Soggia, Gianmarco Garau, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia, and Carlo Corbu. "Carcinoma della prostata: prostatectomia radicale nei pazienti over 70." Reviews in Health Care 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2013): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.6524295-103.

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Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers in industrialized countries and it occurs mainly in men older than 50 years. In light of a rapidly ageing population it seems certain tha increasingly many septuagenarians with significant life-expectancy will present with prostate cancer to urologist. However currently there is a lack of consensus on prostate cancer and its treatment in the cohort of men ≥ 70 years of age. Although elderly men are often recommended a watchfull waiting option based on lower life expentancy and potentially slow disease progression, recent evidences indicate suggest a potential benefit of radical prostatectomy in selected older patients. The aim of this review is to illustrate the evidences demonstrating the efficacy and safety and of radical prostatectomy in patients over 70. Also, are presented the results of a small Italian study on patients aged ≥ 70 years with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. The results show that radical prostatectomy is a safe and effective option in elderly patients, with low incidence of complications and recovery of continence in about two-thirds of patients.

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Madonia, Massimo, Paolo Soggia, Gianmarco Garau, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia, and Carlo Corbu. "Carcinoma della prostata: prostatectomia radicale nei pazienti over 70." Reviews in Health Care 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2013): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v4i2.652.

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Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers in industrialized countries and it occurs mainly in men older than 50 years. In light of a rapidly ageing population it seems certain tha increasingly many septuagenarians with significant life-expectancy will present with prostate cancer to urologist. However currently there is a lack of consensus on prostate cancer and its treatment in the cohort of men ≥ 70 years of age. Although elderly men are often recommended a watchfull waiting option based on lower life expentancy and potentially slow disease progression, recent evidences indicate suggest a potential benefit of radical prostatectomy in selected older patients. The aim of this review is to illustrate the evidences demonstrating the efficacy and safety and of radical prostatectomy in patients over 70. Also, are presented the results of a small Italian study on patients aged ≥ 70 years with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. The results show that radical prostatectomy is a safe and effective option in elderly patients, with low incidence of complications and recovery of continence in about two-thirds of patients.

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Benelli, R., M. Gavazzi, F. Balloni, R. Becherini, R. Nannini, and M. Campaioli. "Analisi Statistica Su 122 Casi Di Carcinoma Incidentale Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 54, no. 2 (April 1987): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038705400202.

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Marini, F., and G. B. Signori. "L'M-Vac Nella Terapia Del Carcinoma Transizionale Della Prostata: Nostra Osservazione." Urologia Journal 54, no. 2 (April 1987): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038705400222.

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Floris, F. "Ecografia Transrettale Contro Esplorazione Rettale Nella Diagnosi Del Carcinoma Della Prostata." Urologia Journal 54, no. 6 (December 1987): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038705400609.

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12

Guaitoli, P., M. Colonna, R. Berte, L. Zappalà, L. Zuiani, and G. Mazza. "Il Carcinoma Endometrioids Della Prostata: Nostra Esperienza E Revisione Della Letteratura." Urologia Journal 56, no. 4 (August 1989): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156038905600412.

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13

Sruogis, Algimantas, Ugnius Mickys, Tadas Petraitis, Edita Kaubrienė, and Feliksas Jankevičius. "Prostatos urotelio karcinoma, diagnozuota atlikus biopsiją. Klinikinis atvejis ir literatūros apžvalga." Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.4.2303.

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Algimantas Sruogis1, Ugnius Mickys2, Tadas Petraitis1, Edita Kaubrienė3, Feliksas Jankevičius11 Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutoUrologijos skyrius,Santariškių g. 1, LT-08661 VilniusEl paštas: sruogis@loc.lt2 Lietuvos nacionalinis patologijos centras3 Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutoIntervencinės echoskopijos irultragarsinės diagnostikos skyrius Tikslas Nustatyti diagnostinius prostatos urotelio karcinomos kriterijus, diferencijuojant urotelio karcinomą, peraugančią šlapimo pūslės kaklelį ir prostatą, nuo prostatos adenokarcinomos, peraugančios šlapimo pūslę. Atvejis Pacientas, 37 metų, trejus metus gydytas nuo lėtinio prostatito. Prostatos sekrete nustačius atipinių ląstelių, įtarus prostatos vėžį, ligonis nusiųstas į VU Onkologijos institutą. Tyrimo pro tiesiąją žarną, cistoskopijos, rentgenologinio, ultragarso ir serumo žymenų tyrimo duomenimis, diddesnių pokyčių nerasta. Atlikus transuretrinę šlapimo pūslės gleivinės biopsiją (TUR) iš šlapimo pūslės sienelių, kaklelio ir šlaplės prostatinės gleivinės, histologiškai nustatyti normalūs urotelio audiniai. Šlapimo citologinis tyrimas buvo neigiamas. Atlikus transrektalinę prostatos biopsiją, diagnozuotas prostatos urotelio navikas, imunohistochemiškai neigiamas PSA (prostatos specifiniam antigenui) ir teigiamas citokeratinams CK8 ir CK HMW. Pacientui buvo atlikta radikali cistoprostatektomija, pašalinti dubens limfmazgiai ir suformuotas šlapimo nuotėkis į ileum segmentą, išvestą į priekinę pilvo sieną (Brycker būdu). Morfologinė diagnozė – prostatos urotelio karcinoma. Taip pat diagnozuota prostatos adenokarcinoma ir prostatos intraepitelinė neoplazija. Po 15 mėnesių PSA lygis buvo 0,2 ng/ml, jokių ligos progresavimo požymių nepasireiškė. Remiantis šiuo klinikiniu atveju straipsnyje apžvelgiama literatūra, aiškinantis prostatos urotelio karcinomos ir adenokarcinomos skirtumus. Išvados Diagnozuojant prostatos urotelio karcinomą reikia vadovautis tam tikrais kriterijais: 1) prostatos urotelio karcinoma turi būti verifikuota makro-, mikroskopiškai ir imunohistocheminiais metodais, 2) neturėtų būti kitų urotelio karcinomos židinių organizme. Būtent prostatos biopsija leidžia patologui nustatyti tikslią diagnozę prieš operaciją. Imunohistocheminis tyrimas padeda atlikti diferencinę diagnostiką. Po operacijos tiriant pašalintus audinius, diagnozė patikslinama histomorfologiškai, naudojant imunohistocheminius tyrimus, net jei ir labai retai nustatoma prostatos urotelio karcinoma. Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, urotelio karcinoma, prostatos urotelio karcinoma, prostatos biopsija Prostate urothelial carcinoma diagnosed on prostatic needle biopsy. Case report with literature overview Algimantas Sruogis1, Ugnius Mickys2, Tadas Petraitis1, Edita Kaubrienė3, Feliksas Jankevičius11 Vilnius University Institute of Oncology,Urology Department,Santariškių str. 1,LT-08661 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: sruogis@loc.lt2 Lithuanian National Centre of Pathology3 Vilnius University Institute of Oncology,Radiology Department Objective To establish criteria for the diagnosis of primary urothelial prostate carcinoma after the differential diagnosis including high-grade urothelial carcinoma extending into the bladder neck and prostate versus poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma extending into the bladder. Case report The patient was a 37-year-old man with severe prostatism symptoms, who presented with an atypical seminal vesicles fluid cytological test result. The prostate was also normal by the digital examination, endoscopy, roentgenography, ultrasonography and serum markers. A diagnostic transurethral resection of bladder mucosa, bladder neck specimen revealed normal urothelial tissues. The urine cytological test result was negative. The transrectal biopsy of the prostate revealed an urothelial carcinoma with a negative staining of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and positive of cytokeratins CK 8 and CK HMW. The patient subsequently underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with ileal conduit m. Brycker creation. The histological diagnosis was the urothelial carcinoma of the prostate. Also, the prostate showed foci of High Grade PIN and prostate adenocarcinoma. After 15 months the patient has a PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL, no symptoms, no evidence of progression. Based on this case of the urothelial carcinoma of prostate, the literature was reviewed and the morphological differentiation between urothelial carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate was discussed. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria are the following: (1) the tumor should be a macro-, microscopically and imunohistochemically verified as urothelial carcinoma localized exclusively in the prostate gland; (2) there must be no other primary urothelial carcinoma in the body. These criteria can be readily applied when evaluating surgical resection specimens. With the use of radiologically guided or endoscopically derived biopsies, however, the pathologist is increasingly called upon to make a diagnosis before definitive surgical resection. In these circumstances, the pathologist will often resort to immunostains to help refine the differential diagnosis. Moreover, even when surgical resection specimens are evaluated, immunostains are still used in conjunction with histomorphology to confirm the diagnosis, particularly when a rare entity such as primary urothelial prostate carcinoma is encountered. Keywords: prostate cancer, urothelial carcinoma, prostate urothelial carcinoma, prostatic needle biopsy

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14

Karia, Kunjal Mukesh, and Mrinal Kishor Mallya. "Clinicopathological correlation of p53 expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma." Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpo.2022.015.

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Prostate adenocarcinoma is the 6 most common carcinoma in men worldwide. It is usually a cancer of the elderly age group. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of urinary incontinence and urine flow symptoms, usually seen in the middle along with elderly age group. In this study we have evaluated the expression of p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in prostate adenocarcinoma with benign prostatic hyperplasia along with its diagnostic, treatment and prognostic implications.: 1. Assessment of clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma. 2. To assess p53(IHC) expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma : The study population comprised of a subset of patients who came to Ramaiah hospital, Bangalore from May 2018 till June 2019, for treatment regarding prostate related symptoms. The clinicodemographic data was collected and prostate biopsies were taken for which histopathological assessment was done. A total of 60 cases comprising of 30 cases of BPH and 30 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma was subjected to p53 immunohistochemistry. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed for significance.The present prospective study was conducted on 60 patients with 30 cases (50%) of BPH and 30 cases (50%) of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Based on the tumor differentiation there was 1 case (3.3%) of well differentiated carcinoma, 18 cases(60%) of moderately differentiated carcinoma and 11cases (36.6%) of poorly differentiated carcinomas. We observed an inverse relationship between p53 expression and histological grade. All poorly differentiated carcinoma had higher p53(>50% expression). There was statistically significant difference in expression of p53 between cases of BPH and carcinoma prostate, indicated by P value of <0.05. Among prostate carcinomas p53 had higher expression on those cases with Gleason score 9 and 10.: P53 expression directly correlates with Gleason score, while inversely correlating with tumor differentiation of prostate carcinoma cases. The expression of p53 is low in BPH as compared to that of prostate cancers. Hence it can be used as a good diagnostic and prognostic marker in prostate carcinoma.

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Shilo, Konstantin, Tatiana Dracheva, Haresh Mani, Junya Fukuoka, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Wei-Sing Chu, Joanna H. Shih, Jin Jen, William D. Travis, and Teri J. Franks. "α-Methylacyl CoA Racemase in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Neuroendocrine Tumors: Expression and Survival Analysis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1555-mcripa.

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Abstract Context.—α-Methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) is an oxidative enzyme involved in isomeric transformation of fatty acids entering the beta-oxidation pathway. AMACR serves as a useful marker in establishing a diagnosis of prostatic malignancy; however, limited information is available in regard to its presence in pulmonary neoplasms. Objective.—To investigate AMACR expression within a spectrum of lung carcinomas and its correlation with patients' survival. Design.—Four hundred seventy-seven pulmonary carcinomas, including 150 squamous cell carcinomas, 150 adenocarcinomas, 46 typical carcinoids, 31 atypical carcinoids, 28 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 72 small cell carcinomas, were studied immunohistochemically using tissue microarray–based samples. Results.—Overall, pulmonary tumors were positive for AMACR in a significant percentage (47%) of cases. Among tumor types, 22% of squamous cell carcinoma, 56% of adenocarcinoma, 72% of typical carcinoid, 52% of atypical carcinoid, 70% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 51% of small cell lung carcinoma were positive for AMACR. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with AMACR-positive small cell carcinoma had better survival (19% vs 5% after 5 years, P = .04) than patients with AMACR-negative tumors. Such survival advantage was seen for patients with stage I–II (P = .01) but not stage III–IV small cell carcinomas (P = .58). Conclusions.—These results indicate that, similar to prostate cancer, the overexpression of AMACR frequently occurs in pulmonary carcinomas. Additionally, its positive correlation with outcome of stage I–II small cell lung carcinoma warrants further investigation of the AMACR role in the prognosis of this tumor.

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Spirovski, M., M. A. Lucic, K. M. Koprivek, D. Kozic, N. M. Prvulovic, M. M. Popov, and D. Jovanovic. "Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 56, no. 4 (2009): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0904183s.

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Purpose: To estimate the diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and threedimensional multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate carcinoma. Materials and methods: 36 patients suspected to have prostate carcinoma underwent MRI with dynamic contrast enhanced study and MRS at 1.5T MRI unit using a pelvic phased array coil. MRI and MRS results were correlated with pathohystological findings after radical prostatectomy and standard biopsy with 12 or 24 cores or guided biopsy. Results: Out of 44 detected prostate carcinomas, 38 (86.36%) demonstrated low T2W signal intensity while pathognomonic contrast enhancement has been detected in 40 (91%) carcinomas. MRS showed (Cho+Cr)/Ci ratio mean value of 3.52 in carcinoma, and 0.14 in normal prostatic tissue (p<0,01). Conclusion: MR techniques, both nonenhanced and contrast enhanced when combined with MRS can provide reliable diagnostic results in the evaluation of prostate carcinoma even by use of pelvic phased array coil at 1.5T unit.

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Maza Muret, F. R., A. Benítez Velasco, F. J. Hidalgo Ramos, L. M. Mena Bares, Luigi Petruzzelli, and J. M. Latre Romero. "Estudio PET-FDG: falso positivo para metástasis linfática en paciente diagnósticado de carcinoma de prostata." Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear 29, no. 3 (May 2010): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.remn.2010.01.003.

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He, Lin, Christopher Metter, Vitaly Margulis, and Payal Kapur. "A Review Leveraging a Rare and Unusual Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate." Case Reports in Pathology 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520581.

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare nonacinar variant of prostatic carcinoma. In spite of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma being one of the most common carcinomas in prostate, <100 prostatic BCC cases have been reported to date. Adenoid cystic/cribriform histology has been described in varying proportions to occur in prostatic BCC and is reported to be associated with aggressive behavior and high risk of metastasis. Herein, we present a case of prostatic BCC with adenoid cystic morphology, comprehensively describe its immunohistochemical and MYB/MYBL1 gene rearrangement findings, discuss its differential diagnosis, and review the literature of this rare entity.

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Gan, Qiong, Cicily T. Joseph, Ming Guo, Miao Zhang, Xiaoping Sun, and Yun Gong. "Utility of NKX3.1 Immunostaining in the Detection of Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma on Fine-Needle Aspiration Smears." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, no. 4 (June 8, 2019): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz063.

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Abstract Objectives NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1) has been increasingly used to diagnose metastatic prostatic carcinoma in histologic samples. However, its utility and reliability in cytologic direct smears have not been studied. Methods A total of 59 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases with a definitive diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the prostate were included. The cases were grouped based on different Gleason score in their corresponding primary tumors and morphologic variants. For each case, tumor cells were immunostained with NKX3.1, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) on cell-transferred smears. Results NKX3.1 was strongly and diffusely positive in all 40 metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas, including those with ductal features, but negative for the 19 small cell carcinoma (SmCC) cases. NKX3.1 had a better detection rate than PSA (13/50, 26%) and PAP (0/47, 0%). Conclusions NKX3.1 immunostaining on FNA smears is highly reliable for detecting metastatic prostatic carcinomas of conventional and ductal types but not for SmCC.

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Tacha, David, Ryan Bremer, Thomas Haas, and Weiman Qi. "An Immunohistochemical Analysis of a Newly Developed, Mouse Monoclonal p40 (BC28) Antibody in Lung, Bladder, Skin, Breast, Prostate, and Head and Neck Cancers." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 10 (February 14, 2014): 1358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0342-oa.

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Context.—Immunohistochemistry is important to the pathologist for accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. In recent studies, a rabbit polyclonal p40 (RPp40) antibody demonstrated equivalent staining versus anti-p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and superior specificity because it stains a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma. Objectives.—To develop an anti-p40 mouse monoclonal antibody (MMp40) for immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity in normal and neoplastic tissues, with emphasis on lung cancer. Design.—The MMp40 (BC28) antibody was developed and tested for specificity and sensitivity on normal (n = 34) and neoplastic tissues (n = 493). Staining of MMp40, p63, and RPp40 were directly compared in lung cancers, and MMp40 was evaluated in breast, bladder, skin, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Benign prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were also tested in a direct comparison of MMp40 versus p63. Results.—The MMp40 provided equivalent staining versus RPp40 and p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, but stained a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma than p63 did. The MMp40 staining was observed in a greater percentage of urothelial carcinomas, squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and head and neck cancers of squamous cell origin. No breast-infiltrating ductal carcinomas or prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained. The MMp40 expression in basal cells of prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were almost identical to those of p63. Conclusion.—The MMp40 (BC28) monoclonal antibody is a high-quality screening antibody for determining squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancers, skin cancers of squamous or basal cell origin, squamous cell head and neck cancers, and urothelial carcinomas.

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Ahlgren, L., B. Lilja, S. Mattsson, and Gunilla Sundkvist. "Quantitative Bone Scintigraphy and 24-Hour Whole-Body Counting of 99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate in Patients with Prostatic Carcinoma." Nuklearmedizin 31, no. 05 (1992): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629619.

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Zusammenfassung34 Patienten mit Prostata-Karzinom wurden vor bzw. zwei Wochen und zwei Monate nach einer Orchiektomie mit der quantifizierenden Skelettszintigraphie und der Bestimmung der Ganzkörper-Retention (GKR) eine und 24 h nach der Injektion von 99mTc-MDP untersucht. 13 Patienten waren bei allen drei Untersuchungen unauffällig; 21 Patienten mit Skelettmetastasen hatten bei den Verlaufsuntersuchungen sowohl höhere lokale Uptake-Werte (Gammakamera) als auch GKR-Werte. Letztere zeigten das »Aufflacker-Phänomen«, wobei ein Anstieg der regionalen Zählrate zwei Wochen nach der Orchiektomie erfolgte, der sich zwei Monate später wieder zurückbildete. Dieser Befund, interpretiert als Antwort auf die Therapie, war allerdings nur mittels der quantifizierenden Skelettszintigraphie, nicht jedoch mit der Ganzkörpermessung faßbar. Trotzdem erwies sich die Ganzkörpermessung als wertvolle Methode zur Erfassung der Gesamtausdehnung der Skelettmetastasen. In der Interpretation individueller Skelettmetastasen war die quantifizierende Skelettszintigraphie präziser.

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Mneimneh, Wadad S., Konstantinos Linos, Paras Shah, Timothy A. Jennings, Hugh Fisher, and Tipu Nazeer. "Micropapillary Carcinoma: New Variant of Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0359-cr.

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A micropapillary variant of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma has not been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of a 50-year-old patient who presented with an elevated prostate-specific antigen concentration and was subsequently diagnosed with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Radical prostatectomy specimen revealed prostatic carcinoma with Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9/10, with micropapillary component constituting 80% of tumor volume. Immunohistochemical studies of the prostate carcinoma showed a homogeneously positive prostate-specific antigen and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, and p63 protein cocktail pattern of staining in both micropapillary and conventional components. Pelvic lymph nodes were negative for metastatic disease. In contrast to the aggressive behavior of micropapillary carcinomas of other organs, the disease in our patient has thus far followed a more benign course, with low stage on presentation and a 2-year follow-up free of disease. However, prognostic correlation should be established on large series in order to assign this variant to a grade category within the Gleason scheme.

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Smith, D. C., J. A. Tucker, and D. L. Trump. "Hypercalcemia and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a report of three cases and a review of the literature." Journal of Clinical Oncology 10, no. 3 (March 1992): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1992.10.3.499.

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PURPOSE Hypercalcemia is a rare complication of prostate cancer, and no definite association with any histologic subtype of prostatic malignancy has been documented. We have recently seen three patients who developed hypercalcemia in the setting of prostate cancer. All had neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (NCPs), which prompted an exploration of the potential association of hypercalcemia with NCP. DESIGN An extensive review of literature published in the English-language was conducted to identify cases of hypercalcemia associated with prostate cancer and well-documented cases of NCP. RESULTS We found 17 reported cases of hypercalcemia clearly associated with prostate cancer and a total of 61 cases of well-documented NCP. Including our cases, 11 of the 20 reported cases of hypercalcemia associated with prostate carcinoma were in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas. CONCLUSION Hypercalcemia in the setting of prostate cancer should prompt a search for unusual histologies.

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Murali, Rajmohan, Kenneth Kneale, Nestor Lalak, and Warick Delprado. "Carcinoid Tumors of the Urinary Tract and Prostate." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-1693-ctotut.

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Abstract Context.—Carcinoid tumors are exceedingly rare in the genitourinary tract and may occur in the kidney, urinary bladder, urethra, or prostate. Objective.—To review the clinical and pathologic features of carcinoid tumors occurring in the urinary tract and prostate. Data Sources.—We searched the English language literature using MEDLINE and Ovid. Conclusions.—Carcinoid tumors of the urinary tract and prostate share similar morphologic features with their counterparts in other organs. The differential diagnosis includes metastatic carcinoid tumor, paraganglioma, and nested variants of urothelial and prostatic carcinomas. Correlation of the clinical presentation and histopathologic features (including the immunohistochemical profile) will ensure accurate diagnosis of these rare tumors.

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Faleiro, Mariana Batista Rodrigues, Danilo Rezende e. Silva, Rafael Malagoli Rocha, and Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de Moura. "Immunoexpression of cell cycle regulators in canine prostate with proliferative lesions." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1831.

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Immunostaining of p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1, c-myc was evaluated in normal canine prostate and prostate with proliferative disorders to verify the interaction between these regulators of cell cycle progression. From 106 samples of canine prostate obtained from a TMA block, 15 were considered normal, 16 diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 30 as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), 20 as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and 25 as prostatic carcinoma (PC). There was positive correlation between p21 and p27 for number of stained cells and staining intensity in all conditions and between c-myc and p53 in prostates with PIN. Considering the number of labeled cells, there was positive correlation between p21 and p53 in the normal prostate. Relative to the intensity of staining, there was positive correlation between p21 and p53 in prostate tissue with PIN and between p27 and c-myc in prostates with PIA. A negative correlation between c-myc and cyclin D1 was also identified in the glands with PIN, considering the number of labeled cells, and between p27 and c-myc in the prostates with PC for staining intensity. In conclusion, the expression of p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1 and c-myc varies according to type of proliferative lesion in canine prostate. Taken together, the results indicate low growth potential of the canine PC in the presence of p21 and p27 overexpression, cyclin D1 low expression and regular expression of c-myc, even with the expression of p53 mutant type. Further, it was possible reaffirm the premalignant potential of PIA and PIN in canine prostate.

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Agarwal, Sonia, Atul Tiwari, and Mohan Lal Yadav. "Evaluation of p63 Immunohistochemical Stain as First Line Marker in Differentiating Urothelial Carcinomas from Adenocarcinomas of Prostate." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 05 (February 1, 2021): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/48.

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BACKGROUND Differentiating prostate carcinoma (PCa) arising in the neck of urinary bladder from high grade urothelial cancer (UCa) with prostatic extension can be a difficult task for histopathologist due to similar morphologic characteristics and overlapping clinical manifestations in the two diseases. These two tumours often occur in association with one another but have different potential therapeutic strategies and prognostic implications. We have investigated p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker as simple first line marker adjuvant to histopathological examination. METHODS In this prospective study, total 50 cases including 25 cases of urothelial carcinoma and 25 cases of prostatic carcinoma were taken. Tumour grade was determined according to standard H&E staining and scoring system. p63 expressions were determined by immunohistochemical staining of all the cases. The obtained results were analysed and evaluated using chi-square statistical test to determine whether p63 IHC can be used as simple first line marker tool with a high sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS p63 was not expressed in any of the 25 cases of prostatic carcinoma cases while in urothelial carcinoma it was expressed in 23 of 25 (92 %) cases. p63 IHC staining expression is positive in all histological grades of urothelial carcinomas. 2 out of 25 cases of urothelial carcinomas were negative for p63 IHC expression. None of the prostatic adenocarcinomas expressed p63 staining. Sensitivity of p63 stain in differentiating UCa with PCa was 92 % in our study, specificity of p63 stain in differentiating UCa with PCa was found to be 100 %. CONCLUSIONS p63 can be used as a screening first line IHC marker to distinguish urothelial carcinomas from prostatic adenocarcinomas. For challenging and unresolved cases both of these have limited sensitivity; thus, authors recommend two lineagespecific markers one each for UCa (GATA3, S100P) and PCa (NKX3.1, P501S, PSMA) should be used for definitive diagnosis. KEYWORDS p63 Immunohistochemistry, Urothelial Carcinoma, Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

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Bloch, M., R. Simon, P. Schraml, T. C. Gasser, M. J. Mihatsch, and L. Bubendorf. "Anti-KCNMA1 siRNA: effect on growth rate and phenotype of the prostata carcinoma cell line PC-3." Pathology - Research and Practice 200, no. 4 (January 2004): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0344-0338(04)80471-0.

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Tonini, G., R. Rosini, A. Teppa, V. Aulenti, F. Kalantary, M. Tosana, D. Bianchi, and F. Zorzi. "Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate: case report." Urologia Journal 75, no. 4 (October 2008): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030807500409.

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Although most prostate carcinomas belong to the conventional acinar type, unusual variants have been reported. The adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor with distinctive histopathologic features. There are quite few publications in the literature concerning the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this neoplasm. Methods. A 71-year-old man had an increased PSA value (5.11 ng/dL); the prostatic biopsy examination was positive for adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma. For this reason we proceeded with radical prostatectomy. The histology examination showed an acinar conventional carcinoma and adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma. At eight months the patient did not show any recurrence. Conclusions. Various histologic and immunohistochemical features are helpful in recognizing the adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate. Clinically, the only difference from a conventional adenocarcinoma is that the PSA value is usually normal or only slightly increased. This tumor has a biological potential that can result in metastases in some cases; the current treatment consists primarily in the surgical resection. A close, long-term follow-up is strongly recommended.

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Gole, Gautam N., Sheetal G. Gole, and Dilutpal Sharma. "Efficacy of Prostate Specific Antigen as a Tumor Marker in Differentiating Prostatic Carcinoma from Other Prostatic Lesions." New Indian Journal of Surgery 9, no. 1 (2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.9118.2.

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Culp, William T. N., Eric G. Johnson, Michelle A. Giuffrida, Carrie A. Palm, Katherine A. Skorupski, Jenna H. Burton, Robert B. Rebhun, et al. "Procedural description and prospective evaluation of short-term outcome for the use of prostatic artery embolization in dogs with carcinoma of the prostate." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 259, no. 10 (November 15, 2021): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.20.06.0324.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the procedure of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate the short-term outcome for treated dogs. ANIMALS 20 client-owned dogs with prostatic carcinomas between May 2014 and July 2017. PROCEDURES In this prospective cohort study, dogs with carcinoma of the prostate underwent PAE with fluoroscopic guidance. Before and after PAE, dogs underwent CT and ultrasonographic examinations of the prostate, and each owner completed a questionnaire about the dog's clinical signs. Results for before versus after PAE were compared. RESULTS Prostatic artery embolization was successfully performed in all 20 dogs. Tenesmus, stranguria, and lethargy were significantly less common 30 days after PAE (n = 2, 1, and 0 dogs, respectively), compared with before PAE (9, 10, and 6 dogs, respectively). Median prostatic volume was significantly less 30 days after PAE (14.8 cm3; range, 0.4 to 48.1 cm3; interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 6.7 to 19.5 cm3), compared with before PAE (21.7 cm3; range, 2.9 to 77.7 cm3; interquartile range, 11.0 to 35.1 cm3). All dogs had a reduction in prostatic volume after PAE, with a median prostatic volume loss of 39.4% (95% CI, 20.3% to 59.3%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prostatic artery embolization was associated with decreased prostate volume and improved clinical signs in this cohort. The short-term response to PAE appears promising, and evaluation of the long-term impact on survival time is needed.

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Mai, Kien T., Denise C. Landry, and John P. Collins. "Secondary Colonic Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Histologically Mimicking Prostatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Tumori Journal 88, no. 4 (July 2002): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160208800418.

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Purpose To study the clinical presentation and pathological features of secondary colonic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Materials and methods Six cases of colonic adenocarcinoma extending into the prostate were retrieved from the surgical pathology and autopsy files of the period 1985-1999. Immunostaining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was carried out in all cases. Clinical charts were also reviewed. Results Secondary colonic carcinoma spread into the prostatic stroma and along the prostatic ducts. In all four surgical cases, patients with a known history of rectal carcinoma presented with symptoms of urinary obstruction after 12 to 36 months of being free of recurrent or metastatic disease. In three surgical cases the secondary carcinoma involved the prostatic urethra in a form mimicking endometriod carcinoma, which led to an incorrect diagnosis of prostatic endometrioid carcinoma in one case. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to CK20 and CEA and not reactive to CK7, PAP and PSA. Conclusions Colonic carcinoma involving the prostate may mimic prostatic duct carcinoma due to the ductal and urethral involvement. Using a panel of immunostaining and clinical history is helpful in the differential diagnosis.

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Shah, Rajal B., Min W. Lee, Alvaro A. Giraldo, and Mahul B. Amin. "Histologic and Histochemical Characterization of Seminal Vesicle Intraluminal Secretions." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0141-hahcos.

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Abstract Context.—We have observed intraluminal crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicles that is superficially similar to that seen in prostate neoplasia, but found little information on such morphology in the literature. Design.—Two hundred fifty-three prostate specimens (163 needle biopsies, 75 radical prostatectomies with prostate carcinoma, 11 prostates from autopsy, and 4 cystoprostatectomies without prostate carcinoma) were examined for seminal vesicle secretions, which were categorized as (a) dense platelike inspissated, (b) fluidlike, (c) crystalloid morphology, and (d) absent. Histochemical stains (periodic acid–Schiff with and without diastase, Alcian blue at pH 2.5, and mucicarmine) were performed to characterize the nature of secretions. Results.—Proteinaceous secretions were identified in 82% of seminal vesicles examined. Of these, 61% had predominantly dense, platelike, inspissated secretions, 15% had predominantly fluidlike secretions, and 24% had predominantly crystalloid morphology. Although in some cases the crystalloid morphology resembled that of prostatic intraluminal crystalloids, the seminal vesicle crystalloids differed in that they were invariably multiple, had curved edges, and had varied forms (elliptical, cylindrical, rodlike, and rectangular). Seventy-one percent of seminal vesicle crystalloids were associated with dense, platelike, inspissated secretions and appeared to be created by fracturing within platelike secretions. There was no relationship between seminal vesicle crystalloid morphology and associated malignancy in the prostate gland, as it was seen in 24% of cases with prostate carcinoma and 25% of cases without prostate carcinoma (P = 1.0000). Fluidlike secretions were positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine, whereas dense platelike secretions and crystalloid morphology were negative for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine. Conclusions.—Seminal vesicle secretions are fairly common and, when fluidlike, are composed of acid mucopolysaccharides. Inspissation of secretions appears to be associated with loss of acidity, presumably resulting in dense platelike secretions and crystallization. Awareness of both the crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicle tissue and the distinguishing features from prostatic crystalloids may be important while interpreting prostate needle biopsies in which seminal vesicle epithelium may be confused for prostate carcinoma because of a small acinar morphology with accompanying cytologic atypia and crystalloid morphology.

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Fortunati, Nicoletta, Francesco Felicetti, Emanuela Arvat, and Enrico Brignardello. "Profilo metabolico e rischio cardiovascolare in pazienti sottoposti a terapia ormonale per carcinoma della mammella o della prostata." L'Endocrinologo 21, no. 4 (August 2020): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-020-00766-4.

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Negulescu, Mădălina-Cristina, Mihaela Mihai, and Iulia Gramaticu. "Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate – a Case Report." Journal of Medical and Radiation Oncology 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53011/jmro.2022.02.06.

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"Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare. Most of them arise from the lung, and only 9% are found in extrapulmonary sites. In the prostate, neuroendocrine cells are more commonly present compared to other organs of the genitourinary tract. We present the case of a 67-year-old male patient who was investigated for constipation, loss of appetite and pelvic-perineal pain; a large prostatic mass was discovered upon further investigation. After a thorough work-up and multidisciplinary approach, the patient was diagnosed with de novo small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases. He underwent five cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide before we evaluated the therapeutic response by CT scan, which showed partial response according to RECIST v 1.1. Due to significant nephrotoxicity, the treatment was discontinued after the 6th cycle and a follow-up after three months was recommended. The rarity of this case made the diagnosis process challenging, but an accurate diagnosis was possible with the multidisciplinary team`s involvement. The treatment was initiated according to the international guidelines concerning extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas/ large or small cell carcinomas. Although the evaluation showed partial response, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. "

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Billis, Athanase, and Luis A. Magna. "Prostate Elastosis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1306-pe.

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Abstract Background.—Elastosis of the prostate may be seen on needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens, but its significance is unknown. Prostatic atrophy (or postatrophic hyperplasia) is one of the most frequent mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Objective.—To observe the frequent occurrence of elastosis of the prostate stroma in areas of postatrophic hyperplasia. Design.—A step-section method was used to cut the posterior lobe (or peripheral zone) in coronal planes at intervals of 0.3 to 0.5 cm in 100 consecutive autopsy specimens of men older than 40 years. Elastosis was detected because of a basophilic tinge of the stroma on hematoxylin-eosin stain and confirmed using elastic fiber stains. Presence of elastosis correlated with the following variables: age, prostatic atrophy (simple, hyperplastic, or sclerotic), local arteriosclerosis, histologic carcinoma, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign or malignant nephrosclerosis, generalized atherosclerosis, nodular prostatic hyperplasia, and acute inflammation. For statistics, a stepwise linear regression method adjusted for age was used. Results and Conclusions.—Elastosis was found in 65 of the prostates examined and was significantly more frequent with increasing age (P < .001), prostatic atrophy (P < .001), and local arteriosclerosis (P < .02). There was no significant relation to histologic carcinoma, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign or malignant nephrosclerosis, generalized atherosclerosis, nodular prostatic hyperplasia, and acute inflammation. The correlation with local arteriosclerosis favors a possible role of ischemia to its etiopathogenesis. The absence of correlation to neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions and the striking spatial relationship of elastosis to prostatic atrophy (or postatrophic hyperplasia) add a new microscopic feature for the diagnosis of this latter lesion, helping in the differential diagnosis with prostate adenocarcinoma.

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Erasmus, Corrie E., Wim I. M. Verhagen, Carla A. P. Wauters, and Erik J. van Lindert. "Brain Metastasis from Prostate Small Cell Carcinoma: Not to be Neglected." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 29, no. 4 (November 2002): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002250.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Symptomatic brain metastases from prostatic carcinoma are rare (0.05% to 0.5%).Case report:A 70-year-old man presented with a homonymous hemianopsia due to brain metastatic prostatic carcinoma shortly before becoming symptomatic of prostatic disease. CT and MRI of the brain showed a tumour deep in the right hemisphere near the thalamus and involving the optic radiation.Results:Routine haematological and biochemical tests were normal. The prostate specific antigen level was low on two separate occasions. The prostatic and brain tumours showed identical appearances, namely of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (small cell carcinoma).Conclusion:A literature review suggests that small cell carcinoma of the prostate is more likely to spread to the brain compared to adenocarcinoma and that brain metastases indicate a poor prognosis. The prostate gland should be remembered as a possible cause of brain metastases and that a normal serum prostate specific antigen does not exclude this diagnosis.

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Abdullah, Weam Hamzah, Hadeel Abdulelah Kerbel, and Rafid Fakhir Al Husseini. "APPLYING GATA3 IN DIFFERENTIATING UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA FROM PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28232.

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Objectives: Urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma are the most common tumors of genitourinary system. Both tumors can demonstrate a broad morphology or present as poorly differentiated carcinoma occurring in urinary bladder or prostate or both organs that raise the suspicion of a locally extending or metastatic carcinoma from either organs. Accurate distinction between these tumors is mandatory because of different tumor biology and therapeutic protocols. In equivocal tumor morphology, the primary option is to use immunohistochemical panel in surgical pathology that includes differentiation markers that will assist pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis. The aim of this study is immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA3 in urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma with correlation to different clinicopathological parameters.Methods: We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 51 patients of urothelial carcinoma and 15 patients of prostatic adenocarcinoma including different grades, stages, and types. Monoclonal antibody for GATA3 was used for immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, and GATA3 expression was semi-quantitatively scored using H-score method.Results: Of 51 urothelial carcinomas, 96% were GATA3 positive with a mean H-score = 212. No correlation between GATA3 expression and clinicopathological parameters includes grade and stage. Lower GATA3 expression was noted in urothelial carcinoma variants. All of prostatic adenocarcinoma cases did not show GATA3 reactivity.Conclusion: GATA3 reactivity is a reliable factor to confirm diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma and exclude prostatic adenocarcinoma. The routine use of GATA3 as differentiation marker for urothelial carcinoma may be advocated based on the results of this study.

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Song, Liankun, Vyvyan Nguyen, Shan Xu, Jana Yamak, Kia Arabzadehkaffash, Ali Fazelpour, Merci Mino, Matthew Tippin, Shuang Meng, and Xiaolin Zi. "Abstract 1: Transcriptional profiling of prostatic Skp2 knock-in mouse model and development of the associated prostate organoids for testing Skp2 targeting agents." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1.

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Abstract S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a promising drug target as studies have demonstrated that Skp2 is required for spontaneous tumor development that occurs in the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), Pten, or p53 deficient mice. We, therefore, aim to establish CRISPR human Skp2 (hSkp2) knock-in in the prostates of mice to study the molecular profiling features in prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate weights increased in transgenic mice and overexpression of hSkp2 induced prostatic lesions including hyperplasia, mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), and carcinoma, which suggested the initial role of hSkp2 in early prostate carcinogenesis. RNAseq results revealed Myl3 and Ctgf as the top down-expressed and up-expressed genes respectively in hSkp2 mice prostates. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated the significant upregulations of ribosome and proteasome pathways which had similar alterations in the human prostate cancer dataset with Skp2 overexpression, suggesting the potential role of ribosome biogenesis in prostate tumorigenesis and for drug development. In addition, Skp2 organoids derived from transgenic mice prostates were being developed for convenient and efficient screening of specific Skp2 inhibitors. Flavokawain A (FKA) and Skp2 inhibitor C1 both selectively decreased the viability and altered the morphologies of hSkp2 organoids, meanwhile FKA exhibited less toxicity on wild-type organoids. Citation Format: Liankun Song, Vyvyan Nguyen, Shan Xu, Jana Yamak, Kia Arabzadehkaffash, Ali Fazelpour, Merci Mino, Matthew Tippin, Shuang Meng, Xiaolin Zi. Transcriptional profiling of prostatic Skp2 knock-in mouse model and development of the associated prostate organoids for testing Skp2 targeting agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1.

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Nadeem, Saima, Naumana Rehman, Mahum Farooq, Sunia Arif, Safia Rahman, and Zakia Rahman. "Histopathological Findings in Prostatic Chips and its Correlation with Prostate Specific Antigen Levels." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221612413.

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Objectives: To determine the pattern of histological findings in prostatic chips obtained from cases of enlarged prostate gland and to correlate the findings with PSA levels. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Northwest General Hospital , Peshawar from 1st January 2018 to 23rd December 2021. A total of 500 male cases with features of enlarged prostate, frequency, urgency and dribbling with mean age of 52 ± 12.3 years (range 45 -80 years) were included in the study. The prostatic biopsy specimens were obtained and PSA levels were done in all cases. The histological specimens were subjected to microscopic examinations and findings were recorded in proforma. The findings were correlated with the PSA levels. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data Results: Out of 500 cases of enlarged prostate, benign prostate hypertrophy was seen in 375 (75%) cases. 125 cases (25%) had micro invasive carcinoma prostate . All 375 cases of benign prostate hypertrophy had prostate specific antigen levels less than 4ng. Out of 125 cases of micro invasive carcinoma, 120 (96%) had PSA levels >10ng . Sensitivity of PSA at levels of 10ng/ml for prostatic carcinoma was 96%. Conclusion: Benign prostate hypertrophy is the commonest lesion in cases of prostate pathology. PSA is useful marker to determine the presence or absence of micro invasive carcinoma in patients with prostate hypertrophy. Keywords: Benign prostate hypertrophy, micro invasive carcinoma prostate, prostate specific antigen.

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Li, Rongshan, Jorge L. Yao, Patricia A. Bourne, P. Anthony di Sant'Agnese, and Jiaoti Huang. "Frequent Expression of Human Carcinoma-Associated Antigen, a Mucin-Type Glycoprotein, in Cells of Prostatic Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1412-feohca.

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Abstract Context.—Human carcinoma-associated antigen (HCA) is a mucin glycoprotein recognized by antibodies raised against epiglycanin, the latter having been originally purified from mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Human carcinoma-associated antigen expression is increased in sera of patients with various carcinomas, including prostatic carcinoma. However, to our knowledge, expression of HCA in benign and neoplastic prostatic tissue has not been studied. Objective.—To compare the expression of HCA in cells of primary and metastatic prostatic carcinomas with its expression in non–carcinoma-associated cells. Design.—We studied 40 cases of primary and 36 cases of metastatic prostatic carcinomas by immunohistochemical staining with anti-HCA monoclonal antibodies G1 and HAE3. The blocks from primary carcinomas also contained normal prostatic tissue (40 cases), benign prostatic hyperplasia (16 cases), and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (32 cases). Results.—The 2 antibodies stained carcinomas more frequently than normal prostatic tissue, hyperplasia, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P < .001). The differences in the staining of low-grade versus high-grade tumors was not statistically significant with either antibody. The staining was present in the cytoplasm and on the luminal membrane surface of the tumor cells and in the luminal secretions. In metastatic prostatic carcinomas, G1 and HAE3 staining was positive in 44% and 67% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions.—Our results showed that mucin protein HCA is overexpressed in cells of prostatic carcinoma, which may have value in diagnosis and therapy. Its role in carcinogenesis also merits further study.

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Bongiovanni, Laura, Francesca Caposano, Mariarita Romanucci, Valeria Grieco, Daniela Malatesta, Chiara Brachelente, Marcella Massimini, Cinzia Benazzi, Rachel E. Thomas, and Leonardo Della Salda. "Survivin and Sox9: Potential Stem Cell Markers in Canine Normal, Hyperplastic, and Neoplastic Canine Prostate." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985818794161.

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Canine prostatic carcinoma is a relevant model for human prostatic carcinoma. Survivin is proposed as a biomarker of malignancy in human prostatic cancer. Sox9 is a stem cell marker required for prostate development and expressed in several adult tissues. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the patterns and expression levels of 2 putative stem cell markers, survivin and Sox9, in canine benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma to investigate their potential as stem cell markers. Immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies was performed on 3 samples of normal prostate gland, 18 samples of canine BPH, and 16 samples of prostatic carcinoma. The basal cell layer of normal and hyperplastic prostatic lobules had nuclear Sox9 immunolabeling and nuclear and rarely cytoplasmic survivin immunostaining, identifying them as potential stem cell markers. Significantly more frequent survivin and Sox9 expression (≥10% of nuclei) was observed in prostatic carcinoma as compared with BPH. The potential coexpression of survivin with Sox9, androgen receptor, and p63 was also investigated in selected BPH and prostatic carcinoma cases with immunofluorescence, and a partial colocalization was observed. Results indicate that Sox9 and survivin could be considered markers of stemness in canine prostate cells. Given its role in proliferation, cells in the basal cell layer with nuclear survivin expression are likely to be transit-amplifying cells that maintain some stem cell proprieties.

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Krušlin, Božo, Lucija Škara, Tonći Vodopić, Borna Vrhovec, Jure Murgić, Goran Štimac, Ana Fröbe, Cvjetko Lež, Monika Ulamec, and Koraljka Gall-Trošelj. "Genetics of Prostate Carcinoma." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.327.

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The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of some current approaches regarding diagnostics, pathologic features, treatment, and genetics of prostate carcinoma (PCa). Prostate carcinoma is the most common visceral tumor and the second most common cancer-related cause of death in males. Clinical outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer are excellent, but despite advances in prostate cancer treatments, castrate-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer patients have a poor prognosis. Advanced large-scale genomic studies revealed a large number of genetic alterations in prostate cancer. The meaning of these alterations needs to be validated in the specific prostate cancer molecular subtype context. Along these lines, there is a critical need for establishing genetically engineered mouse models, which would include speckle type BTB/POZ protein and isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP (+)) 1 mutant, as well as androgen receptor neuroendocrine subtypes of prostate cancer. Another urgent need is developing highly metastatic prostate cancer models, as only up to 17% of available models dis- play bone metastases and exhibit a less typical neuroendocrine prostate cancer or sarcomatoid carcinoma. Moreover, androgen deprivation and relapse should be mimicked in the genetically engineered mouse models, as androgen independence may yield a better model for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The development of such refined animal models should be guid- ed by comparative genomics of primary versus corresponding metastatic tumors. Such an approach will have the potential to illuminate the key genetic events associated with specific molecular prostate cancer subsets and indicate directions for effective therapy.Conclusion. Despite excellent results in the treatment of localized prostatic carcinoma, castrate-resistant prostate can- cer and metastatic prostate cancer have a poor prognosis. Advanced large-scale genomic studies revealed a large number of ge- netic alterations in PCa. Experimental models of prostate carcinoma in genetically modified mice could provide new data about the genetic changes in such cancers and help in developing better animal models for treatment resistant prostate carcinomas.

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Xiao, Guang-Qian, David E. Burstein, Lorraine K. Miller, and Pamela D. Unger. "Nephrogenic Adenoma: Immunohistochemical Evaluation for Its Etiology and Differentiation From Prostatic Adenocarcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-805-naiefi.

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Abstract Context.—Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign lesion of the urinary tract. Owing to its strong association with a history of urinary tract irritation, nephrogenic adenoma was initially thought to originate from urothelial metaplasia; however, no solid proof of this association has been found. More recent investigation has pointed to a renal tubular cause. In addition to its uncertain origin, there can be diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing nephrogenic adenoma from prostatic carcinoma, particularly when dealing with lesions from the prostatic urethra. Objective.—To elucidate a possible histogenic relationship between nephrogenic adenoma and renal tubules, and also to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic distinction between nephrogenic adenoma and prostate carcinoma. Design.—Immunohistochemical studies were performed for P504S, prostate-specific antigen, CD10, p63, and epithelial membrane antigen on 9 cases of nephrogenic adenoma, 10 cases of normal renal parenchyma, and 10 cases of prostatic tissue, both benign and malignant. Results.—Nephrogenic adenoma shares the same immunohistochemical profile as distal renal tubules: both are positive for P504S and epithelial membrane antigen and negative for p63, CD10, and prostate-specific antigen. Prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue was positive for P504S and prostate-specific antigen, and normal prostatic gland tissue was positive for prostate-specific antigen and negative for P504S; p63-stained basal cells in normal prostatic gland tissue but did not react with prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue. The CD10 inconsistently stained normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissue. Epithelial membrane antigen stain was negative in prostatic carcinoma, with rare occasional reactivity in normal prostatic glands. Conclusion.—These findings provide supporting evidence that nephrogenic adenoma is derived from distal renal tubules. Our results also demonstrated that the combination of P504S and prostate-specific antigen with epithelial membrane antigen is a valuable tool in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from nephrogenic adenoma.

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McNicol, Patricia J., and Janice G. Dodd. "Detection of papillomavirus DNA in human prostatic tissue by Southern blot analysis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-062.

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Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was detected in prostate tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatic carcinoma. Radiolabelled genomic probes, specific for the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, were used to detect viral genomic sequences in prostate DNA samples analyzed by the Southern blot technique. Viral sequences were identified in DNA from 7 of 16 prostate samples including both hyperplastic and carcinoma tissues and including tissues obtained by transurethral resection or suprapubic prostatectomy. These data indicate that the prostate gland can be infected with human papillomavirus and imply that the prostate may act as a reservoir for the sexual transmission of papillomavirus via seminal fluid. The detection of both episomal and integrated viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue may have important implications for the etiology of prostate disease. Key words: human papillomavirus, prostate, hyperplasia, carcinoma, Southern blot.

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Magers, Martin, Lakshmi Priya Kunju, and Angela Wu. "Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: Morphologic Features, Differential Diagnoses, Significance, and Reporting Practices." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0206-ra.

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The differential diagnosis for atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate has become increasingly complex and includes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypical intraductal proliferations. In this review, we summarize the morphologic and molecular features and significance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. We also summarize our institution's strategy for reporting and treatment recommendations for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.

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Ferdous, Jesmin Naz, Sabrina Razzaque, Rezaul Karim Dewan, Md Nazmul Haque, Saiyeda Sinthia Karim, Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinna, and Maleeha Hussain. "Histopathologic Pattern of Prostatic Lesions Observed in Autopsy Series." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 25, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v25i1.33953.

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Incidental autopsy findings may be important to study about the prevalence of prostatic lesions among the male population which remains undiagnosed. Histology is the unique method for diagnosis of silent prostatic disease. The present cross sectional study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the histopathological pattern of prostatic lesions such as nodular hyperplasia of prostate (NHP), the precancerous lesions and the latent cancer in autopsy series over the age of 40 years of male. A total number of 120 specimens of prostates were collected from the dead bodies on whom postmortem examination was done by the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka. All these autopsies were done for medicolegal purposes. This study confirms previous observations and concluded that nodular hyperplasia of prostate was the commonest lesion. Of the total 54 cases of NH, 27 were accompanied with transitional cell metaplasia (TCM), Squamous metaplasia, basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), inflammation, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Only 27 cases were NH. Most common pattern of inflammation associated with NHP was chronic inflammation. LGPIN was present in 8 (6.6%) cases and majority were with NH. But none of the LGPIN and metaplasias were associated with carcinoma or HGPIN. The commonest age group of presentation for NH was in fifth decade and increased with advancing age. It can be concluded that many prostatic lesions can remain silent and are diagnosed only at autopsy. Considering the HGPIN and prostate cancer to be silent, the development of screening programs to detect the latent cases of the disease is recommended.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.1, April, 2016, Page 39-45

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Wynn, San San, Satyagnani Nagabundi, Jaik Koo, and Nena W. Chin. "Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma Presenting as Omental Large Cell Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Resulting in Bowel Obstruction." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 7 (June 1, 2000): 1074–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1074-rpcpao.

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Abstract Neuroendocrine differentiation in the neoplastic prostate varies from foci of adenocarcinoma showing immunoreactivity to the pure small cell carcinoma, which correlates with poor prognosis. Widely metastatic disease in unusual sites is reported for small cell carcinoma, and rarely is the serum prostate-specific antigen level elevated. We report a case of recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma presenting as bowel obstruction due to widespread metastatic disease in the omentum and peritoneum. The histopathology of the omental metastasis was that of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, without evidence of an adenocarcinoma. The absence of a clinically evident second primary tumor, the concomitant elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level, and the positive tissue immunoreactivities to prostatic markers all supported the prostatic origin of the omental tumor. Review of the importance of prostatic neuroendocrine differentiation and its unusual metastatic patterns is presented.

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Shah, Manan B., Kalyani Raju, and Harish Kumar G. "Revisiting Prostate Biopsy with 2014 ISUP Modified Gleason Score and Gleason Grade – A Cross Section Study." Biomedical Research and Therapy 5, no. 12 (December 27, 2018): 2918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i12.511.

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Background: Prostatic carcinoma is one of the most common carcinomas among men throughout the world. Gleason score (GS) system is used in reporting and assessing the prognosis of prostatic carcinoma. The GS has undergone modifications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the new 2014 ISUP Modified Gleason System and Gleason grading (GG) on reporting of prostatic carcinoma. Methodology: This is a retrospective Study. All cases reported as adenocarcinoma prostate from January 2013 to July 2018 were included in the study. The GS done previously as per 2005 criteria was noted. The GS system and GG were done on the microslides retrieved as per 2015 criteria and compared with that of GS already recorded and also with old risk stratification. Results: Comparing the GS of 2005 and 2015 criteria, there was a marked decrease (80%) in Gleason score 6; among these cases, 80% cases were graded as score 7, and 20% cases were graded as score 8. There is also a 28.57% decrease in Gleason score 8 and 60% increase in Gleason score 9 due to the new criteria for pattern 4. The GG 1,2,3,4 and 5 constituted 3.03%, 18.18%, 15.15%, 15.15%, and 48.49% of cases respectively. Conclusion: The new GS and GG has more impact on prognosis of adenocarcinoma prostate as GS 6 has better prognosis and GG gives better risk stratification compared to the previous risk stratification.

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Cao, Mei, Panpan Qi, Chong Chen, Liju Song, Xuege Wang, Ningzhe Li, Daoyan Wu, Guoku Hu, and Jian Zhao. "A Vector-Based Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Aurora B Suppresses Human Prostatic Carcinoma Growth." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034616673534.

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Aurora kinase B, playing a vital, important role in mitosis, is frequently detected to be overexpressed in many cancer cell lines and various tumor tissues, including prostatic carcinoma. Given the essential function of Aurora kinase B in mitosis and its association with tumorigenesis, it might be a drug target for prostatic carcinoma treatment. In our study, short hairpin RNA targeting Aurora kinase B was cloned into a pGPU6 plasmid vector and then transfected into human prostatic carcinoma cells. The expression level of Aurora kinase B was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. At the same time, cell apoptosis was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, fluorescent staining, and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, prostate carcinoma cells were injected into mice to establish a tumor xenograft model. Previous studies have shown the effect of pGPU6-shAURKB plasmid on tumor growth in a prostate carcinoma xenogenic implantation model. From the study, we knew that the Aurora kinase B was significantly downregulated in prostate carcinoma cells, and cell apoptosis was also detected higher in treated groups than that in control groups. Moreover, in the prostate carcinoma xenogenic implantation model, compared with the control groups, the tumor growth was inhibited about 78.7% in the pGPU6-shAURKB plasmid–treated group, and cell apoptosis in the experimental group was notably higher than that in control groups. The average duration of tumor-bearing mice was prolonged to about 35 days. The results of experiment indicated that specific knockdown of Aurora kinase B led to prostate carcinoma cells apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Our data clearly confirmed that specific knockdown of Aurora kinase B expression by vector-based short hairpin RNA/liposome may be a potential new approach to treat human prostatic carcinoma.

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Robinson, Brian, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, and Ming Zhou. "Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0519-ra.

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Context.—Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, characterized by an expansile proliferation of secretory cells within prostatic ducts and acini that demonstrate marked architectural and cytologic atypia. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is strongly associated with high-grade and high-volume, invasive prostate cancer and a poorer prognosis than cases without IDC-P. Objective.—To review the historic perspectives, pathologic and genetic features, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses, and the clinical significance of IDC-P. Data Sources.—Relevant studies indexed in PubMed. Conclusions.—It is critical to recognize IDC-P, especially in prostate biopsies in which the clinical implications of IDC-P are greatest. Morphologic criteria have been proposed to distinguish IDC-P from several other lesions with similar histologic appearance such as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cribriform prostate cancer, and urothelial carcinoma involving the prostate. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is an uncommon finding in prostate biopsies, and it is even rarer as an isolated finding without concomitant prostate cancer in biopsies. However, patients with isolated IDC-P in biopsies are recommended for either definitive treatment or immediate repeat biopsy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carcinoma Prostata'

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