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Journal articles on the topic 'Carcinoma colorettale (Colorectal cancer)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Masi, Gianluca, and Alfredo Falcone. "Irinotecan nel Trattamento di Prima Linea del Carcinoma Colorettale Metastatico." Tumori Journal 91, no. 2 (March 2005): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160509100229.

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2

Briganti, Laura, Mauro Palazzi, and Mirna Severi. "L'adesione allo screening del tumore colorettale nell'Ausl di Cesena: metodologie di intervento." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 2 (November 2009): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2009-002012.

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- In March 2005 the Emilia Romagna region started a screening for the colorectal cancer prevention. Over a period of 2 years, all the target population of the region, between 50 and 69 years old, was asked to undergo a screening of their faeces. Within the Cesena Ausl, 36% of the target population replied to the call, against a regional average percentage estimated at 46%. As a result, a co-operation with the 4 local agencies dealing with cancers was started in Cesena Ausl. This was done in order to increase the compliance of the target population and it involved: ACISTOM, ARRT, IOR, LILT and Assiprov. This work was carried out through an analysis of the phenomenon, the organization of conferences, focus groups and other communicative activities for the population. After 2 years of work, the compliance in September 2008 was estimated to have increased up to 48% and is believed to be improving furthermore throughout the implementation of future work.Key words: screening, prevention, colorectal cancer, style of life, well-being promotion, action ResearchParole chiave: screening, prevenzione, tumore colorettale, stili di vita, promozione del benessere, ricerca intervento

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3

GUL, AYAZ, SYED IFTIKHAR ALAM, RASHID ASLAM, and Waqar Alam. "COLORECTAL CARCINOMA." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2011): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2578.

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Objective: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of death in the world. Its incidence in young patients is on rise. Objective: To determine the common types of colorectal carcinoma in patients below 40 years of age presenting to tertiary care level hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study Setting: It was carried out at Surgical Department, KTH, Peshawar Period: January 2007 to January 2008. Materials and methods: Total of 50 patients younger than forty years of age with colorectal cancer were included in study for the determination of histologic types. Results: There were 66% males and 34% were females. The commonest affected age group was 31-35 years old having 46% cases. On history 86% patients complained of altered bowel habits and on clinical examination anemia was present in 72% patients. Left and right sided tumors were found in 70% and 30% patients respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type found in 94% cases followed by lymphoma (4%). Conclusions: The incidence in young age group (≤ 39 years) was highest There was slight male preponderance. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest tumor.

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4

Gennatas, C. G., G. Papaxoinis, N. Tsavaris, D. Mouratidou, C. Andreadis, D. Voros, A. Fotopoulos, V. Smyrniotis, and E. Mallas. "Advanced colorectal carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.3655.

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5

Watson, Patrice, Kevin M. Lin, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Tom Smyrk, Stephen Lemon, M. Shashidharan, Barbara Franklin, Beth Karr, Alan Thorson, and Henry T. Lynch. "Colorectal carcinoma survival among hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma family members." Cancer 83, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<259::aid-cncr9>3.0.co;2-l.

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6

Lynch, HT, and T. Smyrk. "Colorectal cancer, survival advantage, and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma." Gastroenterology 110, no. 3 (March 1996): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v110.agast960943.

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7

Schmoll, H. J. "Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal carcinoma: Current problems and future perspectives." Annals of Oncology 5 (1994): S115—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/5.suppl_3.s115.

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8

Nottage, Kerri, Joshua McFarlane, Matthew J. Krasin, Chenghong Li, Deokumar Srivastava, Leslie L. Robison, and Melissa M. Hudson. "Secondary Colorectal Carcinoma After Childhood Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 20 (July 10, 2012): 2552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.37.8760.

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Purpose Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been described as a subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN), although little is known about associated risk factors. We aimed to quantify the long-term risk of secondary CRC and identify treatment-related risk factors. Patients and Methods In this nested case-control study, 19 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were identified from 13,048 oncology patients treated for childhood cancer at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. Group 1 controls (n = 148) were matched for age at primary malignancy and follow-up interval. Group 2 controls (n = 72) were matched on primary diagnosis in addition to group 1 criteria. Exact conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for chemotherapy and radiation exposure. Results Forty-year cumulative incidence of secondary CRC was 1.4%. Standardized incidence ratio was 10.9 (95% CI, 6.6 to 17.0) compared with that in the general US population. Secondary CRC was more likely in an irradiated segment of the colon (group 1 OR, 7.7; P = .001; group 2 OR, 15.4; P = .002). Risk increased by 70% with each 10-Gy increase in radiation dose. Increasing radiation volume increased risk (group 1 OR, 1.5; P < .001; group 2 OR, 1.8; P < .001). Alkylating agent exposure was associated with an 8.8-fold increased risk of secondary CRC (P = .03). Conclusion In matched analyses, radiation and alkylator exposure are associated with secondary CRC. This risk is proportional to dose and volume of radiation. Surveillance should be initiated at a young age among survivors receiving high-risk exposures.

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9

Shah, Muhammad Fahd, Irum Sabir Ali, and Ahmed Faraz. "COLORECTAL CANCER." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 06 (June 10, 2016): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.06.1608.

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Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal disease andhas been studied extensively. In an effort to decrease the morbidity and mortality associatedwith this disease, studies have been performed to gain insight into the anatomic distribution,average age at presentation, mean age at presentation for different segments of colon involvedand intersex differences. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the frequencyof sites of colorectal cancer involvement. Material and methods: Study design: Study wasdescriptive case series. Setting: General surgical department post graduate Lady ReadingHospital Peshawar. Period: From 01/01/2011 to 30/06/2012. Sample size: Sample size was416 using 3.57% proportion of descending colon5, 95% confidence level and 1.785% margin oferror under WHO software for sample size determination. Sampling technique: Consecutivenon probability sampling. Results: This study was carried out in 416 consecutive patients.These patients included 233 men (56 %) and 183 women (44%). Age varied from twelve yearsto seventy years. The commonest age group in the study at the time of presentation was63-72 years. Commonest site involved was rectum (26%) followed by sigmoid colon (16%).Bleeding per rectum was the commonest symptom (62.05%) followed by altered bowel habits(35.71%). Twelve patients (21.43%) presented with intestinal obstruction. Histopathologically,twenty patients had well differentiated adeno-carcinoma (35.72%) whereas eighteen patientshad anaplastic tumour (32.14%) and mucinous adeno-carcinoma was found in five patients(8.92%).Conclusion: Rectum is the most common site of tumour followed by left, right andtransverse colon respectively. The site of involvement affects the surgical procedure required.In conclusion the symptoms of colorectal cancer may not be representative of any anatomicalsite, by the time symptoms appear the lesion may have become invasive.

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10

Manxhuka-Kerliu, Suzana, Skender Telaku, Halil Ahmetaj, Arijeta Baruti, Sadushe Loxha, and Agron Kerliu. "Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Values." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2009): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2851.

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After lung cancer colorectal cancer (Cc) is ranked the second, as a cause of cancer-related death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Cc cases in our material with respect to all prognostic values including histological type and grade, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and tumor border features. There were investigated 149 cases of resection specimen with colorectal cancer, which were fixed in buffered neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections (4(µm thick) were cut and stained with H&E. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type found in 85,90% of cases, in 60,94% of males and 39,06% of females; squamous cell carcinoma in 7,38%, in 63,63% of males and 36,36% of females; mucinous carcinoma in 4,68%, in 57,15% of males and 42,85% of females; while adenosquamous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and carcinoma in situ in 0,71% of cases each. Dukes' classification was used in order to define the depth of invasion. Dukes B was found in 68,45% of cases, whereas in 31,54% of cases Dukes C was found. As far as histological grading is concerned, Cc was mostly with moderate differentiation (75,16%) with neither vascular nor perineural invasion. Resection margins were in all cases free of tumor. Our data indicate that the pathologic features of the resection specimen constitute the most powerful predictors of postoperative outcome in Cc. Dukes' stage and degree of differentiation provide independent prognostic information in Cc. However, differentiation should be assessed by the worst pattern.

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11

Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Helena, Luca Vannucci, Klara Klimesova, Renata Stepankova, Jiri Krizan, and Miloslav Kverka. "Microbiome and Colorectal Carcinoma." Cancer Journal 20, no. 3 (2014): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ppo.0000000000000052.

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12

Watanabe, Toshiaki, Tetsuichiro Muto, Toshio Sawada, and Michiko Miyaki. "Flat adenoma as a precursor of colorectal carcinoma in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 77, no. 4 (February 15, 1996): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960215)77:4<627::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-d.

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13

Lightdale, Charles J. "Early Colorectal Cancer: Detection of Depressed Types of Colorectal Carcinoma." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 48, no. 3 (September 1998): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70212-3.

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14

Rosso, Riccardo. "Colorectal Carcinoma Adjuvant Chemotherapy." Tumori Journal 83, no. 1_suppl1 (January 1997): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03008916970831s122.

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15

Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka. "Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma: Cancer Family Syndrome." Annals of Medicine 21, no. 4 (January 1989): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853898909149213.

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16

Yucel, Idris, Dilek Erdem, Bahiddin Yilmaz, and Guzin Gonullu. "Ovarian metastases in colorectal carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e14697-e14697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e14697.

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e14697 Background: 5-30 % of all ovarian tumors are metastatic and only 3-14 % of them derive from gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of colorectal cancer patients with ovarian metastases and also to identify the features in the management of these patients. Methods: 972 colorectal cancer patients admitted to our clinic between 01/2001 and 12/2011 were included in the study. Among these patients, only 9 had ovarian metastases. Age, menopausal status, initial symptom, operation status, localisation of colorectal tumor, stage at diagnosis, tumor grade, histopathological type, colorectal tumor-ovarian metastases interval, having synchronous or metachronous metastases, the place of metastases and concurrent metastatic disease were evaluated. SPSS 16 is used. Results: Mean age of patients was 45 years (range between 21-72 years). 66.7 % had premenopausal state. 55 % of them had right colon tumor. 5 patients had stage IV disease. 5 patients had synchronous metastases (55 %). Colorectal cancer-ovarian metastases interval was 6-49 months in the patients with metachronous metastases. Among patients; 5 had right and 1 had left ovarian metastases and 3 had metastases to both ovaries. 2 of 3 bilateral ovarian metastases were derived from right-sided tumors (66.6 %). 7 patients also had metastases to other different parts and most of those had peritoneal involvement (85.7 %). PFS was between 2 and 27 months. At the time of ovarian metastases, 7 patients had high CA 125 levels and 3 had high CEA levels. All patients with high levels of CA 125 during diagnosis continued to have high levels of CA 125 with ovarian metastases. Conclusions: Premenopausal patients seem to have higher risk of ovarian metastases. This study support that examining CA 125 levels in colorectal cancer patients who have abnormal findings in the gynecological examination preoperatively may help not to miss synchronous ovarian metastases.The finding of ovarian metastases should make consideration that the disease is disseminated. Ovaries should be examined preoperatively and it should be kept in mind that CA 125 levels may be a valuable marker in this setting.

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17

Thangasamy, B. M. "Oncological emergencies in colorectal carcinoma." European Journal of Cancer 72 (February 2017): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30361-1.

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18

Milburn Jessup, J., and Gary E. Gallich. "The biology of colorectal carcinoma." Current Problems in Cancer 16, no. 5 (September 1992): 265–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-0272(92)90049-t.

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19

Hamilton, Stanley R. "Molecular genetics of colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 70, S3 (September 1, 1992): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19920901)70:3+<1216::aid-cncr2820701505>3.0.co;2-f.

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20

Bandettini, L., A. Bellacci, P. Mugnaini, S. Mori, D. Brugnoia, and M. Pace. "Colorectal carcinoma in young people." European Journal of Cancer 29 (January 1993): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)91138-b.

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21

Freeman, Harold P., and Tarek A. Alshafie. "Colorectal carcinoma in poor blacks." Cancer 94, no. 9 (April 25, 2002): 2327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10486.

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22

Lee, K. C. "Brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 79, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970501)79:9<1842::aid-cncr31>3.0.co;2-w.

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23

Cooper, Gregory S., and Jonathan D. Payes. "Receipt of colorectal testing prior to colorectal carcinoma diagnosis." Cancer 103, no. 4 (2005): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20839.

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24

Mármol, Inés, Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego, Alberto Pradilla Dieste, Elena Cerrada, and María Rodriguez Yoldi. "Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010197.

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Mohammed, Mutaz, Abd elmagid Musaad, Elsaggad Eltayeb, and Muataz A elaziz. "Colorectal carcinoma in Sudanese patients." International Journal of Medicine 3, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5159.

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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is an increasingly important public health problem in developing countries, including Sudan. The burden of colorectal cancer in Sudan is unknown, mainly because of lack of statistics or under reporting. Colorectal carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the GI tract, unfortunately there are few statistical data regarding colorectal cancer, its geographical, ethnic distribution, & pattern of behavior in Sudan.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess pattern of presentation, management, & postoperative complication of colorectal carcinoma patients who presented to Ibn Sina hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients and method: </strong>This is a descriptive study between (2012-2014); a prospective & retrospective study of histological confirmed cases of colorectal cancer was conducted at Ibn Sina hospital.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Sixty three patients were included within the study. The mean age of the patients was 50.5 (±11.7). The median duration until presentation was 10 months. Left-side colonic carcinoma was 81% represented the majority of cases with Rectosigmoid cancer account for 74% of all cases. The most common presenting symptoms were alteration of bowel habits 90.5% and rectal bleeding 84%. Anemia was reported in 62.5% of right side colonic carcinoma while only in 23.5% of left colonic carcinoma. CEA was found positive in 85.3% (n=35). Postoperative morbidity in this study was 38%. All tumors were adenocarcinoma, and 65% of the sample were advanced “Duke's stage C & D."</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A younger age group with late presentation and advance disease, making the possibility of cure difficult if we take into consideration the scarcity of the resources.</p>

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26

Turner, Roderick R., Dean T. Nora, Steven D. Trocha, and Anton J. Bilchik. "Colorectal Carcinoma Nodal Staging." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-673-ccns.

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Abstract Context.—Nodal staging accuracy is important for prognosis and selection of patients for chemotherapy. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping improves staging accuracy in breast cancer and melanoma and is being investigated for colorectal carcinoma. Objective.—To assess pathologic aspects of SLN staging for colon cancer. Design.—Sentinel lymph nodes were identified with a dual surgeon-pathologist technique in 51 colorectal carcinomas and 12 adenomas. The frequency of cytokeratin (CK)–positive cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, both SLN and non-SLN, was determined along with their immunohistochemical characteristics. Results.—The median number of SLNs was 3; the median number of total nodes was 14. The CK-positive cell clusters were detected in the SLNs of 10 (29%) of 34 SLN-negative patients. Adjusted per patient, SLNs were significantly more likely to contain CK-positive cells than non-SLNs (P < .001). Cell clusters, cytologic atypia, and/or coexpression of tumor and epithelial markers p53 and E-cadherin were supportive of carcinoma cells. Single CK-positive cells only, however, could not be definitively characterized as isolated tumor cells; these cells generally lacked malignant cytologic features and coexpression of tumor and epithelial markers and in 2 cases represented mesothelial cells with calretinin immunoreactivity. Colorectal adenomas were associated with a rare SLN CK-positive cell in 1 (8%) of 12 cases. Conclusions.—Sentinel lymph node staging with CK-immunohistochemical analysis for colorectal carcinomas is highly sensitive for detection of nodal tumor cells. Cohesive cell clusters can be reliably reported as isolated tumor cells. Single CK-positive cells should be interpreted with caution, because they may occasionally represent benign epithelial or mesothelial cells.

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27

Sinn, H. P., and H. F. Kern. "Ultrastructural differentiation in colorectal carcinoma." Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 111, S1 (February 1986): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02580122.

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28

Batko, Stanislav. "Anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal carcinoma." Onkologie 11, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2017.014.

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29

ANAND, A., and A. ANAND. "Colorectal Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance of Gastrin." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, no. 14 (July 19, 1995): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.14.1086.

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30

Kinney, Anita Y., Brenda M. DeVellis, Cecile Skrzynia, and Robert Millikan. "Genetic testing for colorectal carcinoma susceptibility." Cancer 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20010101)91:1<57::aid-cncr8>3.0.co;2-u.

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31

Ning, Xu, Ding Yan-Qing, Xu Li, and Qiu Hong-ming. "Clinicopathological features of RER+ colorectal carcinoma." Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11670-999-0021-z.

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32

Morales-Guti�rrez, Carlos, Irene Vegh, Francisco Colina, August�n G�mez-C�mara, Alberto Garc�a-Carranza, J. Ignacio Landa, Dioniso Ballesteros, Patricia E. Carreira, and Rafael Enr�quez-de-Salamanca. "Survival of patients with colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 86, no. 9 (November 1, 1999): 1675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991101)86:9<1675::aid-cncr8>3.0.co;2-9.

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33

Rigau, Valérie, Nicole Sebbagh, Sylviane Olschwang, François Paraf, Najat Mourra, Yann Parc, and Jean-François Flejou. "Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-694-miicc.

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Abstract Context.—Microsatellite instability (MSI) due to defective mismatch repair (MMR) genes has been reported in the majority of colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome and in 10% to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers. The identification of cancers associated with MSI requires classical molecular testing as the gold standard. Objective.—The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against 4 MMR proteins as a screening tool for carcinomas with MSI. Methods.—In this study, 204 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal carcinomas were examined for MMR protein expression (hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, and hPMS2) and analyzed for MSI (MSI-H indicates at least 2 of 6 markers affected). These results were correlated with histopathologic parameters. Results.—Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that loss of expression of at least 1 protein was present in 17% of cases. One hundred percent of carcinomas that showed high instability (MSI-H) showed loss of expression of hMLH1, hMSH2, or hMSH6. Loss of expression of 2 proteins was present in 59.4% of MSI-H cases, with only 2 combinations, namely, hMLH1/hPMS2 and hMSH2/hMSH6. Isolated loss of hMSH6 expression was present in 2 MSI-H cases. Conclusions.—These findings confirm that examination of MMR protein expression by immunohistochemistry is a simple method to diagnose colorectal cancer with MSI. Our data suggest that the study of hMSH6 may be useful, in addition to hMLH1 and hMSH2. Moreover, immunohistochemistry could represent a screening method with which to direct research on the mutations of MMR genes observed in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome.

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Jungwirth, J., Peter Mačinga, Jan Král, Pavel Taimr, Jiří Froněk, Julius Špičák, and Tomáš Hucl. "Colorectal carcinoma after liver transplantation." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 76, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2022302.

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Summary: Introduction: Patients after liver transplantation (LTx) have an increased risk of developing malignancies, especially skin malignancies and lymphomas. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, its incidence may be higher after transplantation of certain organs. In liver transplant patients, the risk of developing CRC is not clearly known. Aim and methods: The aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of CRC in patients after liver transplantation and to enrich these data with our own experience from our transplant center. Results: In the literature, the documented incidence of colorectal cancer ranges from comparable to twice as high, compared to the general population. Most studies evaluate incidence of different tumors after transplantatin of various organs irrespective of the indication for transplantation. An unequivocally proven risk factor is the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis by ulcerative colitis, which is, however, a precancer in itself. Studies in which non-PSC and UC liver transplant recipients were evaluated separately mostly did not show an increased risk of CRC. Conclusion: According to most studies, the incidence of colorectal cancer in all liver transplant patients is slightly higher than in the general population. The risk of PSC/UC in liver transplant patients is significantly higher, which strongly supports the necessity of their regular endoscopic surveillance. In patients transplanted for other indications, the risk of developing CRC seems comparable with the general population. Posttransplant CRC is characterized by location in the right colon, diagnosis at a later stage and worse prognosis. Key words: transplantation – liver transplantion– colorectal carcinoma

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35

Hamilton, Stanley R., and Scott E. Kern. "Molecular genetic alterations as potential prognostic indicators in colorectal carcinoma and molecular genetics of colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 72, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930801)72:3<957::aid-cncr2820720349>3.0.co;2-1.

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36

Benatti, Piero, Luca Roncucci, Antonio Percesepe, Alessandra Viel, Monica Pedroni, Maria Grazia Tamassia, Fabiana Vaccina, Rossella Fante, Stefano De Pietri, and Maurizio Ponz de Leon. "Small bowel carcinoma in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer." American Journal of Gastroenterology 93, no. 11 (November 1998): 2219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00618.x.

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37

Kabaker, Katherine, Kathryn Shell, and Howard L. Kaufman. "Vaccines for Colorectal Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma." Cancer Journal 17, no. 5 (September 2011): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ppo.0b013e318232ff44.

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38

&NA;. "Cancer Nursing Supplement: Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Carcinoma." Cancer Nursing 30, Supplement 1 (July 2007): S27—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ncc.0000281760.31447.fb.

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39

Lam, Alfred King-Yin, Robert Carmichael, Petra Gertraud Buettner, Vinod Gopalan, Yik-Hong Ho, and Simon Siu. "Clinicopathological significance of synchronous carcinoma in colorectal cancer." American Journal of Surgery 202, no. 1 (July 2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.05.012.

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40

Rodriguez-Bigas, Miguel A., Hans F. A. Vasen, Henry T. Lynch, Patrice Watson, Torben Myrh�j, Heikki J. J�rvinen, Jukka Pekka Mecklin, et al. "Characteristics of small bowel carcinoma in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 83, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<240::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-u.

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41

Sunkara, Tagore, Megan E. Caughey, Priyanka Makkar, Febin John, and Vinaya Gaduputi. "Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Colon." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485558.

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Overall, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, meaning that it is one of the more widely recognized preventable cancers. Instances of colorectal malignancies though are overwhelmingly attributable to adenocarcinoma. Colorectal cancers with components of squamous cell carcinoma represent a statistical anomaly. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old male, who complained of abdominal pain and weight loss over a 3-month period of time. Biopsies from a colonoscopy ultimately revealed that this patient’s colon cancer consisted of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, representing a truly exceptional pathology finding in a patient diagnosed with a colorectal cancer.

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Yılmazlar, Tuncay, Abdullah Zorluoğlu, Halil Özgüç, Nusret Korun, Hakan Duman, Ekrem Kaya, and Ayhan Kızıl. "Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults." Tumori Journal 81, no. 4 (July 1995): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169508100402.

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The study was carried out to promote a greater awareness of the potential for colorectal cancer in young adults under 40 years of age. During the 8 years between 1986 and 1993, 237 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were operated at the Uludağ University Hospital. Of these 237 cases, 46 patients under 40 years old were reviewed retrospectively. They accounted for 19.4% of the total number of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum operated during the same period. Rectal bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. The mean duration of time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5.8 months. The rectosigmoid area was the most frequently involved site (80%). Seventy-six percent of the patients had Dukes’ stage C or D tumors. Forty-eight percent of the tumors were either poorly differentiated or mucinous. The cumulative survival rate at 5 years was 43.4%. Patients under 40 years old with carcinoma of the colon and rectum are usually symptomatic and have advanced disease at the time of presentation. Although colorectal cancer is usually a disease of older patients it is becoming more common in younger populations.

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Levin, Bernard. "Why hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma patients appear to have better survival than patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 83, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<201::aid-cncr1>3.0.co;2-t.

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Sheikh, R. A., B. H. Min, R. Teplitz, H. Tesluk, B. H. Ruebner, and M. J. Lawson. "Why hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma patients appear to have better survival than patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 85, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990101)85:1<253::aid-cncr44>3.0.co;2-m.

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Huang, Dan, Bin Yu, Yun Deng, Weiqi Sheng, Zhilei Peng, Wenxin Qin, and Xiang Du. "SFRP4 was overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma." Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 136, no. 3 (September 3, 2009): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-009-0669-2.

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Rama, A. R., A. Aguilera, C. Melguizo, O. Caba, and J. Prados. "Tissue Specific Promoters in Colorectal Cancer." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/390161.

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Colorectal carcinoma is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. In the most advanced stages, the use of chemotherapy induces a poor response and is usually accompanied by other tissue damage. Significant progress based on suicide gene therapy has demonstrated that it may potentiate the classical cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer. The inconvenience still rests with the targeting and the specificity efficiency. The main target of gene therapy is to achieve an effective vehicle to hand over therapeutic genes safely into specific cells. One possibility is the use of tumor-specific promoters overexpressed in cancers. They could induce a specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several promoters have been assayed into direct suicide genes to cancer cells. This review discusses the current status of specific tumor-promoters and their great potential in colorectal carcinoma treatment.

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Dove-Edwin, Isis, Dominique Boks, Sheila Goff, Gemma G. Kenter, Robert Carpenter, Hans F. A. Vasen, and Huw J. W. Thomas. "The outcome of endometrial carcinoma surveillance by ultrasound scan in women at risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma and familial colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 94, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 1708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10380.

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Wood, Nick J., Sean R. Duffy, and Eamonn Sheridan. "The outcome of endometrial carcinoma surveillance by ultrasound scan in women at risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma and familial colorectal carcinoma." Cancer 98, no. 8 (October 3, 2003): 1772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11704.

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Krasinskas, Alyssa M. "EGFR Signaling in Colorectal Carcinoma." Pathology Research International 2011 (February 14, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/932932.

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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling pathways are involved in the development and progression of several human tumors, including colorectal cancer. Much attention has been given to the EGFR pathway as of lately because both EGFR and some downstream components serve as targets for anticancer therapy. In addition to playing a critical role in targeted therapy, alterations in this pathway can have prognostic implications. The EGFR pathway and its impact on colorectal carcinogenesis and prognosis are the emphasis of this paper. Since prognosis is tightly related to response to various therapies, the predictive value of the components of this pathway will be briefly discussed, but this is not the focus of this paper.

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MUINELO-ROMAY, L., E. GIL-MARTÍN, and A. FERNÁNDEZ-BRIERA. "α(1,2)fucosylation in human colorectal carcinoma." Oncology Letters 1, no. 2 (March 2010): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000064.

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