Journal articles on the topic 'Carcasse bovine'
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SELLIER, P., J. BOUIX, G. RENAND, and M. MOLÉNAT. "Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : Les aptitudes bouchères : croissance, efficacité alimentaire et qualité de la carcasse." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4278.
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Les programmes de sélection sur les aptitudes bouchères ont un double objectif : l’abaissement du coût de production et l’amélioration de la qualité du produit. Cet article rappelle un certain nombre de données de base sur les aptitudes bouchères : courbe de croissance, évolution de la composition chimique et tissulaire chez l’animal en croissance (notion d’allométrie), énergétique de la croissance (relation entre efficacité alimentaire et croissance musculaire), développement des tissus musculaire et adipeux, qualités de la viande et du gras. Les objectifs et les critères de sélection sont décrits pour chacune des espèces bovine, ovine et porcine. L’importance relative accordée aux différents caractères (vitesse de croissance, efficacité alimentaire, teneur en viande de la carcasse, qualité de la viande) varie selon l’espèce. Chez les bovins allaitants et les ovins, l’évaluation génétique des mâles repose dans un premier temp sur le contrôle individuel et dans un second temps sur le contrôle de descendance. Chez le porc, la composition corporelle peut être estimée avec précision sur l’animal vivant (échographie aux ultra-sons) et le contrôle individuel a été largement utilisé dans les deux dernières décennies.
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HELPS, C. R., A. V. FISHER, D. A. HARBOUR, D. H. O'NEILL, and A. C. KNIGHT. "Transfer of Spinal Cord Material to Subsequent Bovine Carcasses at Splitting." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1921.
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During the slaughter process, cattle carcasses are split by sawing centrally down the vertebral column, resulting in contamination of each half with spinal cord material. Using a novel method based on a real-time PCR assay, we measured saw-mediated tissue transfer among carcasses. Up to 2.5% of the tissue recovered from each of the five subsequent carcasses by swabbing the split vertebral face came from the first carcass to be split; approximately 9 mg was spinal cord tissue. Under controlled conditions in an experimental abattoir, between 23 and 135 g of tissue accumulated in the saw after splitting five to eight carcasses. Of the total tissue recovered, between 10 and 15% originated from the first carcass, and between 7 and 61 mg was spinal cord tissue from the first carcass. At commercial plants in the United Kingdom, between 6 and 101 g of tissue was recovered from the saw, depending on the particular saw-washing procedure and number of carcasses processed. Therefore, if a carcass infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy were to enter the slaughter line, the main risk of subsequent carcass contamination would come from the tissue debris that accumulates in the splitting saw. This work highlights the importance of effective saw cleaning and indicates that design modifications are required to minimize the accumulation of spinal cord tissue debris and, hence, the risk of cross-contamination of carcasses.
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LEGRAND, I., Jean-François HOCQUETTE, C. DENOYELLE, and C. BIÈCHE-TERRIER. "La gestion des nombreux critères de qualité de la viande bovine : une approche complexe." INRA Productions Animales 29, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2016.29.3.2959.
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La filière bovine est importante en Europe, mais doit faire face à un contexte économique difficile, notamment en raison d’une baisse régulière de la consommation de viande par personne. Les opérateurs de l’élevage à la transformation dégagent peu de marges et les circuits de commercialisation sont de plus en plus complexes et déconnectés de la carcasse, base sur laquelle est encore rémunéré l’éleveur. En parallèle, les comportements des consommateurs évoluent par leurs lieux d’achat, la nature des produits consommés et les attentes qui se sont diversifiées au fil des années, amenant la recherche et le développement à élargir largement son champ d’action. Alors que les actions étaient centrées sur la production et son efficacité dans les années 1970-80, le champ de recherche a progressivement pris en compte les caractéristiques intrinsèques de la viande que sont les qualités sensorielles, sanitaires et nutritionnelles. S’y sont ajoutées plus récemment des qualités associées au produit (appelées qualités extrinsèques) répondant à des attentes sociétales larges, en lien avec les modes de production : bien-être animal, impact environnemental et durabilité des élevages. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter des approches de recherche transversales et intégrées qui sont souvent les seules à apporter les résultats escomptés, ainsi qu’illustré pour la maîtrise d’un risque sanitaire ou la prédiction de la qualité d’une viande en bouche. Certaines lacunes dans les connaissances subsistent encore sur ces aspects, mais de nombreux résultats sont disponibles, bien qu’ils ne soient pas toujours pris en compte dans les pratiques des opérateurs. Des travaux en lien direct avec les attentes des consommateurs sont de plus en plus nécessaires. La recherche doit apporter des outils intégratifs pour prédire de façon objective les qualités intrinsèques de la viande, mais aussi ses qualités extrinsèques. Un fort besoin d’innovation se fait effectivement ressentir pour conquérir de nouveaux marchés et répondre aux attentes sociétales. La combinaison des qualités intrinsèques et extrinsèques afin de mieux satisfaire les consommateurs est un enjeu majeur pour l’avenir de la filière viande bovine et plus largement de la filière viande de ruminants.
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Rodrigues, Rayane Marques, Thaiany Oliveira Martins, and Diego Pierotti Procópio. "Economic loss from the main causes of whole bovine carcass condemnation in slaughterhouses supervised by the Federal Inspection Service in São Paulo state from 2010 to 2019." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (May 10, 2022): e55220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55220.
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The objective of this study was to analyze and determine the economic loss from the main causes of whole bovine carcass condemnation in slaughterhouses that are inspected by the Federal Inspection Service in the state of São Paulo for the period from 2010 to 2019. Economic loss was calculated from multiplication of the number of whole carcasses condemned by the mean yield of meat per carcass and the mean annual price of beef. The monetary values were updated to the year 2019, using the IGP-DI [General Price Index]. The results indicated an economic loss of R$ 4.06 billion from the whole condemnation of bovine carcasses and the main causes were contamination (R$ 1.73 billion), abscess (R$ 283.20 million), urinary cyst (R$ 194.14 million), emphysema (R$ 107.00 million) and nephritis (R$ 107.52 million). The main factors associated with the whole condemnation of bovine carcasses are failures in the pre-slaughter management and in the slaughter stages, as well as nutritional disorders. Consequently, to minimize such losses in beef production in São Paulo state it is recommended to adopt good production practices and train slaughterhouse employees.
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Mendonça, Fábio Souza, Ricardo Zambarda Vaz, Willian Silveira Leal, João Restle, Leonir Luiz Pascoal, Marcia Bitencourt Vaz, and Gustavo Duarte Farias. "Genetic group and horns presence in injuries and economic losses of bovine carcasses." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 6 (December 14, 2016): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4265.
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Assessment of carcass bruises in steers and cull females, classified during truck unloading at the slaughterhouse according to genetic dominance in zebu and taurine cattle, and the presence of horns, including polled, horned and mixed batches. We considered horned the batches that included more than 20% of horned animals and mixed the batches that included less than 20% horned animals. The data were collected in a commercial slaughterhouse and included 93 batches, with a total of 2,520 animals, from different regions of South Brazil. After evisceration, the bruises were identified and recorded in the different carcass regions: hip, round, ribs, forequarter and loin area per animal and batch. The weights of the removed tissue due to bruising was based on the average weights of various samples of bruises according to their degree of severity. Regarding the number of bruises per animal, no differences (P> 0.05) were observed between genetic groups, however, when comparing the total bruises per batch, differences were observed in all carcass regions, except for the forequarter, with more number of injuries in zebu than in taurine carcasses. The individual assessment showed 86.2% (P<.05) more bruises in the ribs region in horned than in polled animals carcasses. Horned batches had higher bruises mean (P<.05) compared to the polled, with increases of 65.1; 131.7 e 132.8 % in total bruises in the carcass, ribs and forequarter, respectively. The mixed batches did not differ from polled and horned batches. Zebu animals were responsible for higher industry loss totaling 1.21 kg, resulting in a economic loss of R $ 15.48 per carcass. The presence of horns resulted in greater carcass loss, 1.131 kg, with economic loss of R $ 16.11 per carcass. The bruises on carcasses are affected by the breed group and presence of horns, with zebu and horned groups causing major economic losses for the meat production chain.
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POWER, CHRISTINE A., ROGER P. JOHNSON, SCOTT A. McEWEN, W. BRUCE McNAB, MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS, W. RONALD USBORNE, and STEPHANIE A. DE GRANDIS. "Evaluation of the Reveal and SafePath Rapid Escherichia coli O157 Detection Tests for Use on Bovine Feces and Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.7.860.
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The Reveal (Neogen Corp., Lansing, Mich.) and SafePath (SafePath Laboratories LLC, St. Paul, Minn.) tests were evaluated for their performance as beef fecal and beef carcass Escherichia coli O157:H7 monitoring tests. Agreement between these tests and a reference test system was determined using naturally contaminated bovine feces and beef carcasses. The reference system utilized immunomagnetic separation with plating onto cefixime, tellurite, sorbitol MacConkey agar, followed by colony testing using a serum agglutination test for the O157 antigen. Relative to this reference method, the Reveal test showed a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 82% on bovine feces and a specificity of 99% on carcass samples. The SafePath test, demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity at 79% and a similar specificity of 79%. On carcass samples the SafePath test performed similarly to the Reveal test, demonstrating a specificity of 100% relative to the reference system. There was an insufficient number of E. coli O157-positive carcass samples to estimate precisely the sensitivity of these two methods. Both methods show promise as rapid carcass monitoring tests, but further field testing to estimate sensitivity is needed to complete their evaluation. The proportion of positive fecal samples for E. coli O157:H7 by the reference method ranged from 10.2% to 36% in 10 lots of cattle with an overall mean of 17.3% (39/225). Quarter carcass sponging of 125 carcasses revealed 1.6% positive for the pathogen (2/125).
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Gregory, N. G., and P. J. Murray. "Effect of hot chining beef carcasses on tenderness of the eye muscle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022959.
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If bovine spongiform encephalopathy were found to be transmitted vertically it might become necessary to remove the spinal cord intact from all beef carcasses. One way of achieving this would be to chine the carcass, thus avoiding contamination of the edible carcass with spinal cord during carcass splitting. In line with this possible development, this study examined whether hot chining would help to tenderise beef longissimus dorsi muscle through a tenderstretch effect. Ten beef animals were slaughtered, dressed and split in the conventional way. One side from each carcass was then chined at 50 min post slaughter and chilled overnight at 1 to 2°C.
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LASTA, JORGE A., RICARDO RODRÍGUEZ, MARTA ZANELLI, and CARLOS A. MARGARÍA. "Bacterial Count from Bovine Carcasses as an Indicator of Hygiene at Slaughtering Places: A Proposal for Sampling." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.4.271.
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A sampling technique by which the whole carcass is rubbed with a polyurethane sponge was used to study bacterial status on 523 beef carcasses at six different slaughterhouses over four different years. Although some abattoirs were differentiated based upon the psychrotroph counts from their carcasses, effects on counts of visits and season of sample taking, as well as interaction year x abattoir found at the other plants were large enough to mask the abattoir effect. Mesophile counts were not consistent enough to discriminate abattoirs, while, Enterobacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive organisms showed very low counts and did not set apart differences. A guideline to monitor beef carcass hygiene and indirectely the hygiene of the slaughtering practices through the psychrotroph counts is proposed. A two-kinds sampling plan is suggested with “right-incorrect” as levels of hygiene. A sample unit (n) of 10, an acceptance number of contaminated carcasses (c) of 3, and a count limit (m) of 103 CFU/cm2 are proposed. Under this guideline, a lot of carcasses will be deemed as hygiene lacking when 4 or more, out of 10 carcasses, yield counts of 103 CFU/cm2 or higher.
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Aalhus, J. L., R. D. Thacker, I. L. Larsen, J. C. Roberts, M. A. Price, and M. Juárez. "Control Points To Reduce Movement of Central Nervous System Tissue during Beef Slaughter." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-302.
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ABSTRACT Consumption of central nervous system tissue (CNST) from cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is thought to cause the human neurological disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. To identify points of cross-contamination of beef carcasses with CNST, 55 young beef cattle were slaughtered and processed through a federally inspected multispecies abattoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate CNST spread following the placement of a plug in the penetration site of the skull after captive bolt stunning, to evaluate cross-contamination of carcasses before and after splitting, to compare the effects of hot water pasteurization (84°C for 10 s) versus cold water wash (10°C for 30 s) for reducing CNST on the carcass, and to examine other possible sources of cross-contamination in the abattoir. Results indicated that the use of a plastic plug reduced CNST contamination near the bolt penetration site. This study also confirmed that carcass splitting resulted in an increase in CNST contamination at various areas of the carcass. Hot water pasteurization appeared to be an effective means of removing CNST contamination from carcasses in most of the areas sampled.
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BOWLING, M. B., R. S. YEMM, K. E. BELK, J. N. SOFOS, G. C. SMITH, and J. A. SCANGA. "An Evaluation of Central Nervous System Cross-Contamination Due to Carcass Splitting in Commercial Beef-Packing Plants." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.83.
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Four experiments were conducted in commercial beef-packing facilities The objectives of these experiments were to: (i) determine and validate a carcass sampling technique and location to determine if central nervous system (CNS) cross-contamination exists/occurs; (ii) determine if residual CNS tissue contamination remains on splitting saws after sanitation procedures; (iii) determine the prevalence of CNS cross-contamination in commercial slaughter facilities; (iv) determine whether washing treatments reduce or eliminate CNS tissue presence in carcass-splitting saws; (v) determine the effectiveness of commercial spray-washing systems in removing CNS tissue from beef carcasses; and (vi) compare residual CNS tissue levels on the blade and in the housings of the Jarvis Buster IX and Buster IV carcass-splitting saws. CNS tissue remained, albeit at very low levels, in the housings and on the blades of carcass-splitting saws after carcass splitting and operational sanitation. Additionally, after splitting carcasses, CNS tissue remaining in the splitting saw housings and on saw blades was found to cross-contaminate subsequent carcasses during splitting. Most splitting saw operational sanitation procedures reduced the amount of CNS tissue remaining in the splitting saw housings and on splitting saw blades, but no treatment eliminated CNS tissue from either to levels below the detection limit of the assay (6 ng/100 cm2). Washing in carcass spray-washing cabinets at three of the five commercial beef-packing facilities reduced, but did not eliminate, presence of CNS tissue in the aitch bone area of carcasses. Carcass spray washing in cabinets at three of the five facilities reduced (P <0.05) the concentration of CNS tissue in the fourth thoracic vertebra area. While extremely low concentrations of CNS tissue remained in the splitting saw housings, on the splitting saw blades, and on carcasses, it is unknown whether these levels would pose a human food safety risk because the exact amount of bovine spongiform encephalopathy–infected spinal cord capable of transmitting the disease to humans is dependent on the infectivity titer, which is not readily known.
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Pospíšil, R. "Costs related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy control in the Czech Republic in 2001–2008." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 3 (April 6, 2009): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/586-agricecon.
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This paper pays attention to and analyses two of the economic impacts of the BSE occurrence in the Czech Republic, namely the financial compensations to the farmers whose herds had been affected and the costs of animal killing and carcass disposal in the rendering plant. Between February 2001 and the end of June 2008, a total of 1 263 749 cows were examined and 28 cases of the BSE were detected. Consequently, 4 022 cows in cohorts were killed and their carcasses were safely disposed of. The farmers whose herds had been affected were provided compensations for the losses suffered. The total of the compensations in this period reached CZK 198,413 thousand. Of these, 83.3% (CZK 164.9 million) were compensations for the value of the killed animals, 9.7% (CZK 19.2 million) for the related costs, i.e., killing, safe disposal of carcasses and the examination for the BSE, and 6.9% (CZK 13.5 million) for the losses due to non-materialised production. The average costs per 1 BSE-positive animal were CZK 7.08 million and the average costs per 1 cohort animal were CZK 49 331. In the rendering plant responsible for killing the infected and cohort animals and safely disposing of their carcasses, the total of 2 221 tons of raw material was processed between March 2003 and February 2008, and this cost CZK 9 315 thousand. The fact that there were only two cases of the BSE in 2007 and none in 2008 suggests a trend towards the disease eradication, which is in agreement with the situation in the other EU countries.
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Colomer-Rocher, F., D. M. Duganzich, and J. J. Bass. "Relationship between bone dimensions and conformation in beef carcasses." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (October 1986): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087207.
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SummaryFrom a mixed group of cross-bred steers slaughtered at the same age, up to 12 carcasses of similar weight from each of the five conformation classes were chosen using the European Economic Community (EEC) scale for the classification of carcasses of adult bovine animals. In the hindquarter of carcasses with better conformation the ratio of muscle to bone was higher with less internal fat and more subcutaneous fat, muscles were heavier and blockier, both the carcass and leg length were shorter. Short-thick muscles were associated with short-thick bones. The results indicate that the EEC scale is a useful method to discriminate between carcasses differing in composition. It is suggested that differences in muscle: bone ratio in cattle could reflect differences in the structure and shape of bones. The conclusions remain tentative until they are confirmed on a larger number of carcasses.
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Butler-Hogg, B. W., and I. D. Johnsson. "Bovine growth hormone in lambs: effects on carcass composition and tissue distribution in crossbred females." Animal Science 44, no. 1 (February 1987): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100028129.
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ABSTRACTThirty-two Dorset Down × Finn Dorset female lambs were reared from 8 to 20 weeks on an ad libitum concentrate diet. They comprised four groups of eight lambs, one on each of the following treatments: (1) control, no injections; (2) daily subcutaneous injection of 0-1 mg bovine pituitary growth hormone (bGH) per kg live weight; (3) daily subcutaneous injection of 1 mg bromocriptine mesilate (Br); (4) daily injections of both bGH and Br at the same rates as treatments (2) and (3).There were no important differences in carcass composition or tissue distribution between the +bGH and +bGH+Br lambs or between the control and +Br lambs. The +bGH lambs (+bGH and +bGH+Br lambs pooled) contained significantly greater proportions of lean and bone compared with the −bGH lambs (control and +Br lambs pooled). Although carcass composition was altered by bGH treatment, the distribution of individual tissues (lean, bone and fat) was not influenced significantly.Carcass quality was improved markedly by bGH treatment: subcutaneous fat depth was reduced and the area of the m. longissimus lumborum increased. +bGH carcasses would be ranked one fat class less on the Meat and Livestock Commission fatness scale than −bGH carcasses at the same carcass weight.
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Wieczorek, K., and J. Osek. "Simultaneous occurrence of selected food-borne bacterial pathogens on bovine hides, carcasses and beef meat." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-010-0001-8.
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Simultaneous occurrence of selected food-borne bacterial pathogens on bovine hides, carcasses and beef meat The aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous occurence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), and Campylobacter spp. in slaughtered cattle and in beef meat subjected for human consumption. A total of 406 bovine hides and 406 corresponding carcasses were used to collect the samples with a swab method after exsanguination and evisceration of animals, respectively. Furthermore, 362 beef meat samples were purchased in local retail shops over the same period of time as for the bovine samples. Food-borne bacterial pathogens were identified with standard ISO methods with some modification by the use of PCR for VTEC. The isolated bacteria were then molecularly speciated (Campylobacter), serotyped (L. monocytogenes) and characterized for the presence of several virulence marker genes (VTEC and Campylobacter). It was found that 49 hide (12.1%) and 3 (0.7%) carcass samples were contaminated with more than one bacterial pathogen tested. Most of the hides were positive for Campylobacter spp. and VTEC (27 samples) and Campylobacter spp. together with L. monocytogenes (12 samples). Eight bovine hides contained L. monocytogenes and VTEC while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were detected in one sample. Furthermore, 3 pathogens (Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and VTEC) were simultaneously identified in one bovine hide tested. In case of bovine carcasses 2 samples contained Campylobacter spp. and VTEC whereas one carcass was positive for L. monocytogenes and VTEC. On the other hand, 10 out of 362 (2.8%) minced beef samples were contaminated with at least two pathogens tested. The majority of these samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. (6 samples). It was noticed that equal number of C. jejuni and C. coli were found, irrespective of the origin of the samples. Most of the strains possessed more than one pathogenic factor as identified by PCR. Molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes revealed that the majority of the isolates (27 out of 31; 87.1%) belonged to 1/2a serogroup. It was found that most of the VTEC isolates possessed the Shiga toxin stx2 gene (12 strains) whereas only 2 strains were stx1-positive. The eneterohemolysin and intimin markers were identified only in 7 and 2 isolates, respectively. PCR analysis revealed that 4 VTEC belonged to O91 serogroup, 2 strains were O145 and 1 isolate was identified as O113. None of the VTEC detected in the study was O157 serogroup.
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Njoga, Emmanuel O., Stanley U. Ilo, Obichukwu C. Nwobi, Onyinye S. Onwumere-Idolor, Festus E. Ajibo, Chinwe E. Okoli, Ishmael F. Jaja, and James W. Oguttu. "Pre-slaughter, slaughter and post-slaughter practices of slaughterhouse workers in Southeast, Nigeria: Animal welfare, meat quality, food safety and public health implications." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 3, 2023): e0282418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282418.
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Background Pre-slaughter stress or the welfare condition of food-producing animals (FPAs) and the slaughter practices of slaughterhouse workers (SHWs) are critically important for the safety and quality of meats processed in slaughterhouses (SHs). Consequently, this study determined the pre-slaughter, slaughter, and post-slaughter (PSP) practices of SHWsin four SHs in Southeast, Nigeria; and discussed the impacts on meat quality and safety. Methods The PSP practices were determined by observation method. Additionally, a structured and validated closed-ended questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge of the SHWs on: the effects of poor welfare (preslaughter stress) on the quality and safety of meats produced, carcass/meat processing practices and modes of transmission of meat-borne zoonotic pathogens during carcass/meat processing. Finally, a systematic post-mortem inspection (PMI) was conducted on cattle, pigs and goats slaughtered, and economic losses accruable from condemned carcasses/meats were estimated. Results Food-producing animals were transported to the SHs or held in the lairage under inhumane conditions. A pig being conveyed to one of the SHs was seen gasping for air, as it was firmly tied on motorbike at the thoracic and abdominal regions. Fatigued cattle were forcefully dragged on the ground from the lairage to the killing floor. Cattle for slaughter were restrained, held in lateral recumbency and left groaning, due to extreme discomfort, for about one hour before slaughter. Stunning was not performed. Singed pig carcasses were dragged on the ground to the washing point. Although more than 50% of the respondents knew the modes of transmission of meat-borne zoonotic pathogens during meat processing, 71.3% of the SHWs processed carcasses on bare floor, 52.2% used same bowl of water to wash multiple carcasses while 72% did not wear personal protective equipment during meat/carcass processing. Processed meats were transported to meat shops in an unsanitary conditions, using open vans and tricycles. During the PMI, diseased carcasses/meats/organs were detected in 5.7% (83/1452), 2.1% (21/1006) and 0.8% (7/924) of the cattle, pig and goat carcasses inspected, respectively. Gross lesions pathognomonic of bovine tuberculosis, contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia, fascioliasis and porcine cysticercosis were detected. Consequently, 391,089.2 kg of diseased meat/organs valued at 978 million Naira (235, 030 USD) were condemned. There were significant associations (p < 0.05) between educational level and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during slaughterhouse operations and knowledge that FPAs can harbour zoonotic pathogens (p = < 0.001) transmissible during carcass processing. Similarly, significant association was observed between working experience and use of PPE; and between geographical location of the respondents and knowledge that zoonotic pathogens in animals are transmissible during carcass processing or via the food chain. Conclusion The findings show that slaughter practices of SHWs have detrimental impacts on the quality and safety of meats processed for human consumption in Southeast, Nigeria. These findings underscore the need to: improve the welfare condition of slaughter-animals, mechanise abattoir operations, train and retrain the SHWs on hygienic carcass/meat processing practices. There is a need to adopt strict enforcement of food safety laws to promote meat quality, food safety and consequently promote the health of the public.
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DICKSON, JAMES S. "Susceptibility of Preevisceration Washed Beef Carcasses to Contamination by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonellae†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.10.1065.
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Prerigor bovine cutaneous truncii muscle was subjected to a simulated preevisceration wash procedure 10 min after the hide was removed from the carcass. Five minutes after washing, the preevisceration washed tissue and unwashed control tissues were contaminated with a direct application of either fresh bovine manure or bovine manure which had been inoculated with five-strain mixtures of either Escherichia coli O157:H7 or salmonellae to simulate fecal contamination on a carcass. The manure which was inoculated with the bacteria had been previously irradiated to eliminate enterobacteriaceae. The contamination was allowed to adhere to the tissues for 10 min and then washed off with distilled water. Surface free energy of the preevisceration washed tissue was significantly lower than that of tissue which had not been subjected to preevisceration washing. Scanning electron micrographs of the tissue samples revealed plant material adhering to the surface of the control tissues, but not to the preevisceration washed tissues. Microbial populations of both total aerobic bacteria and enterobacteriaceae were approximately 0.7 log10 unit greater on the control tissue, in comparison to the preevisceration washed tissue. Preevisceration washing may be beneficial in reducing the susceptibility of animal carcasses to further contamination.
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PEPPERELL, RICHARD, CAROL-ANN REID, SILVIA NICOLAU SOLANO, MICHAEL L. HUTCHISON, LISA D. WALTERS, ALEXANDER M. JOHNSTON, and SAVA BUNCIC. "Experimental Comparison of Excision and Swabbing Microbiological Sampling Methods for Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.10.2163.
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Bovine sides, ovine carcasses, and porcine carcasses were individually inoculated by dipping in various suspensions of a marker organism (Escherichia coli K-12 or Pseudomonas fluorescens), alone or in combination with two meat-derived bacterial strains, and were sampled by two standard methods: cotton wet-dry swabbing and excision. The samples were examined for bacterial counts on plate count agar (PCA plate counts) and on violet red brilliant green agar (VRBGA plate counts) by standard International Organization for Standardization methods. Average bacterial recoveries by swabbing, expressed as a percentage of the appropriate recoveries achieved by excision, varied widely (2 to 100%). Several factors that potentially contributed to relatively low and highly variable bacterial recoveries obtained by swabbing were investigated in separate experiments. Neither the difference in size of the swabbed area (10, 50, or 100 cm2 on beef carcasses) nor the difference in time of swabbing (20 or 60 min after inoculation of pig carcasses) had a significant effect on the swabbing recoveries of the marker organism used. In an experiment with swabs preinoculated with the marker organism and then used for carcass swabbing, on average, 12% of total bacterial load was transferred inversely (i.e., from the swab to the carcass during the standard swabbing procedure). In another experiment, on average, 14% of total bacterial load was not released from the swab into the diluent during standard swab homogenization. Use of custom-made swabs with abrasive butts, around which metal pieces of pan scourers were wound, markedly increased PCA plate count recoveries from noninoculated lamb carcasses at commercial abattoirs compared with cotton swabs. In spite of the observed inferiority of the cotton wet-dry swabbing method compared with the excision method for bacterial recovery, the former is clearly preferred by the meat industry because it does not damage the carcass. Therefore, further large-scale evaluation of the two carcass sampling methods has been undertaken under commercial conditions and reported separately.
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DORSA, WARREN J., CATHERINE N. CUTTER, and GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA. "Long-Term Bacterial Profile of Refrigerated Ground Beef Made from Carcass Tissue, Experimentally Contaminated with Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria after Hot Water, Alkaline, or Organic Acid Washes†." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 1615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.12.1615.
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The effects of 2% (vol/vol) lactic acid (LA), 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid (AA), 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate (TSP), 72°C water (HW), and 32°C water (W) washes on bacterial populations which were introduced onto beef carcass surfaces after wash treatments were determined up to 21 days of storage at 4°C of packaged ground beef prepared from the treated and inoculated carcasses. Beef carcass necks were collected from cattle immediately after harvest and subjected to the above treatments or left untreated (control). Neck meat was then inoculated with low levels (ca. <2 log10) of Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sporogenes contained in a bovine fecal cocktail. In general, growth of these four bacteria, aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and pseudomonads was suppressed or not observed in the ground beef when LA, AA, or TSP treatments were used as compared to the untreated control. HW or W washes offered little suppression of growth of pathogens during subsequent storage of ground beef when these bacteria were introduced onto beef tissue posttreatment. Of the treatments used, a final LA or AA wash during the processing of beef carcasses offers the best residual efficacy for suppression of pathogen proliferation in ground beef during long-term refrigerated storage or short-term abusive temperature storage if these bacteria contaminate the carcass immediately after carcass processing.
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Sagawa, Roberta, Yron Moreira Rodrigues, Cristiane Alves Nascimento, Juliane Ribeiro, Monike da Silva Oliveira, Ana Carolina Muller Conti, and José Carlos Ribeiro Júnior. "Impact of the pre-slaughter period on the contamination of bovine leather and the operational sanitary procedure for skinning on the quality and microbiological safety of the carcass." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 4 (May 30, 2022): 1835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1835.
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Sanitary procedures are essential in cattle slaughter processes to minimize microbiological hazards from meat consumption. This study aimed to verify the influence of the pre-slaughter period and the correct execution of the operational sanitary procedure (OSP) for skinning in the breast region on the counts of indicator microorganisms and the occurrence of enteropathogens in the hides and carcasses of cattle. Forty-eight animals were evaluated and divided into 12 clusters, half of which were allowed 13 h of preslaughter rest, while the other half were allowed 23 h of pre-slaughter rest. The presence of microbiological indicators, including Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli, were evaluated in superficial samples of leather and carcass in which the OSP for skinning of the chest was performed either correctly or incorrectly. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of the pre-slaughter period on the counts of total coliforms, E. coli, enterobacteria, and mesophilic aerobics in the hide or carcass, although, in the carcasses, this difference was 93.4% for mesophilic aerobics and enterobacteria in the group of animals subjected to 23 h of rest compared to those subjected to 13 h of rest. Regarding the correct execution of the skinning OSP, there was also no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the indicator quantifications, but in relation to the presence of enteropathogens, it was possible to proportionally identify more EPEC and STEC in carcasses subjected to the wrong OSP, as it was only possible to identify Salmonella spp. and EHEC in carcasses subjected to the wrong OSP. The correct execution of the OSP for skinning incision in the chest region of the animal reduced the microbiological risk of the carcasses for the presence of enteropathogens and facilitated compliance with the microbiological standards for the carcass.
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CASTILLO, A., L. M. LUCIA, K. J. GOODSON, J. W. SAVELL, and G. R. ACUFF. "Use of Hot Water for Beef Carcass Decontamination." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.1.19.
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Hot water treatment of beef carcass surfaces for reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and various indicator organisms was studied using a model carcass spray cabinet. Paired hot carcass surface regions with different extemal fat characteristics (inside round, outside round, brisket, flank, and clod) were removed from carcasses immediately after the slaughter and dressing process. All cuts were inoculated with bovine feces containing 106/g each of rifampicin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium, or with uninoculated bovine feces. Surfaces then were exposed to a carcass water wash or a water wash followed by hot water spray (95°C). Counts of rifampicin-resistant Salmonella and E. coli or aerobic plate count (APC) and coliform counts were conducted before and after each treatment. All treatments significantly reduced levels of pathogens from the initial inoculation level of 5.0 log10 CFU/cm2. Treatments including hot water sprays provided mean reductions of initial counts for E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium of 3.7 and 3.8 log, APC reductions of 2.9 log, and coliform and thermotolerant coliform count reductions of 3.3 log. The efficacy of hot water treatments was affected by the carcass surface region, but not by delaying the treatment (30 min) after contaminating the surface. Verification of efficacy of hot water interventions used as critical control points in a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system may be possible using coliform counts.
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Raghib., M. Hassan, Chan Wai-Yee, and M. Owen Rennert. "Comparative biological availability of manganese from extrinsically labelled milk diets using sucking rats as a model." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 1 (January 1986): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860009.
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1. Very little is known about the biological availability of manganese from human milk and other infant milk diets. To determine the relative Mn availability, and to examine whether the age and the duration of previous fasting affect Mn absorption, sucking rats were given human milk, bovine milk and infant formula (regular Similac; Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH) extrinsically labelled with 54Mn.2. Milk diets were given by gastric intubation and the radioactivity of the carcass, liver and digestive tract was measured 3 h after feeding.3. The concentration of endogenous Mn was lowest in human milk (7–10 μg/l) and highest in rat milk (140–165 μg/l). Increasing the non-radioactive total Mn concentrations of either human milk or bovine milk up to 150 μg/l did not affect the absorption of 54Mn by 10-d-old rats.4. No significant (P> 0.05) difference in 54Mn absorption was found among the three milk diets (human milk, bovine milk, infant formula) in 8- to 11-d-old rats. However, significantly more (P< 0.05) 54Mn was absorbed from human milk and infant formula than from bovine milk when 13-d-old rats were used.5. 54Mn radioactivity detected in carcasses of 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-d-old rats ranged from 25 to 27% of the dose from various milk diets. The activities of 54Mn in the carcasses of 13-d-old rats were 15, 11, and 16% of the dose from human milk, bovine milk and infant formula respectively.6. The trend of 54Mn incorporation into liver was similar to that of the carcass and over 60% of the absorbed 54Mn was incorporated into the liver regardless of the type of milk used.7. Absorption of 54Mn from extrinsically labelled rat milk using 9- or 10-d-old sucking rats was similar to its absorption from infant formula.8. The absorption of 54Mn from the three milk diets decreased with age of the neonatal rats and 54Mn absorption from human milk, bovine milk, infant formula as well as rat milk was affected similarly by duration of previous fasting.
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Delazeri, Dailis, Heloísa Bertagnon, Melina A. Bonato, and Liliana L. Borges. "59 Autolized yeast reduces microbiological contamination of the carcass in steers finished in a feedlot." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.063.
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Abstract The use of feed additives based on yeast cell wall has already been studied to favor the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria to the detriment of pathogenic bacteria in ruminants. This fact reduces diarrhea, increases animal performance, and could promote lesser contamination of the bovine carcass at the time of slaughter, during the evisceration. The present study aims to verify if the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae autolyzed yeast (AY) reduces total coliforms and Escherichia coli in feces and bovine carcass. Therefore, 36 steers, ½ Angus blood, finished in a feedlot, were submitted to three daily treatments for 105 days: control (diet without yeast), AY 4g (4g/animal/day, 2 x 1010cel/g of a commercial product based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae RumenYeast®), AY 7g (7g/animal/day, RumenYeast®). On days 29 and 90, after beginning in the feedlot, samples of feces were collected for E. coli and total coliforms identifications and counting. On the day of slaughter, 4 points of the carcasses were collected to identify and quantify E. coli, total fecal coliforms, and mesophiles by a petrifilm methodology. There was a reduction in E. coli and total coliforms for the AY 7g in the fecal samples comparing to the other groups (P = 0.0008 and 0.008, respectively), and a trend to reduce E. coli, total coliforms and mesophilic aerobes in the bovine carcass in AY 4g and AY 7g, comparing to the control group (P = 0.06; 0.10, and 0.05, respectively). It was concluded that supplementation with autolyzed yeast, especially when utilized in higher doses (7g), reduced fecal excretion and, consequently, reduce the carcass contamination by E. coli, mesophiles, and, total coliforms in animals during the feedlot period.
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MASANA, M. O., B. A. D'ASTEK, P. M. PALLADINO, L. GALLI, L. L. DEL CASTILLO, C. CARBONARI, G. A. LEOTTA, E. VILACOBA, K. IRINO, and M. RIVAS. "Genotypic Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Beef Abattoirs of Argentina." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-189.
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The non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) contamination in carcasses and feces of 811 bovines in nine beef abattoirs from Argentina was analyzed during a period of 17 months. The feces of 181 (22.3%) bovines were positive for non-O157 STEC, while 73 (9.0%) of the carcasses showed non-O157 STEC contamination. Non-O157 STEC strains isolated from feces (227) and carcasses (80) were characterized. The main serotypes identified were O178:H19, O8:H19, O130:H11, and O113:H21, all of which have produced sporadic cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Argentina and worldwide. Twenty-two (7.2%) strains carried a fully virulent stx/eae/ehxA genotype. Among them, strains of serotypes O103:[H2], O145:NM, and O111:NM represented 4.8% of the isolates. XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern analysis showed 234 different patterns, with 76 strains grouped in 30 clusters. Nine of the clusters grouped strains isolated from feces and from carcasses of the same or different bovines in a lot, while three clusters were comprised of strains distributed in more than one abattoir. Patterns AREXSX01.0157, AREXBX01.0015, and AREXPX01.0013 were identified as 100% compatible with the patterns of one strain isolated from a hemolytic-uremic syndrome case and two strains previously isolated from beef medallions, included in the Argentine PulseNet Database. In this survey, 4.8% (39 of 811) of the bovine carcasses appeared to be contaminated with non-O157 STEC strains potentially capable of producing sporadic human disease, and a lower proportion (0.25%) with strains able to produce outbreaks of severe disease.
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De Oliveira, Janderson Ananias, Angelo Polizel Neto, Claudinele Cassia Bueno da Rosa, Natália Baldasso Fortuna, Andressa Groth, Rafael Dos Santos, Felipe Cecconelo Bento, and Helen Fernanda Barros Gomes. "Use of different cold water spray protocols on bovine carcasses during cooling and its effects on meat quality." Scientific Electronic Archives 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/14520211345.
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This study was designed to evaluate the cold-water spraying (2 °C) on bovine carcasses during cooling, and its effects on meat quality. In protocols I, II, and III, 60-second spraying cycles were performed 10 min apart, with every cycle lasting 13 h, 15 h, and 17 h, respectively. In protocol IV, a software-controlled refrigeration unit was used, determining the interval and duration of the spray cycles. Data evaluated by counting colony forming units before the cooling period and after 24 h of carcass cooling were carcass features, such as body weight at slaughter, warm and cold carcass weight, weight losses on cooling, pH, temperature, and microbiological quality. Meat samples were collected to evaluate the Musculus longissimus thoracis for color, fat thickness, losses on cooking, loss of exudation, and shearing force, shortly after boning, and after 14 days of maturation. The protocols were effective in controlling the weight loss during cooling. The 17-hour protocol presented weight loss similar to that of the software-controlled. No significant difference was observed for the shearing force (kgF) evaluated in the same maturation period. The protocols tested did not create a favorable environment for the growth of psychrotrophic and enterobacteria in the evaluated carcasses. The use of the spray contributes to the reduction of mesophiles after 24 h of cooling. Differences between the results of the protocols for losses on exudation, losses on cooking, and color were observed, and the software-controlled protocol presented the highest loss values due to exudation, cooking, and luminosity.
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CAMARGO, ANDERSON CARLOS, ANDREA LAFISCA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS COUTINHO COSSI, FREDERICO GERMANO PISCITELLI ALVARENGA LANNA, MARIANE REZENDE DIAS, PAULO SÉRGIO de ARRUDA PINTO, and LUÍS AUGUSTO NERO. "Low Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes on Bovine Hides and Carcasses in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-434.
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Listeria monocytogenes occurrence was assessed in three slaughterhouses located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, by analysis of 209 bovine carcasses. Four sponge samples were obtained from each carcass in different steps (A, from hide, before bleeding; B, after hide removal; C, after evisceration; and D, after end washing), resulting in a total of 836 samples. The samples were tested for the presence of L. monocytogenes according to the International Organization for Standardization 11290-1, and positive results were recorded in steps A (1 of 209) and D (1 of 209) from slaughterhouse 03. L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 5) were identified by multiplex PCR as belonging to serogroup IIc (representing serotypes 1/2c or 3c) and presented identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles; in addition, the isolates harbored the virulence genes inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA, hlyA, actA, and iap and were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. The obtained data indicated a low occurrence of L. monocytogenes on bovine hides and carcasses from slaughterhouses located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and the presence of distinct virulence makers and susceptibility to a variety of antimicrobials by the obtained isolates.
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Wieczorek, Kinga, and Jacek Osek. "Prevalence and characterisation of Salmonella in slaughtered cattle and beef in Poland." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2013-0103.
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Abstract A total of 1229 samples, including 406 bovine hides and 406 corresponding carcasses at the slaughter level, as well as 417 beef meat from local supermarkets, were tested for the presence of Salmonella sp. Eighteen (1.5%) samples were positive for the target microorganism, and the highest prevalence (2.2%) was found in meat, followed by carcasses (1.2%) and hides (1.0%). Among the isolated strains, Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis (six isolates) and Schleissheim (six strains), followed by Dublin (four contaminated samples) were the most predominant. The antimicrobial resistance analysis against nine antimicrobials with the MIC technique revealed that most isolates were sensitive to all antibacterial agents. However, one S. Typhimurium of carcass origin was multidrug resistant, and displayed the resistance to four antimicrobials, i.e. ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulphametoxazole. Furthermore, one S. Enteritidis (from carcasses), two S. Dublin (of beef origin), and one S. London (from meat) strains were resistant to sulphametoxazole. The restriction enzyme analysis with XbaI resulted in eight different PFGE types. The obtained results suggest that cattle may be an underestimated source of pathogenic Salmonella for consumers.
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MYLLYKOSKI, J., M. LINDSTRÖM, R. KETO-TIMONEN, H. SÖDERHOLM, J. JAKALA, H. KALLIO, A. SUKURA, and H. KORKEALA. "Type C bovine botulism outbreak due to carcass contaminated non-acidified silage." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 2 (July 7, 2008): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000939.
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SUMMARYThe first reported bovine botulism outbreak in Finland is described. Nine out of 90 cattle on a dairy farm died after being fed non-acidified silage contaminated by animal carcasses. Type C botulinum neurotoxin gene was detected in one heifer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the neurotoxin was detected by the mouse bioassay.Clostridium botulinumtype C was isolated from liver samples. The isolated strain was identified with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis as group IIIC. botulinum. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a type C bovine botulism outbreak has been diagnosed by PCR and confirmed by subsequent isolation and AFLP identification of the disease strain. The importance of the acidification process in silage production to inhibitC. botulinumtoxin production in silage and thus to prevent further botulism outbreaks is emphasized. Nevertheless, preformed toxin in the carcass is not destroyed by acid.
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SIRAGUSA, GREGORY R., CATHERINE N. CUTTER, WARREN J. DORSA, and MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE. "Use of a Rapid Microbial ATP Bioluminescence Assay to Detect Contamination on Beef and Pork Carcasses†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.7.770.
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A new microbial ATP bioluminescence assay was shown to be an accurate and rapid method to determine the levels of generic bacterial contamination on beef (n = 400 and pork (n = 320) carcasses sampled in commercial processing plants. Based on in vitro fecal dilution studies, the rapid microbial ATP (R-mATP) assay is as accurate as the standard plate count method for estimating bacteria in bovine or porcine fecal samples. The correlations (r) between the R-mATP assay and the standard aerobic plate count for beef and pork carcasses sampled in commercial processing were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. A segmented-model statistical approach to determine the lower limits of assay sensitivity was developed. By using this model to analyze the in-plant data, the R-mATP test responded in a linear fashion to levels of microbial contamination of > log10 2.0 aerobic CFU/cm2 on beef carcasses and of > log10 3.2 aerobic CFU/cm2 for pork carcasses. The R-mATP assay requires approximately 5 min to complete, including sampling. Given the rapidity and accuracy of the assay, processors interested in monitoring critical control points in the slaughter process could potentially use the R-mATP assay to monitor microbiological prevention and intervention procedures for minimizing carcass contamination.
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Dutta, Sushil Kumar, Muntaz Khan, P.R.S. Nagi, Santosh Durgam, and Surabhi Dutta. "Recovery of vulture population in roosting and scavenging areas of Bastar and Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 13 (November 26, 2021): 19956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7446.13.13.19956-19963.
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Chhattisgarh is home to seven of the nine vulture species in India. One reason for this high vulture diversity is the presence of large herds of bovines numbering over 11 million individuals (ratio of human to bovine population is approximately 0.38), from which carcasses are disposed off in the open for scavengers. The late 1990s saw large scale decimation of vulture population, and since then there have been few studies with no sighting estimates available. In this study, concurrent sighting records were collected from different locations of southern Chhattisgarh and corroborated to develop conservative sighting estimates for sympatric populations of Gyps bengalensis and Gyps indicus. We present the first report on population recovery, with an estimated 30–35 Gyps bengalensis & 20–25 Gyps indicus in/ around Rudraram of Bijapur and 18 Gyps bengalensis & five Gyps indicus at Jamguda village of Bastar. Krishna Swami Gutta hill is identified as a nesting-roosting habitat for both species, for which six scavenging areas were identified in Bastar and Bijapur districts. The human/bovine population ratio for Bastar is 0.4, similar to the state ratio, while in Bijapur the ratio is 1.07, which justifies considering Bijapur as a conservation refuge. The few vultures that survived the diclofenac catastrophe in wild habitats most likely consumed wildlife carcasses that sustained a residual population. In these areas, the age-old practise of disposing off dead domesticated bovines away from settlements near reserve forests may also have supported the recovery of vulture population.
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Berry, Elaine D., and Catherine N. Cutter. "Effects of Acid Adaptation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Efficacy of Acetic Acid Spray Washes To Decontaminate Beef Carcass Tissue." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1493-1498.2000.
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ABSTRACT Exposure to low pH and organic acids in the bovine gastrointestinal tract may result in the induced acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other pathogens that may subsequently contaminate beef carcasses. The effect of acid adaptation of E. coli O157:H7 on the ability of acetic acid spray washing to reduce populations of this organism on beef carcass tissue was examined. Stationary-phase acid resistance and the ability to induce acid tolerance were determined for a collection of E. coliO157:H7 strains by testing the survival of acid-adapted and unadapted cells in HCl-acidified tryptic soy broth (pH 2.5). Three E. coli O157:H7 strains that were categorized as acid resistant (ATCC 43895) or acid sensitive (ATCC 43890) or that demonstrated inducible acid tolerance (ATCC 43889) were used in spray wash studies. Prerigor beef carcass surface tissue was inoculated with bovine feces containing either acid-adapted or unadapted E. coliO157:H7. The beef tissue was subjected to spray washing treatments with water or 2% acetic acid or left untreated. For strains ATCC 43895 and 43889, larger populations of acid-adapted cells than of unadapted cells remained on beef tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments and these differences remained throughout 14 days of 4°C storage. For both strains, numbers of acid-adapted cells remaining on tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments were similar to numbers of both acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on tissue following water treatments. For strain ATCC 43890, there was no difference between populations of acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on beef tissue immediately following 2% acetic acid treatments. These data indicate that adaptation to acidic conditions by E. coli O157:H7 can negatively influence the effectiveness of 2% acetic acid spray washing in reducing the numbers of this organism on carcasses.
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SIRAGUSA, GREGORY R., and CATHERINE N. CUTTER. "Microbial ATP Bioluminescence as a Means to Detect Contamination on Artificially Contaminated Beef Carcass Tissue†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.7.764.
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The use of microbial ATP bioluminescence was evaluated as a means to rapidly detect gross microbial contamination from feces on bovine-carcass surface tissue (BCT). Microbial ATP was selectively distinguished from nonmicrobial ATP by the assay procedure used. Regression analyses of microbial ATP and viable count scatterplots showed lean and adipose BCT artificially contaminated with bovine feces had the same regression line parameters (P < 0.05), and therefore, the microbial ATP responses were similar for both tissue types. Correlation coefficients (r) of these regression lines were >0.90 for both tissue types. Results indicated that swab samples can be held at 5°C for up to 6 h without compromising microbial ATP bioluminescence assay results. The microbial ATP bioluminescence assay shows potential for use as a means to rapidly detect fecal contamination on red meat carcasses and to gauge decontamination effectiveness and hence could monitor critical control points in a processing-plant HACCP plan.
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Nour, A. Y. M., and M. L. Thonney. "Carcass, soft tissue and bone composition of early and late maturing steers fed two diets in two housing types and serially slaughtered over a wide weight range." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 2 (October 1987): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080771.
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SummarySeventy-one small-framed Angus and seventy-four Holstein steers were chosen to represent small and large mature types in a study designed to provide quantitative information on the effect of breed, diet and housing type on composition of carcasses from cattle slaughtered serially over a wide weight range. Within breed, steers were individually fed ad libitum either a maize-grain or a maize-silage diet and assigned randomly to one of two housing types. The effects of treatments on response variables with increasing carcass weight were tested by covariance analysis.The rate of change of soft tissue chemical composition with increasing carcass weight was not influenced by diet, breed mature size or housing type except for ash which decreased at a faster rate in Angus than in Holstein steers. Percentages of water, protein and ash decreased while lipid increased with increasing carcass weight. At any carcass weight, Angus had more lipid and less water in soft tissue. Percentages of soft tissue protein and ash were affected by diet within breed. The energy content of soft tissue increased with weight and was affected only by breed. Angus soft tissue had more energy than that of Holsteins. Similar results were obtained when the entire carcass was analysed.Cattle fed grain had slightly more water and less ash in bone than cattle fed silage. Angus steers had more protein and ash in bone than Holsteins. Although there was a diet × breed × housing type interaction for lipid content of bone, Holstein bone had higher lipid content than Angus bone for either diet or type of housing. All percentages of chemical components in bone, except water, increased with increasing carcass weight.The experiment showed that large mature-size breeds have the ability to transform a high-energy diet into protein for human consumption. The percentage changes in ash, protein and lipid with increasing carcass weight appeared to follow a pattern of development similar to bone, muscle and fat, respectively, suggesting that Hammond's theory of differential growth holds also for chemical components of bovine carcasses. Bone chemical components, however, had a slightly different developmental pattern. The quantitative information on bone presented herein could be used to exploit bone as a source of human food, dietary supplements and products for bone remodelling surgery.
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POWER, CHRISTINE A., SCOTT A. MCEWEN, ROGER P. JOHNSON, MOHAMED M. SHOUKRI, KRIS RAHN, MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS, and STEPHANIE A. De GRANDIS. "Repeatability of the Petrifilm™ HEC Test and Agreement with a Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filtration Method for the Enumeration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Beef Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.4.402.
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The Petrifilm™ HEC test (3M Canada Inc., London, Ontario), a quantitative microbiological test for Escherichia coli O157:H7, was evaluated for its performance as a beef-carcass monitoring test. Test repeatability and agreement with an E. coli O157:H7 detection method using a hydrophobic grid membrane filter (HGMF) overlaid onto cefixime–tellurite–sorbitol MacConkey agar (CT-SMAC) followed by a latex agglutination test for the O157 antigen were determined by using pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7, beef samples experimentally contaminated with bovine feces containing E. coli O157:H7, and naturally contaminated beef carcasses of unknown E. coli O157:H7 status from a local abattoir. The Petrifilm™ HEC test showed excellent repeatability and excellent agreement with the HGMF–CT-SMAC method when test samples were obtained from pure cultures and experimentally contaminated meat. All 125 naturally contaminated beef carcasses surveyed were negative for E. coli O157:H7 with both microbial methods. The Petrifilm™ HEC test, however, demonstrated a significantly lower proportion of cross-reactive organisms (false-positive reactions) than the HGMF–CT-SMAC method. Given the performance of this test coupled with its ease of use and compact size, it shows considerable promise for carcass testing where abattoir laboratory facilities are limited and as a substitute for more complex laboratory testing methods used in established laboratories.
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Souza, Ederson Alves de, Paulo Henrique Gilio Gasparotto, Rodrigo Lopes Medeiros, Alini Osowski, Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho, José Ivaldo de Siqueira Silva Júnior, Maria das Dores Silva Araújo, Jomel Francisco dos Santos, and Luiz Donizete Campeiro Junior. "Condenação de carcaças por tuberculose bovina em um abatedouro frigorífico sob Sistema de Inspeção Federal (SIF) na região central de Rondônia – Brasil." Revista Agraria Academica 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v5n4/2022/88-96/agrariacad.
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Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of bovine tuberculosis, being one of the main zoonoses that have a great economic and public health impact. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in carcasses through post mortem inspection in a slaughterhouse under the Federal Inspection System (SIF) located in the central region of Rondônia. The total number of slaughtered cattle, carcasses condemned for tuberculosis, the quarterly average and the total average of bovine tuberculosis occurrence were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The occurrence of lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis in carcasses in the slaughterhouse studied confirms the importance of inspection and inspection of meat.
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Kurcubic, Vladimir, Radojica Djokovic, Zoran Ilic, Nikola Vaskovic, and Milos Petrovic. "Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC): A review of lung lesions and reducing of quality of carcasses." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 3 (2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1903209k.
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Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the biggest health problem of the cattle industry globally due to the high prevalence and economic consequences which arise due to numerous reasons. Huge economic losses are most often attributed to high morbidity and mortality, reduction of Average Daily Gain (ADG) and food utilization, weight loss, lower quality of carcasses and comprehensive measures of prophylaxis and therapy. BRDC commonly observed throughout the feedlot phase due to the stress factors. Predisposing factors divided didactic on environmental (inclement weather conditions, inadequate humidity and dust), host factors (age, sex, race, genetics, immune status) and stressful management practices (transportation, nutritional stress, metabolic disease, high density of animals, handling, castration, dehorning). In complex etiopathogenesis, in addition to the aforementioned predisposing factors, numerous viral and bacterial agents are involved. Gross lung lesions are most commonly observed in cattle slaughter or autopsies (visible to the naked eye) occur as a result of pneumonia. It is the result of an infection by the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) alone or in combination with one another, as well the common bacterial pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Micrococcus spp. Numerous studies have pointed to the detrimental effects on performance and carcass characteristics.
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Bermukhametov, Zh Zh, O. V. Tomaruk, K. U. Suleymanova, and R. M. Rychshanova. "BOVINE SARCOCYSTOSIS IN KOSTANAY REGION." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY : Veterinary sciences, no. 2(002) (June 13, 2023): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatuvc.2023.2(002).1428.
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This article presents the results of the prevalence of sarcocystis invasion of cat-tle in the Kostanay region. The selection of cattle muscles and morphological studies were carried out from January to April 2023. In total, 100 carcasses, including 75 carcasses of bulls aged 2-3 years and 25 carcasses from cows aged 7-9 years, were examined at the slaughterhouses of the city of Kostanay, where cattle for slaughter come from different districts of the Kostanay region. During visual veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses, macrocysts were not found. Microscopy of 300 samples of muscle tissue was carried out to determine the contamination of carcasses. During the research, it was found that sarcocysts were found in the muscles of steers and cows. The localization sites, shape, size of sarcocysts and their intensity were studied. According to morphological features the cysts correspond to the description of Sarcocystis bovicanis (S.cruzi).
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Reyes-Rodriguez, Nydia Edith, Jeannette Barba-León, Armando Navarro-Ocaña, Vicente Vega-Sanchez, Fabian Ricardo Gómez De Anda, Juan Martin Talavera-Gonzalez, and Martin Talavera-Rojas. "Serotipos y aislamientos de Escherichia coli productora del subtipo Stx2 de la toxina Shiga provenientes de canales y heces de ganado bovino." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 1030–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5049.
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Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) is an important pathogen responsible for foodborne illness, this have been related with epidemic outbreaks in the past, mainly because of consumption of bovine meat. The objective of this study was identify the serotypes and Stx2 subtypes and associate them with their possible epidemiology. There were analyzed a total of 65 isolates from the collection of the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, from carcasses and feces of bovines at three different Municipal slaughterhouses. The identification of Stx2 gene by PCR at final point, sequencing and analyzed with the help of BLAST software. There were found O157:H7, O70:H16, O91:H10, O112ac:H2, O128ac:H26 serotypes, which have been reported to be present at infectious outbreaks previously by foodborne worldwide; 63.07% (41/65) of the Escherichia coli strains got amplified for Stx2 and after BLAS analysis it was confirmed its presence and a hypothetic protein. The presence of this serotypes in combination with different subtype’s, Stx2a, Stx2c, Stx2d, in carcasses and feces of bovine in must be considered as a potential risk for diseases an important problem of the public health.
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ELLIES-OURY, M. P., Y. DURAND, A. E. DELAVIGNE, B. PICARD, D. MICOL, and R. DUMONT. "Objectivation de la notion de grain de viande et perspectives d’utilisation pour évaluer la tendreté des viandes de bovins Charolais." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 5 (December 12, 2014): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.5.3082.
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L'évaluation du « grain de viande » est une appréciation subjective, utilisée par certains chevillards et bouchers pour sélectionner et orienter les carcasses, un grain extrêmement fin étant synonyme de qualité. Pour évaluer la pertinence de cette notion quatre études ont permis i) d’objectiver la notion de grain de viande par une approche ethnologique, ii) de formaliser ce savoir-faire dans une grille de notation en vif et en carcasse, iii) d’évaluer les propriétés physicochimiques des quatre muscles utilisés par les experts pour juger une carcasse, et iv) d’évaluer l’existence d’un lien entre l’évaluation du grain de viande et la qualité sensorielle des viandes. Les seize indicateurs consignés dans la grille établie sur la carcasse sont répétables et facilement utilisables en abattoir. Sur le muscle longissimus thoracis, les grains fins ont été caractérisés par des teneurs en lipides intramusculaires significativement plus faibles que les grains grossiers, conduisant à des notes d’intensité de flaveur également significativement plus faibles, mais sans répercussions sur les notes de jutosité. Il n’est pas apparu de différence significative de tendreté entre les muscles à grains fins et grossiers. Au niveau physicochimique, le grain fin a été associé à des muscles nécessitant une moindre force de cisaillement sur la viande cuite et présentant une moindre teneur en collagène, sans différence sur sa solubilité, laissant supposer un effet favorable sur les propriétés sensorielles. Les écarts sont cependant très dépendants du muscle étudié et méritent d’être confirmés à plus grande échelle.
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Orbell, G. M. B., S. Young, and J. S. Munday. "Cutaneous Sarcoids in Captive African Lions Associated With Feline Sarcoid-Associated Papillomavirus Infection." Veterinary Pathology 48, no. 6 (December 17, 2010): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810391111.
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Solitary and multiple cutaneous and mucocutaneous masses were identified in 5 of 24 captive African lions ( Panthera leo) over a 6-month-period. All masses were surgically excised, and all were histologically similar to equine and feline sarcoids. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA sequences that had been previously detected in feline sarcoids and clinically normal bovine skin. All lions had been fed a diet that included bovine carcasses that had not been skinned. Since the cessation of feeding bovine carcasses with cutaneous lesions, no additional skin lesions have been observed within any of the lions. Herein is described the clinical, gross, and histopathological findings of sarcoids in 5 captive lions. As the causative papillomavirus most likely has a bovine definitive host, it is hypothesized that the lions were exposed to the virus by feeding on bovine carcasses with skin still attached.
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Cánovas, Angela, Pablo A. S. Fonseca, Stephanie D. McKay, and Juan F. F. Medrano. "27 Evaluating the Functional Differences at Genome, Transcriptome and Methylome Level between ARS-UCD1.2 and UMD 3.1 Bovine Reference Genomes." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.027.
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Abstract Crossbred beef steers, n = 5,140; 352 ± 5.45 kg initial body weight (BW) were used to evaluate chromium propionate supplementation to yearling steers in a commercial feedyard. Cattle were blocked by arrival date and initial BW and assigned randomly to pen within block; pens were randomly assigned to treatment within block. Treatments, replicated in 15 pens per treatment with 130 to 250 steers per pen, included: 1) control (CTL), 0 mg supplemental Cr/kg dietary dry matter (DM); 2) chromium (CR) 0.50 mg supplemental Cr/kg dietary DM (4.9 mg/d; chromium propionate; KemTRACE Chromium 0.4%, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA). Final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and gain efficiency (G:F) did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.26). Dry matter intake was greater for CR than CTL, 8.61 kg. vs. 8.49 kg, respectively (P = 0.03). Hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, ribeye area, and 12th-rib-fat were not different for CTL or CR (P ≥ 0.12). The percentage of carcasses camera grading choice or better was greater (P = 0.04) for CR (51.2%) than CTL (48%), and the percentage of select carcasses was less (P = 0.01) for CR (41.5%) than CTL (45.5%). Yield grade distribution did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.26). There was no difference (P ≥ 0.36) in overall morbidity (7.75%), or total mortality (1.43%) between treatments. Steers fed CR had higher quality carcasses, and similar G:F and HCW to CTL.
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Nkrumah, J. D., C. Li, J. B. Basarab, S. Guercio, Y. Meng, B. Murdoch, C. Hansen, and S. S. Moore. "Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the bovine leptin gene with feed intake, feed efficiency, growth, feeding behaviour, carcass quality and body composition." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-033.
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Leptin is a 16-kDa-hormone product of the obese gene synthesized and expressed predominantly by adipose tissues, which has been shown to play major roles in the regulation of body weight, feed intake, energy balance, fertility, and immune system functions. We report an investigation into the association of a previously identified cytosine to thymine missense mutation in exon 2 of the bovine leptin gene with feed intake, feed efficiency, growth, feeding behaviour, carcass quality and body composition in five genetic selection lines of a commercial population of beef cattle. Differences among genotypes in growth, feed intake and feed efficiency were not significant (P > 0.10) though steers homozygous for the thymine allele had positive residual feed intake (i.e., consumed more feed than expected) (+ 0.19 kg d-1) whilst steers homozygous for the cytosine allele had negative residual feed intake (-0.18 kg d-1). Steers carrying the thymine allele had a higher rate of gain in ultrasound backfat (P = 0.02), ultrasound backfat thickness (P = 0. 06), higher carcass grade fat (backfat) (P = 0.005), lower yield grade (P = 0.01) and lower lean meat yield (P = 0.007). The thymine allele also tended to be associated with higher loin subcutaneous fat (P = 0.07) and was associated with higher brisket subcutaneous fat (P = 0.01), and brisket body cavity fat (P = 0.0001). No associations were found among the different genotypes and real-time ultrasound marbling, ultrasound longissimus thoracis area, carcass marbling and carcass longissimus thoracis area (P > 0.10). Our results show that animals carrying the thymine allele versus the cytosine allele may produce carcasses with poorer grades and lower lean meat yields but do not differ in carcass marbling or other fat depots. Key words: Beef cattle, leptin, feed intake, carcass merit
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Fordyce, G., ME Goddard, R. Tyler, G. Williams, and MA Toleman. "Temperament and bruising of Bos indicus cross cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850283.
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This experiment investigated the temperaments of 232 Bos indicus cross steers and the relationship between temperament and bruising in bovine carcasses. The temperament of each animal was assessed while held in a race by rating the vigour of movement and the degree of audible respiration when handled about the head and shoulders. These scores and scores for other behaviours were combined to form a temperament score for each animal. The five groups of steers used varied significantly in temperament (P< 0.01); this was considered to be primarily a function of their previous handling experience. There was a significant negative correlation between temperament score and liveweight (P < 0.01). In this group of relatively quiet steers no significant relationship between temperament and carcass bruising at slaughter was found.
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GUERINI, MICHAEL N., JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC, and MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE. "Rapid Enrichment Strategy for Isolation of Listeria from Bovine Hide, Carcass, and Meat Samples†." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.1.53.
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Since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. Effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of E. coli O157:H7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods for surveillance of Salmonella. In keeping with the need to continually improve the food safety of beef products, new work investigating pathogen prevalence now includes surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) has been documented as a robust nonselective medium for the enrichment of both E. coli and Salmonella from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. The University of Vermont modification medium is most often used as the primary enrichment medium for surveillance of Listeria spp. In this study, samples from bovine hides (n = 50), preevisceration carcasses (n = 50), and beef trim (n = 193) were used to evaluate TSB as a primary enrichment medium for the isolation of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes. No significant difference (P > 0.05) between TSB and the University of Vermont modification medium was observed when all three sample types underwent primary enrichment for the isolation of Listeria spp. Furthermore, the standard secondary enrichment ratio for Fraser broth used for Listeria recovery can be modified to accommodate a high-throughput method for processing multiple samples.
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DORSA, WARREN J., CATHERINE N. CUTTER, and GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA. "Long-Term Effect of Alkaline, Organic Acid, or Hot Water Washes on the Microbial Profile of Refrigerated Beef Contaminated with Bacterial Pathogens after Washing†." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.3.300.
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The effect of 2% (vol/vol) lactic acid, 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid, 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate, water at 72°C and water at 32°C washes on bacterial populations introduced onto beef carcass surfaces after treatment was determined for up to 21 days at 4°C in storage in vacuum packaging. Beef carcass short plates were collected from cattle immediately after slaughter and subjected to the above treatments or left untreated (C). Short plates were then inoculated with low levels (ca. <2 log10) of Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sporogenes cells contained in a bovine fecal cocktail. In general, growth of these four bacteria and of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and pseudomonads was suppressed or not observed when lactic acid or acetic acid treatments were used. Bacteria introduced to trisodium phosphate-treated tissue underwent some growth suppression, but to a lesser extent than on acid-treated tissue, and in some cases grew as well as on untreated beef surfaces. Water washes at 72 or 32°C offered little growth suppression of pathogens during subsequent storage when these bacteria were introduced to beef tissue after treatment. The use of a final lactic or acetic acid wash during the Processing of beef carcasses offers some residual efficacy in suppressing pathogen proliferation during refrigerated storage, should these bacteria be introduced immediately after carcass processing.
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Vecerek, V., A. Kozak, M. Malena, B. Tremlova, and P. Chloupek. "Veterinary meat inspection of bovine carcasses in theCzechRepublic during the period of 1995–2002." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 7 (March 30, 2012): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5768-vetmed.
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The results of veterinary meat inspection classification of 4 000 372 bovine carcasses reflect long-term aspects of health status in cattle herds and the quality of transport and handling of animals at slaughterhouses. Veterinary inspectors recorded the data obtained from meat inspection classification of bovine carcasses at slaughterhouses in the CzechRepublicduring the period of 1995–2002 together with the reasons for classification. The trends were evaluated by a comparison of two periods (Period I, 1995–1998, and Period II, 1999–2002) by means of calculating the indexes of values from Period II compared to those of Period I. Bovine carcasses classified as capable for human consumption (edible) were found in 87.87% of cases (88.83% during Period I and 86.58% during Period II, index 0.97), while those classified as capable for processing (conditionally edible) were found in 7.53% of cases (7.38% during Period I and 7.71% during Period II, index 1.04), and those condemned in 4.60% of cases (3.79% during Period I and 5.71% during Period II, index 1.51). The most important reason for classifying the carcasses as condemned was the finding of sensorial changes in meat, which occurred in 2.56% of cases (2.23% during Period I and 3.00% during Period II, index 1.35), followed by lesions due to non-infectious diseases – 1.00% (0.81% during Period I and 1.25% during Period II, index 1.53), added deleterious substances – 0.88% (0.60% during Period I and 1.27% during Period II, index 2.11), lesions due to respiratory infections – 0.03% (0.02% during Period I and 0.04% during Period II, index 1.74), and lesions due to miscellaneous infectious diseases – 0.10% (0.10% during Period I and 0.10% during Period II, index 1.05). Other reasons to condemn the carcasses included improper identification, lesions due to digestive infections, lesions due to tuberculosis, lesions due to paratuberculosis, lesions due to salmonellosis, leucosis and parasitic diseases. The occurrence of these conditions was on the level of mere hundredths of per cent. According to the results of meat inspection classification, the risk of food-borne diseases originating from bovine carcasses tends to be greater in the lesions due to non-infectious conditions with a long-term increasing trend. A considerable increase in the numbers of bovine carcasses condemned because of lesions due to paratuberculosis (index 4.62) represents an alarming finding with regard to potential food safety hazards.
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Wysok, B., J. Uradziński, and J. Wojtacka. "Determination of the cytotoxic activity of Campylobacter strains isolated from bovine and swine carcasses in north-eastern Poland." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0075.
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Abstract The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxin production by Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered cattle and swine in north-eastern Poland. In total three commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during one year. Carcass swabs were taken to detect the level of Campylobacter spp. contamination. Campylobacter spp. was found in 50 (34%) out of 147 swine carcasses examined. PCR analysis revealed 4 (8%) isolates to be C. jejuni, and 46 (92%) to be C. coli. From a total of 373 bovine carcasses, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (13.1%) samples. The results regarding the occurrence of cdt genes associated with cytotoxicity indicated that 100% of C. jejuni and 67.4% C. coli obtained from pigs had all three cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes. In case of C. jejuni strains isolated from cattle all cdt genes were confirmed in 93.9% isolates. The isolates possessesing all cdt genes had higher cytotoxic activity against cell lines used. The isolates both from cattle and swine were characterized by the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. The values obtained reached 80.8% for C. jejuni isolates from cattle and 76.2% for C. jejuni and 69.0% for C. coli isolates from swine. High prevalence of cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. indicates a significant epidemiological role of this pathogen in human infections.
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Silva, Welligton Conceição da, Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo, Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva, Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva, Márcio Luiz Repolho Picanço, Maria Roseane Pereira dos Santos, Cláudio Vieira de Araújo, et al. "Perspectives of economic losses due to condemnation of cattle and buffalo carcasses in the northern region of Brazil." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 4, 2023): e0285224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285224.
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The work aims to study the economical losses of the condemnation of bovine and buffalo carcasses, in order to estimate the losses in animals slaughtered in Santarém-Pará, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018, with data obtained from the Municipal Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Sex, age, origin, total number of animals slaughtered and causes of condemnation of carcasses were considered. All analyzes were performed in RStudio version 1.1.463. In this study, 71,277 bovine carcasses and 2,016 buffalo carcasses were inspected, of which 300 bovine and 71 buffalo were condemned. The highest prevalence of causes of condemnation in cattle was recorded for brucellosis (0.0020%) and tuberculosis (0.0019%). In buffaloes, tuberculosis (0.0307%) peritonitis (0,0019%) were the main causes of condemnations. Economical losses were more evident in females, for both species. The projection of economical losses related to the condemnation of carcasses showed a sharp growth for the next three years, if the average growth remains constant. The biggest projected loss was for bovine females, with an accumulated projection of $ 5,451.44. The smallest estimated loss was for buffalo males, projected at more than thirty-two thousand reais. The most important causes of condemnation report the diseases brucellosis and tuberculosis, as the ones with the greatest impact. In the buffalo species this was even more accentuated, even though the number of buffaloes slaughtered is more than 35 times smaller than the number of cattle.
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Zhou, G. L., Y. Cao, Y. Z. Xin, Y. F. Song, and H. G. Jin. "Alternative polyadenylation and polymorphisms of 3'untranslated regions of bovine BBOX1 gene." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 5 (April 26, 2018): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/105/2016-cjas.
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l-Carnitine, a key element in fatty acid metabolism and energy production, is biosynthesized from gamma-butyro-betaine by the catalysis of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX1). We cloned three different 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) alternative polyadenylation (APA) transcripts of the BBOX1 gene with different 3'UTR length (GenBank Accession Nos. KX431577, KX431578, KX431579). Two polymorphisms, NM_001101881.2: g.1797_1798insTGC and g.1935T>C, were revealed in 3'UTR of BBOX1 gene. They created or disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease BbvI and HincII, respectively. Moreover, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g.1935T>C can create or disrupt polyadenylation signals PAS3 resulting in the presence of APA3 transcript variant. Marker-trait association analyses showed that the BBOX1-BbvI and BBOX1-HincII loci were significantly associated with muscle fibre diameter, shear force, net meat weight, and carcass weight (P < 0.01). Moreover, we also found a significant association of combined genotypes with cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force, net meat weight, and carcass weight (P < 0.01). The results of this study provide the evidence that polymorphisms in BBOX1 gene are associated with meat quality and carcass traits in Chinese Red cattle, and may be used as a candidate for marker assisted selection in beef cattle breeding program.
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Asakura, Hiroshi, Kazuya Masuda, Shigeki Yamamoto, and Shizunobu Igimi. "Molecular Approach for Tracing Dissemination Routes of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliO157 in Bovine Offal at Slaughter." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/739139.
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Bovine offal is currently recognized as one of the sources of human Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) infection in Japan. Here, the prevalence and genetic characterization of STEC O157 in bovine feces, offal, and carcasses at slaughtering were examined between July and October in 2006. STEC O157 was detected in 31 of 301 cattle feces (10.3%) delivered from 120 farms. Simultaneously, 60 bovine-originated offal (tongue, liver, and omasum) and carcasses were randomly selected and the detection of O157 STEC was examined as well. STEC O157 was isolated from 4 tongues (6.7%), 1 liver (1.7%), 3 omasa (5.0%), and 2 carcasses (3.3%), respectively. All the O157 isolates were positive foreaeandhlyAgenes, and 37 of 41 isolates (90.2%) exhibitedstx2cgenotype. PFGE analysis revealed the identical macrogenotypes of 4-tongue- and 1-liver-originated isolates and among 2 fecal isolates from animals slaughtered consecutively. Considering their continuous detection according to the slaughtering order, we concluded that these distributions of O157 in bovine offal and feces might be due to cross-contamination at (pre)slaughter. Our data thus reposes implication of better sanitary control in diapedesis from both upper and lower sites to prevent spread of this pathogen to bovine offal at slaughtering.
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Palmer, Elizabeth, Marcelo Vedovatto, Juliana Ranches, Vinicius Gouvea, Rhaiza Oliveira, John Arthington, Joao Vendramini, Matt H. Poore, and Philipe Moriel. "71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.135.
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Abstract This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.