Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carcasse bovine'
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Liu, Jingjing. "What is the best future for beef? Better eating quality? Cultured “meat”?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC105.
Full textAl-Jammas, Marwa. "Prédiction de la composition de la carcasse basée sur le métabolisme des nutriments absorbés : vers une évolution des recommandations alimentaires des jeunes bovins." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC020.
Full textThe INRA feeding system for Ruminants predicts the animal's responses to changes in feed intake. However, it poorly evaluates the influence of feed intake on the quality of productions, and in particular the quality of bovine carcass, on which the payment of animals to the producers depends. For a given type of animal, the carcass weight and its composition in lipids and proteins are predicted by the MECSIC model (Hoch and Agabriel, 2004) from the intake of metabolizable energy calculated from the INRA energy system. However, a literature review suggests that the composition of the depots also partly depends on the composition of the rations, which determines the nature of the digestion end products, and the metabolic fate of the nutrients. To test this hypothesis, the objective was to study the effects of the nature of the ration at similar metabolizable energy intake (MEI) on the composition of the carcass. This study is targeted to growing male cattle. The main steps of the thesis consisted of (i) building a database based on international publications on the effects of dietary intake on carcass composition in young cattle, (ii) exploring the relationships between carcass composition and the composition and metabolisability of the ration. The database showed that the composition of the carcass was measured in only 20% of the publications; the remaining 80% evaluated it by indirect measurements (USA yield grade, fat thickness, marbling, ribeye area ...). A preliminary research step was developed to quantify by meta-analysis the relationships between direct and indirect measurements of carcass composition in order to use the maximum number of publications for the rest of the thesis. We have shown that only two indicators (USA yield grade and fat thickness) correctly reflect the composition of the carcass and can be used to establish the response equations of carcass quality to dietary conditions. Another meta-analysis explored the marginal responses of lipid and protein depots in the carcass to strict variations in the dietary concentrations of EE, PDI, NDF or of the starch / NDF ratio, while considering its metabolisability (q = EM / EB). An increase in the starch / NDF ratio increases the lipid content of the carcasses but below a metabolizability threshold of 0.65, i.e. when rations contain more than 36% fodder. Beyond this threshold, which corresponds to a minimum starch / NDF ratio close to 2, there is no longer any effect. Thus, at similar MEI, the composition of the gain (and therefore the net energy deposited) does not vary linearly with the metabolisability q of the diet. Furthermore, the PDI content significantly increases the proportion of carcass lipids (and reduces that of proteins), especially if the overall level of PDI intake is limited and does not exceed 2.5 fold the maintenance requirements in PDI. The dietary EE content has little effect. These diet characteristics result in nutrient profiles (glucogenic / ketogenic ration, alpha-amino-N) which also discriminate carcass composition. Our results suggest that the effects of the nature of the ration should be considered when modeling the carcass composition of bovine animals from MEI. This should lead to significant changes in the MECSIC growth model to improve its predictive power
Suguisawa, Liliane [UNESP]. "Identificação de genótipos superiores para crescimento e qualidade de carcaça em bovinos de corte submetidos ao modelo biológico superprecose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104126.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O Sistema de Produção de Novilhos Superprecoces é considerado hoje o único sistema padronizado de produção de bovinos de corte, em prática no Brasil, que prediz a qualidade total dos produtos cárneos e seus sub-produtos. Tal sistema permite obter animais jovens, em torno de um ano, prontos para o abate, com terminação adequada de cobertura de gordura na carcaça. Atualmente as técnicas de genética molecular permitem identificar e clonar genes responsáveis pela síntese de proteínas que atuam nas vias metabólicas relacionadas ao crescimento animal e partição de nutrientes para os diferentes tecidos auxiliando o melhoramento genético. Considerando a importância do efeito dos genes do Hormônio do Crescimento e seu receptor, Leptina, STAT5A, Calpaína e Calpastatina no metabolismo animal, buscou-se neste trabalho estudar 9 polimorfismos genéticos e verificar a existência de associação com os índices mais importantes de crescimento, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos submetidos ao Sistema Superprecoce, durante três sucessivos anos de confinamento experimental. Para tanto, foram avaliados 500 animais para os polimorfismos do GH/AluI e GHRm, e 300 animais para o restante dos polimorfismos gênicos. Os animais foram desmamados aos sete meses de idade em sistema creep-feeding e posteriormente submetidos a confinamento por 120 dias. Os polimorfismos foram analisados pela técnica PCR-RFLP e STR. O efeito dos genótipos sobre as características estudadas foi analisado utilizando-se o procedimento GLM (SAS) e as médias dos quadrados mínimos dos genótipos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As características mais importantes do crescimento foram influenciadas significativamente pelos polimorfismos do GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI e CAPN2/HhaI (P<0,01). As características de carcaça foram associadas significativamente com os polimorfismos...
The Novilho Superprecoce System is considered the only beef cattle production system in Brazil that determines the total quality of meat products and by-products. The animals were slaughtered at one year old with appropriate carcass backfat. The molecular genetics studies have resulted in the identification of genes with a key role in the determination of production traits, improving the animal breeding. Considering the importance of Growth Hormone, GH receptor, Leptin, STAT5A, Calpain and Calpastatin genes at the animal metabolism, the objectives of this work were the study of 9 genes polymorphisms on the DNA sequence and their associations with the most important growth, carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle raised at the Superprecoce System, during three years consecutives of feedlot. A total of 500 animals to the GH/AluI and GHRm polymorphisms, and 300 animals to the remaining genes polymorphisms were analyzed. The animals were weaned at 7 months old at the creepfeeding and raised at the feedlot system for 120 days. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and STR methodology. The genotype effects at the traits were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS and the least square means of the genotypes were compared by Tukey test. The most important growth traits were influenced by GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). The carcass traits were associated with GHR/StuI,LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). Nevertheless, just tenderness, of the meat quality traits, showed a significant relationship with the GHRm microssatelite, LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI polymorphisms (P<0,01)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Suguisawa, Liliane. "Identificação de genótipos superiores para crescimento e qualidade de carcaça em bovinos de corte submetidos ao modelo biológico superprecose /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104126.
Full textAbstract: The Novilho Superprecoce System is considered the only beef cattle production system in Brazil that determines the total quality of meat products and by-products. The animals were slaughtered at one year old with appropriate carcass backfat. The molecular genetics studies have resulted in the identification of genes with a key role in the determination of production traits, improving the animal breeding. Considering the importance of Growth Hormone, GH receptor, Leptin, STAT5A, Calpain and Calpastatin genes at the animal metabolism, the objectives of this work were the study of 9 genes polymorphisms on the DNA sequence and their associations with the most important growth, carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle raised at the Superprecoce System, during three years consecutives of feedlot. A total of 500 animals to the GH/AluI and GHRm polymorphisms, and 300 animals to the remaining genes polymorphisms were analyzed. The animals were weaned at 7 months old at the creepfeeding and raised at the feedlot system for 120 days. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and STR methodology. The genotype effects at the traits were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS and the least square means of the genotypes were compared by Tukey test. The most important growth traits were influenced by GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). The carcass traits were associated with GHR/StuI,LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). Nevertheless, just tenderness, of the meat quality traits, showed a significant relationship with the GHRm microssatelite, LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI polymorphisms (P<0,01)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antônio Carlos Silveira
Coorientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
Coorientador: Catalina Romero Lopes
Doutor
Fontoura, Cristianne Lino [UNESP]. "Estudo microbiológico em carcaças bovinas e influência da refrigeração sobre a microbiota contaminante." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94636.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A carne e seus derivados apresentam grande valor na alimentação humana e se enquadram entre os alimentos de origem animal mais perecíveis, principalmente pela sua variedade e riqueza nutricional. Constituem-se em importante veículo de agentes zoonóticos e especial meio de cultura para o desenvolvimento e multiplicação de uma ampla gama de microrganismos. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a presença de alguns microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria sp.) e alguns indicadores como microrganismos psicrotróficos, mesófilos e coliformes na superfície de meias carcaças bovinas logo após a lavagem e avaliar a influência da refrigeração na população microbiana (de indicadores e Staphylococcus aureus). As amostras foram obtidas em um matadouro frigorífico localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, submetido a controle higiênico-sanitário permanente e com comércio no mercado interno e externo. No total foram analisadas 80 amostras (suabes) de regiões da superfície externa da carcaça (coxão, lombo e ponta-de-agulha) sendo 40 logo após a lavagem e 40 após 24 horas sob refrigeração. Na grande maioria das amostras as populações de microrganismos heterotróficos mesófilos estiveram entre 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicando eficiência nos cuidados higiênico-sanitários durante as operações de abate. Para os microrganismos psicrotróficos encontrou-se populações inferiores a 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, o que pode permitir maior vida-de-prateleira ao produto e para Staphylococcus sp. as populações foram inferiores a 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, não tendo sido encontrado nenhuma cepa da espécie Staphylococcus aureus. Os valores médios...
The meat as well its derivatives show great value in human aliments of animal origin principally because of its variety and nutritional wealth. It constitutes an important vehicle of zoonotic agents and a special means of culture for the development and multiplication of one large gamut of microorganisms. The present work had the goal to evaluate the presence of some microorganisms potentially pathogenic (Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria sp) and some indicators such as psychrotrophic, mesophilic and coliforms in the surface of half the bovine carcass after it is washed and evaluated as to the influence of storage by refrigeration of the microbial population (of indicators and Staphylococcus aureus). The samples were obtained in a slaughterhouse cooler located in the inner city of Sao Paulo, using constant sanitary hygienic control and doing business in the internal market as well to the external market. In total, 80 samples were analyzed (swab) of regions in the external surface of the carcasses (rump, loin and rib), results being 40 as soon as it was washed and 40 after 24 hours under refrigeration. In the large majority of samples the population of microorganism mesophilic were between 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicating efficiency in the care of sanitary hygene during the operations of slaughter. For the microorganisms populations psychrotrophic were found to be below 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, permitting longer shelf life of the product. For Staphylococcus sp, the populations were lowered to 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, and no species of cepa Staphylococcus aureus was found. The medium values for the populations of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Staphylococcus sp. respectively were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Tonussi, Rafael Lara. "Associação genética entre características da carcaça e carne com características de crescimento em bovinos Nelore /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92547.
Full textCoorientador: Fernando Sebástian Baldi Rey
Banca: Danísio Prado Munari
Banca: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar as associações genéticas e fenotípicas entre as características de crescimento e as características da carcaça e carne em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados registros de 241.416, 126.596, 78.687 e 90.720 animais machos e fêmeas, respectivamente para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho em peso da desmama ao sobreano (GS), altura da garupa ao sobreano (ALTS) e para as características de carcaça e carne foram utilizados 877 animais machos para peso da carcaça quente e 884 para área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, índice de marmorização e maciez. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita. Para a estimação dos componentes de (co)variância foram utilizados modelos animal tricaracterísticas, sempre incluindo o PD. Para PD foram incluídos no modelo os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos, direto e materno, ambiente permanente materno e residual, e os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) e idades da vaca ao parto (IVP) e do animal (efeito linear e quadrático), como covariáveis. Para as demais características foram excluídos os efeitos maternos (genéticos e de ambiente permanente) e o efeito idade da vaca ao parto. Os GC para PD foram formados por fazenda, ano de nascimento, grupo de manejo à desmama e sexo. Para PS, GS e ATLS foi acrescentado ao GC o grupo de manejo ao sobreano. Para as características de carcaça e carne os GC foram definidos da mesma forma que para as outras características medidas ao sobreano, excluindo o sexo do animal. Para todas as características foram excluídas observações com medidas de três desvios-padrão acima ou abaixo da média do seu GC. Para as características de crescimento o GC com menos de 10 animais foram excluídos. Para as características de carcaça e carne foram mantidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was estimate genetic parameters for growth traits and carcass and meat traits in Nellore. Data from 241.416, 126.596, 78.687, 90.720 males and females, respectively, respectively, for weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), gain from weaning to yearling (GWY), yearling hip height (YHH) and, for carcass and meat traits, only males animals, 877 for hot carcass weight (HCW), and 884 for longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), marbling (MAR) and shear force (SF) were used. The (co)variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. For estimation of (co)variance, three-trait animal models were apllied, always including WW in the analyses. For WW, it included in model the random direct and maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects, fixed effects of contemporany group and age of animal and age of dam at calving (linear and quadratic effect) as covariates. For the others traits, maternal effects (genetic and permanent environmental) and the effect of age of dam at calving were excluded. The contemporany group for WW were formed by farm, year of birth, weaning management group and sex. For YW, GWY, YHH it was added the management group at yearling. For carcass and meat traits the contemporany groups were defined similarly for the traits measured yearling, excluding the sex of the animal. For all traits observations with measurements of three standard deviations above or below the average of the contemporary groups were excluded. For the growth traits, contemporary groups with less than 10 animals were excluded. For carcass traits and meat CG with more than 3 animals were kept. The heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from 0.12 ± 0.009 to 0.44 ± 0.007. For carcass and meat traits, the heritability estimates were 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.39 ± 0.15... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Oliveira, Marco Antonio Lopes de. "Estimativas de valores econômicos para sistemas de recria e engorda de bovinos Nelore e cruzados /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92587.
Full textCoorientador: Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque
Banca: Roberto Carvalheiro
Banca: Fabiano Alvim Barbosa
Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estimar valores econômicos para um sistema de recria e engorda a partir de um Modelo Bioeconômico detalhado de quatro sistemas de produção, utilizando animais da raça Nelore e Cruzados. Os quatro modelos foram compostos da seguinte forma: 1)animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 2) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 3) animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento; 4) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento. Os valores econômicos foram estimados para as seguintes características: Ganho Médio Diário (GMD), Rendimento de Carcaça (RC), Consumo Alimentar (CA) e Energia de Mantença (EM), para cada um dos modelos propostos.Os valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto + Confinamento, baseados em R$/animal/ano foram superiores aos valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto. Isto se deve à maior eficiência dos animais que estão ocupando as áreas de pastejo, ou seja, animais mais leves e jovens possuem um menor custo para ganhar o mesmo peso do que animais mais pesados e adultos. Produzem-se mais arrobas em pastejo durante os modelos Pasto + Confinamento, quando comparado aos modelos Pasto, devido ao confinamento dos animais. As características estudadas possuem um grande impacto econômico nos sistemas de recria e engorda conforme os modelos propostos, com grande vantagem, nestes modelos, para a característica de RC. O GMD foi a segunda característica com maior valor econômico para os sistemas. As características de consumo alimentar e energia de mantença estão diretamente ligadas devido aos cálculos realizados para estimação de consumo. Estas características apresentam importância significativa no ponto de vista econômico, porém são pouco exploradas em programas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The general objective of this work was to estimate economic values for growing and finishing systems from a detailed Bioeconomic Model of four production systems, using Nelore breed and Crossbreed animals. Those four systems were composed by the following way: 1) animals with composition 100% of Nelore blood, growing and finishing period on pasture. 2) animals with composition ½ Taurus X ½ Nelore growing and finishing on pasture. 3) animals with composition 100% Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. 4) animals with composition ½ taurus X ½ Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. The economic values was estimated for the following traits: Average Daily Gain (ADG), Dressing Percentage (DP), Feed Consumption (FC) and Maintenance Energy (ME) for each proposed system. The economic values of Pasture + Feedlot systems based on R$/animal/yearwere in majority traits, higher than the economic values of Pasture models. This is due to the higher efficiency of animals that are occupying the grazing areas, i.e., lighter and young animals have a lower cost for the same weight gain than heavier and adults animals. Produces more arrobas in grazing during the Pasture + Feedlot models when compared the Pasture models, due to confinement of animals. The studied traits have a major economic impact on the growing and finishing systems as the models proposed, with great importance, in these models, for the traits of dressing percentage. Average daily gain was the second trait with greater economic value for the system. The traits of food consumption and maintenance energy are directly linked because of calculations to estimate consumption, and are traits with significant importance in the economic point of view, and explored by genetic evaluations programs in Brazil. Feed consumption and maintenance energy are important traits when evaluating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dias, Ana Sofia Guerreiro Marques. "Caracterização de duas explorações de raça bovina Alentejana produtoras de Carnalentejana DOP." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/868.
Full textNeste trabalho caracterizam-se duas explorações de bovinos de raça Alentejana que produzem Carnalentejana, um produto de Denominação de Origem Protegida. O maneio alimentar destas explorações enquadra o maneio típico da região do Alentejo e segue as regras da Carnalentejana. Em ambas as explorações, a época reprodutiva é definida pela entrada dos touros para junto das vacas nos meses de Outubro-Novembro e a saída nos meses de Abril-Junho. A taxa de fecundidade calculada nas explorações é muito próxima dos 80% e o número de vacas por touro é inferior a 50. O rendimento médio da desmancha em ambas as explorações foi, aproximadamente, 70%. Os valores médios dos grupos de peças não foram muito diferentes entre as duas explorações, existindo alguma variabilidade nos seus produtos. Para concluir, apesar dos produtos finais apresentarem alguma variabilidade, os métodos de produção das explorações estão de acordo com as regras estipuladas pelo Caderno de Especificações da Carnalentejana.
ABSTRACT Two Alentejana breed farms producing Carnalentejana, a Protected Designation of Origin product, were characterized. The feeding handling frames the tipical handling of the Alentejo’s region and also follows the Carnalentejana’s rules. Both farms have a reproductive season, the bulls join the cows in October-November and leave in April-June. The fecundity rate calculated in both farms was close to 80% and the number of cows per bulls was less than 50. The carcass mean yielding of both farms was very similar with, approximately, 70%. The mean values of each meat cut groups where not very different in both farms but there was some variability in the products. In conclusion, despite the variation of the final products the production methods of both farms are in agreement with the Carnalentejana Specifications.
Espigolan, Rafael. "Desequilíbrio de ligação e associação entre polimorfismos de base única com maciez da carne e espessura de gordura em bovinos Nelore utilizando painéis de alta densidade /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92546.
Full textCoorientador: Fernando Sebástian Baldi Rey
Banca: Danísio Prado Munari
Banca: Simone Cristina Méo Niciura
Resumo: A carne produzida no Brasil a partir de raças zebuínas possui características organolépticas que não são bem aceitas nos mercados mais exigentes. As características de carcaça e da carne, como a maciez e a espessura de gordura subcutânea podem garantir qualidade e uniformidade na produção de carne bovina, porém o melhoramento genético para essas características não tem sido praticado. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o desequilíbrio de ligação entre os polimorfismos de base única (SNPs), e estudar a associação destes com a maciez da carne e espessura de gordura subcutânea no genoma de bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando um painel de SNPs de alta densidade. Foram utilizados 795 machos da raça Nelore nascidos em 2008 e 2009 e pertencentes a três programas de melhoramento genético. Um total de 117 grupos de contemporâneos foi formado, constituídos por ano de nascimento, fazenda, grupos de manejo ao nascimento, grupos de manejo à desmama e ao sobreano. Os animais foram genotipados utilizando o Illumina High-Density Bovine BeadChip com 777.962 marcadores SNPs. O DNA genômico foi extraído utilizando amostras de cinco gramas de tecido muscular retirados do Longissimus dorsi de cada animal. Foram excluídos SNPs que apresentaram MAF (alelo de menor frequência) inferior a 0,05 e Call Rate menor que 0,93, totalizando 446.986 SNPs. Os fenótipos para maciez da carne foram obtidos utilizando um equipamento de análise de textura equipado com uma sonda Warner Bratzler em amostras de 2,54 cm retiradas entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas da meiacarcaça esquerda. Na mesma amostra foi mensurada a espessura de gordura subcutânea com paquímetro, medindo a camada de gordura localizada a um ângulo de 45º a partir do centro geométrico. As análises de associação foram realizadas considerando apenas um marcador por vez... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The meat produced in Brazil from Zebu breeds has organoleptic characteristics that are not well accepted in the most demanding markets. Carcass and meat traits, like tenderness and fat thickness, can ensure quality and uniformity in beef production, but genetic improvement for these traits has not been practiced. The objective of this study was analyze the linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and to study their association with the tenderness of meat and fat thickness in the genome of Nellore cattle using a panel of highdensity SNPs. Data from 795 Nellore cattle born in 2008 and 2009 and belonging to three breeding programs were used. A total of 117 contemporary groups were formed, constituted of year of birth, farm, management groups at birth, management groups at weaning and yearling. The animals were genotyped using Illumina High- Density Bovine BeadChip with 777,962 SNP markers. Genomic DNA was extracted with samples from five grams of tissue taken from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal. SNPs that had MAF less than 0.05 and Call Rate less than 0.93 were excluded, totaling 446,986 SNPs. The phenotypes for meat tenderness were obtained using a texture analysis equipment equipped with a Warner Bratzler probe in samples of 2.54 cm taken between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass. On the same sample, it was measured the thickness of subcutaneous fat with caliper rule, measuring the fat located at an angle of 45° from the geometric center. The association analysis was performed considering only one marker at a time. The fixed effects in the model were SNP marker, contemporary group, date of slaughter and slaughter age as covariate. To estimate the effect of each SNP over the traits, the SNP marker was included as a covariate (linear effect). The average linkage disequilibrium (r²)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Fontoura, Cristianne Lino. "Estudo microbiológico em carcaças bovinas e influência da refrigeração sobre a microbiota contaminante /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94636.
Full textBanca: Angela Cleusa de Fatima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Luiz Francisco Zafalon
Resumo: A carne e seus derivados apresentam grande valor na alimentação humana e se enquadram entre os alimentos de origem animal mais perecíveis, principalmente pela sua variedade e riqueza nutricional. Constituem-se em importante veículo de agentes zoonóticos e especial meio de cultura para o desenvolvimento e multiplicação de uma ampla gama de microrganismos. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a presença de alguns microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria sp.) e alguns indicadores como microrganismos psicrotróficos, mesófilos e coliformes na superfície de meias carcaças bovinas logo após a lavagem e avaliar a influência da refrigeração na população microbiana (de indicadores e Staphylococcus aureus). As amostras foram obtidas em um matadouro frigorífico localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, submetido a controle higiênico-sanitário permanente e com comércio no mercado interno e externo. No total foram analisadas 80 amostras (suabes) de regiões da superfície externa da carcaça (coxão, lombo e ponta-de-agulha) sendo 40 logo após a lavagem e 40 após 24 horas sob refrigeração. Na grande maioria das amostras as populações de microrganismos heterotróficos mesófilos estiveram entre 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicando eficiência nos cuidados higiênico-sanitários durante as operações de abate. Para os microrganismos psicrotróficos encontrou-se populações inferiores a 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, o que pode permitir maior vida-de-prateleira ao produto e para Staphylococcus sp. as populações foram inferiores a 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, não tendo sido encontrado nenhuma cepa da espécie Staphylococcus aureus. Os valores médios... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The meat as well its derivatives show great value in human aliments of animal origin principally because of its variety and nutritional wealth. It constitutes an important vehicle of zoonotic agents and a special means of culture for the development and multiplication of one large gamut of microorganisms. The present work had the goal to evaluate the presence of some microorganisms potentially pathogenic (Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria sp) and some indicators such as psychrotrophic, mesophilic and coliforms in the surface of half the bovine carcass after it is washed and evaluated as to the influence of storage by refrigeration of the microbial population (of indicators and Staphylococcus aureus). The samples were obtained in a slaughterhouse cooler located in the inner city of Sao Paulo, using constant sanitary hygienic control and doing business in the internal market as well to the external market. In total, 80 samples were analyzed (swab) of regions in the external surface of the carcasses (rump, loin and rib), results being 40 as soon as it was washed and 40 after 24 hours under refrigeration. In the large majority of samples the population of microorganism mesophilic were between 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicating efficiency in the care of sanitary hygene during the operations of slaughter. For the microorganisms populations psychrotrophic were found to be below 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, permitting longer shelf life of the product. For Staphylococcus sp, the populations were lowered to 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, and no species of cepa Staphylococcus aureus was found. The medium values for the populations of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Staphylococcus sp. respectively were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Tonussi, Rafael Lara [UNESP]. "Associação genética entre características da carcaça e carne com características de crescimento em bovinos Nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92547.
Full textObjetivou-se com este trabalho estimar as associações genéticas e fenotípicas entre as características de crescimento e as características da carcaça e carne em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados registros de 241.416, 126.596, 78.687 e 90.720 animais machos e fêmeas, respectivamente para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho em peso da desmama ao sobreano (GS), altura da garupa ao sobreano (ALTS) e para as características de carcaça e carne foram utilizados 877 animais machos para peso da carcaça quente e 884 para área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, índice de marmorização e maciez. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita. Para a estimação dos componentes de (co)variância foram utilizados modelos animal tricaracterísticas, sempre incluindo o PD. Para PD foram incluídos no modelo os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos, direto e materno, ambiente permanente materno e residual, e os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) e idades da vaca ao parto (IVP) e do animal (efeito linear e quadrático), como covariáveis. Para as demais características foram excluídos os efeitos maternos (genéticos e de ambiente permanente) e o efeito idade da vaca ao parto. Os GC para PD foram formados por fazenda, ano de nascimento, grupo de manejo à desmama e sexo. Para PS, GS e ATLS foi acrescentado ao GC o grupo de manejo ao sobreano. Para as características de carcaça e carne os GC foram definidos da mesma forma que para as outras características medidas ao sobreano, excluindo o sexo do animal. Para todas as características foram excluídas observações com medidas de três desvios-padrão acima ou abaixo da média do seu GC. Para as características de crescimento o GC com menos de 10 animais foram excluídos. Para as características de carcaça e carne foram mantidos...
The objective of this study was estimate genetic parameters for growth traits and carcass and meat traits in Nellore. Data from 241.416, 126.596, 78.687, 90.720 males and females, respectively, respectively, for weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), gain from weaning to yearling (GWY), yearling hip height (YHH) and, for carcass and meat traits, only males animals, 877 for hot carcass weight (HCW), and 884 for longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), marbling (MAR) and shear force (SF) were used. The (co)variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. For estimation of (co)variance, three-trait animal models were apllied, always including WW in the analyses. For WW, it included in model the random direct and maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects, fixed effects of contemporany group and age of animal and age of dam at calving (linear and quadratic effect) as covariates. For the others traits, maternal effects (genetic and permanent environmental) and the effect of age of dam at calving were excluded. The contemporany group for WW were formed by farm, year of birth, weaning management group and sex. For YW, GWY, YHH it was added the management group at yearling. For carcass and meat traits the contemporany groups were defined similarly for the traits measured yearling, excluding the sex of the animal. For all traits observations with measurements of three standard deviations above or below the average of the contemporary groups were excluded. For the growth traits, contemporary groups with less than 10 animals were excluded. For carcass traits and meat CG with more than 3 animals were kept. The heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from 0.12 ± 0.009 to 0.44 ± 0.007. For carcass and meat traits, the heritability estimates were 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.39 ± 0.15... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Oliveira, Marco Antonio Lopes de [UNESP]. "Estimativas de valores econômicos para sistemas de recria e engorda de bovinos Nelore e cruzados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92587.
Full textO objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estimar valores econômicos para um sistema de recria e engorda a partir de um Modelo Bioeconômico detalhado de quatro sistemas de produção, utilizando animais da raça Nelore e Cruzados. Os quatro modelos foram compostos da seguinte forma: 1)animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 2) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 3) animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento; 4) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento. Os valores econômicos foram estimados para as seguintes características: Ganho Médio Diário (GMD), Rendimento de Carcaça (RC), Consumo Alimentar (CA) e Energia de Mantença (EM), para cada um dos modelos propostos.Os valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto + Confinamento, baseados em R$/animal/ano foram superiores aos valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto. Isto se deve à maior eficiência dos animais que estão ocupando as áreas de pastejo, ou seja, animais mais leves e jovens possuem um menor custo para ganhar o mesmo peso do que animais mais pesados e adultos. Produzem-se mais arrobas em pastejo durante os modelos Pasto + Confinamento, quando comparado aos modelos Pasto, devido ao confinamento dos animais. As características estudadas possuem um grande impacto econômico nos sistemas de recria e engorda conforme os modelos propostos, com grande vantagem, nestes modelos, para a característica de RC. O GMD foi a segunda característica com maior valor econômico para os sistemas. As características de consumo alimentar e energia de mantença estão diretamente ligadas devido aos cálculos realizados para estimação de consumo. Estas características apresentam importância significativa no ponto de vista econômico, porém são pouco exploradas em programas...
The general objective of this work was to estimate economic values for growing and finishing systems from a detailed Bioeconomic Model of four production systems, using Nelore breed and Crossbreed animals. Those four systems were composed by the following way: 1) animals with composition 100% of Nelore blood, growing and finishing period on pasture. 2) animals with composition ½ Taurus X ½ Nelore growing and finishing on pasture. 3) animals with composition 100% Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. 4) animals with composition ½ taurus X ½ Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. The economic values was estimated for the following traits: Average Daily Gain (ADG), Dressing Percentage (DP), Feed Consumption (FC) and Maintenance Energy (ME) for each proposed system. The economic values of Pasture + Feedlot systems based on R$/animal/yearwere in majority traits, higher than the economic values of Pasture models. This is due to the higher efficiency of animals that are occupying the grazing areas, i.e., lighter and young animals have a lower cost for the same weight gain than heavier and adults animals. Produces more arrobas in grazing during the Pasture + Feedlot models when compared the Pasture models, due to confinement of animals. The studied traits have a major economic impact on the growing and finishing systems as the models proposed, with great importance, in these models, for the traits of dressing percentage. Average daily gain was the second trait with greater economic value for the system. The traits of food consumption and maintenance energy are directly linked because of calculations to estimate consumption, and are traits with significant importance in the economic point of view, and explored by genetic evaluations programs in Brazil. Feed consumption and maintenance energy are important traits when evaluating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Bonilha, Sarah Figueiredo Martins. "Efeitos da seleção para peso pós-desmame sobre características de carcaça, rendimento de cortes e composição corporal de bovinos nelore e caracu, sob alimentação restrita e Ad Libitum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17092003-143543/.
Full textFifty six bulls, born in 1999, from Sertãozinho Experimental Station herds, selected or not for weight at 378 days of age (W 378), were feedlot at Colina Experimental Station. Animals of the genetic groups Nellore (NeS), Control Nellore (NeC) and Caracu (Ca) were utilized. They were randomnly distributed in three experimental groups: initial slaughter group (AI), restricted feeding group (AR) and Ad Libitum feeding group (AL). The AI class had 4 animals for each genetic group and AR and AL had 8 NeS and Ca, and 6 animals NeC. Animals were slaughtered with 4.0 mm of fat thickness measured by ultrasound. After the adaptation period, the AI class was slaughtered and the other classes (AR and AL) started the feedlot period. In each genetic group, when an animal of the AL class attained the desired ultrasonic fat thickness for slaughter, the animal of AR class with similar weight and body conditions score, at the experiment starting point, was also slaughtered. In all animals carcass traits, body composition and meat cuts income were evaluated. Data were analized according to factorial scheme including two type of diets and three genetic groups. The Ca and NeS bulls were heavier at slaughter requiring longer feeding period to attain the desired ultrasonic fat thickness. The heavier weights at slaughter of these animals also changed correlated traits as carcass, hindquater, forequarter and spare ribs weights. The selection for weight in the Nellore promoted higher slaughter, carcass and primary cuts weights, but selected animals had less tender meat, but inside good tender standards. Average values for chemical components of empty body weight, in percentages of water, fat, protein and ash were: Ca (60.4; 15.5; 19.7; 4.4), NeS (58.2; 19.4; 17.8; 4.6) and NeC (57.4; 20.2; 18.3; 4.1). The average rates of empty gain for body weight (kg/day), water (g/day), fat (g/day), protein (g/day), ash (g/day) and energy (Mcal/day) were: Ca (1.01; 409; 382; 150; 70; 4,45), NeS (1.00; 355; 482; 113; 46; 5,19) and NeC (0.91; 301; 457; 103; 52; 4,91). The average rates of empty body gain chemical composition, in percentages of water, fat, protein, ash and energy (Mcal/day) were: Ca (40.1; 36.8; 15.2; 8.0; 4.32), NeS (35.8; 48.1; 11.3; 4.8; 5.19) and NeC (32.7; 49.5; 12.0; 5.8; 5.36). The selection for post-weaning weights, observed by comparing the two Nellore groups, did not promote any change on body composition of these animals, but increased their body size, so they required longer feedlot period. The animals of genetic group Ca, when compared with Nellore, had less fat and more protein, in percentages of empty body. It is due to their larger mature body size.
Espigolan, Rafael [UNESP]. "Desequilíbrio de ligação e associação entre polimorfismos de base única com maciez da carne e espessura de gordura em bovinos Nelore utilizando painéis de alta densidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92546.
Full textA carne produzida no Brasil a partir de raças zebuínas possui características organolépticas que não são bem aceitas nos mercados mais exigentes. As características de carcaça e da carne, como a maciez e a espessura de gordura subcutânea podem garantir qualidade e uniformidade na produção de carne bovina, porém o melhoramento genético para essas características não tem sido praticado. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o desequilíbrio de ligação entre os polimorfismos de base única (SNPs), e estudar a associação destes com a maciez da carne e espessura de gordura subcutânea no genoma de bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando um painel de SNPs de alta densidade. Foram utilizados 795 machos da raça Nelore nascidos em 2008 e 2009 e pertencentes a três programas de melhoramento genético. Um total de 117 grupos de contemporâneos foi formado, constituídos por ano de nascimento, fazenda, grupos de manejo ao nascimento, grupos de manejo à desmama e ao sobreano. Os animais foram genotipados utilizando o Illumina High-Density Bovine BeadChip com 777.962 marcadores SNPs. O DNA genômico foi extraído utilizando amostras de cinco gramas de tecido muscular retirados do Longissimus dorsi de cada animal. Foram excluídos SNPs que apresentaram MAF (alelo de menor frequência) inferior a 0,05 e Call Rate menor que 0,93, totalizando 446.986 SNPs. Os fenótipos para maciez da carne foram obtidos utilizando um equipamento de análise de textura equipado com uma sonda Warner Bratzler em amostras de 2,54 cm retiradas entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas da meiacarcaça esquerda. Na mesma amostra foi mensurada a espessura de gordura subcutânea com paquímetro, medindo a camada de gordura localizada a um ângulo de 45º a partir do centro geométrico. As análises de associação foram realizadas considerando apenas um marcador por vez...
The meat produced in Brazil from Zebu breeds has organoleptic characteristics that are not well accepted in the most demanding markets. Carcass and meat traits, like tenderness and fat thickness, can ensure quality and uniformity in beef production, but genetic improvement for these traits has not been practiced. The objective of this study was analyze the linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and to study their association with the tenderness of meat and fat thickness in the genome of Nellore cattle using a panel of highdensity SNPs. Data from 795 Nellore cattle born in 2008 and 2009 and belonging to three breeding programs were used. A total of 117 contemporary groups were formed, constituted of year of birth, farm, management groups at birth, management groups at weaning and yearling. The animals were genotyped using Illumina High- Density Bovine BeadChip with 777,962 SNP markers. Genomic DNA was extracted with samples from five grams of tissue taken from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal. SNPs that had MAF less than 0.05 and Call Rate less than 0.93 were excluded, totaling 446,986 SNPs. The phenotypes for meat tenderness were obtained using a texture analysis equipment equipped with a Warner Bratzler probe in samples of 2.54 cm taken between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass. On the same sample, it was measured the thickness of subcutaneous fat with caliper rule, measuring the fat located at an angle of 45° from the geometric center. The association analysis was performed considering only one marker at a time. The fixed effects in the model were SNP marker, contemporary group, date of slaughter and slaughter age as covariate. To estimate the effect of each SNP over the traits, the SNP marker was included as a covariate (linear effect). The average linkage disequilibrium (r²)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Suguisawa, Liliane. "Ultra-sonografia para predição das características e composição da carcaça de bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-05072002-101058/.
Full textIn the present study real time ultrasonography was used to predict the ribeye area (AOL) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (ECG) in live animals. A total of 115 yearling steers from four genetic groups (30 ½ Angus x Nelore; 30 ½ Canchim x Nelore; 30 ½ Simental x Nelore e 25 Nelores), with 329 kg initial average weight, and two different finishing frame sizes (small and large) were used. Animals were kept in a feedlot during the whole study. Four ultrasonographic measurements were taken every 28 days until slaughter. AOL and ECG were measured in the carcasses and compared to the measurements made in the live animals. Predictive accuracy of the ultrasonographic measurements increased as the animals approached slaughter date, reaching the maximum value at the last one (R 2 = 0.68 and 0.82 for AOL and ECG, respectively). Genetic group influenced (P<0.05) AOL and ECG measurements in the carcass but only the ECG was significant with the ultrasound (P<0.05). AOL ultrasonographic measurements showed a significant difference (P<0.05) among the genetic groups when body weight (per 100 Kg of carcass) was taken into account (AOL4PKG). AOL per 100 kg of carcass (AOLPCAR) for all genetic groups showed higher values than those suggested by the literature. Frame size did not influence AOL or ECG probably due to the small, but distinctive differences between the two groups. The Simental crossed animals had higher (P<0.05) carcass muscle percentage, and the Nelore steers had the lowest. The Nelore, Canchim and Angus crossed animals showed higher carcass fattissue percentage (P<0.05) as compared to the Simental crosses. The ultrasound AOL showed a positive correlation (0.49) with muscle weight, carcass cutability (0.42) and muscle carcass percentage (0.30). The ultrasound ECG was positively correlated with fattissue percentage (0.49) and carcass total fat tissue amount (0.52) and negatively correlated with the hind cut yield (-0.49). Carcass meat yield was correlated only with AOLPCAR (0,26), live weight (-0.45) and hot carcass weight (0.44). The ultrasound AOL had a low prediction accuracy for the carcass AOL. Overall, the accuracy of the carcass compositions predictive equations by ultrasound were similar or greater than the one obtained by direct carcass measurements. This suggests that the difference in AOL measurements by ultrasonography and in the carcass does not necessarily mean a faulty ultrasonographic measurement for differences can be expected when measurements are made in the carcass or in the live animal.
Turk, Stacey N. "Fatty Acid Carcass Mapping." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-05-4.
Full textBazile, Jeanne. "Intégration de données publiques et analyses protéomiques pour révéler les mécanismes et biomarqueurs du dépôt de lipides dans la carcasse ou le muscle bovin." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC074.
Full textProducing meat animals with adequate muscular and adipose masses (i.e. lean-to-fat ratio) is an economic challenge for the beef industry. The lean-to-fat ratio influence weight and yield of carcasses as well as the sensorial and nutritional quality of the meat. Omics methods have been widely used to understand mechanisms underlying the variability of the adipose and muscle tissue growth in the bovine. However, it is not always easy to extract or generate a synthetic biological information from this volume of data. The objective of my thesis was to aggregate and analyse public data to propose genes or proteins related to the lean-to-fat, and to identify data to be completed by experiment. To achive this goal, experimental and in silico methods were combined.Majority of available data in public databases were muscle transcriptomic data, and very rarely proteomic data. Data from 5 publications comparing muscle proteome of bovine breeds divergent in their intramuscular lipid content were aggregated and allowed the identification of 50 differently abundant proteins. Of these, 9 were concordant in at least 2 publications. As those data were obtained only in late-maturing breeds, we analysed proteome of “Rouges des Prés” cows which deposit fat in a later stage of development. Longissimus thoracis muscle of bovine “Rouges des prés”, that diverges in their muscular and corporal adiposity were analysed by shotgun and 2DE techniques. Of the 47 proteins significatively associated to adipose depots in muscle or carcass, 21 were common to published data and 26 had never been identified before. Particularly, APOBEC2 abundance was strongly correlated with both carcass and muscle adiposity.Among the microarray data available in the public databases, 84 and 12 datasets relative to muscular and adipose growth were selected, respectively. Because of missing metadata, only 33 (32 “MT” and 1 “AT”) were used and their identifiers updated on the current bovine genome (UCD1.2; collaboration with Sigenae). Data of 32 “muscle” datasets were categorized according to the age, breed, sex or nutrition. Data were regrouped by categories and analysed by p-value combination according to the inverse normal method (collaboration with Gabi UMR). For the age category, a major factor influencing intramuscular lipid content, we identified 238 genes differentially expressed between two ages in longissimus dorsi of bovine of 5 different breeds. Among these 238 genes, 97 were identified in at least 2 datasets analysed individually and in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis confirmed the dynamic regulation of glycolytic and oxidative metabolisms depending on bovine age. 17 genes were exclusively identified in the meta-analysis as differentially expressed between two ages. Among the identified genes, some are linked to lipid metabolism (APOE, LDLR, MXRA8) and other may induce (YBX1) or repress (MAPK14, YWAH, ERBB2) the differentiation of muscle progenitor cells towards the adipose lineage.Integration of public data, in particular by the meta-analysis, provided a global view of biological mechanisms and biomarkers (genes or proteins) of the lean-to-fat ratio that were the most frequently identified in several breeds. The relationships between the abundances of the identified molecules and adiposity criteria remain to be quantified in a perspective of biomarker validation (prior to animal slaughter/ without the need to slaughter the animal).Integration of public data, in particular by the meta-analysis, allowing to aquire a global view of biological mechanisms and biomarkers (genes or proteins) of the AT to MT ratio. This approach will allow to check and evaluate carcass and muscle AT percentage from gene or protein abundance prior to animal slaughter/ without the need to slaughter the animal
Xavier, Caroline. "Estimation fine des compositions du corps vide et de la carcasse du bovin par imagerie en trois dimensions (3D) et absorptiométrie bi-photonique à rayons X (DXA)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB362.
Full textMeat production from beef-on-dairy crossbred cattle is common in Switzerland and of growing interest in France. In order to optimize those production systems performances, a fine monitoring of body composition is possible thanks to three-dimensional (3D) imaging on living cattle and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the carcass. Non-invasive and high-throughput methods, their precision still needs to be determined. Empty body and carcass chemical (n = 142) and tissue (n = 30) compositions of purebred (n = 22 Simmental) or crossbred (n = 120; dam: Swiss Brown and sire: Angus, Simmental or Limousin) cattle were determined together with 3D and DXA measurements. Relationships were established between body and carcass reference compositions and estimative variates from 3D and DXA imaging, or 11th rib dissection using multiple linear or partial least squares regressions.The 3D imaging provided precise estimates of empty body and carcass chemical compositions (R2 = 0.95; prediction errors (RMSEP) = 7 kg). Precision for carcass composition was the highest from a half-carcass DXA scan, and slightly decreased with 11th rib scan (R2 = 0.95; RMSEP = 2 kg). Nevertheless, this approach is convenient and time saving. Except for half-carcass DXA scan, most equations were affected by breed. The 3D and DXA imaging methods are of interest for the fine estimation and monitoring of the body and carcass compositions of beef cattle. After automation of the measurements, they will find applications for precision livestock farming and carcass classification in slaughterhouses
Soulat, Julien. "Pilotage conjoint, à partir des pratiques d'élevage, des caractéristiques de la carcasse et de la viande de bovins." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC003/document.
Full textThe beef rearing system could be diversified by their rearing practices (animal categories, breeds, diet composition, grazing duration, etc.) to produce carcasses and beef meat reaching the different market expectations and to satisfy the consumers. The rearing practices were defined as the combinations of many rearing factors, each with its own variability. This diversity of applied rearing practices during the whole life of the animal was one of the causes of the carcass and beef variability observed. The aim of this work was to more precisely study the rearing practices impacts on the carcass and the beef characteristics, and to consider a joint management of these characteristics from the rearing practices. To achieve this, two complementary data sources were used: experimental data set and rearing surveys. This work displayed that it was possible to explain and to predict the carcass characteristics (weight, dressing, conformation and fat scores) and the meat properties (sensorial descriptors and shear force) from the combination of many rearing factors. It was also observed that different rearing practices allowed to reach similar carcass or meat characteristics but those must be adapted according to the animal category and the breed. Indeed, for the prediction of the carcass or meat characteristics, rearing factors can be specific to an animal category (young bulls vs cull cows) or a breed type (beef vs hardy), and a same rearing factor may also had different impacts according to the animal category or the breed considered. The established models from the fattening period were robust but prediction was more precise for individual parameters characterizing the carcass compared to those of the meat. The clustering of meat quality improved the prediction quality of the meat properties. Furthermore, for the carcass or the meat properties, by considering the pre-weaning period in addition to the fattening period the prediction quality of the quality clusters was improved. However, the rearing factors did not allowed a satisfactory prediction of the tenderness or adiposity biomarkers abundances. Finally, all results of this work displayed, although it requires trade-off, it was possible to jointly manage the carcass and meat characteristics
Anaruma, Renata Jorge. "Efeitos da castração no ganho de peso, caracteristicas de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos machos da raça nelore." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255345.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para comparar bovinos machos castrados à desmama, ao final da fase de recria, e não castrados, todos abatidos com 30 meses de idade, em relação ao ganho de peso, rendimentos de abate e desossa, composição da carcaça, e de qualidade sensorial e físico-química da carne. Foram utilizados 24 bovinos Nelore machos, desmamados entre os 6 e 8 meses de idade e mantidos em regime de pastejo em Brachiaria brizantha com fornecimento de sal mineral, durante a época das águas, suplemento mineral protéico durante o período da seca e fornecimento de concentrado nos dois meses que antecederam o abate. Os tratamentos foram: T1: castrados na desmama; T2: castrados aos 20 meses de idade; T3: não castrados. Foram coletados dados de ganho de peso, espessura de gordura por ultrassonografia, peso de carcaça quente e fria, rendimento de carcaça, pH e temperatura das carcaças; pesos de vísceras comestíveis, cortes comerciais, dianteiro, ponta de agulha, traseiro, e peso dos ossos; espessura de gordura subcutânea e área de olho de lombo na 12ª. costela; cor (visual e instrumental); determinações de umidade e lipídios totais; teor de gordura intramuscular (mármore visual), e análise sensorial. Os machos não castrados apresentaram maior ganho de peso, maior rendimento de carcaça e maior peso ajustado de alguns cortes comerciais do dianteiro. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) na maciez instrumental e sensorial da carne dos três grupos testados. Embora a não castração tenha afetado negativamente a deposição de gordura na carcaça, a qualidade da carne não foi prejudicada na maioria dos aspectos estudados. Sendo assim, uma opção interessante é retardar a castração dos animais. A não castração pode ser a melhor opção para quem produz o gado Nelore a pasto, desde que não sofra desconto da indústria por falta de acabamento nas carcaças. Neste caso, resta a alternativa da castração aos 20 meses, que apresenta desempenho intermediário aliado ao acabamento semelhante ao dos castrados na desmama
Abstract: This study was developed to compare male cattle castrated at the weaning time, at the end of the growth phase and non castrated, all harvested at 30 months of age, by measuring weight gain, harvest and boning yields, carcass composition, and meat quality in terms of its sensorial and analytical aspects. Twenty four Nelore male calves have been used, weaned between 6 and 8 months of age and kept under grazing at Brachiaria brizantha with salt and mineral premix during the raining season, protein-mineral supplement during the dry period and energy supplement during the two months that preceded the harvesting. The treatments were: T1: castrated at the weaning period (6 8 months of age); T2: castrated at 20 months of age; T3: non-castrated. The following data was collected: weight gain, ultrasound fat thickness, hot and cold carcass weight, dressing yield, carcass pH and temperature; edible viscera, wholesale meat cuts and bone weights; fat thickness and rib eye area; meat color (visual and instrumental); moisture and lipids determination; visual marbling, and sensory analysis. Non castrated males presented greater weight gain, dressing yield, and adjusted weight of some wholesale cuts. No differences were found in the instrumental and sensory meat tenderness of the three tested groups. The meat of the 20 months castrated males presented the lowest juiciness, whereas the other studied attributes did not present differences. Although non-castration had a negative effect on fatness, it did not harm the quality of the meat in most of the traits. It was concluded that an interesting option is to delay the castration of the animals
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Agastin, Aurélie. "Evaluation et comparaison de deux modes de production contrastés pratiqués en zone tropicale : la conduite à l’auge vs la conduite au pâturage." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0675/document.
Full textGrazing, main way of feeding ruminants in the tropics, is often undervalued because it is associated with animal performance deemed insufficient, and may have adverse effects on the environment. Even if stall feeding allows better production, this way of feeding has drawbacks in terms of investment, profitability, impact of emissions on the environment and product quality. Intensification of grazing seems a way forward, but requires a better understanding of this way of feeding and its impact on feeding and animal performance. It also appears necessary to compare grazing and stalls feeding on homogeneous criteria, separating the components of these modes of management.The aim of the thesis is to evaluate and compare stalls and pasture feeding environment, taking into account also the distribution or not of concentrate on feeding, growth, slaughter characteristics and water consumption. At first , we studied in an experiment , the effects of these two feeding systems on growth, slaughter and carcass characteristics of Creoles bulls slaughtered at two ages (early vs. late ). Bulls fed in trough grew faster, had greater carcass weight and fatter carcasses. We observed that a later slaughter of grazing animals (17 and 21 months vs. 14 and 17 months in stalls), allowed to reach final weights similar to those obtained in stalls and carcasses richer in muscle. We explained most of our results by the combined effects of feeding environment and complementation strategy and wanted to study their effects. In a second step, the study of the effects of feeding environment was made in first instance, through a meta-analysis. Stalls fed animals had greater performances than pasture fed ones, but these effects depended on complementation strategy. This meta-analysis also highlighted the lack of knowledge on intake and digestibility at pasture, which is a limitation on attempts to compare with measurements carried out in trough-fed animals. To investigate the relative effects of feeding environment and complementation strategy, we conceived an analytical trial with Creole bulls reared in stalls and at pasture, supplemented or not with concentrate. First of all, this analytical trial was the support of a methodological study, which identified that the NIRS method allows the best estimate of the OMD, OMI and DOMI at pasture. The analytical trial showed that grazing animals had better feed efficiency feed for their growth than stall fed ones and complementation strategy influenced more these variables than feeding environment. With an appropriate strategy for complementation, grazing animals can achieve similar performance to those obtained at the trough
Cerdótes, Liliane. "Avaliação de bovinos Nelore submetidos a períodos de restrição alimentar, durante a terminação /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104910.
Full textBanca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Banca: Antonio Tadeu de Andrade
Banca: Juliana Borsari Dourado Sancanari
Banca: Fábio Prudêncio de Campos
Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de obter dois ganhos compensatórios (GC) durante a terminação em confinamento de animais machos inteiros da raça Nelore. O primeiro, no início do confinamento, e o segundo, após estes sofrerem restrição alimentar qualitativa (RAQ) por 28 ou 56 dias e realizar a apreciação econômica da alimentação durante a terminação, comparar o comportamento ingestivo e os componentes não integrantes da carcaça e as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne. Os tratamentos foram: SRAQ - Animais sem RAQ, recebendo dieta contendo em média 13,08% de proteína bruta (PB) e 69,78% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), a base de silagem de milho e concentrado do início ao final do experimento, obedecendo uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 62,5:37,5; RAQ28 - Animais recebendo a mesma dieta do tratamento SRAQ, porém com RAQ durante 28 dias, em que os animais receberam apenas silagem de milho com 8,13% PB e 64,27% NDT e RAQ56 - Animais recebendo mesma dieta do tratamento SRAQ, porém com RAQ por 56 dias, em que os animais receberam apenas a silagem de milho. Durante à RAQ os animais dos tratamentos RAQ28 e RAQ56 apresentaram menor consumo de matéria seca diária (CMSD) e ganho médio diário (GMD), em relação aos animais do tratamento SRAQ. Nos períodos subseqüentes a RAQ, os animais submetidos a RAQ apresentaram CMSD numericamente maior e GMD superior aos animais do tratamento SRAQ. Ocorreu maior GMD dos animais no segundo período (1,873 kg) em relação ao primeiro (0,933 kg), denotando GC no inicio do confinamento. Os animais do tratamento RAQ28 apresentaram menor GC diário no período subseqüente a RAQ do que aqueles do tratamento RAQ56 (37,9 contra 84,8%) quando comparado aos animais do tratamento SRAQ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was carried out to evaluate the possibility of obtaining two compensatory gains (CG) in Nellore bulls, one at the beginning of feedlot finishing and another after subjecting bulls to qualitative feeding restriction (QFR) for 28 or 56 days. Feeding economic evaluation was performed during feedlot finishing, compare the ingestive behavior and evaluate non-carcass components, as well as quantitative and qualitative traits of carcass and meat. The following treatments were studied: NQFR . Animals with no feed restriction from the beginning to the end of the experiment; QFR28 . Animals subjected to QFR for 28 days; QFR56 - Animals subjected to QFR for 56 days. Bulls subjected to 28 or 56 days of QFR showed lower daily consumption of dry mass (DCDM) and daily mean gain (DMG) during feeding restriction in comparison to NQFR bulls. After QFR, animals subjected to feeding restriction showed higher DCDM and DMG than NQFR bulls. A DMG increase was observed from the first (0.933 kg) to the second (1.873 kg) period, which indicates CG at the beginning of feedlot finishing. QFR28 bulls showed lower daily CG after QFR (37.9%) than QFR56 bulls (84.8%). The final weight was similar between treatments, indicating QFR for 28 or 56 days followed by no feeding restriction is a viable management alternative in feedlot finishing. Costs and liquid incomes were similar between treatments at the end of the experiment. Anticipating slaughter in 28 days resulted in higher liquid income in NQFR and QFR28, in comparison to the income obtained at the end of the experiment. Animals under QFR spent more time resting and tended to ruminate for more time during the 24h-period, if compared to bulls with concentrate diet. In general, animals spent more time feeding, ingesting water and consequently defecating and urinating during daytime. At night 73.75% of the time was spent with lying rumination or resting...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic adress)
Doutor
Reader, Scott W. "Effects of distiller's grains on performance and meat quality in steers at 70% inclusion." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/308.
Full textYao, Ping. "Quantitative trait loci mapping and candidate gene analysis for growth and carcass traits on two bovine chromosomes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4576.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
Jardim, Fernanda Barbosa Borges. "Influencia dos sistemas de alimentação de bovinos em pastagem ou confinamento na contaminação microbiana da pele e carcaça." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256185.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação microbiana da pele e superfície de carcaças bovinas, provenientes de bovinos em dois diferentes sistemas de alimentação. Foram selecionados 40 bovinos sadios da raça Nelore, separados em dois lotes de 20, que foram submetidos a dois sistemas de alimentação: extensiva em pastagem e intensiva em confinamento. Os animais foram abatidos no matadouro-frigorífico Boi Bravo sob SIF (Serviço de Inspeção Federal), localizado em Uberaba-MG, no período de Março a Dezembro de 2003. As amostras foram obtidas, conforme ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), pela técnica de esfregaço de superfície nas carcaças utilizando-se suabe. As contagens médias (log10 UFC/cm2) de aeróbios totais viáveis, coliformes totais e E. coli foram, respectivamente, 3,72, 1,27 e 0,86 (antes da esfola-na pele); 1,89, 0,40 e 0,40 (após a esfola-na carcaça); 2,19, 0,55 e 0,42 (após a lavagemna carcaça) para os bovinos de pastagem e 3,31, 0,65 e 0,64 (antes da esfola-na pele); 1,78, 0,40 e 0,40 (após a esfola-na carcaça); 1,82, 0,41 e 0,40 (após a lavagem-na carcaça) para os bovinos de confinamento. Os resultados na etapa antes da esfola apresentaram contagens médias mais elevadas, pois a pele pode apresentar acúmulos de fezes, microrganismos e sujeira sobre o pelame. A etapa após a lavagem apresentou contagem intermediária, sendo as etapas subseqüentes à esfola prováveis fontes de contaminação e a etapa após a esfola apresentou o menor nível de contaminação, indicando pequeno contato entre pele e carcaça. Os bovinos em pastagem apresentaram contagens médias superiores em relação aos bovinos em confinamento. Constatou-se que a pele dos animais em confinamento estavam em melhores condições gerais de higiene no momento do abate e, conseqüentemente, suas carcaças obtiveram menores contagens no abate. Sugere-se que as pastagens ofereceram um ambiente susceptível à contaminação dos bovinos, enquanto o ambiente restrito de confinamento ofereceu menores oportunidades de contaminação
Abstract: The objective of this research work was to evaluate the microbial contamination of the hide and surface from bovine carcasses, coming from cattle under two different feeding systems. Forty healthy bovine animals from Nelore breed were selected, being separated into two lots of 20 animals which were submitted to two feeding systems: extensive in pasture and intensive in feedlot. Animals were slaughtered under SIF (Federal Inspection Service) in the Boi Bravo slaughterhouse located in the region of the Uberaba-MG from March to December, 2003. The samples were obtained through the surface smear technique using swab on the bovine carcass, according to the ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Rules). The average counting (log10 CFU/cm2) for total viable aerobes, total coliforms and E. coli were respectively 3.72, 1.27 and 0.86 (before skinningon the hide); 1.89, 0.40 and 0.40 (after skinning-on the carcass); 2.19, 0.55 and 0.42 (before washing-on the carcass) for the pasture cattle and 3.31, 0.65 and 0.64 respectively (before skinning-on the hide); 1.78, 0.40 and 0.40 (after skinning-on the carcass); 1.82, 0.41 and 0.40 (before washing-on the carcass) for the feedlot cattle. The results in the stage before skinning presented higher average counting because the hide may present manure accumulation, microorganisms and dirt on the hair. The stage after washing presented an intermediate counting, the stages subsequent to skinning being probable sources of contamination and the stage after skinning exhibited the lowest contamination level indicating a low contact between the hide and carcass. Cattle in pasture presented higher average counting in relation to the cattle in feedlot. It was found that the hide from animals in feedlot was in better general conditions of hygiene at the moment of the slaughter and, consequently, their carcasses achieved the lowest contamination level at the slaughter. It was suggested that the pastures offered a susceptible environment to the contamination of cattle, while the restricted environment of feedlot offered fewer chances of contamination
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Polizel, Neto Angelo 1982. "Suplementação mineral protéica com cromo orgânico sobre o desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore e F1 Brangus X Nelore terminados em pastagem no Centro-Oeste do Brasil /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95295.
Full textBanca: Guilherme Fernando Alleoni
Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça
Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da suplementação mineral protéica com adição de cromo orgânico no desempenho produtivo, com avaliações de carcaça por meio de ultra-som, e na qualidade da carne de bovinos terminados em regime de pastagem. Foram utilizados 18 Nelore e 18 F1 Brangus x Nelore castrados, com idade inicial de 16 meses e abatidos aos 22 meses, distribuídos igualmente em dois tratamentos de suplementação mineral protéica com e sem adição de cromo orgânico. Não se observou diferença entre grupos genéticos quanto ao ganho peso vivo, entretanto animais suplementados com cromo apresentaram maior ganho (494 g/animal/dia) que os animais controle (420 g/animal/dia). Não se observou diferenças entre os tratamentos experimentais quanto à área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso e da garupa, tomados por meio do ultrasom, obtendo-se respectivamente valores médios finais de 63,42 cm2, 5,46 mm e 5,58 mm. Foi observado um peso médio de carcaça quente de 235,01 kg e rendimento médio de carcaça quente de 52,09%, com superioridade do tratamento cromo (238 kg e 52,9%) frente ao controle (231 kg e 51,2%), e sem diferença entre os grupos genéticos; e obtenção de carne de qualidade em todos os tratamentos experimentais estudados. Os Nelore e F1 Brangus x Nelore apresentam potencial similar de produção de carne de qualidade a pasto, e que a suplementação mineral protéica com adição de cromo orgânico incrementa o ganho de peso e o rendimento de carcaça, não influenciando nos parâmetros qualitativos avaliados da carne.
Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of mineral protein supplementation with organic chromium addition on productive performance, with carcass evaluations by means of ultrasound measures, and beef quality in steers finished on pasture system. For this, 18 Nellore and 18 F1 Brangus x Nellore steers were used, with 16 months of average initial age and sloughed at 22 months, distributed equally in two treatment of mineral protein supplementation with and without organic chromium addition. There was no observed difference between genetic groups regarding average daily gain (ADG). On the other hand, animals supplied with chromium showed better ADG (494 g) than control animals (420 g). Once again, there was no observed difference among experimental treatments regarding rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness at the back and at the rump, measured by ultrasound, reaching final mean values of 63,42 cm2, 5,46 mm e 5,58 mm, respectively. It was observed an average of 235.01 kg for hot carcass weight and 52.09% for average carcass yield, with a superiority for the chromium treatment (238 kg and 52.9%) versus control (231 kg and 51.2%), and without difference between genetic groups; also obtained quality beef in every experimental treatment evaluated. The Nellore e F1 Brangus x Nellore steers show equal production potential of the quality beef on pasture, and that mineral protein supplementation with organic chromium increase the weight gain and carcass yield, not influencing the evaluated beef quality parameters.
Polizel, Neto Angelo [UNESP]. "Suplementação mineral protéica com cromo orgânico sobre o desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore e F1 Brangus X Nelore terminados em pastagem no Centro-Oeste do Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95295.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da suplementação mineral protéica com adição de cromo orgânico no desempenho produtivo, com avaliações de carcaça por meio de ultra-som, e na qualidade da carne de bovinos terminados em regime de pastagem. Foram utilizados 18 Nelore e 18 F1 Brangus x Nelore castrados, com idade inicial de 16 meses e abatidos aos 22 meses, distribuídos igualmente em dois tratamentos de suplementação mineral protéica com e sem adição de cromo orgânico. Não se observou diferença entre grupos genéticos quanto ao ganho peso vivo, entretanto animais suplementados com cromo apresentaram maior ganho (494 g/animal/dia) que os animais controle (420 g/animal/dia). Não se observou diferenças entre os tratamentos experimentais quanto à área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso e da garupa, tomados por meio do ultrasom, obtendo-se respectivamente valores médios finais de 63,42 cm2, 5,46 mm e 5,58 mm. Foi observado um peso médio de carcaça quente de 235,01 kg e rendimento médio de carcaça quente de 52,09%, com superioridade do tratamento cromo (238 kg e 52,9%) frente ao controle (231 kg e 51,2%), e sem diferença entre os grupos genéticos; e obtenção de carne de qualidade em todos os tratamentos experimentais estudados. Os Nelore e F1 Brangus x Nelore apresentam potencial similar de produção de carne de qualidade a pasto, e que a suplementação mineral protéica com adição de cromo orgânico incrementa o ganho de peso e o rendimento de carcaça, não influenciando nos parâmetros qualitativos avaliados da carne.
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of mineral protein supplementation with organic chromium addition on productive performance, with carcass evaluations by means of ultrasound measures, and beef quality in steers finished on pasture system. For this, 18 Nellore and 18 F1 Brangus x Nellore steers were used, with 16 months of average initial age and sloughed at 22 months, distributed equally in two treatment of mineral protein supplementation with and without organic chromium addition. There was no observed difference between genetic groups regarding average daily gain (ADG). On the other hand, animals supplied with chromium showed better ADG (494 g) than control animals (420 g). Once again, there was no observed difference among experimental treatments regarding rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness at the back and at the rump, measured by ultrasound, reaching final mean values of 63,42 cm2, 5,46 mm e 5,58 mm, respectively. It was observed an average of 235.01 kg for hot carcass weight and 52.09% for average carcass yield, with a superiority for the chromium treatment (238 kg and 52.9%) versus control (231 kg and 51.2%), and without difference between genetic groups; also obtained quality beef in every experimental treatment evaluated. The Nellore e F1 Brangus x Nellore steers show equal production potential of the quality beef on pasture, and that mineral protein supplementation with organic chromium increase the weight gain and carcass yield, not influencing the evaluated beef quality parameters.
Castagnino, Pablo de Souza. "Performance, carcass traits and rumen fermentation from feedlot nellore cattle fed crude glycerin and virginiamycin /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152871.
Full textCoorientador: Giovani Fiorentini
Banca: Saulo da Luz e Silva
Banca: Otavio Rodrigues Machado Neto
Banca: Paulo Henrique Moura Dian
Banca: Juliana Duarte Messana
Resumo: O glicerol é um substrato utilizado por bactérias que metabolizam o lactato ruminal e a virginiamicina é um antibiótico não ionóforo que inibe o crescimento de bactérias gram-positivas produtoras de lactato. Foram realizados dois experimentos para avaliar os efeitos da glicerina bruta (GB) e da virginiamicina (VM) na ingestão, digestibilidade, fermentação ruminal, população microbiana, desempenho, características de carcaça e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos Nelore. Os tratamentos experimentais foram organizados em um arranjo fatorial 2 × 2: dietas sem virginiamicina (VM-) ou 25 mg de virginiamicina/kg de matéria seca (VM+) combinadas com dietas sem glicerina bruta (GB-) ou 100 g de glicerina bruta/kg de matéria seca (GB+). O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foi usado como forragem na proporção de 20% na matéria seca (MS) da dieta e a GB substituiu o milho na formulação da dieta. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados oito bovinos Nelore fistulados no rúmen (Peso corporal = 600 ± 34 kg, 26 ± 3 meses) em um quadrado latino 4×4 replicado (período= 21 dias) para se avaliar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, fermentação ruminal e população microbiana. A ingestão de MS teve uma tendência a aumentar em dietas com GB (P = 0,07). As digestibilidades aparentes totais dos nutrientes foram semelhantes entre as dietas (P ≥ 0,10). As dietas com GB ou VM apresentaram valores de pH similares (média = 6,15; P ≥ 0,10). A proporção de propionato aumentou 27,5% nas dietas com GB+, independ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Glycerol is a substrate used for bacteria that metabolize ruminal lactate and virginiamicyn is a non-ionophore antibiotic that inhibits the growth of gram-positive lactate-producing bacteria. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin (CG) combined with virginiamycin (VM) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial population, performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot Nellore cattle. Treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 factorial design: diets without virginiamycin (VM-) or virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM (VM+) combined with diets without crude glycerin (CG-) or CG (80% glycerol) at 100 g/kg DM (CG+). The sugar cane bagasse was used as the exclusive roughage in the proportion of 20% in the dry matter (DM) of diet and crude glycerin replaced corn in the diet formulation. In the first experiment, eight rumen fistulated bulls (BW= 600 ± 34 kg; 26 ± 3 months) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square (21-d periods) to evaluate the digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial population. The intake of DM had a tendency to be greater in CG+ than CG- diets (P = 0.07). Apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrients were similar among diets (P ≥ 0.10). Diets with CG or VM had similar values of pH (mean=6.15; P ≥ 0.10). The proportion of propionate increased 27.5% in CG+ diets, regardless of VM inclusion (P = 0.01). In the second experiment, forty-eight bulls with initial BW (408.4 ± 22.2 kg; 21 ± 2 months) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Cruz, Ana Rita Jacinto. "Desmancha de carcaças de bovino: influência no rendimento comercial e nos custos de produção." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6772.
Full textThe purposes of this study were to characterize the cutting of beef carcass, to compare suppliers and to develop models of meat dissection and production cost in order to evaluate its effects on the gross profits. The experimental basis was based on 50 samples of Holstein-friesian beef carcasses, 25 from supplier A and the remain 25 from supplier B. The average meat yield was 70,32±1,76%, with the 1st class meat presenting the highest yield (32,83±1,12%). Carcass weight presented itself as a good meat yield predictor. It was found that suppliers did not show a significant effect on the weight of the carcass pieces (P > 0,05). These pieces were grouped in “meat for processing” (MP) and in “vacuum packaged meat” (VPM). The highest meat dissection yield was obtained in MP from supplier B (51,02 %), while the highest cost was observed in VPM from the same supplier (4,24 €/kg). The highest production cost was verified in the VPM of supplier B (4,34 €/kg). It was demonstrated to be more profitable to buy carcasses from supplier A, since the gross profits was higher (0,76 €/kg) then from supplier B (0,64 €/kg). Results obtained with this study allow us to conclude that the implementation of these models in meat industry are of great importance for its economic viability.
Vacher, Michel. "Analyse d'images et developpement d'un capteur de vision active tridimensionnelle appliques au desossage automatise de carcasses de bovins." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF2D222.
Full textSouza, Vinícius Carneiro de. "Desempenho e parâmetros ósseos de bovinos nelore submetidos ou não à suplementação fosfórica durante o período de confinamento /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138124.
Full textCoorientador: Bruno Ramalho Vieira
Banca: Pedro Antônio Muniz Malafaia
Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira
Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação fosfórica (SP) sobre o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, parâmetros ósseos, qualidade de carne e a utilização do fósforo (P) por bovinos Nelores, durante o período de confinamento. Para tanto, utilizou-se 42 novilhos com peso médio inicial de 296±25 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 tratamentos e 14 repetições. A dieta era formada por bagaço de cana (200g/kg na MS) e concentrado (800g/kg na MS). Os tratamentos dietéticos foram: sem a adição de P suplementar (T1), núcleo mineral comercial (T2) e fosfato bicálcico (T3). Os teores porcentuais de P na MS foram 0,24; 0,42 e 0,50, respectivamente. Foram avaliados os consumos de MS, PB, FDN, Ca, P e Mg, bem como a absorção aparente, retenção, excreção fecal e urinária de P, o desempenho animal e as características da carcaça. As avaliações da qualidade óssea consistiram na determinação da composição química óssea, densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e densidade em água (DA), além dos valores séricos de cálcio (Ca), P, magnésio (Mg), paratormônio (PTH), fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a concentração de P na saliva e no líquido ruminal. Os consumos de MS, PB e FDN foram similares entre os grupos que receberam ou não a SP (P>0,05). As ingestões de Ca e Mg foram superiores nos tratamentos em que se adicionou o núcleo comercial ou o fosfato bicálcico (P<0,05). O consumo, a retenção e a excreção de P foram influenciados pelo aumento do teor de P nas dietas experimentais (P<0,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus supplementation (PS) on nutrient intake, performance and phosphorus (P) utilization by Nellore steers in a feedlot. Forty-two animals with an initial body weight of 296±25 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 14 replicates. The diet on a DM basis was comprised of sugarcane bagasse (200 g/kg) plus concentrate (800 g/kg). The treatments were without supplementary P (T1), commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle (T2) and dicalcium phosphate (T3) with 0.24, 0.42 or 0.50 % P, respectively. The DM, CP and NDF intakes were similar between the groups with or without the PS (P>0.05). The highest intakes of Ca and Mg were observed in the treatments with commercial mineral supplement or dicalcium phosphate. Intake, retention and excretion of P were influenced by the increase in P content in the experimental diets (P<0.05). Performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by P content in the diet (P>0.05). Supplementation with P significantly increased the excretion of P in the feces and urine and the feeding cost. Therefore, under Brazilian conditions, there is no justification for supplementing P in feedlot rations. The animals submitted or not to phosphorus supplementation had a similar content of Ca, Ca:P ratio and bone mineral density (BMD) at the 12th rib (P>0.05). However, animals of the T1 and T3 treatments had significant reductions in ma... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Vitteau, Didier. "Etude, réalisation et mise en oeuvre d'un capteur de vision active tridimensionnelle, type peigne : application au désossage automatique de carcasses de bovins." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21225.
Full textOliveira, Priscila Silva Neubern de [UNESP]. "Concentrados de alta fibra em dietas para a terminação de novilhas Nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96551.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de duas proporções de concentrado, 70 e 80%, com duas fontes energéticas, milho e farelo de gérmen de milho, e volumoso à base de silagem de milho, sob o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, características de carcaça, não componentes de carcaça e qualidade da carne de 28 novilhas Nelore confinadas, com aproximadamente 14 meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 200 kg, objetivando o abate. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado segundo esquema fatorial 2 x 2 ( 2 proporções de concentrado x 2 fontes energéticas) totalizando 4 tratamentos e 7 repetições, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve interação da proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta sobre o consumo de MS. Houve efeito significativo da interação proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta para os consumos de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), sendo que a maior proporção de concentrado, associada ao milho, possibilitou maior consumo diário de PB (1,17 kg/dia) e FDN (4,05 kg/dia). Observou-se valor médio de consumo de fibra em detergente ácido superior para as dietas com 80% de concentrado, tanto para a dieta com milho quanto com farelo de gérmen de milho. Houve efeito significativo da fonte energética da dieta sobre o peso final dos animais, sendo que os animais alimentados com as dietas contendo milho apresentaram valor médio de peso final (326,14 kg) superior aos alimentados com as dietas contendo farelo de gérmen de milho (292,07 kg). A associação de altas proporções de concentrado, com milho como fonte energética, proporciona resultados satisfatórios de ganho em peso e desempenho de novilhas Nelore, já a substituição total do milho pelo farelo de gérmen de milho, associado à altas proporções de concentrado ricos em fibra...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two proportions of concentrate, 70 and 80%, with two energy sources, corn and corn germ meal, and roughage basis of corn silage on the intake of nutrients, performance, characteristics of a carcass, non components of carcass and meat quality of confined 28 Nellore heifers. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 x 2 (2 proportions of concentrate x 2 energy sources) 4 replications and 7 treatments, and the averages has been compared by Tukey 5% test.. There was no interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source on the intake of dry matter. There was a significant effect of interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source intake for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), suggesting that a higher proportion of concentrate, with the corn, allowed greater intake of CP (1.17 kg / day) and NDF (4,05 kg / day). It was observed average intake of acid detergent fiber than for diets with 80% concentrate, with both the diet with corn as the corn germ meal. There was a significant effect of dietary energy source on the final weight of animals, and the animals fed the diets with corn had average final weight (326.14 kg), above the fed with diets with corn germ meal (292.07 kg). The association of high proportions of concentrate with corn as an energy source, provided satisfactory results in performance of Nellore heifers, since the replacement of the corn germ meal, associated with high proportions of concentrate rich in fiber, not was recommended for young Nellore heifers. There was a significant effect the energy source of the diet on the weight of empty body, and the animals that received the diets with corn showed the average value of empty body weight (309.44 kg) than the diets of with corn germ meal (276.42 kg). The carcass yield, the thickness... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Gandra, Tatiane Kuka Valente. "Identificação de pontos de contaminação por Salmonella spp. e enumeração de micro-organismos indicadores (mesófilos aeróbios e Enterobacteriaceae) no abate e processamento de bovinos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1331.
Full textMeat is one of the most important population diet items and has fundamental importance for the economy of the country. However, both for effective consoledation of Brazilian fresh beef exports to other markets, such as to offer domestic products with nutrition quality and food security is essential for maintaining an adequate shelf life and an acceptable microbiological quality of these products. In this context, this study was carried out to verify the microbiological quality by Salmonella spp., mesophilic aerobic microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae quantification on bovine carcasses from two abattoirs-slaughterhouses with different levels of sanitary inspection (federal and state), located in southern Rio Grande do Sul and beyond, curtailments, equipment surfaces, utensils, and hands of food handlers, in the slaughterhouse for state inspection. Sixty cattle carcasses were evaluated two abattoirs-slaughterhouses, in four points in the slaughter line (after bleeding, after skinning, after evisceration, after washing and before cooling), totaling 240 samples. In the state inspection slaughterhouse the carcasses were sampled environmental surface slaughtering and processing (sawing open the breastbone, sawing the division of carcasses, table, knife and handlers) and two cuts (loin and fillet) totaling 52 samples. For statistical evaluation of results was carried out an analysis of variance followed by Tukey test and determining the correlation coefficients between microbial concentrations recorded in the sampled points. Among the points studied showed higher concentrations of mesophilic aerobic micro-organisms and Enterobactericeae as well as the presence of Salmonella spp. at the collection point after bleeding, indicating that the leather of cattle is a introduction source of microorganisms in the environment two abattoirs-slaughterhouses, and that the operations of hygiene and sanitation leather cattle before slaughter were not effective for prevent entry of these microorganisms in the environment of slaughter. From the scores of environmental surfaces found that the handlers are an important point of contamination in the state inspection slaughterhouse considering that showed significantly higher concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and Enterobactericeae in comparison with other items of the environment. Salmonella spp. was found in the leather of cattle, in the two abattoirs-slaughterhouses, however, was not detected in any other sample point of the slaughter line or in the environment and cuts, showing that the culling operations were effective to control contamination carcass and meat cuts for that microorganism. Finally, the slaughterhouses with different levels of sanitary inspection showed high correlation coefficients for the concentration of micro-organisms and aerobic mesophile (R=0,97) Enterobactericeae (R=0,91), and for the presence of Salmonella spp. no significant differences, indicating that the forms of contamination of carcasses during slaughter operations for these microorganisms are probably the same.
A carne é um dos itens mais importantes da dieta alimentar da população brasileira e possui fundamental importância para a economia do País. Contudo, tanto para consolidação efetiva da exportação brasileira de carne bovina in natura e de seus derivados a outros mercados, como para oferecer ao mercado interno produtos com qualidade nutricional e segurança alimentar é indispensável † manutenção de uma vida til adequada e de uma qualidade microbiológica aceitável para estes produtos. Neste contexto, este estudo foi realizado com intuito de verificar a qualidade microbiológica, através da pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e da quantificação de micro- organismos mesófilos aeróbios e de Enterobacteriaceae, em carcaças bovinas, provenientes de dois frigoríficos-matadouros com níveis de inspeção sanitária diferentes (estadual e federal), localizados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e, além destas, em cortes, superfícies de equipamentos, utensílios e m os de manipuladores, no frigorífico de Inspeção Estadual. Foram avaliadas 60 carcaças bovinas nos dois frigoríficos, em quatro pontos da linha de abate (após a sangria, após a esfola, após a eviscera€ o e após a lavagem pré-resfriamento), totalizando 240 amostras. No frigorífico com Inspeção Estadual, além das carcaças, foram amostradas superfícies do ambiente de abate e processamento (serra de abertura do esterno, serra de divisão das carcaças, mesa, faca e m os dos manipuladores) e dois cortes (alcatra e filé) que totalizaram 52 amostras. Para avalia€ o estatística dos resultados realizou-se uma análise de variância seguida do teste de Tuckey e determinaram-se coeficientes de correlação entre as concentrações microbianas verificadas nos pontos amostrados. Dentre os pontos avaliados verificaram-se maiores concentrações de micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios e de Enterobactericeae, bem como a presença de Salmonella spp. no ponto de coleta ap‚s a sangria, indicando que o couro de bovinos Š fonte de introdu€ o de micro- organismos no ambiente de abate para dois frigoríficos, e que as opera€Žes de higiene e sanitiza€ o do couro de bovinos que antecedem o abate n o foram efetivas para impedir entrada destes micro-organismos no ambiente de abate. A partir das contagens das superfícies do ambiente constatou-se que as m os dos manipuladores s o um ponto importante de contamina€ o de mes‚filos aeróbios e de Enterobactericeae no frigorífico de Inspeção Estadual. Salmonella spp. foi encontrada no couro dos bovinos, nos dois Frigor‡ficos avaliados, entretanto, n o foi detectada em nenhum outro ponto de amostragem da linha de abate, do ambiente e nem nos cortes cŒrneos, demonstrando que as operações de abate foram efetivas para o controle da contaminação da carcaça e dos cortes cŒrneos, por esse micro- organismo. Os frigoríficos com diferentes n‡veis de inspeção sanitária apresentaram elevados coeficientes de correlação para a concentração de micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios (R=0,97) e Enterobactericeae (R=0,91), e em relação à presença de Salmonella spp. n o apresentaram diferença significativa, indicando que as formas de contaminação das carcaças durante as operações de abate para estes micro-organismos s o provavelmente as mesmas.
Pacheco, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano [UNESP]. "Características físicas e químicas da carcaça de bovinos jovens suplementados com monensina sódica ou anticorpos policlonais aviários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95331.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os possíveis impactos causados pela suplementação de anticorpos policlonais Y contra Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum e algumas cepas de bacterias proteolíticas, ou monensina sódica na carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos jovens. Foram usados 72 animais, sendo 24 nelores puros, NE, 24 canchins (3/8 Nelore e 5/8 Charolês, CC) e 24 Tri-cross (½ sangue Brangus, ¼ Nelore e ¼ Angus, TC), desmamados com sete meses de idade. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta de alta proporção de concentrado duas vezes ao dia, no período da manhã e tarde e monitorados a cada 28 dias com ultra-som em tempo real. Não houve interação (P>0,05) aditivo x grupo genético. NE apresentaram menor (P<0,05) peso inicial, final, área de olho de lombo e quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados e maior CLA (P<0,01) quando comparados aos outros grupos genéticos. CC apresentou maior (P<0,05) área de olho de lombo e menor (P<0,05) espessura de gordura subcutânea, comparando TC e NE. TC obteve menor (P<0,05) rendimento de carcaça e força de cisalhamento. O grupo suplementado com anticorpos obteve menor rendimento de carcaça, enquanto não houve efeito de aditivo para os demais parâmetros avaliados. O uso de anticorpos não afetou negativamente os parâmetros estudados neste trabalho, salvo o rendimento de carcaça.
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feed additive (300 mg monensin/hd, MO, vs 10 mL/hd of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactateproducing bacteria, PAP ) or biotype (Nellore, NE, Canchim cross, 5/8 Charolais, 3/8 Nellore, CC, or a 3-way cross, ½ Brangus, ¼ Nellore and ¼ Angus, TC) on ultrasound (US)-assessed measures of fat and ribeye area, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi tenderness (shear force, SF, and myofibrillar fragmentation index, MFI) of bullocks fed high-concentrate diets. 72 bullocks were allocated in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement replicated thrice (4 bullocks/pen) of feed additive (FA) and biotype (GG), and monitored monthly for a 107-d (CC and TC) or 147-d (NE) feeding period. Analyses of variance included the initial measurement covariate when appropriate (P < 0.05). Final (BW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) were unaffected (P < 0.05) by FA, but were lower (P < 0.05) for NE than CC and TC. Dressing percentage (DP) was lower (P < 0.05) for TC than NE and CC bullocks. Monensin had greater (P < 0.05) DP than PAP. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of FA on monthly measurements of fat depth (BFT), rump fat (P8), visceral fat (VF), ribeye area (REA), or SF and MFI. Bullocks of CC biotype were leaner (P < 0.05; less BFT and P8) than those of TC and NE biotypes. Bullocks of NE biotype had smaller (P < 0.05) REA than those of CC and TC biotypes. Steaks of TC biotype had lower (P < 0.05) SF values than those of the other biotypes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in MFI or VF due to biotypes. NE presented greater (P<0,01) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and CLA. Other than effects of PAP on DP, PAP did not affect carcass fat, REA or tenderness.
Martins, Tainá Eburneo. "Efeitos da suplementação de 25-hidroxi-vitamina D3 na dieta de bovinos de corte confinados." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192632.
Full textResumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficiência da suplementação de 25-hidroxicolecalciferol no desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne e na expressão de genes relacionados ao anabolismo e ao catabolismo do músculo esquelético de bovinos de categoria Nelore confinados. Cento e vinte machos, com peso inicial médio de 370± 20 kg provindos de pastagem contínua, foram divididos em três tratamentos de acordo com a quantidade suplementada ou não a dieta durante o período experimental: T1 - tratamento controle sem inclusão de 25-hidroxicolecalciferol; T2 - dieta + 1mg/cab/dia de 25-hidroxicolecalciferol; T3 - dieta + 3mg/cab/dia de 25-hidroxicolecalciferol, delineados em blocos casualizados (40 animais por tratamento, 5 animais por baia e 8 baias por tratamento, sendo as baias as unidades experimentais). A duração do experimento foi de 96 dias, sendo 15 dias de adaptação, divididos em dois períodos (7 e 8 dias) de dietas com níveis crescentes de concentrado (76% e 81%), respectivamente; 28 dias de crescimento e a partir desse período foram fornecidas as dietas de terminação durante 53 dias com 91% de concentrado. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando-se o procedimento PROC MIXED do software SAS (2003) e o teste de Tukey para comparação entre as médias, considerando significativos valores de p≤0,05. No período total do confinamento, a suplementação com 1 mg aumentou o rendimento de carcaça dos animais e os resultados d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in productive performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and expression of genes related to anabolism and catabolism of skeletal muscle in Nellore cattle. One hundred and twenty male from continuous pasture, with an average initial weight of 370 kg± 20 kg, divided into three treatments: T1: control treatment without the inclusion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, T2: diet + inclusion of 1 mg / cab / day of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and T3: diet + inclusion of 3 mg / cab / day of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, outlined in randomized blocks (40 animals per treatment, 5 animals per pen and 8 pens per treatment, the pens being the experimental units). The duration of the experiment was 96 days, with 15 days of adaptation, divided into two periods (7 and 8 days) of diets with increasing levels of concentrate (76% and 81%), respectively; 28 days of growth and after that period the finish diets were provided for 53 days with 91% concentrate. The selected data will be used in the analysis of variance using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software (2003) and Tukey test for comparison between media, considering P values ≤ 0.05. In the total feedlot period, supplementation with 1 mg increase carcass yield and meat pH results showed a linear increase between treatments. In addition, for the variables of blood 25 (OH) D3, iCa and muscle Ca the results were higher for the treatmen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pacheco, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano 1983. "Características físicas e químicas da carcaça de bovinos jovens suplementados com monensina sódica ou anticorpos policlonais aviários /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95331.
Full textBanca: Paulo Roberto Leme
Banca: Rafael da Costa Cervieri
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os possíveis impactos causados pela suplementação de anticorpos policlonais Y contra Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum e algumas cepas de bacterias proteolíticas, ou monensina sódica na carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos jovens. Foram usados 72 animais, sendo 24 nelores puros, NE, 24 canchins (3/8 Nelore e 5/8 Charolês, CC) e 24 Tri-cross (½ sangue Brangus, ¼ Nelore e ¼ Angus, TC), desmamados com sete meses de idade. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta de alta proporção de concentrado duas vezes ao dia, no período da manhã e tarde e monitorados a cada 28 dias com ultra-som em tempo real. Não houve interação (P>0,05) aditivo x grupo genético. NE apresentaram menor (P<0,05) peso inicial, final, área de olho de lombo e quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados e maior CLA (P<0,01) quando comparados aos outros grupos genéticos. CC apresentou maior (P<0,05) área de olho de lombo e menor (P<0,05) espessura de gordura subcutânea, comparando TC e NE. TC obteve menor (P<0,05) rendimento de carcaça e força de cisalhamento. O grupo suplementado com anticorpos obteve menor rendimento de carcaça, enquanto não houve efeito de aditivo para os demais parâmetros avaliados. O uso de anticorpos não afetou negativamente os parâmetros estudados neste trabalho, salvo o rendimento de carcaça.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feed additive (300 mg monensin/hd, MO, vs 10 mL/hd of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactateproducing bacteria, PAP ) or biotype (Nellore, NE, Canchim cross, 5/8 Charolais, 3/8 Nellore, CC, or a 3-way cross, ½ Brangus, ¼ Nellore and ¼ Angus, TC) on ultrasound (US)-assessed measures of fat and ribeye area, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi tenderness (shear force, SF, and myofibrillar fragmentation index, MFI) of bullocks fed high-concentrate diets. 72 bullocks were allocated in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement replicated thrice (4 bullocks/pen) of feed additive (FA) and biotype (GG), and monitored monthly for a 107-d (CC and TC) or 147-d (NE) feeding period. Analyses of variance included the initial measurement covariate when appropriate (P < 0.05). Final (BW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) were unaffected (P < 0.05) by FA, but were lower (P < 0.05) for NE than CC and TC. Dressing percentage (DP) was lower (P < 0.05) for TC than NE and CC bullocks. Monensin had greater (P < 0.05) DP than PAP. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of FA on monthly measurements of fat depth (BFT), rump fat (P8), visceral fat (VF), ribeye area (REA), or SF and MFI. Bullocks of CC biotype were leaner (P < 0.05; less BFT and P8) than those of TC and NE biotypes. Bullocks of NE biotype had smaller (P < 0.05) REA than those of CC and TC biotypes. Steaks of TC biotype had lower (P < 0.05) SF values than those of the other biotypes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in MFI or VF due to biotypes. NE presented greater (P<0,01) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and CLA. Other than effects of PAP on DP, PAP did not affect carcass fat, REA or tenderness.
Mestre
Mesquita, José Ricardo de Carvalho. "Estudo morfológico do rim correlacionado com alguns parâmetros da carcaça em bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06082007-163141/.
Full textMeasurement of the right and left kidneys were accomplished, non castrated and castrated carcasses of bovine Nelore. The averages managed of the groups and the respective deviation pattern for the renal measurement were: length of the right kidney 16.85 ± 1.10 cm, respectively; length of the left kidney 16.20 ± 1.15 cm. The widths of the kidneys right and left presented averages and standard deviation to 9.20 ± 0.80 cm and 9.35 ± 0.90 cm, respectively. For the variable weight of the kidneys right and left, the averages and standard deviation were, respectively, of 347.90 Kg ± 32.55 Kg and 343.25 Kg ± 32.20 Kg. The number of lobes observed in the kidneys right and left obtained averages and standard deviation of 16.30 ± 4.50 and 15.90 ± 3.90, respectively. The averages and respective deviation pattern of variables of the involved groups for carcass were: for weight of right and left hemicarcass 137.00 ± 8.00 and 141.10 ± 8.00 Kg total weight of the carcass 278.10 ± 15.90 Kg; carcass exploitation 55.80 ± 1.30%; fat thickness 6.30 ± 2.6 cm, carcass length 1.28 ± 0.03 m. For comparison of the different measurement, the animals were divided in two groups (non castrated and castrated). Significant differences (P <0,01) were observed for almost all the carcass variables except for length. For kidney variables, significant results were observed for width of right kidney (P <0,01), weight of right kidney, weight of left kidney and total weight of kidneys (P <0,05). The estimates of correlations among all the characteristics were of low magnitude, indicating association absence among the different measures.
Mücke, Denise. "Efeitos da posição da carcaça durante o resfriamento na qualidade da carne bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-23022006-145013/.
Full textTen Nellore steer carcasses, with average age of 36 months were slaughtered at the meats lab of FZEA USP and alternate right or left sides were placed in the cooler hung either by the Achilles tendon (TA) or horizontally placed over pallets, outside facing up (HO). Carcass were chilled for 48 hours at 0 2ºC. After the chilling period, loin eye area (LEA) and fat thickness (FT) were measured. One inch thick samples from each of the following muscles were removed, loin, tenderloin, eye round, knuckle and chuck tender and after 5 days in the cooler were frozen for future analysis. There was not a statistical difference for LEA and FT between treatments. After thawing the samples were analyzed for shear force through the Warner Bratzler device and there was not statistical difference for the tenderloin, eye round and chuck tender muscles between treatments. The shear force of the knuckle (5.13 Kg) was lower (p=0.029) for the HO treatment than for the TA (6,24 Kg). The loin also had a shear force of 6,4 Kg statistically lower (p=0.007) for the HO treatment when compared to 7.7 Kg for the TA treatment. The loin and knuckle of the carcasses cooled horizontally were more tender. Further studies evaluating MFI and sarcomere length must be done.
Sampaio, Ricardo Linhares [UNESP]. "Estratégias de suplementação na recria e terminação de bovinos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104081.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliaram-se 144 bovinos mestiços não castrados, manejados em lotação intermitente em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito no desempenho de bovinos de corte de diferentes níveis de suplementação da dieta (baixo, médio e alto) nas estações de seca e de águas, durante fase de recria, e diferentes sistemas de terminação (no pasto ou confinamento), além de verificar o efeito de planos nutricionais crescente, contínuo e decrescente nas características físicas e químicas da carcaça desses animais. Na transição entre as etapas avaliadas durante a fase recria (seca e águas), cada grupo de animal avaliado na seca foi dividido em 3 subgrupos sendo 1/3 de cada distribuído nos tratamentos das águas. Na fase de terminação cada grupo avaliado durante a recria foi dividido, sendo metade terminado no pasto e a outra metade em confinamento. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem 500 kg de peso corporal. Tanto na seca quanto nas águas o desempenho se elevou com o aumento do nível nutricional do suplemento. Na terminação obteve-se ganho médio diário da ordem de 1,476 kg/dia e 0,731 kg/dia no confinamento e no pasto, respectivamente. Ao abate não foi observado diferença no rendimento de carcaça, porém, animais terminados em confinamento apresentaram espessura de gordura subcutânea (4,46 mm) superior aos animais terminados no pasto (2,06 mm)
144 unregistered half-breed cattle, managed in a rotational stocking in pasture of Brachiara brizantha, were evaluated with the purpose of diagnosing the effects on the performance of beef cattle from different levels of diet supplementation (low, medium, high), at dry and wet seasons, during the growing phase, in different ending systems (pasture or confinement), besides checking the effects of increasing, continuous and decreasing nutritional plans on the physical and chemical characteristics of the carcass of those animals. In the transition between the steps rated during the growing phase (wet and dry seasons), each animal group of the dry season was divided in three subgroups, being a third part of it distributed in the water treatments. At the ending phase, each group evaluated in the period of growing was divided in two endings: the first at pasture whereas the second at confinement. The animals were slaughtered when they achieved 500kg of corporal weight. Both in dry and wet seasons, the performance rose with the raise of the supplement’s nutritional level. At the end, the daily average gain obtained was from the order of 1.476 kg/day and 0.731 kg/day in confinement and pasture, respectively. It was not noticed any difference in the income of carcass at the slaughter, although animals that ended in confinement showed a subcutaneous grease thick (4.46 mm) superior to the animals that ended in pasture (2.,06 mm)
Nascimento, Felipe de Almeida [UNESP]. "Gordura protegida com diferentes perfis de ácidos graxos na alimentação de bovinos Nelore confinados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150344.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da adição de um blend de óleo vegetal protegido, contendo uma mistura de ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados, sobre o desempenho e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore confinados. Foram utilizados 53 bovinos machos da raça Nelore, não castrados, com peso corporal (PC) inicial de 315 ± 5,9 kg e idade média de 20 meses. Seis animais foram abatidos inicialmente e 47 animais foram confinados, distribuídos em baias individuais. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, levando em consideração o PC inicial dos animais, utilizando o animal como unidade experimental, com os seguintes tratamentos:1) dieta controle sem inclusão de gordura protegida (CON, n=16); 2) dieta com inclusão de óleo de soja protegido (NUT, n=16); 3) dieta com inclusão de um blend de óleo vegetal protegido contendo uma mistura de ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados (BPR, n=15). Animais que receberam o tratamento BRP tiveram melhor EA, em 5,88%, de 0,17 para 0,18, em comparação aos animais que receberam a dieta NUT. A ELm e a ELg foi maior para os animais que receberam o tratamento BRP quando comparado a adição de NUT (P<0.01), o aumento foi de 0,16 Mcal/kg e 0,14 Mcal/kg respectivamente. O GMDc foi maior para os animais que consumiram BRP (0,946 kg/dia) em comparação aos que consumiram NUT (0,853 kg/dia) (P=0.03). Isso proporcionou aumento de 13 kg no peso de carcaça quente para os animais do tratamento BRP (297 kg) em comparação aos animais do tratamento NUT (284 kg) (P=0,03). Animais que receberam dietas com adição de gordura protegida apresentaram maior teor de EE na carcaça, 19,1%, quando comparados aos animais que receberam a dieta controle, 17,1%. A carne de animais que consumiram BRP apresentaram maiores teores de AGI (P=0,04) e teores de ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos (P=0,05). Conclui-se que a adição de BRP proporciona melhor EA, EAc, GMDc, teor de AGI e hipocolesterolêmico de bovinos terminados em confinamento.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of a blend of protected vegetable oil containing a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the performance and meat quality of confined Nellore cattle. A total of 53 males were used, with an initial body weight (BW) of 315 ± 5.9 kg and mean age of 20 months. Six animals were initially slaughtered and 47 animals were confined, distributed in individual pens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, taking into account the initial BW of the animals, using the animal as an experimental unit, with the following treatments: 1) control diet without inclusion of protected fat (CON, n = 16); 2) diet with inclusion of protected soybean oil (NUT, n = 16); 3) diet containing a blend of protected vegetable oil containing a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (BPR, n = 15). Animals that received the BRP treatment had better G:F in 5.88%, 0.17 to 0.18, compared to animals that received the diet NUT. NEm and NEg were higher for animals receiving BRP when compared to NUT (P <0.01), the increase was 0.16 Mcal/kg and 0.14 Mcal/kg, respectively. The ADGc was higher for the animals that consumed BRP (0.946 kg/d) compared to those that consumed NUT (0.853 kg/d) (P = 0.03). This led to an increase of 13 kg hot carcass weight for animals BRP treatment (297 kg) compared to animals NUT treatment (284 kg) (P = 0.03 Animals that received diets with added protected fat had a higher EE content in the carcass, 19.1%, when compared to the animals that received the control diet, 17.1%. The meat of animals that consumed BRP had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.04) and levels of hypocholesterolemic fatty acids (P = 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of BRP provides better EA, EAc, GMDc, unsaturated fatty acids and hypocholesterolemic content of feedlot terminated bovines.
Figueiredo, Luís Gustavo Girardi. "Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos de características de carcaças feitas por ultra-sonografia em bovinos da raça Nelore." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20022004-115858/.
Full textThis research was conducted to estimate variance components and genetic parameters of carcass traits of Nelore cattle, measured through ultrasound equipment, and also the genetic relationship of those traits with growth traits and visual scores. Data came from three different herds. 1,696 animals were measured in two farms owned by Agro-Pecuaria CFM Ltda. (herd 1) and 951 animals were measured at Fazenda Mundo Novo, owned by Manah Agropastoril Ltda. (herd 2). The traits analyzed were: loin-eye are (AOL, cm2), subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS, mm), weaning weight (PESDES, kg), weight gain from weaning to yearling (GP345, kg), yearling weight (PESSOB, kg), and height (ALT, cm). Visual scores were muscle score (MUSC), body conformation (CONF) e precocity (PREC). (Co)variance components were estimated by REML methods, using the software MTDFREML, under single traits (to estimate components for AOL and EGS) and twotraits analysis to estimate genetic correlations among AOL and EGS and the other traits. Heritability estimates for AOL were 0.19 (herd 1) and 0.41 (herd 2). While for EGS the values estimated were 0.04 (herd 1) and 0.19 (herd 2). The heritability coefficients estimated suggest that the traits can be selected. Further studies are suggested as related to (co)variance components estimation for ultrasound measurements in Nelore cattle.
Sampaio, Ricardo Linhares. "Estratégias de suplementação na recria e terminação de bovinos de corte /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104081.
Full textAbstract: 144 unregistered half-breed cattle, managed in a rotational stocking in pasture of Brachiara brizantha, were evaluated with the purpose of diagnosing the effects on the performance of beef cattle from different levels of diet supplementation (low, medium, high), at dry and wet seasons, during the growing phase, in different ending systems (pasture or confinement), besides checking the effects of increasing, continuous and decreasing nutritional plans on the physical and chemical characteristics of the carcass of those animals. In the transition between the steps rated during the growing phase (wet and dry seasons), each animal group of the dry season was divided in three subgroups, being a third part of it distributed in the water treatments. At the ending phase, each group evaluated in the period of growing was divided in two endings: the first at pasture whereas the second at confinement. The animals were slaughtered when they achieved 500kg of corporal weight. Both in dry and wet seasons, the performance rose with the raise of the supplement's nutritional level. At the end, the daily average gain obtained was from the order of 1.476 kg/day and 0.731 kg/day in confinement and pasture, respectively. It was not noticed any difference in the income of carcass at the slaughter, although animals that ended in confinement showed a subcutaneous grease thick (4.46 mm) superior to the animals that ended in pasture (2.,06 mm)
Orientador: Flávio Dutra de Resende
Coorientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis
Banca: Renata Helena Branco
Banca: Marco Antonio Alvares Balsalobre
Banca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Banca: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Doutor
Cucki, Thalita Oliveira [UNESP]. "A eficiência do sistema superprecoce com bovinos de diferentes proporções do genótipo Bos indicus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104140.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da proporção de sangue zebuíno no desempenho animal em confinamento, mensuração do crescimento animal, bem como as características de carcaça ao abate de bovinos jovens. Foram utilizados 96 novilhos não castrados, sendo, 24 da raça Nelore (N), 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH), 24 da raça Brangus (BG) e 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Pardo - Suíço (TPS). Maior peso ao abate foi apresentado pelo grupo TPS (<0,01), seguidos pelos grupos BG e TBH, assim como maior ganho de peso médio diário, não diferindo do grupo BG.O grupo N apresentou menor ganho de peso médio diário e pior conversão alimentar (<0,01), entretanto apresentaram o maior peso de carcaça quente, juntamente com os grupos TPS e TBH, mesmo não diferindo dos outros três grupos quanto ao rendimento de carcaça.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efects of different proportions of Bos indicus genotype on the feedlot performance, animal growth and carcass traits. There were used 96 bull calves, being 24 Nelore (N), 24 Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH) threecrosses, 24 Brangus (BG) e 24 Angus x Nelore x Brown Suiss (TPS) threecrosses. The TPS cross showed higher slaugther weigth (<0.01) followed by the BG and TBH groups. The groups TPS and BG had higher average daily gain. The N group had lower average daily gain and worst feed conversion rate (<0.01). However, it had, with the TPS and TBH groups, higher hot carcass weigths. The carcass yield did not differ among the treatments.
Coutinho, Carolina Cesarino [UNESP]. "Curvas de crescimento de características de carcaça obtidas por ultrassonografia em bovinos Nelore selecionados para peso pós desmame." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108835.
Full textO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da seleção para peso pós desmame nos parâmetros das curvas de crescimento das características de crescimento e de carcaça. Foram analisados registros de 2404 animais da raça Nelore provenientes de três linhas de seleção: duas linhas de seleção para maior peso pós desmame, denominadas Nelore Seleção (NeS) e Nelore Tradicional (NeT), e de uma linha controle (NeC) em que os animais são selecionados para a média do peso. Foram estudadas as características peso corporal (PC), altura da garupa (ALT), área do músculo longissimus dorsi (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso (EGS) e da garupa (EGG), obtidas dos 8 aos 20 meses de idade para os machos e dos 11 aos 26 meses para as fêmeas. Os parâmetros A (valor assintótico) e k (taxa de crescimento) foram estimados pela técnica de modelos não lineares, incluindo o efeito fixo de rebanho (NeS, NeT e NeC) no modelo de análise, com o objetivo de verificar diferenças nos parâmetros estimados nos diferentes rebanhos. Os animais selecionados (NeS e NeT) apresentaram maior taxa de crescimento em comparação com o rebanho controle (NeC), para todas as características. O efeito de linha de seleção sobre os parâmetros da curva de crescimento foi significativo (<0,001) para PC, ALT e AOL nos machos, e nas fêmeas para EGS e EGG. A seleção para peso pós-desmame é efetiva em alterar as curvas de crescimento, resultando em animais com maior potencial de crescimento.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selection for postweaning weight parameters in growth curves of growth and carcass traits. Records of 2404 Nellore animals from three selection lines were analyzed: two selection lines for high postweaning weight (NeS and NeT), Selection Nellore (NeS) and Traditional Nellore (NeT), and a control line (NeC), in which animals are selected for the mean weight. The measurements were performed: body weight (BW), hip height (ALT), Longissimus muscle area (AOL), back fat thickness (EGL) and rump fat thickness (EGG). Records were collected from 8 to 20 months of age for males and 11 after 26 months of age for females. The parameters A (asymptotic value) and k (growth rate) were estimated by technique of nonlinear models using NLIN procedure of SAS, that included fixed effect of herd (NeS NeT and NeC) in the model, with the objective of evaluate differences in the estimated parameters in different herds. The selected animals (NES and NeT) showed higher growth rate than control herd (NEC) for all traits. Herd effect on curves parameters was significant (<0,001) for PC, ALT and AOL in males, and females for EGS and EGG. Selection for postweaning weight was effective in altering growth curves, resulting in animals with greater growth potential.
Coutinho, Carolina Cesarino 1987. "Curvas de crescimento de características de carcaça obtidas por ultrassonografia em bovinos Nelore selecionados para peso pós desmame /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108835.
Full textCoorientador: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
Banca: Otavio R. M. Neto
Banca: Lenira El Faro Zadra
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da seleção para peso pós desmame nos parâmetros das curvas de crescimento das características de crescimento e de carcaça. Foram analisados registros de 2404 animais da raça Nelore provenientes de três linhas de seleção: duas linhas de seleção para maior peso pós desmame, denominadas Nelore Seleção (NeS) e Nelore Tradicional (NeT), e de uma linha controle (NeC) em que os animais são selecionados para a média do peso. Foram estudadas as características peso corporal (PC), altura da garupa (ALT), área do músculo longissimus dorsi (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso (EGS) e da garupa (EGG), obtidas dos 8 aos 20 meses de idade para os machos e dos 11 aos 26 meses para as fêmeas. Os parâmetros A (valor assintótico) e k (taxa de crescimento) foram estimados pela técnica de modelos não lineares, incluindo o efeito fixo de rebanho (NeS, NeT e NeC) no modelo de análise, com o objetivo de verificar diferenças nos parâmetros estimados nos diferentes rebanhos. Os animais selecionados (NeS e NeT) apresentaram maior taxa de crescimento em comparação com o rebanho controle (NeC), para todas as características. O efeito de linha de seleção sobre os parâmetros da curva de crescimento foi significativo (<0,001) para PC, ALT e AOL nos machos, e nas fêmeas para EGS e EGG. A seleção para peso pós-desmame é efetiva em alterar as curvas de crescimento, resultando em animais com maior potencial de crescimento.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selection for postweaning weight parameters in growth curves of growth and carcass traits. Records of 2404 Nellore animals from three selection lines were analyzed: two selection lines for high postweaning weight (NeS and NeT), Selection Nellore (NeS) and Traditional Nellore (NeT), and a control line (NeC), in which animals are selected for the mean weight. The measurements were performed: body weight (BW), hip height (ALT), Longissimus muscle area (AOL), back fat thickness (EGL) and rump fat thickness (EGG). Records were collected from 8 to 20 months of age for males and 11 after 26 months of age for females. The parameters A (asymptotic value) and k (growth rate) were estimated by technique of nonlinear models using NLIN procedure of SAS, that included fixed effect of herd (NeS NeT and NeC) in the model, with the objective of evaluate differences in the estimated parameters in different herds. The selected animals (NES and NeT) showed higher growth rate than control herd (NEC) for all traits. Herd effect on curves parameters was significant (<0,001) for PC, ALT and AOL in males, and females for EGS and EGG. Selection for postweaning weight was effective in altering growth curves, resulting in animals with greater growth potential.
Mestre
Soria, Rafael Ferreira. "Características de carcaças bovinas obtidas por frigoríficos na região central do Brasil, um retrato espacial e temporal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10112005-154307/.
Full textBeef carcass characteristics are indirectly related with meat quality and helps to identify limitations and progresses of the productive system. Wherefore establishing a picture of such characteristics and their annual and pluriannual variations represents an essential tool on information transference for the beef supply chain management and sustainability. This study was based on data from a beef industry composed by four unities located in important Brazilian regions for beef cattle production (Southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Middle-West of São Paulo State, Northwest of Goiás State and at Triângulo Mineiro Region of Minas Gerais State), during 31 months (January, 2001 to August, 2003). Database analysis allowed to describe beef carcass characteristics within periods over a year and among years of industrial activity. Producers from regions close to the plants inside the same state were their main suppliers, except for the unity in the São Paulo State where a large number of animals came from East of Mato Grosso do Sul State. Castrated males represented 75.96% of total slaughter, intact males 10.88% and females 13.16%. The number of female slaughtered increased over the second semester of 2002 reducing thus the proportion of male slaughtered. There was an influence of the supplying region on sexual condition, maturity and finishing of castrated males with up to four permanent incisors (steers). However, the main carcass pattern in all unities, when considering number and frequency, was castrated males with at least six permanent incisors, representing 61.6% of total slaughter. The Goiás States plant slaughtered the highest number of intact males with 36% of its total slaughter. The Minas Gerais States plant registered the highest proportion of steers when considering castrated male slaughtered, averaging 25% of its total. Steers with finishing grade 3 (fat thickness 3 to 6 mm) represented 7.9% of all carcasses, distinguishing Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo States plants in which two-thirds of steers reached that finishing grade. The supply of steers finishing grade 3 had two peaks with increasing offer over the years, from April to July and from August to November. The number of these carcasses did not follow steers supply with a regional influence. São Paulo State plant was the only one regularly supplied with properly finished steers. The average carcass weight was 264.4 kg (SE ± 15.2 kg). Heavier carcasses were obtained only when animals slaughtered grew older with frequencies of carcass weight over 269.9 kg corresponding to 40.6% of the older castrated males and 22.9% of the steers. The most frequent carcass weight ranged from 240 to 254.9 kg for steers with finishing grade 3 in all plants, except for the one at Minas Gerais State where the predominant weight range was over 269.9 kg.
Carreira, Emanuel Ruben dos Santos. "Eficácia de modalidades de recria/engorda em bovinos de carne." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17771.
Full textSmaniotto, Bruna Domeneghetti. "Prevalência de tuberculose e cisticercose bovina em frigorífico no estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 1995 a 2015." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151165.
Full textResumo: Das principais zoonoses detectadas pelo serviço de inspeção oficial durante o exame post-mortem, a cisticercose e a tuberculose merecem destaque pela importância que possuem para a saúde pública e por gerarem impactos significativos na economia e no rendimento final. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a evolução das ocorrências de cisticercose e de tuberculose durante 21 anos de inspeção post-mortem de bovinos, realizada em um frigorífico do centro-oeste paulista, localizado na cidade de Lins (SIF 337). Os dados coletados foram analisados em software SigmaStat versão 3.5 e, posteriormente, construídos intervalos de 95% de confiança para a proporção de ocorrência e as variáveis resposta também foram submetidas à análise de variância utilizando o procedimento Proc Mixed do software SAS 9.4 TS1M2, teste de Tukey-Kramer com nível de significância de 5%. No decorrer de todo o período, foram abatidos 5.240.138 bovinos. A ocorrência de tuberculose verificada foi de 0,15% (7.741), sendo maior em 1996 (0,41%) e menor em 2015 (0,02%), demonstrando uma redução de 11 vezes. Em relação à cisticercose bovina, foi de 4,34% (227.728), na qual 75% das carcaças continham cisticercos vivos e 25% calcificados, sendo as maiores ocorrências de cisticercose total encontrados em 2000 (6,7%) e as menores em 2015 (2,0%), com redução de 2,13 vezes. Conclui-se que as melhorias nos sistemas produtivos que aconteceram em duas décadas e a eficácia dos programas sanitários e da inspeção realizad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Sampaio, Guilherme Sicca Lopes [UNESP]. "Jejum pré-abate de bovinos confinados e as condições higiênico-sanitárias do abate." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148661.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Um total de 180 bovinos Bos indicus (Nelore), terminados em confinamento, foi dividido em grupos com 6, 12 ou 24 horas de jejum pré-abate para verificar se a redução deste tempo resulta em melhor condição higiênica e sanitária durante o processo de abate. Amostras de fezes pré e pós-jejum, de pele e de carcaça foram colhidas e analisadas para ocorrências e contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, Escherichia coli genérica, coliformes totais, assim como, E. coli produtora de toxinas Shiga (STEC) e enteropatogênica (EPEC). As amostras de fezes também foram analisadas quanto ao pH e os teores percentuais de matéria seca (MS%) e de fibras em detergente neutro (FDN%) e ácido (FDA%). Os dados foram analisados com modelos logísticos, análises de variância e regressões, ao nível de 5% de significância. A extensão do tempo de jejum pré-abate reduziu a MS%, mas elevou o pH, FDN% e FDA% das fezes. O gradual aumento do jejum pré-abate resultou em maior excreção fecal de STEC (stx1 e stx2), entretanto, com decréscimo de aeróbios mesófilos, mas sem interferência na E. coli genérica. A extensão do tempo de jejum pré-abate também resultou na maior contaminação da pele por STEC (stx1) e EPEC, assim como, das carcaças por aeróbios mesófilos, E. coli genérica e coliformes totais. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a condição higiênica e sanitária durante o processo de abate de bovinos pode ser melhorada com a redução do tempo de jejum pré-abate. Para as indústrias da carne isto pode representar a redução de custos operacionais e com a infraestrutura dos currais de abate, menos condenações e falhas no controle de produção, maior rendimento produtivo e incremento na validade comercial. A redução de STEC, além de ser um fomento à saúde publica, constitui-se em um estimulo à economia brasileira pela redução de barreiras comerciais e menor devolução de mercadorias.
A total of 180 Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle finished in feedlot were divided into groups of 6, 12 or 24 hours of pre-harvest fasting to verify if time reduction results in better hygiene and sanitary conditions during the slaughter process. Pre-fasting and post-fasting samples of feces, and post-fasting samples of hide, and carcass were collected and analyzed for the occurrence and counting of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, generic Escherichia coli, total coliforms, as well as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The feces samples were also analyzed for pH and content percentage of dry matter (DM%), neuter detergent fiber (NDF%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF%). Data were analyzed with logistic models, analyses of variance and regressions at 5% significance. The extension of pre-harvest fasting time reduced DM% but increased pH, NDF% and ADF% of feces. The gradual increase of pre-harvest fasting time resulted in greater fecal excretion of STEC (stx1 and stx2) with reduction of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, but without interference in generic E. coli. The extension of this time also resulted in greater contamination of hide by STEC (stx1) and EPEC as well as of carcass by mesophilic aerobic bacteria, generic E. coli and total coliforms. Thus, it was concluded that the hygiene and sanitary condition during the slaughter process of bovines can be improved with the reduction of pre-harvest fasting time. For the meat industry, can represent a reduction of costs with operations and facilities of lairage pens, less with condemnations and failures in the production control besides a greater productive yield and increment in the commercial validity. STEC reduction, besides being a development in public health, becomes a stimulus to the Brazilian economy by decreasing commercial barriers and return of goods.
FAPESP: 2015/02208-3
FAPESP: 2014/01109-9