Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbothermal reduction / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Carbothermal reduction'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Carbothermal reduction.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Carbothermal reduction.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Liu, Ya-qin, Lu Lin, Sai He, Meng-long Feng, Zhong-xiao Hou, and Yan Lv. "Study on the recovery of phosphorus and iron from molten modified high-phosphorus industrial slag by carbothermal reduction." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 3 (2023): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023035.

Full text

Abstract:

To effectively recycle phosphorus and iron resources in high-phosphorus industrial slag during molten modification process, the thermodynamic conditions and influence laws of recovery of valuable elements from converter slag with different P2O5 content by carbothermal reduction after melting and modification are systematically analyzed. The results show that the reduction rates of P2O5 and FeO decrease with the increase of P2O5 content at 1450 °C and the basicity of 1.0. Meanwhile, the experimental results prove that the reduction of FeO precedes the reduction of P2O5.The phosphorus element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 and increases with the increase of P2O5 content. With the progress of the carbothermal reduction reaction, the Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 content in experimental slags after reduction decrease significantly. The iron element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of FeO, (MgO)0.239 (FeO)0.761 and Ca2Fe2O5 and disappear after carbothermic reduction reaction. In the range of P2O5 content of 4–8 wt.%, P2O5 content has little effect on the thermodynamic trend of the formation of phosphorus-containing phase Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, but it is not good for the thermodynamic trend of gasification dephosphorization reaction in the carbothermic reduction process. Therefore, the increase of P2O5 content is not conducive to the occurrence of carbothermic reduction gasification dephosphorization reaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Liu, Yu Cheng, Qiu Xia Li, and Yong Cheng Liu. "Preparation of Phosphorus by Carbothermal Reduction Mechanism in Vacuum." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.268.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this work was to investigated the carbothermic reaction of fluorapatite process by the means of thermodynamics analyses, XRD and element analysis, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that phosphorus can be prepared by heating the mixture of Ca5(PO4)3F2 and C at 1173K under the system pressure of 100Pa. CO cannot react with Ca5(PO4)3F2 in the carbothermic reduction process at 973-1873K and 100Pa. Experimental results demonstrated that phosphorus can be produced by the reaction between Ca5(PO4)3F2 and C, the main reaction phase is P2(g), CO(g), CaO and CaF2, and with increasing temperature, the greater degree of response. The best technology conditions, the molar ratio of Ca5(PO4)3F2 to C is 1:7.5 at 1723K for 1h when the system pressure was about 100Pa. This study to provide experimental evidence for preparation of phosphorus by carbothermal reaction of fluorapatite in vacuum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Panda, Prasanta K., Loganathan Mariappan, Vellore A. Jaleel, Thandali S. Kannan, Jean Dubois, and Gilbert Fantozzi. "Carbothermal reduction of sillimanite." Journal of Materials Chemistry 6, no. 8 (1996): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9960601395.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wang, Hai Long, Shi Xun Zhang, De Liang Chen, Qian Fei Han, Hong Xia Lu, Hong Liang Xu, Chang An Wang, and Rui Zhang. "Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Zirconium Diboride Powders Assisted by Microwave." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.203.

Full text

Abstract:

ZrB2 powder has been prepared through carbothermal reduction boronization of zirconia/boron carbide/carbon mixtures heating assisted by microwave. The powder characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), nitrogen absorption (BET model) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiments indicated that excessive B4C is necessary and the carbothermic reaction reacts severely at a higher temperature and complete at 1600oC. The crystallite size has ranged from 50-100 nm, according to the calculated surface area. Highest purity of ZrB2 powder, which was synthesized at 1600oC, is 99.67 wt%. The surface area of ZrB2 powder synthesis at 1600oC is 18.33 m2/g. Vibration of temperature should affect the purity of ZrB2, as the sub reaction acted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lee, Jyh-Jen, Chun-I. Lin, and Hsi-Kuei Chen. "Carbothermal reduction of zinc ferrite." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 32, no. 6 (December 2001): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-001-0092-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

de Souza, Dulcina P. F., and Milton F. de Souza. "Alumina purification by carbothermal reduction." Journal of Materials Chemistry 6, no. 2 (1996): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9960600233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gao, Jianjun, Hong Wang, Jie Wang, Yingyi Zhang, Feng Wang, Shuang Yang, and Shinan Li. "A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155246.

Full text

Abstract:

Zinc ash is a by-product of the hot-dip galvanizing process and the electrolytic zinc process, which is classified as a hazardous waste consisting predominately of zinc oxide that could be recovered as the useful main resource for ZnO preparation. In this work, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the direct reduction process and improve the resource-recovery rate. A new technology for zinc oxide production, by a carbothermal reduction of zinc ash, is proposed. This process includes two steps: high-temperature roasting of zinc ash for dechlorination and a carbothermal reduction of dechlorination ash. Zn in zinc ash is mainly presented in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO), basic zinc chloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O), and metallic zinc (Zn). Basic zinc chloride can be roasted and decomposed to reduce the chlorine content in zinc ash. The results of a chloride ion removal test show that the optimal roasting temperature is 1000 °C, with a holding time of 60 min. Under the modified conditions, the chloride content in the roasted zinc ash is reduced to 0.021 wt.%, and the dechlorination rate is more than 99.5%, which can meet the requirements of zinc oxide production. The best process conditions for zinc oxide production by carbothermic reduction are as follows: reduction temperature of 1250 °C, reduction time of 60 min, and reduction agent addition of 22 wt.%. Under the best reduction process, the purity of zinc oxide product is 99.5%, and the recovery of zinc is more than 99.25%. Needle-like zinc oxide obtained by carbothermic reduction has high purity and can replace zinc oxide produced by an indirect process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Yu, Chao, Wen Jie Yuan, Jun Li, Hong Xi Zhu, and Cheng Ji Deng. "Synthesis of Al₄SiC₄-Al₈SiC₇ Composite Powders by Carbothermal Reduction Process." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.813.

Full text

Abstract:

Tabular structure of Al4SiC4-Al8SiC7composites was successfully synthesized using a mixture of calcined bauxite, SiC and carbon black by a carbothermal reduction process. The effects of the amount of SiC addition and the heating temperature on synthesis of Al4SiC4-Al8SiC7composites by carbothermic reduction were investigated. The results show that SiC amount played an important role in the content of the final products. With the increasing of heating temperature, the Al4SiC4content increased and Al8SiC7content decreased in the products, which indicated the formation and growth of Al4SiC4were promoted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

He, Zhi Jun, Yong Long Jin, and Hui Zhang. "Experiment Study on the High-Phosphorus Hematite Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Field." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1317.

Full text

Abstract:

In the paper, the experimental research on dephosphorization and iron yield for high-phosphorus oolitic hematite by coal-based carbothermal reduction was carried out. It indicated that microwave can speed up the rate of carbothermal reduction of iron ore and strengthen the effects of dephosphorization and increasing iron content. The dephosphorization rate and iron yield of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite exceeding 87.8% and 91.8% by the way of carbothermal reduction in the microwave field and a further fine-grinding and magnetic separation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Liu, Ran, Yong Liang Gao, Xing Juan Wang, Qing Lu, and Xiang Xin Xue. "Volatilization of MgO from Ludwigite in Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation Process." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.31.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on thermodynamic analysis, the reduction and volatilization of magnesium in ludwigite were studied using carbothermal reduction-nitridation method. The experimental result show that the total mass loss rate of samples increase with temperature rising, which the maximum is 52.88 wt% in the range from 1440°C to 1470°C. Magnesia in ludwigite was reduced and volatilized as gaseous magnesium vapour in the process of carbothermal reduction, and its mass loss rate go up to 98.138%. Part of the volatilized matter formed white powder deposited at the opening of furnace tube and adhered to tube wall together with boride/silicon volatilized. It was proved that there is volatilization of MgO from ludwigite in the process of carbothermal reduction-nitridation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chen, Chien Chon, Chih Yuan Chen, Hsi Wen Yang, Yang Kuao Kuo, and Jin Shyong Lin. "Phase Equilibrium in Carbothermal Reduction Al2O3 → AlN Studied by Thermodynamic Calculations." Atlas Journal of Materials Science 1, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajms.v1i2.120.

Full text

Abstract:

As a ceramic with high economic value, aluminum nitride possesses high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, high mechanical strength and high melting temperature and these all are required in high technologies involving cooling, insulation, thermal expansion and corrosion. This paper deals with thermodynamic parameters which affect the Al2O3→AlN reduction efficiency during a carbothermal reduction. According to the carbothermal reduction reaction γ-Al2O3 + 3C + N2 → AlN + 3CO, if molar mixing ratio of γ-Al2O3:C = 1:3 at 1,601 °C or higher, the γ-Al2O3 can be reduced to AlN. This carbothermal reduction reaction is controlled by main parameters of carbon activity, and partial pressures of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. For example, if less carbon is added, a lower carbothermal reduction rate is resulted; however, if extra carbon is added, aluminum carbide (Al4C3) could be produced, or C could remain in AlN. Without N2(g) added in the carbothermal reduction, Al2O3(γ) may react with C to generate Al4C3 at a temperature higher than 2,250 °C. AlN prefers to form with an unity carbon activity, at a lower oxygen partial pressure, a higher carbon monoxide partial pressure, or at a higher temperature. In order to understand the relationship with N2, O2, CO, CO2, C, Al2O3, AlN and Al4C3, the Al-N-C-O system was investigated by thermodynamic calculations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

He, Zhi Jun, Hui Zhang, and Yong Long Jin. "Mechanism Study on the High-Phosphorus Hematite Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Field." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1358.

Full text

Abstract:

In the paper, the research on raising the grade of iron ore and dephosphorization for high-phosphorus oolitic hematite by coal-based carbothermal reduction in microwave field was carried out. The microwave action mechanism was analyzed by the aspects of ionic crystal lattice energy and thermodynamics and dynamics[1]. The possibility of the application of microwave in raising the grade of iron ore and dephosphorization for high-phosphorus hematite was discussed. The research indicated that the primary structure of the high-phosphorus hematite was changed by the high-phosphorus hematite carbothermal reduction in microwave field, meantime the carbothermal reduction reaction activation energy was decreased and the reduction rate was speeded up[2-4].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Yoshioka, Yoshiki, Hidehiko Tanaka, Mikio Konishi, and Toshiyuki Nishimura. "Synthesis of Nano-Sized SiC Powders by Carbothermal Reduction." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.211.

Full text

Abstract:

Nano sized SiC powder was successfully synthesized by the carbothermal reduction in SiO2. Precursor for SiC was prepared by using phenolic resin as a carbon source and ethylsilicate as a silicon source. After mixing, hydrolysis, drying and pyrolysis at 1000°C, SiC precursor consisted of C and SiO2 was obtained. The precursor was heat treated at 1500-1800°C in Ar to synthesize SiC by the carbothermal reduction. The carbothermal redction reaction was almost completed at 1700°C and then SiC particle with suitable size was obtained at this temperature. Nano-sized SiC particles could be achieved at 1600 °C, and unreacted SiO2 and C remained in the sample. Pure SiC particles were obtained by oxidation and acid treatment. Nano-sized SiC powder had the diameter of 10-20 nm and BET surface area of 156 m²/g.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ličko, T., V. Figusch, and J. Púchyová. "Carbothermal reduction and nitriding of TiO2." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 5, no. 4 (January 1989): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(89)80009-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, Reza, and Ehsan Amini-Kahrizsangi. "Zirconia carbothermal reduction: Non-isothermal kinetics." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 27, no. 3 (May 2009): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2008.10.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yeh, Chun Hung, and Guangqing Zhang. "Stepwise carbothermal reduction of bauxite ores." International Journal of Mineral Processing 124 (November 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.07.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

KWON, Hanjung, and Shinhoo KANG. "Carbothermal reduction of Titanium monoxide (TiO)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 116, no. 1358 (2008): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.116.1154.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Sugahara, Yoshiyuki, Kazuyuki Kuroda, and Chuzo Kato. "Nitridation of sepiolite by carbothermal reduction." Journal of Materials Science Letters 4, no. 7 (July 1985): 928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00720542.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Grishin, N. N., O. A. Belogurova, and A. G. Ivanova. "Enrichment of kyanite by carbothermal reduction." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 51, no. 3 (October 30, 2010): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-010-9279-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Gu, Xu Peng, Xiao Pan Zhang, Tao Qu, Ming Yang Luo, Lei Shi, Fei Lv, Yuan Tian, and Hao Du. "Kinetics of Magnesium Removal from Garnierite by Carbothermal Reduction in Vacuum." Materials Science Forum 996 (June 2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.996.165.

Full text

Abstract:

The removal of magnesium from garnierite in Yuanjiang area of Yunnan was performed by carbothermal reduction in vacuum. The effects of reduction temperature and reduction time on the removal rate of magnesium were investigated. The kinetics of the removal of magnesium by carbothermal reduction in vacuum was studied. The thermodynamic calculation results show that it is feasible to remove magnesium from garnierite by carbothermal reduction in vacuum. The experimental results show that the removal rate of magnesium in garnierite can reach 93.23% under the conditions of 1823K for 120min. The reduction process conforms to the chemical reaction kinetics model, which indicated that the reduction process is controlled by chemical reaction and whose expression is 1-(1-α)1/3=(-22850.1/T+2.6296) t, the apparent activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A) are 189.97 kJ/mol and 13.87 s-1, respectively. The results of XRD and SEM analysis show that the condensate obtained by carbothermal reduction in vacuum of the garnierite is magnesium, which is mainly obtained by the reduction reaction between magnesium silicate produced by the decomposition of serpentine in minerals and coal. At the same time, it is proved that it is feasible to directly extract magnesium metal from the garnierite.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Fukushima, Jun, and Hirotsugu Takizawa. "Size Control of Ti4O7 Nanoparticles by Carbothermal Reduction Using a Multimode Microwave Furnace." Crystals 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8120444.

Full text

Abstract:

Utilization of Ti4O7 in applications such as catalyst support calls for control over the size of the Ti4O7 nanoparticles. This can be achieved using a simple process such as carbothermal reduction. In this study, various sizes of Ti4O7 nanoparticles (25, 60, and 125 nm) were synthesized by carbothermal reduction using a multimode microwave apparatus. It was possible to produce Ti4O7 nanoparticles as small as 25 nm by precisely controlling the temperature, heating process, and holding time of the sample while taking advantage of the characteristics of microwave heating such as rapid and volumetric heating. The results show that microwave carbothermal reduction is advantageous in controlling the size of the Ti4O7 nanoparticles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Yang, Tao, Yan Gai Liu, Ding Yun Ye, Qi Wang, Zhao Hui Huang, and Ming Hao Fang. "Phase Behavior Analysis of Low-Grade Bauxite and Rutile by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation." Advanced Materials Research 624 (December 2012): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.239.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, β-Sialon/Al2O3/TiN diphase powder was synthesized using low-grade bauxite and rutile via carbothermal reduction-nitridation. The phase transitions of low-grade bauxite and rutile in the carbothermal reduction and nitridation process were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effects of different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, rutile addition on the phase composition and microstructure of products were analyzed. The results showed that β-Sialon/Al2O3/TiN powder was prepared using low-grade bauxite and rutile as raw materials and coke as reducing agent by carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction in flowing nitrogen atmosphere of 0.03 MPa at 1350-1375 °C, for 4 h.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lei, F. G., M. T. Li, C. Wei, Z. G. Deng, X. B. Li, and G. Fan. "Recovery of zinc from zinc oxide dust containing multiple metal elements by carbothermal reduction." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 58, no. 1 (2022): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb201102049l.

Full text

Abstract:

A carbothermal reduction process simulating EAF process is used to handle the zinc oxide dust, and the zinc in the dust can be extracted and recovered efficiently. The crude zinc and lead-tin alloy were obtained finally. The effects of temperature, holding time, and reductant dosage on zinc volatilization rate were investigated, and the ?Pelletizing - Calcination- Carbothermic reduction? experiment was conducted. The results found the optimal reduction condition was as follows: the temperature of 1300?, reductant dosage of 14.04%, and holding time of 120 min. After the calcination at 900? for 120 min, the removal rates of fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur in the dust were 98.18%, 96.38% and 28.58% respectively, and the volatilization rate of zinc was 99.83% in the reduction process. The zinc content of the crude zinc was 68.48%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Xin, Ou Yang, Sai Fang Huang, Ming Hao Fang, Zhao Hui Huang, and Yan Gai Liu. "Phase Analysis of Forsterite in Carbothermal Reduction Processing." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.848.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, phase transition of forsterite in carbothermal reduction processing was studied. Phase composition and microstructure of the products were characterized by XRD, SEM and XRF. The influences of calcination temperature (1400, 1500, and 1600 °C), carbon content (lacking 50% and 10%, theoretical content, exceeding 10%, 50% and 100%) and holding time (1 h, 2 h and 4 h) on phase composition of carbothermal reduction products were discussed. The results showed that forsterite can be reduced to β-SiC, Fe and MgAl2O4 when it was reacted with carbon exceeded 50wt% of theoretical content at 1600°C for 4 h, while it was stable when treated below 1500°C.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lee, Jin Seok, Toshiyuki Nishimura, Hidehiko Tanaka, and Sea Hoon Lee. "Synthesis of Single-Phase, Hexagonal Plate-Like Al₄SiC₄ Powder." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.159.

Full text

Abstract:

Single-phase and hexagonal plate-like Al4SiC4 powder was successfully synthesized using a mixture of Al(OH)3, SiO2 and carbon via a carbothermal reduction process. Two-step reaction was compartmentally observed during the calcination; the carbothermal reduction of SiO2 between 1300 and 1600oC and that of Al2O3 above 1500oC. The mechanisms which were responsible for the synthesis of the ternary carbide (Al4SiC4) powder were discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Leng, Xian Feng, Yan Gai Liu, Ming Hao Fang, and Zhao Hui Huang. "Synthesis of Rod-Like α-SiAlON by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 888–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.888.

Full text

Abstract:

Rod-like α-sialon was synthesized successfully using pure SiO2 and AlN as the starting materials, carbon black as reductant, CaF2 and Y2O3 as addition agent by carbothermal reduction-nitridation. The effects of reaction temperature (1450°C, 1500°C, 1600°C and 1700°C) and additive (Li2CO3, CaF2, Y2O3 and Y2O3+CaF2) on phases and microstructure of the final products were studied by XRD and SEM. The results showed that α-sialon was synthesized by carbothermal reduction-nitridation at 1700°C for 3 hours. The morphology of the synthesized α-sialon was rod-like.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wang, Chang An, Hai Long Wang, Lei Yu, and Yong Huang. "Synthesis of Ultra-Fine and High-Pure Zirconium Diboride Powders Using Solution-Based Processing." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.523.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultra-fine and high-pure zirconium diboride powders were prepared by carbothermal reduction boronization of zirconia/boron carbide/carbon mixtures. Fine-scale mixing of the reactants was achieved by solution-based processing in which zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2⋅8H2O) as the zirconia-bearing precursor was precipitated in the suspension of boron carbide (B4C) and carbon powders in water. The carbothermal reduction boronization reaction was substantially completed at relatively low temperatures (<1600°C) and the resulting products (ZrB2 powders) had small average grain sizes (1~2 μm) and high purity (>99.6 wt%). The experiments indicated that excessive B4C and C were necessary during the carbothermal reduction boronization because of volatilization of boron and carbon elements. The effects of temperature and holding time on the synthesis of ZrB2 powders were also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Duan, Feng, Ai Qiong Ma, Guo Qing Xiao, Xiao Hui Zhang, and Ren Hong Yu. "Influencing Factors of Coal Gangue Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.886.

Full text

Abstract:

nfluencing factors of target products such as X phase, β-SiAlON phase and O-SiAlON phase of Inner Mongolia coal gangue carbothermal reduction and nitridation were researched by calculating the loss rate on ignition of specimens, and by means of XRD and SEM. During the carbothermal reduction and nitridation reaction of coal gangue, the loss rate on ignition of specimens rises with carbon reducer increasing, and keeping time has a little influence on the loss rate on ignition of specimens. If β-SiAlON is target phase, the yield from corundum is much higher than that from special grade bauxite. Corundum or bauxite is used as starting material, the yield of X phase is low and the highest yield is only 12.88%. For the carbothermal reduction and nitridation reaction of coal gangue, the appropriate addition of reducer carbon is 10%-16%, and temperature influence is larger. The reaction temperature over 1420°C and keeping time of 6h are beneficial to the formation of X phase, β-SiAlON and O-SiAlON.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zeng, Yuan, Feng Liang, Jianghao Liu, Jun Zhang, Haijun Zhang, and Shaowei Zhang. "Highly Efficient and Low-Temperature Preparation of Plate-Like ZrB2-SiC Powders by a Molten-Salt and Microwave-Modified Boro/Carbothermal Reduction Method." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101811.

Full text

Abstract:

To address the various shortcomings of a high material cost, energy-intensive temperature conditions and ultra-low efficiency of the conventional boro/carbothermal reduction method for the industrial preparation of ZrB2-SiC powders, a novel molten-salt and microwave-modified boro/carbothermal reduction method (MSM-BCTR) was developed to synthesize ZrB2-SiC powders. As a result, phase pure ZrB2-SiC powders can be obtained by firing low-cost zircon (ZrSiO4), amorphous carbon (C), and boron carbide (B4C) at a reduced temperature of 1200 °C for only 20 min. Such processing conditions are remarkably milder than not only that required for conventional boro/carbothermal reduction method to prepare phase pure ZrB2 or ZrB2-SiC powders (firing temperature of above 1500 °C and dwelling time of at least several hours), but also that even with costly active metals (e.g., Mg and Al). More importantly, the as-obtained ZrB2 particles had a single crystalline nature and well-defined plate-like morphology, which is believed to be favorable for enhancing the mechanical properties, especially toughness of their bulk counterpart. The achievement of a highly-efficient preparation of such high-quality ZrB2-SiC powders at a reduced temperature should be mainly attributed to the specific molten-salt and microwave-modified boro/carbothermal reduction method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ma, J., Shi Gen Zhu, H. Ding, and W. S. Gu. "Effects of Mechanical Activation during the Synthesis of Tungsten Carbide Powders by Carbothermic Reduction of Tungsten Oxide." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.248.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, the effects of mechanical milling on the extent of reduction were investigated to give an overview of potential improvements in the preparation of WC. A mixture of graphite and tungsten oxide (WO3) was mechanically milled together for 10 h. The as-milled powder and un-milled powder were investigated by thermal analysis, isothermal treatment, and X-ray diffraction to determine the effect of milling on the carbothermal reduction of WO3 to tungsten carbide (WC). The as-milled powder underwent a rapid reduction reaction at about 150°C lower than the un-milled powder. The reduction sequence to WC was illustrated to differ for the two powders. The milled powder showed complete reduction to WC in 1 h at 1215°C whereas the un-milled powder was incompletely reduced. Finally, WC powder was readily achieved by carbothermic reduction of mechanical activated WO3 and graphite, leaving its grains nano-sized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lu, Yuan, Jing Long Li, Jian Feng Yang, and Peng Li. "Porous AlN Ceramics Fabricated by Carbothermal Reduction." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.627.

Full text

Abstract:

A new method for preparing porous AlN ceramics with high porosity had been developed by carbothermal reduction of die-pressed green bodies composed of alumina, carbon, sintering additives and AlN seeds. The influences of sintering additives and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous AlN ceramics were investigated. XRD analysis proved that complete formation of AlN phase except for minor of glass phase. SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous AlN ceramics occupied fine microstructure and a uniform pore structure. Porous AlN ceramics with a porosity of 41~66% and a strength of 2.7~ 51.8 MPa were obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Feng, Yue Bin, Bin Yang, and Yong Nian Dai. "Carbothermal Reduction of Alumina in a Vacuum." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1688.

Full text

Abstract:

The carbothermal reduction of alumina in a vacuum was investigated by XRD and thermodynamic analysis. Experiments on mixtures of alumina and graphite in a vacuum furnace at 1743-1843K proved that the residues consisted of Al2O3and C, and the deposits formed on the upper wall of the crucible contained Al4O4C, C, Al4C3 and Al2O3. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that alumina should react with carbon to form gaseous Al2O and Al above 1671K and 1713K at 100Pa respectively, Al2O and Al react back with CO to form Al4O4C, C, Al4C3 and Al2O3, which constitute deposits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Rao, M. P. L. N., G. S. Gupta, P. Manjunath, S. Kumar, A. K. Suri, N. Krishnamurthy, and C. Subramanian. "Core temperature measurement in carbothermal reduction processes." Thermochimica Acta 482, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2008.10.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Panda, P. K., L. Mariappan, and T. S. Kannan. "Carbothermal reduction of kaolinite under nitrogen atmosphere." Ceramics International 26, no. 5 (June 2000): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(99)00068-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Li, Kezhi, Jian Wei, Hejun Li, Chuang Wang, and Gengsheng Jiao. "Silicon assistant carbothermal reduction for SiC powders." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 15, no. 4 (August 2008): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(08)60091-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Tseng, Wen-Hong, and Chun-I. Lin. "Carbothermal reduction and nitridation of aluminium hydroxide." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 13 (July 1996): 3559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360762.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Rezan, Sheikh Abdul, Guangqing Zhang, and Oleg Ostrovski. "Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Ilmenite Concentrates." ISIJ International 52, no. 3 (2012): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.363.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Krishnarao, R. V., and J. Subrahmanyam. "TiB2Whiskers through Carbothermal Reduction of TiO2and B2O3." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 61, no. 3 (January 2002): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2002.10800042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bartnitskaya, T. S., M. V. Vlasova, T. Ya Kosolapova, N. V. Kostyuk, and I. I. Timofeeva. "Formation of boron nitride during carbothermal reduction." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 29, no. 12 (December 1990): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00793385.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yu, Jincheng, Li Ma, Aumber Abbas, Yujun Zhang, Hongyu Gong, Xianli Wang, Liwei Zhou, and Hening Liu. "Carbothermal reduction synthesis of TiB2 ultrafine powders." Ceramics International 42, no. 3 (February 2016): 3916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Liu, H., P. Zhang, G. C. Li, Q. Wu, and Y. P. Wu. "LiFePO4/C composites from carbothermal reduction method." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 12, no. 7-8 (December 4, 2007): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0478-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Hua, Ping Hu, De’an Pan, Jianjun Tian, Shengen Zhang, and Alex A. Volinsky. "Carbothermal reduction method for Fe3O4 powder synthesis." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 502, no. 2 (July 2010): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Urbanová, Markéta, Dana Pokorná, Snejana Bakardjieva, Jan Šubrt, Zdeněk Bastl, and Josef Pola. "IR Laser-Induced Carbothermal Reduction of Silica." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2008, no. 26 (September 2008): 4111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200800473.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Devecerski, A., M. Posarac, M. Dimitrijevic, M. Rosic, T. Volkov-Husovic, and G. Brankovic. "SiC synthesis using natural Mg-silicates." Science of Sintering 44, no. 1 (2012): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1201081d.

Full text

Abstract:

The silicon carbide powders are prepared by carbothermal reduction of domestic mineral resources (white and brown sepiolite), at relatively low temperatures (1200 - 1600oC). Carbothermal reduction process is greatly influenced by chemical composition of sepiolites and type of carbon used. Obtained SiC powders consist of fine ?-SiC particles and did not retain the fibrous morphology of sepiolites. Catalytical influence of Fe is attributed to formation of iron-silicide and its potentionaly important role in removal of Mg-species, i.e. reduction of Mg2SiO4 and MgO into Mg(g).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ma, Shaobo, Zhaohui Zhang, Shuxiang Xu, Xintao Li, and Lu Feng. "Recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust by vacuum carbothermal reduction." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 4 (2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021058.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking has increased rapidly, and the content of electric arc furnace dust has increased. Through comprehensive recovery of electric arc furnace dust, the harm of metallurgical solid waste can be reduced and economic value can be created. In this paper, it gives a common outline about the known recycling techniques from electric arc furnace dusts and presents the carbothermal reduction under vacuum. The evolution in reduction products in the process of vacuum carbothermal reduction of zinc-containing electric arc furnace dust is studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase and micro-morphology analysis. The thermodynamic conditions for reduction are computed using Factsage 7.1 program. Through thermodynamic study, it is found that the initial temperature of reducing zinc oxide decreases as the pressure of the system drops. In the process of the vacuum carbothermal reduction experiment, the type of reducing agent, reduction temperature, carbon content, and reaction time are studied. According to the test results, the optimum process parameters are determined as follows: reduction time 30 min, reduction temperature 1273 K. The dezincification effect of electric arc furnace dust can reach over 99%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Wei, Yi, Fu Wang, and Wen Bin Cao. "Synthesis of SiC Nanowires with Silica Sol and Carbon Black." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.449.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanometer-sized β-SiC were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of silica sol with acetylene carbon black at 1600 °C for 2h. Three kinds (straight, bamboo-like, branch-like) of SiC nanowires were deposited on the graphite plate, while SiC particle agglomerates and nanowires were formed in the graphite crucible. All the nanowires were formed via VS mechanism through the reaction between gaseous SiO and CO produced from the process of carbothermal reduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wu, Ke-Han, Hai-Peng Gou, Guo-Hua Zhang, and Kuo-Chih Chou. "Fabrication of titanium carbide reinforced iron matrix cermet by vacuum carbothermal reduction of ilmenite." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq171114015w.

Full text

Abstract:

Iron matrix cermet reinforced with TiC has been produced by vacuum carbothermal reduction of ilmenite followed by sintering processes. The influences of reduction temperature and carbon mass ratio were discussed in detail. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to characterize the phase composition and microstructures. After carbothermic reduction, most of Mg, Mn, Ca evaporated from the sample; Si and part of Al was dissolved in the iron matrix. The obtained powders were used as the raw materials to produce TiC-Fe cermet by vacuum sintering. Density, hardness and bending strength of the samples were examined. The optimal cermet products after heat treatment had a density of 5.38 g?cm-1, a hardness of 1125.5 HV and a bending strength of 667 MPa, which was obtained at the carbon/ilmenite mass ratio of 0.378:1 at 1773 K under the pressure of 10 Pa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zhang, Xinwei, Yonghui Song, Ning Yin, Xinzhe Lan, and Jianping Jin. "Study on Vacuum Roasting Pretreatment of Carbonaceous Gold Concentrates Based on Nonoxidation Technology." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6848020.

Full text

Abstract:

Carbonaceous gold ores are difficult to treat because of the “preg-robbing” by carbonaceous matters and locking by minerals. Roasting is the most commonly used method that is useful in dealing with carbonaceous gold ores. In this study, flotation gold concentrates containing sulfides and carbonaceous matters were investigated to ascertain the reaction process and the matters’ transformation characteristics in different temperatures by vacuum roasting pretreatment. Calcine and volatile condensates were characterized with several techniques. In the process of vacuum roasting, the main chemical reactions were decomposition reaction and carbothermic reduction reactions of sulfide ores, carbothermic reduction reactions of SiO2, and thermal decomposition reactions of organic carbon. The bad effects of “preg-robbing” by carbonaceous matters were greatly weakened by the thermal decomposition and carbothermal reduction. The gold locking minerals were mainly removed by reduction reactions. The sulfides were removed in ways that did not produce SO2. The removal of sulfur and carbonaceous matters during the vacuum roasting process was 95.83% and 65.38%, respectively. Direct cyanidation of the calcine extracted from 2.13% to 88.37% of the gold content with a vacuum degree of 10 Pa and roasting from 25°C to 1,200°C for 30 min.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Saponjic, Aleksandra, Djordje Saponjic, Ivana Perovic, Marina Vukovic, Vladimir Nikolic, Milica Marceta-Kaninski, and Maja Kokunesoski. "Synthesis and characterization of Co-Mo bimetallic carbides." Science of Sintering 51, no. 3 (2019): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1903319s.

Full text

Abstract:

Co-Mo carbides were prepared by impregnation with aqueous solution of metal salts and sucrose into ordered mesoporous SBA-15 silica template using carbothermal hydrogen reduction. Bimetallic Co-Mo carbide obtained by using carbothermal hydrogen reduction of Co-Mo precursors is formed when the Co-Mo molar ratio is 1.0. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Electrochemical characterization of obtained materials w?re performed by cyclic voltammetry in acid solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ma, Bei Yue, Ying Li, Li Bing Xu, and Yu Chun Zhai. "In Situ Synthesis of β-Sialon Powder from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2179.

Full text

Abstract:

β-Sialon powder was synthesized by in-situ carbothermal reduction-nitridation process, with fly ash and carbon black as raw materials. The influence of raw materials composition on synthesis process was investigated, and the phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscope. The carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction process was also discussed. It was found that increasing carbon content in a sample could promote the decomposition of mullite in fly ash and the formation of β-Sialon. The β-Sialon could be synthesized at 1550°C for 6h by heating the sample with the mass ratio of fly ash to carbon black of 100:56. The β-Sialon as-received in this study existed as granular with an average particle size of about 2μm. The carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction process consisted of the nitridation processes of mullite, SiO2and Al2O3in fly ash as well as the conversion process of X-Sialon to β-Sialon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!