Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbonic snow

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbonic snow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbonic snow"

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El-Meligi, AA. "Investigating the effect of carbon dioxide on the acidity of the Ocean." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00235.

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There is a significant effect of carbon dioxide on the acidification of the ocean. This research focuses on the acidification of the ocean and its effect on the animal life in the ocean. Also, it focuses on the effect of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere on the ocean acidification. The data are collected from the research institutions and laboratories, such as National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Japan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA, Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, and other sources of research about acidification of ocean. The results show that the acidity increases with increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is because ocean absorbs nearly 50% of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbonate ions (CO32-) will be used in forming carbonic acid, which will increase the acidity of the water. Increasing the acidity of water will affect building of the animal Skeleton. It is recommended to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; therefore the acidity will be decreased in the ocean.
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Аралова, M. Aralova, Глухов, and A. Glukhov. "General and Local Cryotherapy in Treatment of Wounds." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11855.

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In recent decades, cryotherapy has gained recognition and dissemination in various fields of medicine, the influence of cold on different systems of the body is studied, the mechanism of human adaptation to the action is revealed. There are new technical possibilities of cold generation and modern crynoidal. Cryotherapy is divided into general and local, with the use of moderately low and low temperatures. Local cryotherapy is divided into hardware and software functional tests. Healthy human body to acute cooling meets a number of standard reactions. Depending on the intensity, duration, dynamics, impact, scientists divide the destructive and regenerative cryotherapy, cryosurgery. Modern cryosurgery is a gentle and economical method of eliminating pathological tissues. The main mechanism of action of low temperatures on biological tissue is the formation of intracellular ice, damaging organelles, membranes. The rate of cooling and thawing are important. At the time of cryotherapy, the boundary of the zone of freezing increases in all directions from the edge of the cryo applicator, and the subsequent reaction of cryodestruction are identical at any location of the hearth. For the treatment of venous ulcers, the authors gave a description of the ways of use the snow of carbonic acid, spraying liquid nitrogen on necrotic tissue. Cryotherapy is well defined in treatment of non-healing wounds.
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Arshad, Farwa, Ayan Pal, Tipu Alam, Javed Alam Khan, and Md Palashuddin Sk. "Luminescent carbogenic dots for the detection and determination of hemoglobin in real samples." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 16 (2020): 6213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj00401d.

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Formation of luminescent carbogenic dots have been reported during SnO2 NCs synthesis. These carbogenic dots have been successfully employed for selective and sensitive detection of hemoglobin.
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Tonon, G. "Snow as relevant factor in determining carbon stock in the soil." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2006): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0353-003.

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Xu, Lingna, Weigen Chen, Caisheng Wang, Tuoyu Gao, and Qu Zhou. "Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Basic Gas-Sensing Properties of Two Three-Dimensional Nanostructures of SnO2." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/954734.

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The hierarchical SnO2sphere-like architecture, consisting of numerous thin nanosheets, was successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of this hierarchical architecture were characterized in detail by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Further comparative experiments of gas-sensing performances of the as-prepared SnO2were investigated towards ethanol. It shows this three-dimensional, sheet-spheres, SnO2as a potential gas-sensing material for a broad range of future sensor applications, like sensitive response to other gases such as hydrogen, carbonic oxide, and methane.
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Lee, Yu-Jin, Bon-Ryul Koo, and Hyo-Jin Ahn. "Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2-CoO/carbon-coated CoO Core/shell Nanowire Composites." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 21, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2014.21.5.360.

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Cobianu, Cornel, Bogdan-Catalin Serban, Niculae Dumbravescu, Octavian Buiu, Viorel Avramescu, Cristina Pachiu, Bogdan Bita, Marius Bumbac, Cristina-Mihaela Nicolescu, and Cosmin Cobianu. "Organic–Inorganic Ternary Nanohybrids of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns for Room Temperature Chemiresistive Ethanol Detection." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122552.

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Organic–inorganic ternary nanohybrids consisting of oxidized-single walled carbon nanohorns-SnO2-polyvinylpyrrolidone (ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP) with stoichiometry 1/1/1 and 2/1/1 and ox-SWCNH/ZnO/PVP = 5/2/1 and 5/3/2 (all mass ratios) were synthesized and characterized as sensing films of chemiresistive test structures for ethanol vapor detection in dry air, in the range from 0 up to 50 mg/L. All the sensing films had an ox-SWCNH concentration in the range of 33.3–62.5 wt%. A comparison between the transfer functions and the response and recovery times of these sensing devices has shown that the structures with ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP = 1/1/1 have the highest relative sensitivities of 0.0022 (mg/L)−1, while the devices with ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP = 2/1/1 have the lowest response time (15 s) and recovery time (50 s) for a room temperature operation, proving the key role of carbonic material in shaping the static and dynamic performance of the sensor. These response and recovery times are lower than those of “heated” commercial sensors. The sensing mechanism is explained in terms of the overall response of a p-type semiconductor, where ox-SWCNH percolated between electrodes of the sensor, shunting the heterojunctions made between n-type SnO2 or ZnO and p-type ox-SWCNH. The hard–soft acid–base (HSAB) principle supports this mechanism. The low power consumption of these devices, below 2 mW, and the sensing performances at room temperature may open new avenues towards ethanol sensors for passive samplers of environment monitoring, alcohol test portable instruments and wireless network sensors for Internet of Things applications.
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Ponce, M. A., C. M. Aldao, and M. S. Castro. "Efectos de la exposición de películas gruesas de SnO2 a vacío, oxígeno y monóxido de carbono." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 41, no. 1 (February 28, 2002): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2002.v41.i1.714.

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Wagner, Monika, Arne C. Bathke, S. Craig Cary, T. G. Allan Green, Robert R. Junker, Wolfgang Trutschnig, and Ulrike Ruprecht. "Myco- and photobiont associations in crustose lichens in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) reveal high differentiation along an elevational gradient." Polar Biology 43, no. 12 (October 16, 2020): 1967–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02754-8.

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AbstractClimatically extreme regions such as the polar deserts of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78° S) in Continental Antarctica are key areas for a better understanding of changes in ecosystems. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze and communicate current patterns of biodiversity in these sensitive areas, where precipitation mostly occurs in form of snow and liquid water is rare. Humidity provided by dew, clouds, and fog are the main water sources, especially for rock-dwelling crustose lichens as one of the most common vegetation-forming organisms. We investigated the diversity and interaction specificity of myco-/photobiont associations of 232 crustose lichen specimens, collected along an elevational gradient (171–959 m a.s.l.) within the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The mycobiont species and photobiont OTUs were identified by using three markers each (nrITS, mtSSU, RPB1, and nrITS, psbJ-L, COX2). Elevation, positively associated with water availability, turned out to be the key factor explaining most of the distribution patterns of the mycobionts. Pairwise comparisons showed Lecidea cancriformis and Rhizoplaca macleanii to be significantly more common at higher elevations and Carbonea vorticosa and Lecidea polypycnidophora at lower elevations. Lichen photobionts were dominated by the globally distributed Trebouxia OTU, Tr_A02 which occurred at all habitats. Network specialization resulting from myco-/photobiont bipartite network structure varied with elevation and associated abiotic factors. Along an elevational gradient, the spatial distribution, diversity, and genetic variability of the lichen symbionts appear to be mainly influenced by improved water relations at higher altitudes.
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Grizzatti, Fabiola, Melissa A. Qazi, David Stroncek, Nathawut Sibmooh, Barbora Piknova, and Alan N. Schechter. "Effect of Storage on Levels of Nitric Oxide Derivatives in Blood Components." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.999.999.

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Abstract In light of recent papers stressing the importance of decreased levels of SNO-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb) to the pronounced nature of deleterious effects of transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs), there has been an increased interest in the practice of blood storage. Dejam et al. (Blood, 2005) previously demonstrated the critical nature of RBCs in NO physiology: they serve as the major intravascular stores of nitrite, which is eventually converted to NO, an important player in vasoregulation. The purpose of this study is to quantify the NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in three blood components and evaluate their levels over time of storage. Blood obtained from 6 healthy volunteer donors was split into whole blood, leukoreduced, and non-leukoreduced packed RBCs and stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags for 42 days at 4°C. PVC bags were maintained in either room air or an argon chamber. Nitrite, nitrate, and SNO-Hb/nitrosyl-hemoglobin (HbNO) were measured using reductive gas-phase chemiluminescence. In all blood components, the nitrite and nitrate were detected in higher concentrations in RBCs than in the extracellular fluid compartment. Mean nitrite value immediately before storage was 152±13nM, but fell rapidly upon storage. Nitrite levels continued to decrease with storage time, while nitrate levels remained constant for the duration of storage. In the leukoreduced blood product, nitrite levels were 75±8nM on day 1 and 50±9nM by day 42; the concentration of nitrate in the leukoreduced blood product was 34±3uM on day 1 and 34±4uM on day 42. The nitrite levels in non-leukoreduced blood product were 76±12nM on day 1 and 37±7 by day 42; the nitrate concentration in the non-leukoreduced blood product was 35±3uM on day 1 and 32±0.4uM on day 42. In whole blood, nitrite levels were 64±11nM on day 1 and 44±9nM by day 42; the nitrate concentration was 47±2uM on day 1 and 43±6uM on day 42. SNO-Hb levels were very low in fresh blood and virtually undetectable after one day of storage. Interestingly, nitrite levels never reached zero. Enzyme inhibitors—L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), and oxypurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)—did not lower nitrite levels enough to explain the remaining nitrite present in the PVC bags after 42 days. pH decreased slightly, while pO2 increased in all three components during storage; this is likely due to the diffusion of oxygen from room air into the PVC bags. Control experiments with saline showed an increase in nitrite levels, while nitrate levels remained stable over 42 days. When stored in an argon chamber, both blood and saline samples showed relatively lower nitrite levels than their room air counterparts. Thus, during blood bank storage, nitrite levels decrease in blood while nitrate levels remain stable. The diffusion of nitrogenous gases may explain why nitrite does not completely disappear under standard storage conditions. Our results suggest that most of the NO pathway is initially retained, but greater changes occur with prolonged storage. These measurements of NO derivatives may have implications for transfusion therapy, explaining some of the adverse effects seen with RBC transfusion and providing a foundation for enhancing blood preservation through improvement of storage practices.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbonic snow"

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Cardoso, William da Silva. "Oxido misto de SiO2/SnO2,SiO2/SnO2/Fosfato : propriedades e aplicações." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249698.

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Orientador: Yoshitaka Gushikem
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T23:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_WilliamdaSilva_D.pdf: 740346 bytes, checksum: bbae1435b7392cf211b02cc55af7333d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
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Hanks, Karari O. "Water insoluble particulate organic and elemental carbon concentrations and ionic concentrations from snowpits obtained at Summit, Greenland." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180212/unrestricted/hanks%5Fkarari%5Fo%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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Svensson, Jonas. "Horizontal Meter Scale Variability of Elemental Carbon in Surface Snow." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59712.

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Soot deposited in snow and ice lowers the albedo of the surface and affects the radiative balance. Soot’s climatic forcing has received increased attention during the last decade, however, measurements of soot concentrations in Arctic snow are rare. This thesis investigates the horizontal variability of elemental carbon (EC), a proxy of soot, on a meter scale in surface snow from a site with limited regional pollution in Arctic Finland and a site with significant regional pollution near Stockholm, Sweden. A variability of EC in the sampled grid-nets was observed at both of the sites; however, the site with less pollution affecting it presented greater variation in comparison to the polluted site. In side-by-side ratios between neighboring samples, a ratio of as much as ~16 is observed, presenting the potential variation at the less polluted site. An important process that is partly responsible for the variation at this site is wind. The EC concentrations increased over time at both of the sites, which supports the hypothesis that EC remains at the snow surface even as snow melt occurs in the spring.
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Hadley, Odelle L. "Black carbon transport and deposition to the California mountain snow pack." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307698.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 18, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Robertson, Noel Arthur. "Model-based and satellite estimates of snow hydrology and carbon fluxes at high latitudes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555106.

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This thesis is a study of how satellite data can be used to improve our understanding of the snow hydrology of boreal regions and its effects on their hydrological and carbon balance. The key parameter is the snow water equivalent (SWE). The thesis addresses two themes; (1) snow parameter retrieval from satellite data, and (2) the dependence on SWE of the hydrological and carbon balance of boreal regions. Using radiative transfer models, linked to a climate-driven snow model, it was found that the brightness temperature is most sensitive to the snow grain size, with SWE the second most significant parameter. Comparison of model predictions with SSMII satellite data showed a significant difference in spatial patterns in central Siberia. The most likely reasons are thought to be either an inaccurate estimate of snow grain size, or errors in the land cover description. For SWE or snow depth retrieval from passive microwave data to be successful, the evolution of the grain size needs to be better quantified. The combination of dynamic algorithm in early winter and static algorithm in middle to late winter produces the best overall results, particularly in Eurasia. The final part of the thesis uses a Dynamic Vegetation Model, SDGVM, to model the hydrological and carbon balance of the major boreal catchments, using a simple climate-driven model of SWE. It was found that there. was broad agreement in the annual water balance between the SDGVM and measured data of river discharge. There is a significant difference in seasonal timing due to the absence of some hydrological processes in SDGVM. Analysis of 21 SI century climate scenarios for the Ob basin indicates a slight reduction in annual runoff, but a significant increase in Net Biome Productivity.
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Winchell, Taylor S., David M. Barnard, Russell K. Monson, Sean P. Burns, and Noah P. Molotch. "Earlier snowmelt reduces atmospheric carbon uptake in midlatitude subalpine forests." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621684.

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Previous work demonstrates conflicting evidence regarding the influence of snowmelt timing on forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Based on 15years of eddy covariance measurements in Colorado, years with earlier snowmelt exhibited less net carbon uptake during the snow ablation period, which is a period of high potential for productivity. Earlier snowmelt aligned with colder periods of the seasonal air temperature cycle relative to later snowmelt. We found that the colder ablation-period air temperatures during these early snowmelt years lead to reduced rates of daily NEE. Hence, earlier snowmelt associated with climate warming, counterintuitively, leads to colder atmospheric temperatures during the snow ablation period and concomitantly reduced rates of net carbon uptake. Using a multilinear-regression (R-2=0.79, P<0.001) relating snow ablation period mean air temperature and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to ablation-period NEE, we predict that earlier snowmelt and decreased SWE may cause a 45% reduction in midcentury ablation-period net carbon uptake.
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Mellander, Per-Erik. "Spring water stress in Scots pine : interaction of snow and soil temperature /." Uppsala : Dept. of Environmental Assessment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s287.pdf.

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Gervillie, Charlotte. "Composite carbone/SnO2 fluoré comme matériau d’électrode négative pour les accumulateurs lithium-ion." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM021.

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Ce travail de thèse se propose de réfléchir à des solutions permettant de stabiliser les performances électrochimiques des électrodes négatives à base de SnO2 pour les accumulateurs lithium-ion. Tout d’abord, l’influence de la nanostructuration du SnO2 et des défauts inhérents sur les performances électrochimiques est étudiée. Puis, des composites carbone/SnO2 sont élaborés afin de contenir l’expansion volumique et l’influence de la dimensionnalité de la matrice carbonée (1D, 2D, 3D) sur les performances électrochimiques est démontrée. Finalement, la surface du matériau est fluorée en utilisant soit la fluoration moléculaire par F2(g) soit la fluoration radicalaire par décomposition thermique du XeF2(s). La stabilité de l’interface entre le matériau et l’électrolyte est alors améliorée et d’excel-lentes propriétés électrochimiques sont obtenues
This thesis work proposes solutions to stabilize the electrochemical performances of SnO2-based negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. First of all, the influence of SnO2 nanostructuration and inherent defects on electrochemical performances are studied. Then, carbon/SnO2 composites are synthesized to contain the volume expansion and the influence of the dimensionality of the carbonaceous matrix (1D, 2D, 3D) on the electrochemical performances is demonstrated. Finally, the surface of the material is fluorinated using either molecular fluorination by F2(g) or radical fluorination by thermal decomposition of XeF2(s). The stability of the interface between the material and the electrolyte is then improved and excellent electrochemical properties are obtained
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Guidi, Lionel. "Particle flux transformation in the mesopelagic water column: process analysis and global balance." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85946.

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Marine aggregates are an important means of carbon transfers downwards to the deep ocean as well as an important nutritional source for benthic organism communities that are the ultimate recipients of the flux. During these last 10 years, data on size distribution of particulate matter have been collected in different oceanic provinces using an Underwater Video Profiler. The cruise data include simultaneous analyses of particle size distributions as well as additional physical and biological measurements of water properties through the water column. First, size distributions of large aggregates have been compared to simultaneous measurements of particle flux observed in sediment traps. We related sediment trap compositional data to particle size (d) distributions to estimate their vertical fluxes (F) using simple power relationships (F=Ad^b). The spatial resolution of sedimentation processes allowed by the use of in situ particle sizing instruments lead to a more detailed study of the role of physical processes in vertical flux. Second, evolution of the aggregate size distributions with depth was related to overlying primary production and phytoplankton size-distributions on a global scale. A new clustering technique was developed to partition the profiles of aggregate size distributions. Six clusters were isolated. Profiles with a high proportion of large aggregates were found in high-productivity waters while profiles with a high proportion of small aggregates were located in low-productivity waters. The aggregate size and mass flux in the mesopelagic layer were correlated to the nature of primary producers (micro-, nano-, picophytoplankton fractions) and to the amount of integrated chlorophyll a in the euphotic layer using a multiple regression technique on principal components. Finally, a mesoscale area in the North Atlantic Ocean was studied to emphasize the importance of the physical structure of the water column on the horizontal and vertical distribution of particulate matter. The seasonal change in the abundance of aggregates in the upper 1000 m was consistent with changes in the composition and intensity of the particulate flux recorded in sediment traps. In an area dominated by eddies, surface accumulation of aggregates and export down to 1000 m occured at mesoscale distances (<100 km).
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Aldridge, James K. W. "Heterogeneous CuMn2O4, Pt, Pd and SnO2 catalysts for ambient temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/33320/.

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Ambient temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide is a vital reaction for life support in enclosed atmospheres such as submarines and spacecraft. This reaction is usually achieved through the use of two classes of catalyst. Firstly, mixed copper and manganese oxides designated ‘Hopcalite’ or CuMn2O4. Secondly, high surface area noble metal catalysts deposited on durable metal oxide supports. Both of these classes of catalyst are investigated in this thesis, with the aim of producing novel, reproducible, robust and active ambient temperature carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts. In this thesis, CuMn2O4 is sequentially doped and/or impregnated with low weightings (1-10%) of the transition metals V and Ce, noble metals Pd and Pt and metalloid Si in an attempt to improve activity and moisture resistance. It was observed that doped V, Ce, Pd and Si are catalytic poisons toward CuMn2O4. This is likely due to their interference in the Cu ↔ Mn redox mechanism. XRD investigations infer doped Pd is a structural promoter toward CuMn2O4, increasing surface area and decreasing catalyst crystalinity. Impregnation of noble metals Pt and Pd onto CuMn2O4 surface causes deactivation of the noble metals, most likely due to the oxidation of Pt and Pd by Mn. No novel catalyst tested in this thesis displayed increased resistance to moisture deactivation. Noble metals Pt and Pd were impregnated upon 3 mm diameter Al2O3 spheres and tested for ambient temperature CO oxidation activity. The positive synergy between the two metals is measured, and the most efficient Pt:Pd ratio is discovered to be ~ 1:4. A novel, atom efficient method, for synthesising Pt/Pd/SnO2/Al2O3 catalysts using tin oxalate was conceived of and investigated. Compared to existing reference catalysts, oxalate derived catalysts preformed favourably and can be described as equivalently active.
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Books on the topic "Carbonic snow"

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Warren, Stephen G. Optical properties of CO ́ice and CO ́snow in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared: Final report on NASA grant NAGW-1734. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Optical properties of CO ice and CO snow in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared: Final report on NASA grant NAGW-1734. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Carbon Dioxide Snow Storms During the Polar Night on Mars. Independently Published, 2018.

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Lau, William K. M. Impacts of Aerosols on Climate and Weather in the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.590.

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Situated at the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic (HKHG) region is under the clear and present danger of climate change. Flash-flood, landslide, and debris flow caused by extreme precipitation, as well as rapidly melting glaciers, threaten the water resources and livelihood of more than 1.2 billion people living in the region. Rapid industrialization and increased populations in recent decades have resulted in severe atmospheric and environmental pollution in the region. Because of its unique topography and dense population, the HKHG is not only a major source of pollution aerosol emissions, but also a major receptor of large quantities of natural dust aerosols transported from the deserts of West Asia and the Middle East during the premonsoon and early monsoon season (April–June). The dust aerosols, combined with local emissions of light-absorbing aerosols, that is, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust, can (a) provide additional powerful heating to the atmosphere and (b) allow more sunlight to penetrate the snow layer by darkening the snow surface. Both effects will lead to accelerated melting of snowpack and glaciers in the HKHG region, amplifying the greenhouse warming effect. In addition, these light-absorbing aerosols can interact with monsoon winds and precipitation, affecting extreme precipitation events in the HKHG, as well as weather variability and climate change over the TP and the greater Asian monsoon region.
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Book chapters on the topic "Carbonic snow"

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Sarthi, P. Parth, S. K. Dash, and Ashu Mamgain. "Changes in surface temperature and snow over the Western Himalaya Under Doubling of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)." In Challenges and Opportunities in Agrometeorology, 163–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19360-6_11.

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Tarasova, Eugenia N., Michael I. Kuzmin, Alexandre N. Gvozdkov, Elena A. Mamontova, Alexandre A. Mamontov, Marina Y. Khomutova, and Galina P. Chernyaeva. "Suspended and Dissolved Forms of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Lakes Baikal and Hovsgol (Snow, Tributaries, Water, Sediments)." In Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal, 329–47. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_21.

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Sherman, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning." In Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 695–716. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-29960-2.00016-2.

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Sherman, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning." In Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 987–1012. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551555-5.50022-8.

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Sherman, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning Applications." In Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning: Applications of Cleaning Techniques, 97–115. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815577-6.00003-7.

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"(solid) carbon dioxid(e) snow." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1272. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_195517.

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"Cleaning with Carbon Dioxide Snow." In Handbook for Critical Cleaning, 431–44. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10897-34.

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Thomas, Fabien, and Armand Masion. "27Al NMR Study of the Hydrolysis and Condensation of Organically Complexed Aluminum." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0015.

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Aluminum is the most abundant metal of the Earth’s crust, of which it represents approximately 8%, ranking after oxygen and silicon. It exists mainly as oxides. In terrestrial environments, aluminum commonly exists as secondary (authigenic) hydroxide or aluminosilicate minerals, mainly clays. These minerals are highly insoluble at neutral pH. However, aluminum occurs in detectable amounts in natural waters, due to leaching of the soil minerals in acidic conditions. Soil acidity may have a natural origin, such as an acidic (silicic) mother rock, melted snow, dissolved carbonic acid, or biologically generated organic acids. During the past two decades, it has been demonstrated that one of the major origins of increased aluminum mobilization and transport in forested soils is introduction of strong acid through atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition. It has also been shown that aqueous aluminum is the biogeochemical link between atmospheric pollution and damage caused to tree roots and aquatic organisms such as plankton, crustaceans, insects, and fish. Biological studies have shown that the different aluminum species exhibit various toxicities: the most toxic are the monomeric and the polynuclear species; complexation with organic acids results in low toxicity. The significance of aluminum to human health has long been regarded as negligible. There is a possible link between high-level aluminum contamination by renal dialysis or hemodialysis, and neurodegenerative health disorders such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases, but the part played by aluminum is not clear. However, since aluminum salts are used on an industrial level as coagulants and flocculants in water treatment, the aluminum concentration and speciation in drinking water deserve careful monitoring. Because of the specific toxicity of the aluminum species, there has been considerable concern in the past two decades over the speciation of aqueous aluminum present in soils and aquatic systems. To this end, several techniques have been developed in order to partition the aluminum species. The most common among them are chromatographic separation and categorization methods such as timed ferron reaction, and computational methods derived from thermodynamic equilibrium constants. However, significant discrepancies between the results have been noticed, and attributed to the dramatic interference of organic and inorganic anions in the Al fractionation.
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"14 Carbon Dioxide Dry Ice Snow Cleaning." In Handbook for Critical Cleaning, 353–60. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420039825-30.

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S. George, Nithya, Lolly Maria Jose, and Arun Aravind. "Review on Transition Metal Oxides and Their Composites for Energy Storage Application." In Updates on Supercapacitors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108781.

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Supercapacitors evolved as a breakthrough to the existing shortages in energy resources because of its enhanced capacitive performance, long-term stability, and high power density. Transition metal oxides (TMOs), a redox active material in energy storage applications, showing high specific capacitance (100–2000 F/g) than the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) material has been reviewed a lot. Among various TMOs, nickel oxide (NiO), tin oxide (SnO2), manganese dioxide (MnO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) are widely used by researchers due to their high theoretical capacitance, low cost, and long cycle life. The limitations of TMO-based electrode material includes low electrical conductivity, ion mobility, and low energy density. It is thus important to develop proper combination of TMO with other transition metals, TMOs, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), conducting polymers (CPs) and carbon-based materials (graphene oxide (GO), activated carbon (AC) and reduced GO (rGO)). This chapter focuses on ongoing development in six TMO-based electrode material (NiO, ZnO, MnO2, SnO2, WO3, V2O5) fabrication for the enhancement of electrochemical performance, their synthesis method and then review about the recent progress in studying the supercapacitor performance of the material. The limitations of each TMOs listed separately, providing new insights for future energy storage applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Carbonic snow"

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Malakooti, Amir, S. M. Sajed Sadati, Halil Ceylan, and Sunghwan Kim. "System Design Improvements of Heated Pavements: Recommendations for Future Projects." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/graq16tb.

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Many agencies allocate a great deal of resources to clearing infrastructure systems (e.g., roads, bridges, and airports) from ice and snow during winter seasons using traditional snow-removal equipment and application of salt or de-icing chemicals. Using an electrically-conductive concrete (ECON) heated pavement system (HPS) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to melting ice and snow. ECON is a carbon-fiber-reinforced form of concrete that uses carbon fiber (conductive agent) with low median electrical resistivity to conduct electrical current through the concrete ECON layer through embedded stainless-steel electrodes. The inherent electrical resistance in the concrete generates heat used in the ECON HPS to melt ice and snow on the surface. ECON HPS construction is different from regular concrete construction in using two-lift paving, two different concrete mixes, and embedded stainless-steel electrodes with electrical connections to a power supply. An ECON HPS demonstration project has recently been constructed at the south parking lot of the Iowa Department of Transportation in Ames, Iowa. This project consists of 10 instrumented slabs, and this paper is focused on the ideas for improvement and lessons learned emerged from the full-scale demonstration project with respect to the construction methods the ECON mix design, control system design, electrode, cross slope design, and instrumentation of the concrete pavement system. These improvements in the construction of this unique concrete pavement system are expected to increase future paving quality, ECON HPS performance, and significantly decrease construction time and cost of such systems.
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Robertson, Noel, and Shaun Quegan. "Modelling of snow hydrology of siberia for carbon budget calculations." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423080.

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Li, Jun-jian, Tong Qi, Shu-lin Li, and Guang Zhao. "Cleaning of ITO glass with carbon dioxide snow jet spray." In 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies: Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies, edited by Li Yang, Yaolong Chen, Ernst-Bernhard Kley, and Rongbin Li. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.783731.

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Hsieh, Chien-Te, Kuen-Song Lin, Shih Hung Chan, and Ay Su. "Fabrication of Composite Carbon Nanotubes With Different Oxidation Levels by a Self-Assembly Surface Modification." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97174.

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An efficient technique to fabricate metal-oxide/carbon composite nanotubes has been developed through a self-assembly processing that includes implantation of acidic groups and interaction between surface oxides and metal ions or hydration molecules. To functionalize carbon nanotubes, gaseous oxidation at 300 °C was firstly employed to build functional oxygen groups including carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl group, on the ends or sidewalls of the nanotubes. It revealed that the oxidized nanotubes express a slight improvement of surface hydrophilicity, which was demonstrated by contact angle measurement. X-ray photoelectron spectroscope investigation indicated that the ratio of attached metal-oxide onto the oxidized nanotubes gradually increases with oxidation level, i.e., surface O/C atomic ratio. This evidence reflected that the surface oxides act as an adsorption center that strongly interacts with metal ions or hydration molecules in aqueous phase. Applying this method, SnO2, RuO2, NiO and PtRu nanoparticles having an average size of 5 nm were assembled on the oxidized carbon nanotubes.
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Núñez Tafalla, Paula, Irene Salmerón, Silvia Venditti, and Joachim Hansen. "Combinated treatment of wastewater using photo-Fenton and granular active carbon enhancing the microcontaminants removal." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc2521711920221656.

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Zeng, Yunxi. "Deforestation and Carbon Sequestration Research at Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, Southwest China." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.318.

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Yu, Jie, Guanxiong Liu, Anirudha V. Sumant, and Alexander A. Balandin. "Graphene-diamond-silicon devices with increased current-carrying capacity: sp2-Carbon-sp3-Carbon-on-Silicon technology." In 2012 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snw.2012.6243282.

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Alexandrescu, Laurentia, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sönmez, Anton Ficai, Roxana Trusca, and Ioana Lavinia Ardelean. "Polyamide/Polyethylene/Carbon Fibre Polymer Nanocomposites." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.i.2.

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Polyamide and polyethylene are well known as engineering thermoplastic materials that are widely used in industrial applications for their good mechanical and thermal properties. The paper presents the study of the new nanostructured polymer composites based on polyamide/ compatibilizers/polyethylene/carbon fibres nanoparticles-PA/PE-g-MA/PE/CF in order to obtain, by injection, centre pivot liner, centre plates, and other components for the railway industry, with impact resistance higher than 5-8 kJ/m², abrasion resistance below 100 mm3, resistance to temperatures of -40 - 240°C, resistance to impact and to outdoor applications, with temperatures ranging from -40 to +60°C, in rain, snow or sunshine. The influence of carbon fibres nanoparticles (CF) on the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of the polyamide was studied. The nanocomposites based on polyamide/ compatibilizers/ polyethylene/carbon fibres nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and in terms of physico-mechanical properties. The studied nanocomposites have higher values compared to the blank samples, and the requirements of the railway of impact strength of 5 KJ/m2. Carbon fiber concentrations greater than 1.5% result in decreases in impact strength values, similar to traction resistance values, but not lower than standard values. This leads to the conclusion that the percentages of carbon fibers in the range of 0.1-1.5% achieve maximum values of physical-mechanical parameters.
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Inose, Takashi, Tomoko Ogura Iwasaki, Sheyang Ning, Darlene Viviani, Monte Manning, X. M. Henry Huang, Thomas Rueckes, and Ken Takeuchi. "Reliability study of Carbon Nanotube memory after various cycling conditions." In 2016 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snw.2016.7577997.

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Li, Junjian, and Tong Li. "ITO glass polishing using carbon dioxide snow jet technique for organic light-emitting diodes." In 4th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies: Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies, edited by Li Yang, John M. Schoen, Yoshiharu Namba, and Shengyi Li. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.830990.

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