Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carbonate pump'
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Planchat, Alban. "Alkalinity and calcium carbonate in Earth system models, and implications for the ocean carbon cycle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLE005.
Full textOcean alkalinity (Alk) is critical for the uptake of atmospheric carbon and provides buffering capacity against acidification. Within the context of projections of ocean carbon uptake and potential ecosystem impacts, the representation of Alk and the main driver of its distribution in the ocean interior, the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) cycle, have often been overlooked. This thesis addresses the lack of consideration given to Alk and the CaCO3 cycle in Earth system models (ESMs) and explores the implications for the carbon cycle in a pre-industrial ocean as well as under climate change scenarios. Through an ESM intercomparison, a reduction in simulated Alk biases in the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is reported. This reduction can be partially explained by increased pelagic calcification, redistributing Alk at the surface and strengthening its vertical gradient in the water column. A review of the ocean biogeochemical models used in current ESMs reveals a diverse representation of the CaCO3 cycle and processes affecting Alk. Parameterization schemes for CaCO3 production, export, dissolution, and burial vary substantially, with no benthic calcification and generally only calcite considered. This diversity leads to contrasting projections of carbon export associated with CaCO3 from the surface ocean to the ocean interior in future scenarios. However, sensitivity simulations performed with the NEMO-PISCES ocean biogeochemical model indicate that the feedback of this on anthropogenic carbon fluxes and ocean acidification remains limited. Through an ensemble of NEMO-PISCES simulations, careful consideration of the Alk budget is shown to be critical to estimating pre-industrial ocean carbon outgassing due to riverine discharge and the burial of organic matter and CaCO3. Such estimates are fundamental to assessing anthropogenic air-sea carbon fluxes using observational data and highlight the need for greater constraints on the ocean Alk budget
Lemaitre, Nolwenn. "Approche multi-proxy (Thorium-234, Baryum en excès) des flux d'export et de reminéralisation du carbone et des éléments nutritifs associés à la pompe biologique océanique." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0009/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the different controls that affect the oceanic biological carbon pump. Particulate export and remineralization fluxes were investigated using the thorium-234 (234Th) and biogenic barium (Baxs) proxies.In the North Atlantic, the highest particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were associated to biogenic (biogenic silica or calcium carbonate) and lithogenic minerals, ballasting the particles.Export efficiency was generally low (< 10%) and inversely related to primary production, highlighting a phase lag between production and export. The highest transfer efficiencies, i.e. the fraction of POC that reached 400m, were driven by sinking particles ballasted by calcite or lithogenic minerals.The regional variation of mesopelagic remineralization was attributed to changes in bloom intensity, phytoplankton cell size, community structure and physical forcing (downwelling). Carbon remineralization balanced, or even exceeded, POC export, highlighting the impact of mesopelagic remineralization on the biological pump with a near-zero, deep carbon sequestration for spring 2014.Export of trace metals appeared strongly influenced by lithogenic material advected from the margins. However, at open ocean stations not influenced by lithogenic matter, trace metal export rather depended on phytoplankton activity and biomass.A last part of this work focused on export of biogenic silica, particulate nitrogen and iron near the Kerguelen Island. This area is characterized by a natural iron-fertilization that increases export fluxes. Inside the fertilized area, flux variability is related to phytoplankton community composition
Noury, Adrien. "Photonique hybride des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112199/document.
Full textOn-chip optical communication may increase drastically performances and consumption of communication systems. Indeed, optical channels do not face limitations that metallics interconnects do. Even better would be the achievable data rate due to the multiplexing possibility in optics. In order to keep compatibility with electronic devices, optical components and interconnects should be built in silicon. However, this material is not suitable for some optical function, such as laser sources. Thus, there is a need to integrate alternative materials to compensate for silicon weaknesses. My PhD work focuses on integration of carbon nanotube on silicon for photonics applications. In this work, potential use of carbon nanotube for light emission function is investigated. First, I will propose clue to understand the appearance of optical gain in semiconducting carbon nanotube. Such investigation is done by mean of pump-probe experiments, where the excitons lifetimes are measured. Those lifetimes slightly increase while centrifugation time and speed is increased, during the extraction process. A possible explanation is that defect-free carbon nanotubes are selected by the centrifugation process. In parallel, I worked on designing an efficient method to couple nanotubes photoluminescence with silicon waveguides. This method appears to be quite robust, and allows to observe coupling between the nanotube photoluminescence and the optical mode of the waveguide. In order to obtain a more intense interaction between the optical mode and carbon nanotubes, I investigated the coupling between carbon nanotubes and several photonic cavities, including microdisks, Fabry-Pérot cavities and ring resonators. Specifically, ring resonators allow to measure the photoluminescence of carbon nanotube structured by the resonant modes. Several configurations are studied to understand more in-depth the coupling mechanisms: micro-photoluminescence, guided photoluminescence and integrated photoluminescence
Stenman, David. "Advanced oxidation technologies for the pulp industry : an investigation on the delignifying properties of the carbonate radical anion /." Stockholm : Department of Chemistry - Nuclear Chemistry, Kungliga tekniska högskolan, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-69.
Full textBouchachi, Nawal. "Assessing the role of the microbial carbon pump in carbon cycling in the Mediterranean Sea." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS165.
Full textDissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the largest reservoirs of reduced carbon on earth, containing roughly the same amount of carbon as CO2 in the atmosphere. Heterotrophic prokaryotes (HP, Bacteria and Archaea) play a key role in DOM cycling in the ocean. They process about half of the carbon fixed by primary producers, either to produce biomass or CO2. However, less attention has been paid to the role of HP as DOM source. The so-called microbial carbon pump (MCP) states that HP produce recalcitrant DOM, this is, compounds that resist further remineralization and are thus stored in the ocean for thousands of years. In oligotrophic ecosystems, such as the Mediterranean Sea, the MCP is predicted to play a major role in carbon sequestration. The ultimate reasons why this DOM is produced, and which are the conditions that make it refractory, remain unclear. Our objective is to understand the environmental factors driving the MCP, with a particular focus on DOM dynamics in Med Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem particularly limited in phosphorus and highly vulnerable to climate change. We mainly answer 3 questions: Is the quantity and quality of HP-derived DOM (HP-DOM) dependent on P limitation? Does P limitation affect the bioavailability of HP-DOM?. How does DOM composition and bioavailability change seasonally in the Med Sea and what is the role of HP on this variability?To determine the effect of P limitation on HP-DOM, lab incubations were carried out using single bacterial strains and mixed HP communities. Incubations were done in artificial sea water with a single carbon source (glucose) under contrasting P concentrations, and HP-DOM was quantified and characterized at the stationary growth phase. Here, we showed that P limitation did not significantly affect the quantity of HP-DOM but it affected its quality, measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (FDOM), with a predominance of humic-like FDOM under P limitation but protein-like FDOM under P repletion. This HP-DOM was then used as a substrate for natural prokaryotes to test the bioavailability of the HP-DOM released under P repletion or P limitation (chapter II). These experiments demonstrated that HP-DOM promoted significant growth in all treatments, and no clear differences in HP-DOM lability were evidenced based on the prokaryotic growth. But HP-DOM supported the growth of diverse communities and P-driven differences in HP-DOM quality selected for different indicator taxa. Our findings emphasize that HP-DOM lability is dependent on both DOM quality, shaped by P availability, and the composition of the consumers community. To see if HP-DOM release patterns observed in the lab could be translated into field observations, sampling in the Med Sea was carried from 2019 to 2021 to follow temporal changes in DOM composition, measured by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) together with other DOM descriptors (DOC, FDOM, etc.), microbial and environmental measures. We hypothesized that DOM composition in the surface Med Sea changes from labile to refractory compounds during the summer accumulation period, and that HP might play a significant role in its formation. DOM recalcitrance proxies (aromaticity, unsaturation and molecular size) increased in summer; confirming our hypothesis of an increase in DOM recalcitrance in the mixed layer during stratification. DOM molecular and chemical functional diversity also increased, suggesting that the accumulated DOM in summer is likely the result of the interplay between different processes: dissolved primary production, prokaryotic processing and photobleaching that transform DOM into a highly diverse pool enriched in recalcitrant compounds. Overall, this thesis brings together experimental and in situ observations of biogeochemical and microbial parameters to understand the role of the microbial carbon pump in DOM cycling in the ocean
Dellero, Tarik. "Étude d'un système à absorption solide pour le chauffage et la réfrigération utilisant des fibres de carbone comme additif." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0127.
Full textLanglois, Benjamin. "Propriétés optiques hors-équilibre des nanotubes de carbone nus ou fonctionnalisés." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0017/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the experimental study by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of micellar solutions of carbon nanotubes. The properties of carbon nanotubes are greatly affected by their 1D geometry. Quantum confinement of electrons in 1D leads to enhanced coulomb interactions giving rise to strongly bound excitons. Many-body effects between excitons is investigated by the moment method analysis of the transient absorption spectra. The relaxation of excitons is controlled by diffusion-limited collisions between excitons. The presence of excitons in the lowest subband results in a broadening and an uniform blue-shift of the excitonic energy spectrum. Intra and intersubband interactions turn out to be of the same magnitude, in agreement with a simple mean field theory of excitonic interactions.Moreover, the one-layer structure of nanotubes results in strong interaction with the environment. We take advantage of the environmental sensitivity of nanotubes in hybrid compounds where the non-covalent functionalization with dyes opens a new extrinsic monochromatic excitation channel of the nanotubes through an efficient and ultrafast energy transfer between dyes and nanotubes. Once the exciton transferred to the nanotube, its relaxation is similar to the one observed in bare nanotubes
Terrats, Louis. "Le flux de carbone particulaire et le lien avec la communauté phytoplanctonique : une approche par flotteurs-profileurs biogéochimiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS550.pdf.
Full textThe ocean plays a key role in the climate by exchanging large quantities of carbon with the atmosphere. Atmospheric carbon is fixed at the ocean surface by phytoplankton that transforms it into biogenic carbon, part of which is transported to the deep ocean by physical and biological mechanisms; this is the Biological Carbon Pump (BCP). A tiny fraction of this biogenic carbon reaches sufficient depths to be sequestered for several centuries before it returns to the atmosphere, thus regulating concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Today, we know enough about the BCP to recognize its importance in climate, but our knowledge of its functioning is limited due to insufficient sampling of biogenic carbon fluxes. Here, we used BioGeoChimical-Argo floats, observational platforms designed to solve the undersampling problem, to explore a major mechanism of the BCP called the gravitational pump. The gravitational pump is the transport of biogenic carbon in the form of organic particles (POC) that sink from the surface into the deep ocean. Our study of the gravitational pump is divided into three axes. The first axis consisted of developing a method to detect blooms of coccolithophores, a major phytoplankton group that potentially has an important control on the transport of POC at depth. The second axis focused on the seasonal and regional variability of POC fluxes in the Southern Ocean, an undersampled area in which several floats have been deployed with an optical sediment trap (OST). Only ten floats were equipped with an OST, which is low compared to the whole BGC-Argo fleet (i.e. several hundred floats). Therefore, in the third axis, we developed a method to estimate the POC flux with the standard sensors of BGC-Argo floats. This method was then applied to hundreds of floats to describe the seasonal variability of the POC flux in many regions. In this study, we also highlighted the link between the POC flux and the nature of surface particles. For example, we calculated relationships between phytoplankton community composition and POC flux at 1000m. Using these relationships, we then used satellite observations to extrapolate POC flux to large spatial scales, such as the entire Southern Ocean and the global ocean
Caffin, Mathieu. "Devenir de la fixation d'azote et export de carbone dans l'océan Pacifique tropical sud-ouest." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0475/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the quantification of diazotrophy and its influence on biogeochemical cycles in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean, a critically under-sampled region so far. The aim of this work is to (1) quantify N2 fixation and identify the main contributors of diazotrophy in this region, (2) assess the influence of N2 fixation on primary production and carbon export, (3) identify transfer pathways of the fixed nitrogen in the planktonic food web.We have found that the western tropical South Pacific Ocean was a hotspot of N2 fixation. In the western part, the oligotrophic waters of the Melanesian archipelago presented high N2 fixation rates and diazotrophes were dominated by Trichodesmium. In the eastern part, the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific gyre presented lower N2 fixation rates, and diazotrophs were dominated by UCYN-B.The nitrogen budgets show that N2 fixation contributed to more than 90 % of the of new nitrogen input in the photic layer. The study of the transfer pathways of the fixed nitrogen has shown that 7 to 15 % of total N2 fixation was transferred to non-diazotrophs.This PhD thesis indicates that diazotrophy sustains the biological pump in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean, and can have a critical influence in the planktonic community structure and in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in oligotrophic regions
Drago, Laetitia. "Analyse globale de la pompe à carbone biologique à partir de données en imagerie quantitative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS562.
Full textThe biological carbon pump (BCP) plays a central role in the global ocean carbon cycle, transporting carbon from the surface to the deep ocean and sequestering it for long periods. This work aims to analyse two key players of the BCP: zooplankton and particles. To this end, we use in situ imaging data from the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) to investigate two primary axes: 1) the global distribution of zooplankton biomass and 2) carbon export in the context of a North Atlantic spring bloom. Our objectives includes a quantification of global zooplankton biomass, enhancing our comprehension of the BCP via morphological analysis of particles, and assessing and comparing the gravitational flux of detrital particles during a the North Atlantic spring bloom using high-resolution UVP5 data. With the help of UVP5 imagery and machine learning through habitat models using boosted regression trees, we investigate the global distribution of zooplankton biomass and its ecological implications. The results show maximum zooplankton biomass values around 60°N and 55°S and minimum values within the oceanic gyres, with a global biomass dominated by crustaceans and rhizarians. By employing machine learning techniques on globally homogeneous data, this study provides taxonomical insights into the distribution of 19 large zooplankton groups (1-50 mm equivalent spherical diameter). This first protocol estimates global, spatially resolved zooplankton biomass and community composition from in situ imaging observations of individual organisms. In addition, within the unique context of the EXPORTS 2021 campaign, we analyse UVP5 data obtained by deploying three instruments in a highly retentive eddy. After clustering the 1,720,914 images using Morphocluster, a semi-autonomous classification software, we delve into the characteristics of the marine particles, studying their morphology through an oblique framework that follows a plume of detrital particles between the surface and 800 m depth. The results of the plume following approach show that, contrary to expectations, aggregates become unexpectedly larger, denser, more circular and more complex with depth. In contrast, the evolution of fecal pellets is more heterogeneous and shaped by zooplankton activity. Such results challenge previous expectations and may require a reassessment of our view of sinking aggregates and fecal pellets. We also studied concentration and carbon flux dynamics using a more traditional 1D framework where we explore the three key elements in flux estimation from in situ imaging data by comparing UVP5 and sediment trap flux estimates: size range covered, sinking rate and carbon content. According to the current literature, neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBST) and surface-tethered traps (STT) usually cover a size range from 10 µm to approximately 2 mm. In our study, we have found that by expanding the UVP size range to 10 µm and limiting it to 2 mm, a more consistent comparison can be made between UVP5-generated flux and sediment trap fluxes (obtained by colleagues). However, it is worth noting that there remains a large flux contribution above this size threshold, necessitating further investigation of its implications through the use of complementary approaches such as the use of sediment traps with larger openings. This manuscript not only advances our knowledge, but also addresses critical challenges in estimating zooplankton biomass and particle dynamics during export events. The findings of this study open up new avenues for future research on the biological carbon pump and deepen our understanding of marine ecosystems
Meilland, Julie. "Rôle des foraminifères planctoniques dans le cycle du carbone marin des hautes latitudes (Océan Indien Austral)." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0059/document.
Full textPlanktonic foraminifera contribute to the marine biological carbon pump by generating organic (cytoplasm) and inorganic (shell) carbon fluxes. In this study, we characterized LPF total abundances, assemblages and test morphometry (minimum diameter) along 19 stations sampled by stratified plankton net (Multinet), during three consecutive austral summers (2012-2014) in the Southern Indian Ocean (30°S-60°S, 50°E-80°E). By demonstrating the efficiency of CPR for LPF sampling, we analysed population dynamic between 19 multinet sampling stations, showing the effect of frontal position on LPF production. To better constrain the impact of those organisms in the biological carbon pump at high latitudes, we have quantified the individual protein-biomass and test calcite mass of more than 2000 LPF. Differences in size-normalized protein-biomass and in size-normalized weight between years, species, and water bodies suggest that environmental parameters affect the production of planktonic foraminifera organic and inorganic carbon to varying degrees. Consequently, planktonic foraminifera are assumed to affect the biological carbon pump, depending on ecological conditions and biological prerequisites. The applicability of planktonic foraminifera tests as proxy of the past biological carbon pump in high latitudes would hence critically depend on the effect exerted by changing in ecological conditions, and the presence of different species. This study proposes a first estimation of planktonic foraminifera Corg and Cinorg standing stock and fluxes in the Southern Indian Ocean
Le, Gland Guillaume. "Contraindre les échanges côte-large et la pompe biologique de carbone par modélisation inverse de deux radio-isotopes (radium228 et thorium234)." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0032/document.
Full textThe oceanic cycles of carbon and the main nutrients are poorly known since they are affected by many physical, chemical or biological sources and sinks that are difficult to estimate by direct measurements.One way to better constrain these important processes is to use the information contained in more simple tracers called "proxies". As radium 228 (228Ra) flows from the continental shelves, it is used as a proxy of water and mineral elements fluxes from the coast to the open ocean. In particular, it is often used to estimate the SGD (Submarine Groundwater Discharge). For its part, thorium 234 (234Th), an insoluble radio-isotope, is used to constrain the dynamics of the solid particles onto which it is adsorbed. The carbon flux from the surface to the deep ocean, called "biological carbon pump" (BCP), is often estimated by a 234Th-based method.During this PhD, a numerical model with a resolution of 2°, based on the circulation of the NEMO-OPA model and the particle fields of the PISCES model, was built for each of the two radioisotopes.Several unknown model parameters were constrained by observations using an inverse technique.The inverse modeling of 228Ra was used to constrain 228Ra fluxes from 38 coastal regions.However, the SGD fluxes are poorly constrained by this method, because SGD can be confused with another source of 228Ra: diffusion from sediments.The inverse modeling of 234Th produced estimates of partition coefficients, representing the affinity of different particle types for this isotope. It was also used to estimate the errors associated with some common simplifications made in 234Th-based BCP studies
Yuma, Bertrand Kei. "Etude de la dynamique des états excités des nanotubes du carbone mono-paroi." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994244.
Full textRamondenc, Simon. "Analyse des variations spatio-temporelles du zooplancton gélatineux et son effet sur les flux de matières à l'aide d'une approche combinant expérimentation et écologie numérique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066528/document.
Full textThe term “plankton” refers to all the organisms drifting in the water following the currents. Commonly, the vegetable autotrophic and mainly photosynthetic, “phytoplankton” is distinguished from the heterotrophic and animal “zooplankton”. In the last decades, many studies reported an increase in the abundances and spatial distributions of gelatinous zooplankton in many oceans. Even if the concept of “jellyfication of the oceans” needs to be used with caution, jellyfish populations show an increase in Mediterranean Sea over the last 40 years. The species Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskål, 1775) is considered as the most abundant jellyfish in the Mediterranean basin since the 70s. Due to its massive presence in this area, it is essential to evaluate precisely the impact of P. noctiluca on both biogeochemical cycles and pelagic ecosystem structure. Thus, the contribution of P. noctiluca to the two main factors regulating the biological carbon transfer in the oceans: carbon sequestration via the biological carbon pump and carbon transfer through trophic networks. This manuscript is divided in 3 main sections : (i) providing an initial budget of the particulate (POCtotal) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Mediterranean sea, (ii) building an ecophysiological model of P. noctiluca to estimate its contribution to the biological carbon pump, and (iii) assessing the trophic level of P. noctiluca and its potential impact on lower trophic levels
Benoiston, Anne-Sophie. "Méta-omique et méta-données environnementales : vers une nouvelle compréhension de la pompe à carbone biologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS182.pdf.
Full textThe biological carbon pump encompasses a series of processes including the primary production of organic matter in the surface ocean, its export to deeper waters and its remineralization. The common highlighted actors are diatoms because of their contribution to primary production and carbon export and copepods for their production of fecal pellets. However, the biological pump is the result of complex interactions among organisms rather than their independent actions. Besides, although size distribution and mineral composition of phytoplankton in surface was shown to significantly influence the strength of carbon export, it is unknown whether meta-omic data can efficiently predict the processes of the biological carbon pump. In this thesis, I first propose to revisit the study of the biological carbon pump in the oligotrophic ocean by defining biogeochemical states of the ocean based on the relative contribution of primary production, carbon export and flux attenuation in Tara Oceans sampling stations. The analysis of the states in terms of microbial composition and interactions inferred from metabarcoding data revealed that variation in associations rather than lineages presence seems to drive the states of the biological carbon pump. Then, by using meta-omics and environmental parameters from the Tara Oceans expeditions, I propose the first study trying to predict biogeochemical states from biological abundances derived from environmental DNA, with the goal of providing a list of biomarkers
Dumont, Isabelle. "Interactions between the microbial network and the organic matter in the Southern Ocean: impacts on the biological carbon pump." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210300.
Full textThe Southern Ocean (ca. 20% of the world ocean surface) is a key place for the regulation of Earth climate thanks to its capacity to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms. The biological carbon pump is a major pathway of absorption of CO2 through which the CO2 incorporated into autotrophic microorganisms in surface waters is transferred to deep waters. This process is influenced by the extent of the primary production and by the intensity of the remineralization of organic matter along the water column. So, the annual cycle of sea ice, through its in situ production and remineralization processes but also, through the release of microorganisms, organic and inorganic nutrients (in particular iron)into the ocean has an impact on the carbon cycle of the Southern Ocean, notably by promoting the initiation of phytoplanktonic blooms at time of ice melting.
The present work focussed on the distribution of organic matter (OM) and its interactions with the microbial network (algae, bacteria and protozoa) in sea ice and ocean, with a special attention to the factors which regulate the biological carbon pump of the Southern Ocean. This thesis gathers data collected from a) late winter to summer in the Western Pacific sector, Western Weddell Sea and Bellingshausen Sea during three sea ice cruises ARISE, ISPOL-drifting station and SIMBA-drifting station and b) summer in the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Front Zone during the oceanographic cruise SAZ-Sense.
The sea ice covers were typical of first-year pack ice with thickness ranging between 0.3 and 1.2 m, and composed of granular and columnar ice. Sea ice temperature ranging between -8.9°C and -0.4°C, brines volume ranging between 2.9 to 28.2% and brines salinity from 10 to >100 were observed. These extreme physicochemical factors experienced by the microorganisms trapped into the semi-solid sea ice matrix therefore constitute an extreme change as compared to the open ocean. Sea ice algae were mainly composed of diatoms but autotrophic flagellates (such as dinoflagellates or Phaeocystis sp.) were also typically found in surface ice layers. Maximal algal biomass was usually observed in the bottom ice layers except during SIMBA where the maxima was localised in the top ice layers likely because of the snow and ice thickness which limit the light available in the ice cover. During early spring, the algal growth was controlled by the space availability (i.e. brine volume) while in spring/summer (ISPOL, SIMBA) the major nutrients availability inside sea ice may have controlled algal growth. At all seasons, high concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic matter were measured in sea ice as compared to the water column. Dissolved monomers (saccharides and amino acids) were accumulated in sea ice, in particular in winter. During spring and summer, polysaccharides constitute the main fraction of the dissolved saccharides pool. High concentrations of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), mainly constituted with saccharides, were present and their gel properties greatly influence the internal habitat of sea ice, by retaining the nutrients and by preventing the protozoa grazing pressure, inducing therefore an algal accumulation. The composition as well as the vertical distribution of OM in sea ice was linked to sea ice algae.
Besides, the distribution of microorganisms and organic compounds in the sea ice was also greatly influenced by the thermodynamics of the sea ice cover, as evidenced during a melting period for ISPOL and during a floodfreeze cycle for SIMBA. The bacteria distribution in the sea ice was not correlated with those of algae and organic matter. Indeed, the utilization of the accumulated organic matter by bacteria seemed to be limited by an external factor such as temperature, salinity or toxins rather than by the nature of the organic substrates, which are partly composed of labile monomeric saccharides. Thus the disconnection of the microbial loop leading to the OM accumulation was highlighted in sea ice.
In addition the biofilm formed by TEP was also involved in the retention of cells and other compounds(DOM, POM, and inorganic nutrients such as phosphate and iron) to the brine channels walls and thus in the timing of release of ice constituents when ice melts. The sequence of release in marginal ice zone, as studied in a microcosm experiments realized in controlled and trace-metal clean conditions, was likely favourable to the development of blooms in the marginal ice zone. Moreover microorganisms derived from sea ice (mainly <10 µm) seems able to thrive and grow in the water column as also the supply of organic nutrients and Fe seems to benefit to the pelagic microbial community.
Finally, the influence of the remineralization of organic matter by heterotrophic bacterioplankton on carbon export and biological carbon pump efficiency was investigated in the epipelagic (0-100 m) and mesopelagic(100-700 m) zones during the summer in the sub-Antarctic and Polar Front zones (SAZ and PFZ) of the Australian sector (Southern Ocean). Opposite to sea ice, bacterial biomass and activities followed Chl a and organic matter distributions. Bacterial abundance, biomass and activities drastically decreased below depths of 100-200 m. Nevertheless, depth-integrated rates through the thickness of the different water masses showed that the mesopelagic contribution of bacteria represents a non-negligible fraction, in particular in a diatom-dominated system./
L’océan Antarctique (± 20% de la surface totale des océans) est un endroit essentiel pour la régulation du climat de notre planète grâce à sa capacité d’absorber le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) atmosphérique par des mécanismes physico-chimique et biologique. La pompe biologique à carbone est un processus majeur de fixation de CO2 par les organismes autotrophes à la surface de l’océan et de transfert de carbone organique vers le fond de l’océan. Ce processus est influencé par l’importance de la production primaire ainsi que par l’intensité de la reminéralisation de la matière organique dans la colonne d’eau. Ainsi, le cycle annuel de la glace via sa production/reminéralisation in situ mais aussi via l’ensemencement de l’océan avec des microorganismes et des nutriments organiques et inorganiques (en particulier le fer) a un impact sur le cycle du carbone dans l’Océan Antarctique, notamment en favorisant l’initiation d’efflorescences phytoplanctoniques dans la zone marginale de glace.
Plus précisément, nous avons étudié les interactions entre le réseau microbien (algues, bactéries et protozoaires) et la matière organique dans le but d’évaluer leurs impacts potentiels sur la pompe biologique de carbone dans l’Océan Austral. Deux écosystèmes différents ont été étudiés :la glace de mer et le milieu océanique grâce à des échantillons prélevés lors des campagnes de glace ARISE, ISPOL et SIMBA et lors de la campagne océanographique SAZ-Sense, couvrant une période allant de la fin de l’hiver à l’été.
La glace de mer est un environnement très particulier dans lequel les microorganismes planctoniques se trouvent piégés lors de la formation de la banquise et dans lesquels ils subissent des conditions extrêmes de température et de salinité, notamment. Les banquises en océan ouvert étudiées (0,3 à 1,2 m d’épaisseur, températures de -8.9°C à -0.4°C, volumes relatifs de saumure de 2.9 à 28.2% et salinités de saumures entre 10 et jusque >100) étaient composées de glace columnaire et granulaire. Les algues de glace étaient principalement des diatomées mais des flagellés autotrophes (tels que des dinoflagellés ou Phaeocystis sp.) ont été typiquement observés dans les couches de glace de surface. Les biomasses algales maximales se trouvaient généralement dans la couche de glace de fond sauf à SIMBA où les maxima se trouvaient en surface, probablement en raison de l’épaisseur des couches de neige et de glace, limitant la lumière disponible dans la colonne de glace. Au début du printemps, la croissance algale était contrôlée par l’espace disponible (càd le volume des saumures) tandis qu’au printemps/été, la disponibilité en nutriments majeurs a pu la contrôler. A toutes les saisons, des concentrations élevées en matière organique (MO) dissoute et particulaire on été mesurées dans la glace de mer par rapport à l’océan. Des monomères dissous (sucres et acides aminés) étaient accumulés dans la glace, surtout en hiver. Au printemps et été, les polysaccharides dissous dominaient le réservoir de sucres. La MO était présente sous forme de TEP qui par leurs propriétés de gel modifie l’habitat interne de la glace. Ce biofilm retient les nutriments et gêne le mouvement des microorganismes. La composition et la distribution de la MO dans la glace étaient en partie reliées aux algues de glace. De plus, la thermodynamique de la couverture de glace peut contrôler la distribution des microorganismes et de la MO, comme observé lors de la fonte de la glace à ISPOL et lors du refroidissement de la banquise à SIMBA. La distribution des bactéries n’est pas corrélée avec celle des algues et de la MO dans la glace. En effet, la consommation de la MO par les bactéries semble être limitée non pas par la nature chimique des substrats mais par un facteur extérieur affectant le métabolisme bactérien tel que la température, la salinité ou une toxine. Le dysfonctionnement de la boucle microbienne menant à l’accumulation de la MO dans la glace a donc été mis en évidence dans nos échantillons.
De plus, le biofilm formé par les TEP est aussi impliquée dans l’attachement des cellules et autres composés aux parois des canaux de saumure et donc dans la séquence de largage lors de la fonte. Cette séquence semble propice au développement d’efflorescences phytoplanctoniques dans la zone marginale de glace. Les microorganismes originaires de la glace (surtout ceux de taille < 10 μm) semblent capables de croître dans la colonne d’eau et l’apport en nutriments organiques et inorganiques apparaît favorable à la croissance des microorganismes pélagiques.
Enfin, l’influence des activités hétérotrophes sur l’export de carbone et l’efficacité de la pompe biologique à carbone a été évaluée dans la couche de surface (0-100 m) et mésopélagique (100-700 m) de l’océan. Au contraire de la glace, les biomasses et activités bactériennes suivaient les distributions de la chlorophyll a et de la MO. Elles diminuent fortement en dessous de 100-200 m, néanmoins les valeurs intégrées sur la hauteur de la colonne d’eau indiquent que la reminéralisation de la MO par les bactéries dans la zone mésopélagique est loin d’être négligeable, spécialement dans une région dominée par les diatomées.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lafond, Augustin. "Rôle de la biodiversité des diatomées dans la modulation des flux biogéochimiques du carbone et du silicium dans les milieux polaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0013.
Full textPolar regions are particularly affected by the ongoing climate changes which have profound consequences on the development of phytoplankton and on the functioning of the biological pump. Plankton community structure and species-specific properties can strongly influence the export of organic matter and biomineral. The objectives of this PhD are (1) to identify the factors controlling the development and the structure of diatom communities, (2) to assess the influence of species diversity on the composition of particulate matter, and (3) to understand diatom mortality and export modes in the deep ocean. This work is based on the study of two subpolar regions: (1) the Baffin Bay in the Arctic, and (2) the Kerguelen region in the Southern Ocean. In Baffin Bay, we highlight a diatom community succession in relation with sea ice melting and the strong west-to-east water masses gradient prevailing in the bay. In the Kerguelen region, we confirm that iron is a key parameter controlling diatom community structure since we identified two distinct communities located either above the Fe-fertilized plateau or in adjacent HNLC waters. In the HNLC area, diatoms were more heavily silicified, resulting in higher Si:C elemental ratios in diatoms as well as in the bulk particulate matter. We show that 93 % of the intermediate (125-500 m) and deep (>500 m) particle stocks were single diatom cells — fecal pellets and aggregates represented less than 2% of the collected particles — providing new evidences of the importance of small particles for export fluxes
Guyennon, Arnaud. "Etude de l'exportation de carbone organique à l'échelle de la mer Méditerranée à l'aide de la modélisation couplée physique/biogéochimie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4113/document.
Full textThis work is part of the SIMED project which is dedicated to basin-scale modeling of the Mediterranean Sea. It also belongs to the MERMEX program which aims at studying biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea and their evolution. The first step of this work was to couple the hydrodynamic modeling platform (NEMO) to the mechanistic biogeochemical modeling platform (Eco3M). We ran a simulation (2000-2012) using the hydrodynamic outputs from NEMO-MED12 configuration to force the biogeochamical model Eco3M-MED. The model evaluation was conducted using numerous field measurements (chlorophyll, nutrients, primary production, etc.). The simulation strengthens and extends to the whole basin the prominent role of dissolved organic carbon in the biological carbon pump in the whole Mediterranean Sea. A comprehensive analysis of organic carbon (particulate and dissolved) production processes production was performed. Results reveal that particulate organic carbon production is restricted to the highly dynamic areas, whereas dissolved organic carbon accumulation in the surface layers is a common process in much areas of the basin. This latter process appeared to dependant on the cellular contents of phytoplancton and heterotrophic bacteria, themselved being controled by low phosphate availability. Finally, the dissolved organic carbon contribution to carbon export is around 64 % in the Western basin, and up to 90 % in the Eastern basin. When taking into account the dissolved fraction, total organic carbon export in the Eastern basin -despite its higher oligotrophy- exceeds the one in the Western basin (60% against 40 %)
Chirat, Christine. "Effet de l'ozone sur les hydrates de carbone et la lignine des pâtes à papier chimiques : application au blanchiment." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0049.
Full textRamondenc, Simon. "Analyse des variations spatio-temporelles du zooplancton gélatineux et son effet sur les flux de matières à l'aide d'une approche combinant expérimentation et écologie numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066528.pdf.
Full textThe term “plankton” refers to all the organisms drifting in the water following the currents. Commonly, the vegetable autotrophic and mainly photosynthetic, “phytoplankton” is distinguished from the heterotrophic and animal “zooplankton”. In the last decades, many studies reported an increase in the abundances and spatial distributions of gelatinous zooplankton in many oceans. Even if the concept of “jellyfication of the oceans” needs to be used with caution, jellyfish populations show an increase in Mediterranean Sea over the last 40 years. The species Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskål, 1775) is considered as the most abundant jellyfish in the Mediterranean basin since the 70s. Due to its massive presence in this area, it is essential to evaluate precisely the impact of P. noctiluca on both biogeochemical cycles and pelagic ecosystem structure. Thus, the contribution of P. noctiluca to the two main factors regulating the biological carbon transfer in the oceans: carbon sequestration via the biological carbon pump and carbon transfer through trophic networks. This manuscript is divided in 3 main sections : (i) providing an initial budget of the particulate (POCtotal) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Mediterranean sea, (ii) building an ecophysiological model of P. noctiluca to estimate its contribution to the biological carbon pump, and (iii) assessing the trophic level of P. noctiluca and its potential impact on lower trophic levels
Fjellström, Helena. "Inhibition of light-induced colour reversion of wood-containing papers by means of coating." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-95.
Full textToullec, Jordan. "Etude des interactions diatomées-copépodes sur l'export de carbone, dans un contexte de changement climatique : apports expérimentaux et étude in situ Copepod grazing influences diatom aggregation and particle dynamics, in Frontiers in Marine Science 6, March 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0017.
Full textThe biological carbon pump transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean as particulate organic matter. By forming aggregates, diatoms contribute strongly to the particle flux.Copepods, in terms of abundance and diversity, dominate zooplankton assemblages, are the main consumers of diatoms and play and key role in the carbon export via faecal pellets egestion. Nutrient limitations mainly occur at the end of phytoplankton blooms, but are also an expected consequence of global warming. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the role of copepod/diatom interactions on carbon export in a context of climate change.The results obtained show that nutrient limitations affecting diatoms biochemical composition, that influences copepods feeding activity and the export efficiency of faecal pellets. I have also shown that the functional traits of copepods can influence both the aggregates formation and their dynamics. Finally, using data from an oceanographic campaign carried out during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom, I observed that silicon limitation after sea ice retreat contributes to the aggregates formation. Copepods, at the end of the bloom migrate under the mixing layer where the aggregates are most abundant, which may suggest that the aggregates could be used as a food
Demasy, Clément. "Solubility and bioavailability of Patagonian dust in the future Southern Ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7095.
Full textThroughout geological time, the Southern Ocean has played a major role in regulating the Earth's surface climate and in particular in the reduction of atmospheric CO2. This oceanic region is the most important biological pump of carbon and through the photosynthesis of phytoplankton allows the sequestration of carbon in the deep ocean. This decrease would have been caused by dust deposits which, by bringing elements such as iron in areas limited in micronutrients, fertilize the ocean surface and allow the activation of the biological carbon pump. Nowadays, the entering into the Anthropocene era has been marked by the impact that human activity has exerted on its environment. Anthropogenic activity that generates the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect on the surface of the Earth and upsets the environmental balance. This study investigates the Southern Ocean which is biogeochemical paradox zone with high concentration of macronutrients but low biological productivity. In 1990 John Martin elaborated the "Iron hypothesis" hence iron (micronutrients) restricts phytoplankton growth. Dust is major source of metals in the surface ocean. In the Southern Ocean, dust have mainly a South America (Patagonian dust) origin. Input from South America contributed to 58% of the total dust into the Southern Ocean and will increase by two fold higher with the future environmental changes. During the last glacial maximal in the Southern Ocean, dust input would have decreased the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Moreover, in the small timescale there are tests of artificial iron fertilization performed in Southern Ocean have demonstrated high biological productivity. The overall aim of this work is to better characterize and quantify the fraction of metals that solubilizes from Patagonian dust in seawater under actual and future conditions (2100) and to improve predictions of the phytoplankton evolution in response to intensification of Patagonian dust input and other multi-stressor changes in the Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the impacts on carbon production
Yin, Xunqian. "Modification of electrostrictive polymers and their electromechanical applications." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0041/document.
Full textElectroactive polymers (EAPs), which can realize the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy, have been emerging as one of the most interesting smart materials in the past two decades due to their low density, excellent mechanical properties, ease of processing, low price and potential applications in the fields of sensors, actuators, generators, biomimetic robots and so on. The object of this work is to modify electrostrictive terpolymers with different approaches to improve the electromechanical performances and to develop some applications based on modified terpolymers. Firstly, an organic/inorganic (terpolymer/carbon black) nanocomposite was prepared to improve the dielectric permittivity based on the percolation theory. Secondly, based on the heterogeneous nature of semi-crystalline terpolymer and the important role that interface polarization plays for dielectric and electromechanical response, small molecular plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) phalate (DEHP) was introduced into electrostrictive terpolymer to form an all-organic polymer composite with improved electromechanical performances. Finally, two applications including mechanical energy harvesting and microfluidic pump based on DEHP modified terpolymers were investigated
Burté, Luc. "Etude des risques de colmatage et optimisation des procédés de traitement des doublets géothermiques superficiels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B019/document.
Full textThe sustainability of geothermal systems using shallow aquifers for heating, cooling and hot water production depends on the possibility to ensure, over long time-scales, the production and the reinjection of groundwater in the aquifer. Clogging of the geothermal loop is a major issue affecting the technical and economic viabilities of numerous operations in France. The understanding and prediction of this phenomenon requires new methods of characterization and modelling of biogeochemical processes coupled to the operation of geothermal loops in heterogeneous subsurface environments. This thesis is thus the result of a new collaboration between the Géosciences Rennes lab and Antea group to identify the mechanisms at the origin of clogging phenomena and characterize their controlling parameters, in order to establish a risk assessment tool allowing the anticipation of clogging processes. The first part of the thesis describes the main clogging processes (biogeochemical, chemical, biological and physical). This synthesis is the result of (1) the study of the literature dealing with the clogging of water wells and (2) our feedbacks on the geothermal doublets identified and studied during this thesis. The second part presents the regional inventories of shallow geothermal systems impacted by clogging problems identified in different hydrogeological contexts in France. These inventories provide a large-scale perspective of clogging phenomena and allow to study the contexts associated with each type of clogging processes. In the third part, new methodologies for the in-situ characterization of biogeochemical clogging phenomena linked to manganese and iron oxidation are presented through case studies of sites affected by clogging issues. These interdisciplinary studies couple the measurement of hydraulic properties, chemical element concentrations and bacterial diversity, to identify the specific issue impacting the operation and to define its causes. The fourth part presents the results of an interdisciplinary field campaign carried out on a geothermal doublet impacted by a biogeochemical clogging process. This campaign documented the key components involved in mixing induced biogeochemical reactivity: flow distribution, chemical heterogeneity and microbiological diversity. Using PHREEQC, a geochemical model simulating observed kinetics of precipitation was developed in order to quantitatively explore the biogeochemical mechanisms favoring rapid clogging. Feedback from shallow geothermal systems operation has demonstrated the need for a reliable risk analysis methodology that allowed to anticipate the apparition of clogging processes at each stage of the project life (part 5). From the synthesis of the scientific & technical literature and the conclusions of the studies carried out during this thesis, the risk factors for the appearance of clogging phenomena were determined. A clogging risk analysis integrating these factors was implemented through the development of methods developed under Python 3. The methodology of the ARCADE tool (Analyse des Risques de Colmatage et Aide à la Décision) is designed to assess the risk and to inform users of good practices and preventive methods. These good practices for analysis and preventive methods are presented in the last part of this thesis
Ricour, Florian. "Towards a new insight of the carbon transport in the global ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS191.
Full textThe ocean is known to play a key role in the carbon cycle. Without it, atmospheric CO2 levels would be much higher than what they are today thanks to the presence of carbon pumps that maintain a gradient of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) between the surface and the deep ocean. The biological carbon pump (BCP) is primarily responsible for this gradient. It consists in a series of ocean processes through which inorganic carbon is fixed as organic matter by photosynthesis in sunlit surface waters and then transported to the ocean interior and possibly the sediment where it will be sequestered from the atmosphere for millions of years. The BCP was long thought as solely the gravitational settling of particulate organic carbon (POC). However, a new paradigm for the BCP has recently been defined in which physically and biologically mediated particle injection pumps have been added to the original definition. Physically mediated particle injection pumps provide a pathway to better understand the transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) whereas biologically mediated particle injection pumps focus on the transport of POC by vertically migrating animals, either daily or seasonally. Therefore, a better understanding of these processes could help bridge the gap between carbon leaving the surface and carbon demand in the ocean interior. To address this new paradigm, this work will benefit from the advent of recent sensors that equip a new generation of Biogeochemical-Argo floats (BGC-Argo). The first part focuses on the development of an embedded zooplankton classification model for the Underwater Vision Profiler 6 (UVP6) under strict technical and energy constraints. The second part studies particle and carbon fluxes in the Labrador Sea using BGC-Argo floats equipped for the first time with the UVP6 and an optical sediment trap (OST), providing two independent measurements of sinking particles. The last part consists in revisiting the BCP using a new framework called CONVERSE for Continuous Vertical Sequestration. With this new approach, we re-evaluate the total carbon sequestered from the atmosphere (> 100 years) by the BCP and its transport pathways on the entire water column, in contrast to the carbon sequestration typically assumed below a fixed reference depth
Jansen, Heiko [Verfasser]. "Modelling the marine carbonate pump and its implications on the atmospheric CO2 concentration / vorgelegt von Heiko Jansen." 2001. http://d-nb.info/96347538X/34.
Full textModgi, Sivamurthy B. "Retention of calcium carbonate in mechanical pulp suspensions." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11806.
Full textKurniawan, Pogy. "A study of in-situ brightening of mechanical pulp via the electro-oxidation of sodium carbonate." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8170.
Full textLaBrie, Richard. "Origine, composition et destinée de la matière organique dissoute et ses interactions avec les communautés de procaryotes dans la mer du Labrador." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24482.
Full textOceanic prokaryotes are key players in the carbon cycle by consuming dissolved organic mat-ter (DOM) produced by primary producers. As this organic matter is highly complex with varying degree of bioavailability, prokaryotic communities are highly diverse and different taxa target certain types of organic compounds. By consuming this organic matter, prokary-otes reintroduce this carbon into the food web, a critical energy flow in oligotrophic gyres. However, this consumption is not perfect and they release a lot of carbon as CO2 through respiration, but also as recalcitrant DOM. Thus, they contribute to carbon sequestration in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this thesis is to characterize DOM bioavailability and its influence on the composition and metabolism of prokaryotic communities in the Labrador Sea, described as one of the Earth’s climate system tipping elements. More precisely, we quantify for the first time how the spatial abundance distribution of prokaryotes influences ecosystem metabolism and organic matter association in the surface waters of the Labrador Sea. Lastly, we look at how DOM produced at the surface is transformed and sequestered following the Labrador Sea winter convective mixing. The oceanic carbon budget is still unbalanced. In order to better understand its carbon sources and bioavailability, we characterize DOM bioavailability across the aquatic contin-uum, from lakes to the open ocean. Using a meta-analysis, our results show that the propor-tion of labile organic matter, i.e. readily available for prokaryotes, is similar at around 6% in all aquatic ecosystems. However, the proportion of semi-labile organic matter, i.e requiring transformations to be consumed by prokaryotes, is highly related to terrestrial connectivity. The only ecosystems that did not follow these patterns were in a phytoplankton bloom pe-riod and had a high proportion of labile and semi-labile organic matter as their counterparts at equilibrium. Finally, we estimated that semi-labile organic matter could sustain 62% of prokaryotic biomass in lakes and coastal zones. Second, we evaluated the influence of DOM on prokaryotic metabolism and community composition. In order to determine organic matter composition, prokaryotic community composition and metabolic rates, we did three oceanic cruises in the Labrador Sea onboard the Hudson ship. By using spatial abundance distribution modelling of prokaryotes, we identified strong associations between groups of this novel approach and organic matter composition. We also proposed a framework to bridge the gap between prokaryotic diversity, microbial ecology, and biogeochemistry among methods and across scales. Lastly, we compared how prokaryotic communities from different oceanic strata could se-quester carbon. When they consume organic matter, prokaryotes release a small amount in recalcitrant forms. Through this iterative process, called the microbial carbon pump, prokaryotes contribute to carbon sequestration by creating highly recalcitrant compounds that resist further degradation for hundreds of years. We have shown that all prokaryotes enable the microbial carbon pump, but that prokaryotes from deeper strata are more effi-cient. Our results also conclusively show that the rare prokaryotic taxa are key players in the microbial carbon pump. This thesis contributes to better understand the carbon cycle in the Labrador Sea and in all aquatic ecosystems. We proposed a novel framework to relate biogeochemistry, prokaryotic diversity and microbial ecology which has been a challenge for decades. Moreover, we con-clusively showed for the first time that the iterative process of the microbial carbon pump is related to prokaryotic succession. We also show that it happens in all oceanic strata, but that rare prokaryotes from the deep ocean are more efficient to sequester carbon. Better understanding how DOM composition influences prokaryotes is of prime importance as they are the main drivers of the oceanic carbon cycle.