Academic literature on the topic 'Carbonaceous nanostructures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carbonaceous nanostructures"
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Mansoori Mosleh, Fazel, Yadollah Mortazavi, Negahdar Hosseinpour, and Abbas Ali Khodadadi. "Asphaltene Adsorption onto Carbonaceous Nanostructures." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03466.
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YU, M. S., S. Y. CHENG, Y. C. LIN, and W. C. HO. "ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE OF HYDROGEN IN CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (August 2003): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001334.
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We have synthesized a set of nanostructured carbon samples including a variety of carbon nanotubes and carbonaceous particles, by catalytic thermal decomposition of CH4 on catalyst LaNi 5 powder with different reaction temperatures. Products obtained at reaction temperatures 550~900°C were characterized by means of HR-TEM, SEM and Raman Scattering. In addition, electrochemical charge–discharge cycling method was carried out at room temperature to measure the reversible hydrogen capacity in pressed electrodes containing mixture of catalyst, nanostructured carbon samples and carbonaceous particles. Results showed that the abundance ratio of well-crystallized graphite to amorphous carbon in each product increases with increasing reaction temperatures. This preliminary study showed also that the hydrogen storage capacity of synthesis products measured in an electrochemical half-cell at room temperature correlates with the nanostructure and morphology of the variety of nanostructured carbon samples. Additionally, the hydrogen adsorption capacity against specific surface area (BET) for synthesis products produced at temperatures higher than 670°C is ranging from 14 to 25 wt.%/(1000 m2/g).
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Mandal, Santi M., Tridib K. Sinha, Ajit K. Katiyar, Subhayan Das, Mahitosh Mandal, and Sudipto Ghosh. "Existence of Carbon Nanodots in Human Blood." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 6961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16628.
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Presence of carbon nanostructures (dots of 2–3 nm of diameter) in human blood plasma have been identified for the first time. The observed particles are N-doped carbon dots having surface active oxygen functional groups. This functionalized carbonaceous nanostructure may have been originated through catabolic processes of consumed foods and beverages. It may take part in different catalytic activities of biomolecules in cellular system necessary for normal physiological function which is unexplored yet.
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FANG, HUI-CHEN, YUN-SHUO HSIEH, YOU-MING TSAU, HSIU-FUNG CHENG, and I.-NAN LIN. "SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURE CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS ON TIP USING PLASMA-CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION METHOD." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (August 2003): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001243.
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Phase transformation of carbonaceous species under the action of high intensity plasma was studied by using a specially designed setup in which a Fe-needle was used as an antenna to absorb microwave and to induce local plasma in the vicinity of needle-tip. Using such a setup, carbon nanotubes have been successfully synthesized on the needle using diamond powder as carbon source and organic iron as catalyst. Variety of nano-structure carbonaceous materials were observed besides carbon nanotubes, e.g., diamond recrystallized as starfruit shaped geometry. Moreover, there exist other kinds of unknown nanostructures on the needle substrate. Some are long, thin, smooth, and some are planar. The characteristics of these unique nanostructured materials will be systematically investigated and the possible growth mechanism will be discussed.
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Barra, Ana, Cláudia Nunes, Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, and Paula Ferreira. "Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 6, 2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031848.
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Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed.
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Khanchuk, A. I., V. P. Molchanov, M. A. Medkov, P. S. Gordienko, and V. A. Dostavalov. "Synthesis of carbonaceous nanostructures from natural graphite." Doklady Earth Sciences 452, no. 1 (September 2013): 942–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x13090110.
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Kumar, Rajeev, Harish Kumar Choudhary, A. V. Anupama, Aishwarya V. Menon, Shital P. Pawar, Suryasarathi Bose, and Balaram Sahoo. "Nitrogen doping as a fundamental way to enhance the EMI shielding behavior of cobalt particle-embedded carbonaceous nanostructures." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 14 (2019): 5568–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00639g.
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Ghiurea, Marius, Stefan-Ovidiu Dima, Anca-Andreea Turcanu, Radu-Claudiu Fierascu, Cristian-Andi Nicolae, Bogdan Trica, and Florin Oancea. "Carbonaceous Nanostructures Obtained by Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass." Proceedings 29, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019029056.
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Kumar, Sanjay, Suneel Kumar, Manisha Sengar, and Pratibha Kumari. "Gold-carbonaceous materials based heterostructures for gas sensing applications." RSC Advances 11, no. 23 (2021): 13674–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00361e.
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Necolau, Mădălina-Ioana, and Andreea-Mădălina Pandele. "Recent Advances in Graphene Oxide-Based Anticorrosive Coatings: An Overview." Coatings 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121149.
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The present review outlines the most recent advance in the field of anticorrosive coatings based on graphene oxide nanostructures as active filler. This carbonaceous material was extensively used in the last few years due to its remarkable assets and proved to have a significant contribution to composite materials. Concerning the graphene-based coatings, the synthesis methods, protective function, anticorrosion mechanism, feasible problems, and some methods to improve the overall properties were highlighted. Regarding the contribution of the nanostructure used to improve the capability of the material, several modification strategies for graphene oxide along with the synergistic effect exhibited when functionalized with other compounds were mainly discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbonaceous nanostructures"
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Stankevičienė, Inga. "Synthesis and coatings production of carbonaceous nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121017_111706-30788.
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Films and coatings of carbonaceous nanostructures are employed in nanoelectronics, biotechnology and other fields. The aim of the research was to synthesize multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide and fabricate coatings thereof. Consequently, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their coatings were synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapour deposition method. As-grown carbon nanotubes inevitably contain remains of metal catalyst particles. A method developed in the laboratory using CCl4 was successfully applied to remove the residual catalyst from the batch of synthesized carbon nanotubes. Simultaneously, graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder by Hummer's method. Coatings and films of carbonaceous nanostructures were fabricated from carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide aqueous suspensions. The analysis of carbon nanotubes coatings revealed that their morphology depends on synthesis parameters. The surface properties of these coatings depend on the amount and nature of functional groups attached to carbon nanotube walls. The analysis of graphite oxide films indicated that Congo red dye addition leads to more compact structure of the nanocomposites due the interaction between functional groups of these particles.Unikaliomis savybėmis pasižyminčios anglinės nanostruktūros panaudojamos dangų ir plėvelių gamyboje, kurios pritaikomos nanoelektronikoje, biotechnologijoje ir kitose srityse. Šio darbo tikslas buvo susintetinti daugiasienius anglinius nanovamzdelius ir grafito oksidą, pagaminti ir ištirti jų dangas. Mūsų laboratorijoje daugiasieniai angliniai nanovamzdeliai buvo susintetinti cheminio nusodinimo iš garų fazės metodu. Susintetinto produkto valymui nuo katalizatoriaus priemaišų pirmą kartą buvo panaudoti CCl4 garai. Ištyrus CCl4 garais paveiktą medžiagą buvo pagrįstas šio valymo metodo efektyvumas. Grafito oksidas buvo gautas oksiduojant grafitą Hummers'o metodu. Anglinių nanovamzdelių dangos ant skirtingų pagrindų buvo pagamintos cheminio nusodinimo iš garų fazės metodu bei suformuotos panaudojant medžiagos vandenines suspensijas. Grafito oksido su Kongo raudonojo dažo priedu dangos ir plėvelės buvo pagamintos laboratorijoje sukurtu filtravimo į tirpalą metodu. Anglinių nanovamzdelių ir jų dangų tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad dangų morfologija priklauso nuo sintezės sąlygų, o paviršiaus savybes nulemia prisijungusių funkcinių grupių pobūdis ir kiekis. Ištyrus grafito oksido plėveles ir dangas buvo nustatyta, kad Kongo raudonojo dažo priedas skatina kompaktiškesnių nanokompozitų susidarymą ir stiprina dangų bei plėvelių patvarumą.
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Lau, Desmond, and desmond lau@rmit edu au. "Characterisation of Novel Carbonaceous Materials Synthesised Using Plasmas." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091119.102551.
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Novel carbon materials such as carbon onions, nanotubes and amorphous carbon (a-C) are technologically important due to their useful properties. Normally synthesised using plasmas, their growth mechanisms are not yet fully understood. For example, the growth mechanism of the high density phase of a-C, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), has been a subject of debate ever since its discovery. The growth mechanism of carbon nanostructures such as carbon onions and nanotubes is also not well known. The aim of this thesis is two-fold. Firstly, to provide insight into the growth of carbon films, in particular, the driving force behind the formation of diamond-like bonding in a-C which leads to ta-C. Secondly, to investigate the growth of carbon onions and other sp2 bonded carbon nanostructures such as nanotubes. To achieve the first aim, carbon thin films were deposited using cathodic arc deposition at a range of ion energies, substrate temperatures and Ar background gas pressures. These films were characterised using electron microscopy techniques to examine their microstructure, density and sp3 content. It was found that the formation of the ta-C is due to a stress-induced transition whereby a critical stress of 6.5±1.5 GPa is needed to change the phase of the film from highly sp2 to highly sp3. Within this region, a preferentially oriented phase with graphitic sheets aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface was found. By investigating the role of elevated temperatures, the ion energy-temperature
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Kubo, Shiori. "Nanostructured carbohydrate-derived carbonaceous materials." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5315/.
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Nanoporous carbon materials are widely used in industry as adsorbents or catalyst supports, whilst becoming increasingly critical to the developing fields of energy storage / generation or separation technologies. In this thesis, the combined use of carbohydrate hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and templating strategies is demonstrated as an efficient route to nanostructured carbonaceous materials. HTC is an aqueous-phase, low-temperature (e.g. 130 – 200 °C) carbonisation, which proceeds via dehydration / poly-condensation of carbon precursors (e.g. carbohydrates and their derivatives), allowing facile access to highly functional carbonaceous materials. Whilst possessing utile, modifiable surface functional groups (e.g. -OH and -C=O-containing moieties), materials synthesised via HTC typically present limited accessible surface area or pore volume. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the development of fabrication routes to HTC materials which present enhanced textural properties and well-defined porosity.
In the first discussed synthesis, a combined hard templating / HTC route was investigated using a range of sacrificial inorganic templates (e.g. mesoporous silica beads and macroporous alumina membranes (AAO)). Via pore impregnation of mesoporous silica beads with a biomass-derived carbon source (e.g. 2-furaldehyde) and subsequent HTC at 180 oC, an inorganic / carbonaceous hybrid material was produced. Removal of the template component by acid etching revealed the replication of the silica into mesoporous carbonaceous spheres (particle size ~ 5 μm), representing the inverse morphological structure of the original inorganic body. Surface analysis (e.g. FTIR) indicated a material decorated with hydrophilic (oxygenated) functional groups. Further thermal treatment at increasingly elevated temperatures (e.g. at 350, 550, 750 oC) under inert atmosphere allowed manipulation of functionalities from polar hydrophilic to increasingly non-polar / hydrophobic structural motifs (e.g. extension of the aromatic / pseudo-graphitic nature), thus demonstrating a process capable of simultaneous control of nanostructure and surface / bulk chemistry.
As an extension of this approach, carbonaceous tubular nanostructures with controlled surface functionality were synthesised by the nanocasting of uniform, linear macropores of an AAO template (~ 200 nm). In this example, material porosity could be controlled, showing increasingly microporous tube wall features as post carbonisation temperature increased. Additionally, by taking advantage of modifiable surface groups, the introduction of useful polymeric moieties (i.e. grafting of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)) was also demonstrated, potentially enabling application of these interesting tubular structures in the fields of biotechnology (e.g. enzyme immobilization) and medicine (e.g. as drug micro-containers).
Complimentary to these hard templating routes, a combined HTC / soft templating route for the direct synthesis of ordered porous carbonaceous materials was also developed. After selection of structural directing agents and optimisation of synthesis composition, the F127 triblock copolymer (i.e. ethylene oxide (EO)106 propylene oxide (PO)70 ethylene oxide (EO)106) / D-Fructose system was extensively studied. D-Fructose was found to be a useful carbon precursor as the HTC process could be performed at 130 oC, thus allowing access to stable micellular phase. Thermolytic template removal from the synthesised ordered copolymer / carbon composite yielded functional cuboctahedron single crystalline-like particles (~ 5 μm) with well ordered pore structure of a near perfect cubic Im3m symmetry. N2 sorption analysis revealed a predominantly microporous carbonaceous material (i.e. Type I isotherm, SBET = 257 m2g-1, 79 % microporosity) possessing a pore size of ca. 0.9 nm. The addition of a simple pore swelling additive (e.g. trimethylbenzene (TMB)) to this system was found to direct pore size into the mesopore size domain (i.e. Type IV isotherm, SBET = 116 m2g-1, 60 % mesoporosity) generating pore size of ca. 4 nm. It is proposed that in both cases as HTC proceeds to generate a polyfuran-like network, the organised block copolymer micellular phase is essentially “templated”, either via hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic poly(EO) moiety and the carbohydrate or via hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic poly(PO) moiety and forming polyfuran-like network, whilst the additive TMB presumably interact with poly(PO) moieties, thus swelling the hydrophobic region expanding the micelle template size further into the mesopore range.Nanoporöse kohlenstoffbasierte Materialien sind in der Industrie als Adsorbentien und Katalysatorträger weit verbreitet und gewinnen im aufstrebenden Bereich der Energiespeicherung/erzeugung und für Trennverfahren an wachsender Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass die Kombination aus hydrothermaler Karbonisierung von Zuckern (HTC) mit Templatierungsstrategien einen effizienten Weg zu nanostrukturierten kohlenstoffbasierten Materialien darstellt. HTC ist ein in Wasser und bei niedrigen Temperaturen (130 - 200 °C) durchgeführter Karbonisierungsprozess, bei dem Zucker und deren Derivate einen einfachen Zugang zu hochfunktionalisierten Materialien erlauben. Obwohl diese sauerstoffhaltige Funktionalitäten auf der Oberfläche besitzen, an welche andere chemische Gruppen gebunden werden könnten, was die Verwendung für Trennverfahren und in der verzögerten Wirkstofffreisetzung ermöglichen sollte, ist die mittels HTC hergestellte Kohle für solche Anwendungen nicht porös genug. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, Methoden zu entwickeln, um wohldefinierte Poren in solchen Materialien zu erzeugen. Hierbei führte unter anderem der Einsatz von anorganischen formgebenden mesoporösen Silikapartikeln und makroporösen Aluminiumoxid-Membranen zum Erfolg. Durch Zugabe einer Kohlenstoffquelle (z. B. 2-Furfural), HTC und anschließender Entfernung des Templats konnten poröse kohlenstoffbasierte Partikel und röhrenförmige Nanostrukturen hergestellt werden. Gleichzeitig konnte durch eine zusätzliche Nachbehandlung bei hoher Temperatur (350-750 °C) auch noch die Oberflächenfunktionalität hin zu aromatischen Systemen verschoben werden. Analog zur Formgebung durch anorganische Template konnte mit sog. Soft-Templaten, z. B. PEO-PPO-PEO Blockcopolymeren, eine funktionelle poröse Struktur induziert werden. Hierbei machte man sich die Ausbildung geordneter Mizellen mit der Kohlenstoffquelle D-Fructose zu Nutze. Das erhaltene Material wies hochgeordnete Mikroporen mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 0,9 nm auf. Dieser konnte desweiteren durch Zugabe von Quell-Additiven (z. B. Trimethylbenzol) auf 4 nm in den mesoporösen Bereich vergrößert werden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass beide untersuchten Synthesewege nanostrukturierte kohlenstoffbasierte Materialien mit vielfältiger Oberflächenchemie liefern, und das mittels einer bei relativ niedriger Temperatur in Wasser ablaufenden Reaktion und einer billigen, nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffquelle. Die so hergestellten Produkte eröffnen vielseitige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, z. B. zur Molekültrennung in der Flüssigchromatographie, in der Energiespeicherung als Anodenmaterial in Li-Ionen Akkus oder Superkondensatoren, oder als Trägermaterial für die gezielte Pharmakotherapie.
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Qiu, Jingxia. "Carbonaceous and Hydrogenated Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage Devices." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367984.
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Materials engineering and nano-manipulation play a key role in the development of advanced Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of energy and power density (both gravimetric and volumetric), stability, rate capability, safety and the cost of production. In this thesis, two strategies are used to address the demands, i.e., the use of low cost and environmentally benign carbonaceous nanostructured materials (CNMs) and the use of hydrogenation technology.
In the first strategy, CNMs including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are incorporated with anode materials (such as metal oxide and carbon) to synthesize corresponding CNM composites that possess improved electrochemical performance because it can not only provide highly conductive matrix but also prevent the aggregation of the nanostructured electrode materials and the CNMs.
TiO2-reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-RGO) was prepared for LIBs using photocatalysis method. TiO2 nanoparticles can be anchored on the GO sheets via the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Using the TiO2 photocatalyst, the GO was photocatalytically reduced under UV illumination, leading to the production of TiO2-RGO nanocomposite. The resultant LIBs of the TiO2-RGO nanocomposite possess more stable cyclic performances, larger reversible capacities, and better rate capability, compared with those of the pure TiO2 and TiO2-GO samples.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Kubo, Shiori [Verfasser], and Markus Antonietti [Akademischer Betreuer]. "Nanostructured carbohydrate-derived carbonaceous materials / Shiori Kubo. Betreuer: Markus Antonietti." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014619130/34.
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Islam, Rakibul. "Electrical and thermal transport properties of polymer/carbonaceous nanostructured composites." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10131/document.
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Les polymères conducteurs composites présentent des propriétés thermoélectriques qui en font une solution prometteuse, peu coûteuse, propre et efficace pour la récupération de pertes de chaleur. L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude des propriétés de composites nanostructurés à base de polyaniline (PANI) en fonction de la concentration en nanoobjets: nanotubes de carbone (1-D) et oxyde de graphène réduit (RGO) (2-D). Leur structure et morphologie ont été étudiées par MEB, MET, diffraction des rayons X et diffusion Raman. Les conductivités électrique et thermique, le coefficient Seebeck, la figure de mérite thermoélectrique ZT, ont été mesurés. La conductivité électrique montre une augmentation importante avec la concentration en charges alors que la conductivité thermique ne croît que légèrement, ceci améliore ZT de plusieurs ordres de grandeur. L’effet de la dimensionnalité des charges a été mis en évidence. Mais quelle que soit cette dimension, la conductivité électrique contrairement à la conductivité thermique, suit un comportement de percolation à travers un processus de conduction à 2-D. Ce comportement a été également observé pour la capacité thermique volumique des nanohybrides PANI/RGO ce qui en fait des candidats potentiels dans le domaine des matériaux à haute capacité thermique. Leur facteur de stockage de chaleur est traité avec un nouveau modèle analytique. Les échantillons de PANI/RGO ont été étudiés par spectroscopie diélectrique à différentes températures. Les résultats font apparaître un phénomène intéressant de piégeage de charges à l’interface PANI/RGO qui pourrait trouver des applications dans les supercondensateurs et les mémoires électroniquesConducting polymer nanocomposites exhibit for instance interesting thermoelectric properties which make them a promising, inexpensive, clean and efficient solution for heat waste harvesting. This thesis reports on properties of polyaniline (PANI) nanostructured composites as a function of various carbonaceous nano-fillers content such as carbon nanotubes (1-D), and 2-D reduced graphene oxide (RGO). SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to investigate their structure and morphology. Electrical and thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) have been systematically performed. An important increase of electrical conductivity has been observed with increasing filler fraction whereas thermal conductivity only slightly increases, which enhances ZT of several orders of magnitude. Fillers dimension effect is evidenced, but, whatever this dimension, it is shown that, in contrast with thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity follows a percolation behavior through 2D conduction process. This behavior is also observed in the case of the volumetric heat capacity of PANI/RGO nanohybrids which make them potential candidates as high heat capacitive materials. For the first time their heat storage factor is assessed with a new analytical model proposed in this study. The PANI/RGO samples have also been investigated by Dielectric Spectroscopy at different temperatures. Results evidence an interesting charge trapping phenomenon occurring at the PANI/RGO interface which might find promising applications in supercapacitors or gate memory devices
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Yeh, Chia-Sung, and 葉佳崧. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbonaceous h-MoO3 Hybrid Nanostructures." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nc3nj8.
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碩士國立中山大學
材料與光電科學學系研究所
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In this study, metastable hexagonal molybdenum trioxide (h-MoO3) nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using ammonium molybdate as a precursor in 90℃ ambience. Furthermore, we tried to prepare carbon dots with sucrose and decorate carbon dots on metastable hexagonal molybdenum trioxide by sonication. In order to investigate h-MoO3 and C-dots@h-MoO3 nanorods'' properties, we characterized them by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry analyzer. After that, we performed the methylene blue degradation and hydrogen peroxide sensor experiments to analyze the photocatalytic and electricity properties.
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Kumar, Rajeev. "Synthesis and development of multifunctional carbonaceous nanostructures for magnetic, optical and catalytic applications." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4951.
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Owing to the ease of functionalization, low synthesis-cost and polymorphism,
carbonaceous nanostructures such as carbon globules, nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets
emerged technologically as one of the most important class of multifunctional materials. In this
thesis a wide variety of carbon based nanostructures were synthesized by the simple pyrolysis
method, characterized and their applicabilities are demonstrated. Among the synthesized
materials, metallic particles embedded amorphous carbon globules, CNTs of different
morphologies such as spiralling tendrils, cup and box type bamboos, hollow and filled onions
etc. are the exotic ones. We also demonstrated a way to synthesize nanoscale particles of various
metallic alloys, which can be useful for any structural design in powder metallurgy. These
carbon coated metallic particles, which protect themselves against any environmental corrosion,
are otherwise, difficult to synthesize by any other conventional method. The structure,
morphology, size distribution of the dispersed metallic particles in carbon nanostructures were
investigated and correlated with their optical, magnetic, electronic and chemical properties.
We have demonstrated multifunctionality of our synthesized carbonaceous materials. Our
investigation highlights the non-linear absorption of laser beams in metallic nanoparticles
embedded carbon materials, making them potential candidates for optical limiters. Furthermore,
the dispersion of nano-sized metallic particles inside amorphous carbon matrix proves to be
microwave absorption enhancers, enabling their use as electromagnetic interference (EMI)
shields. In addition, the catalytic activity of most of our samples is excellent, but can be further
improved by controlling the amount of defects via nitrogen doping. The catalytic performance
for reduction of 4-nitrophenol by some selective samples exceeds many of the catalysts reported
earlier. The performance of some of our samples in electronic devices such as in infrared photodetectors
is exceptional. The use of the samples for magnetorheological applications for energy storage
and many other applications cannot be undermined. Hence, our work demonstrates that
our synthesized samples are versatile and truly multifunctional
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Das, Mahua. "Thin Films Of A Carbonaceous Copper Oxide, Li Doped Cobalt Oxide And Li At Nanometric Dimension : Synthesis Through CVD, Solgel And Electromagnetic Irradiation And Characterisation." Thesis, 2007. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/619.
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Thin film nanostructures may be defined as assemblies, arrays, or randomly distributed nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes, which together form a layer of materials supported on a substrate surface. Because such nanostructures are supported on a substrate surface, their potential applications cover a wide area in optical, magnetic, electrochemical, electromagnetic, and optoelectronic devices.
The focus of the present thesis is the development of methodologies to grow certain thin film nanostructures of some transition metal oxides (TMOs), including copper oxides and LixCoO2, through CVD, sol-gel, and electromagnetic radiation-mediated approaches. The work towards this objective can be divided into three parts: first, the design, synthesis, and systematic identification of novel metalorganic precursors of copper (monometallic) and Li and Co (bimetallic); second, the growth of nanostructured oxides thin films using these precursors; and third, the application of electromagnetic radiation to control or tailor the growth of as grown nanostructures. The underlying growth mechanisms substantiated by appropriate evidence have been put forward, wherever found relevant and intriguing. It may be added that the principal objective of the work reported here has been to explore the several ideas noted above and examine possibilities, rather than to study any specific one of them in significant detail. It is hoped earnestly that this has been accomplished to a reasonable extent.
Chapter 1 reviews briefly the reports available in the literature on three specific methods of growing thin films nanostructures, namely chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel processing and light-induced approach. The objective of this chapter has been to provide the background of the work done in the thesis, and is substantiated with a number of illustrative examples. Some of the fundamental concepts involved, viz., plasmons and excitons, have been defined with illustration wherever found relevant in the context of the work.
Chapter 2 describes the various techniques used for synthesis and characterisation of the metalorganic complexes as well as of the thin films. This chapters covers mostly experimental details, with brief descriptions of the working principles of the analytical procedures adopted, namely, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis for characterisation of the metalorganic complexes. This is followed by a similarly brief account of techniques employed to characterize the thin films prepared in this work, viz., glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), glancing incidence infra-red spectroscopy (GIIR) and, UV-visible spectroscopy. The metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) systems built in house and used for growth of films are described in detail. The topics in the different sections of the chapter are accompanied by pertinent diagrams.
Chapter 3 deals with the design, synthesis and characterisation of novel polynuclear complexes of copper and cobalt. Keeping in mind the various advantages such as low toxicity, ease of synthesis, non-pyrophoricity, and low temperature volatility, of environmentally benign complexes based on biologically compatible such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, the objective has been to synthesize complexes containing triethanolamine and diethanolamine of transition metals such as cobalt and copper, and to investigate their applicability in MOCVD processes as a novel class of precursors. With the notion of ‘better’ and efficient design of precursors, an attempt has been made, through a semi-empirical modeling, to understand the correlation between volatility and various intrinsic molecular parameters such as lattice energy, vibrational-rotational energy, and internal symmetry.
Chapter 4 discusses the growth of nanoporous Cu4O3-C composite films through the MOCVD process employing Cu4(deaH)(dea)(oAc)5.(CH3)2CO as the precursor. The various characteristic aspects of as-grown films, such as their crystallinity, morphology, and composition have been covered elaborately in various sections of this chapter. The chapter describes the efficient guiding and confining of light exploiting the photonic band gap of these nanoporous films, which indicates the potential usefulness of these and similar films as optical waveguides. A model described in the literature on absorbing photonic crystals, wherein a periodically modulated absorption entails an inevitable spatial modulation of dispersion, i.e., of the index contrast to open a photonic band gap, has been used to calculate the indices of refraction of one of these nanoporous films. The chapter also reports briefly the preliminary electrochemical investigations carried out on a typical film, examining the notion of its application as the anode in a Li-ion rechargeable battery.
Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of nanocrystalline LixCoO2 films by the sol-gel method. Reports available in literature indicate that the various phases of LixCoO2 are extremely sensitive to processing temperature, making it difficult to control dimensionality of a given phase using temperature as one of process parameters. We have investigated the possibility of using incoherent light to tailor the particle size/shape of this material. The as-grown and irradiated films were characterised by X-ray diffraction, and by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.Optical spectroscopy was carried out in order to gain insight into the physico-chemical mechanism involved in such structural and morphological transformation.
Chapter 6 deals with the synthesis of self-assembled nanostructures from the pre-synthesized nanocrystals building blocks, through optical means of exciton formation and dissociation. It has been demonstrated that, upon prolonged exposure to (incoherent) ultraviolet-visible radiation, LixCoO2 nanocrystals self-assemble into acicular architectures, through intermediate excitation of excitons. Furthermore, it has been shown that such self-assembly occurs in nanocrystals, which are initially anchored to the substrate surface such as that of fused quartz. This new type of process for the self-assembly of nanocrystals, which is driven by light has been investigated by available microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.
Chapter 7 describes the stabilisation of chemically reactive metallic lithium in a carbonaceous nanostructure, viz., a carbon nanotube, achieved through the MOCVD process involving a lithium-alkyl moiety. This moiety is formed in situ during deposition through partial decomposition of a metalorganic precursor synthesized in house, which contains both lithium and cobalt. It is surmised that the stabilization of metallic Li in the nanostructure in situ occurs through the partial decomposition of the metalorganic precursor. Quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy carried out on such a film reveals that as much as 33.4% metallic lithium is trapped in carbon.
Lastly, Chapter 8 briefly highlights the outlook for further investigations suggested by the work undertaken for this thesis. Novel precursors derived from biologically compatible ligands can open up possibility of growing new type of micro/nano-structures, and of unusual phases in the CVD grown films. Furthermore, it is proposed that the novel method of growth and alignment of nanocrystals through irradiation with incoherent light, employed for the specific material LixCoO2, may be employed for various other metallic and semiconducting materials.
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Das, Mahua. "Thin Films Of A Carbonaceous Copper Oxide, Li Doped Cobalt Oxide And Li At Nanometric Dimension : Synthesis Through CVD, Solgel And Electromagnetic Irradiation And Characterisation." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/619.
Full textAbstract:
Thin film nanostructures may be defined as assemblies, arrays, or randomly distributed nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes, which together form a layer of materials supported on a substrate surface. Because such nanostructures are supported on a substrate surface, their potential applications cover a wide area in optical, magnetic, electrochemical, electromagnetic, and optoelectronic devices.
The focus of the present thesis is the development of methodologies to grow certain thin film nanostructures of some transition metal oxides (TMOs), including copper oxides and LixCoO2, through CVD, sol-gel, and electromagnetic radiation-mediated approaches. The work towards this objective can be divided into three parts: first, the design, synthesis, and systematic identification of novel metalorganic precursors of copper (monometallic) and Li and Co (bimetallic); second, the growth of nanostructured oxides thin films using these precursors; and third, the application of electromagnetic radiation to control or tailor the growth of as grown nanostructures. The underlying growth mechanisms substantiated by appropriate evidence have been put forward, wherever found relevant and intriguing. It may be added that the principal objective of the work reported here has been to explore the several ideas noted above and examine possibilities, rather than to study any specific one of them in significant detail. It is hoped earnestly that this has been accomplished to a reasonable extent.
Chapter 1 reviews briefly the reports available in the literature on three specific methods of growing thin films nanostructures, namely chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel processing and light-induced approach. The objective of this chapter has been to provide the background of the work done in the thesis, and is substantiated with a number of illustrative examples. Some of the fundamental concepts involved, viz., plasmons and excitons, have been defined with illustration wherever found relevant in the context of the work.
Chapter 2 describes the various techniques used for synthesis and characterisation of the metalorganic complexes as well as of the thin films. This chapters covers mostly experimental details, with brief descriptions of the working principles of the analytical procedures adopted, namely, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis for characterisation of the metalorganic complexes. This is followed by a similarly brief account of techniques employed to characterize the thin films prepared in this work, viz., glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), glancing incidence infra-red spectroscopy (GIIR) and, UV-visible spectroscopy. The metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) systems built in house and used for growth of films are described in detail. The topics in the different sections of the chapter are accompanied by pertinent diagrams.
Chapter 3 deals with the design, synthesis and characterisation of novel polynuclear complexes of copper and cobalt. Keeping in mind the various advantages such as low toxicity, ease of synthesis, non-pyrophoricity, and low temperature volatility, of environmentally benign complexes based on biologically compatible such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, the objective has been to synthesize complexes containing triethanolamine and diethanolamine of transition metals such as cobalt and copper, and to investigate their applicability in MOCVD processes as a novel class of precursors. With the notion of ‘better’ and efficient design of precursors, an attempt has been made, through a semi-empirical modeling, to understand the correlation between volatility and various intrinsic molecular parameters such as lattice energy, vibrational-rotational energy, and internal symmetry.
Chapter 4 discusses the growth of nanoporous Cu4O3-C composite films through the MOCVD process employing Cu4(deaH)(dea)(oAc)5.(CH3)2CO as the precursor. The various characteristic aspects of as-grown films, such as their crystallinity, morphology, and composition have been covered elaborately in various sections of this chapter. The chapter describes the efficient guiding and confining of light exploiting the photonic band gap of these nanoporous films, which indicates the potential usefulness of these and similar films as optical waveguides. A model described in the literature on absorbing photonic crystals, wherein a periodically modulated absorption entails an inevitable spatial modulation of dispersion, i.e., of the index contrast to open a photonic band gap, has been used to calculate the indices of refraction of one of these nanoporous films. The chapter also reports briefly the preliminary electrochemical investigations carried out on a typical film, examining the notion of its application as the anode in a Li-ion rechargeable battery.
Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of nanocrystalline LixCoO2 films by the sol-gel method. Reports available in literature indicate that the various phases of LixCoO2 are extremely sensitive to processing temperature, making it difficult to control dimensionality of a given phase using temperature as one of process parameters. We have investigated the possibility of using incoherent light to tailor the particle size/shape of this material. The as-grown and irradiated films were characterised by X-ray diffraction, and by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.Optical spectroscopy was carried out in order to gain insight into the physico-chemical mechanism involved in such structural and morphological transformation.
Chapter 6 deals with the synthesis of self-assembled nanostructures from the pre-synthesized nanocrystals building blocks, through optical means of exciton formation and dissociation. It has been demonstrated that, upon prolonged exposure to (incoherent) ultraviolet-visible radiation, LixCoO2 nanocrystals self-assemble into acicular architectures, through intermediate excitation of excitons. Furthermore, it has been shown that such self-assembly occurs in nanocrystals, which are initially anchored to the substrate surface such as that of fused quartz. This new type of process for the self-assembly of nanocrystals, which is driven by light has been investigated by available microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.
Chapter 7 describes the stabilisation of chemically reactive metallic lithium in a carbonaceous nanostructure, viz., a carbon nanotube, achieved through the MOCVD process involving a lithium-alkyl moiety. This moiety is formed in situ during deposition through partial decomposition of a metalorganic precursor synthesized in house, which contains both lithium and cobalt. It is surmised that the stabilization of metallic Li in the nanostructure in situ occurs through the partial decomposition of the metalorganic precursor. Quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy carried out on such a film reveals that as much as 33.4% metallic lithium is trapped in carbon.
Lastly, Chapter 8 briefly highlights the outlook for further investigations suggested by the work undertaken for this thesis. Novel precursors derived from biologically compatible ligands can open up possibility of growing new type of micro/nano-structures, and of unusual phases in the CVD grown films. Furthermore, it is proposed that the novel method of growth and alignment of nanocrystals through irradiation with incoherent light, employed for the specific material LixCoO2, may be employed for various other metallic and semiconducting materials.
Book chapters on the topic "Carbonaceous nanostructures"
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Nandhakumar, E., E. Vivek, E. Vaishnavi, M. Prem Kumar, Perumal Devaraji, P. Selvakumar, and N. Senthilkumar. "Carbonaceous Nanostructures-Based Photocatalysts for Sustainable H2 Production." In Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 257–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7188-4_10.
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Sasirekha, Natarajan, and Yu-Wen Chen. "Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation." In Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Applications, 321–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72076-6_13.
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Pethaiah, Sethu Sundar, J. Anandha Raj, and Mani Ulaganathan. "Carbonaceous Nanostructured Composites for Electrochemical Power Sources." In Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 331–51. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | Series: Advances in nanostructured composites ; volume 2 | “A science publishers book.»: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429021718-16.
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"Hollow Nanostructures for Application in Solar Cells." In Materials for Solar Cell Technologies I, 129–47. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901090-5.
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Hollow nanostructures are nanoscale materials with interior cavities, high volumetric load capacity ratio and high porosity. This new generation structure has gained huge momentum in the field of energy storage and photovoltaics due to such promising physical and chemical features. This chapter highlights contributions of various works where hollow nanostructures of metals and carbonaceous materials had been used in solar cell over the last few years. The harnessing of efficiency with structural modifications in the hollow structures over the years was shown in various works. The effect of structure engineering on the performance of solar cell has been explained in detail where voids in metallic hollow nanostructure enhance light scattering and high charge recombination. Simultaneously, carbonaceous hollow nanostructured materials are considered to be the latest photoelectrode materials and designated to be alternatives for metallic hollow nanostructures counterpart due to their high feedstock availability and fabrication charges.
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Zeynalov, Eldar, Tofik Nagiyev, Jörg Friedrich, and Matanat Magerramova. "Carbonaceous nanostructures in hydrocarbons and polymeric aerobic oxidation mediums." In Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes, 631–81. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813691-1.00016-6.
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Nechaev, Yury. "Physical and Chemical Interactions of Hydrogen with Carbonaceous Nanostructures." In Carbon Nanomaterials for Gas Adsorption, 39–130. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13722-3.
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Parangi, Tarun, and Manish Kumar Mishra. "Titanium Dioxide as Energy Storage Material: A Review on Recent Advancement." In Titanium Dioxide [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99254.
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With the increased attention on sustainable energy, a novel interest has been generated towards construction of energy storage materials and energy conversion devices at minimum environmental impact. Apart from the various potential applications of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a variety of TiO2 nanostructure (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoneedles, nanowires, and nanotubes) are being studied as a promising materials in durable active battery materials. The specific features such as high safety, low cost, thermal and chemical stability, and moderate capacity of TiO2 nanomaterial made itself as a most interesting candidate for fulfilling the current demand and understanding the related challenges towards the preparation of effective energy storage system. Many more synthetic approaches have been adapted to design different nanostructures for improving the electronic conductivity of TiO2 by combining with other materials such as carbonaceous materials, conducting polymers, metal oxides etc. The combination can be done through incorporating and doping methods to synthesize TiO2-based anodic materials having more open channels and active sites for lithium and/or sodium ion transportation. The present chapter contained a broad literature and discussion on the synthetic approaches for TiO2-based anodic materials for enhancing the lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs) performance. Based on lithium storage mechanism and role of anodic material, we could conclude on future exploitation development of titania and titania based materials as energy storage materials.
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El Halya, Nabil, Karim Elouardi, Abdelwahed Chari, Abdeslam El Bouari, Jones Alami, and Mouad Dahbi. "TiO2 Based Nanomaterials and Their Application as Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries." In Titanium Dioxide - Advances and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99252.
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Titanium dioxide- (TiO2-) based nanomaterials have been widely adopted as active materials for photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells, and for energy storage and conversion devices, especially rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their excellent structural and cycling stability, high discharge voltage plateau (more than 1.7 V versus Li+/Li), high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, due to their relatively low theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity, their use in practical applications, i.e. anode materials for LIBs, is limited. Several strategies have been developed to improve the conductivity, the capacity, the cycling stability, and the rate capability of TiO2-based materials such as designing different nanostructures (1D, 2D, and 3D), Coating or combining TiO2 with carbonaceous materials, and selective doping with mono and heteroatoms. This chapter is devoted to the development of a simple and cost-efficient strategies for the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). These strategies consist of using the Sol–Gel method, with a sodium alginate biopolymer as a templating agent and studying the influence of calcination temperature and phosphorus doping on the structural, the morphological and the textural properties of TiO2 material. Moreover, the synthetized materials were tested electrochemically as anode material for lithium ion battery. TiO2 electrodes calcined at 300°C and 450°C have delivered a reversible capacity of 266 mAh g−1, 275 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiencies of 70%, 75% during the first cycle under C/10 current rate, respectively. Besides, the phosphorus doped TiO2 electrodes were presented excellent lithium storage properties compared to the non-doped electrodes which can be attributed to the beneficial role of phosphorus doping to inhibit the growth of TiO2 nanoparticles during the synthesis process and provide a high electronic conductivity.
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Hamza, M. "Recent Advances in Enzyme Immobilization in Nanomaterials." In Nanomaterial-Supported Enzymes, 1–66. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901977-1.
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This chapter described the advancements in the development of nanostructured supported material and enzyme immobilization techniques. The functionalized nanomaterials extremely affect the inherent mechanical properties and provide the highest biocompatibility and specific nano-environment surrounding the enzymes for improving enzymes stability, catalytic performance, and reaction’s activities. The enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials considerably enhances the robustness and durability of the enzyme for its frequent applications, which reduces the overall expenses of the bio-catalytic process. There are various types of nanomaterials i.e. metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon), that have been used for the immobilization of the enzyme. So that durability, catalytic activity, leaching of the enzyme, and mechanical steadiness are evaluated for their continual operation.
Conference papers on the topic "Carbonaceous nanostructures"
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Huczko, A. "Template-based plasma synthesis of carbonaceous nanostructures." In The 14th international winterschool on electronic properties of novel materials - molecular nanostructures. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1342506.
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Romano, Vittorio, Carlo Naddeo, Luigi Vertuccio, Khalid Lafdi, and Liberata Guadagno. "Thermal investigation of tetrafunctional epoxy resin filled with different carbonaceous nanostructures." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949727.
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Alekseeva, Ye Yu, E. A. Il'ichev, V. N. Inkin, D. M. Migunov, G. N. Petruhin, E. A. Poltoratskii, G. S. Rychkov, and D. V. Shkodin. "Carbon nanostructures' catalytic growth from carbonaceous substrates in comparison with PECCVD method." In International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics 2009, edited by Kamil A. Valiev and Alexander A. Orlikovsky. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.855453.
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"NANOSTRUCTURED VS. CARBONACEOUS BIOSENSORS - Comparative Studies for Detection of Phenolic Compounds." In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003716701040109.
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Wong, Ching-Ping. "Rational Synthesis of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2833.
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Supercapacitors fill the gap between the batteries and capacitors in the Nyquist plots, and being considered as the candidates for next generation energy storage due to the high-power density, long-term cyclability and moderate energy density. In order to fulfill the requirement for practical applications, it is necessary to further develop the current supercapacitors and enhance the energy density. Hence in this paper, we discuss the work we have done for developing high-performance supercapacitors, including synthesis of large surface area and high conductive carbonaceous materials and highly electroactive pseudocapacitive materials. Our works may pave the way for synthesis of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.