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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carbon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Maluenda, Borderas Irene. "(N-heterocyclic carbene) : metal catalysed carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76274/.

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2

Sirokman, Gergely. "(N-heterocyclic-carbene)Copper(I)-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation using carbon dioxide." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39584.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis presents work towards the development of a new catalytic C-C bond forming reaction. Alkynes and olefins insert into [(IPr)CuH]2 (IPr = N,N-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-imidazol-2-ylidene) to give copper vinyl and copper alkyl complexes. These copper complexes insert CO2 into the Cu-C bond to form copper acrylate and copper carboxylate complexes. Acrylic and carboxylic acids can be isolated by hydrolysis. A catalytic cycle based on (IPr)copper(I) w
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3

Morell, Soler Francisco Joaquín. "Soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon sequestration in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem: effects of conservation tillage and nitrogen fertilization." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101151.

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El balanç entre l´entrada de C (dels residus vegetals) i sortides de C (principalment com CO2 de la descomposició del carboni orgànic del sòl -SOC-), determina el contingut de SOC, que és el depòsit de C més voluminós a la superfície terrestre. Als agroecosistemes semiàrids Mediterránis, l’aigua és el principal factor limitant del creixement del cultiu i de l´entrada de residus al sòl. Les pràctiques agronòmiques alternatives poden millorar el creixement vegetal i augmentar la quantitat de residus (entrada de C) en aquestos sistemes. No obstant això la resposta del contingut de SOC dependrà de
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4

Bhunia, A. "Transition-metal-free carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond - forming reactions using N -heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis and aryne chemistry." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2016. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2074.

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5

Amanatidis, Ilias. "Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanomotors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524723.

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6

Hoskins, Travis Justin Christopher. "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Dr. Christopher Jones; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Pradeep Agrawal; Committee Member: Dr. Sujit Banerjee; Committee Member: Dr. Tom Fuller. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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7

Montalti, Massimo. "Spectroscopical investigation of carbon nanostructures : carbon nanotubes and carbon onions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413968.

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8

Zhang, Min. "Study on selective carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen bonds formation starting from alkynes." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S036.

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The thesis is composed of two parts. Part I presents catalytic C-C, C-N, C-O bond formation: a series of dienylethers, 2,5-disubstituted furans, allylketones, γ-functionalized ketones, multisubstituted quinolines were made starting from terminal alkynes with the initial help of a ruthenium catalyst. Part II presents C-C, C-N, C-O bond formation reactions: a variety of tetrahydropyrimidines, and 1,3-oxazines were synthesized starting from electron-deficient alkynes via multiple component reactions<br>La thèse est composée de deux parties. La partie I présente la formation catalytique de liaison
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9

Cai, Yingxiao. "Cobalt-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation by activation of carbon-halogen or carbon-hydrogen bonds." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX039/document.

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Ce travail de thèse présente le développement de nouvelles réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone. Le premier chapitre décrit la cyanation d’arylzinciques par catalyse au cobalt à partir d’une source non toxique et bénigne, le N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS), et conduit à de bons rendements en benzonitriles correspondants. Dans cette réaction, le cobalt sert de catalyseur non seulement pour la formation des arylzinciques mais aussi pour la formation de liaisons C-CN. Les groupements fonctionnels, cétone et nitrile, sont permis lorsque le complexe de cobalt associ
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10

Lucío, Benito Maria Isabel. "Design of multifunctional systems based on carbon nanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/11130.

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2013/2014<br>La nanotecnologia è chiamata a rivoluzionare molti settori della nostra vita. Tra tutti i campi in cui è convolta, la ricerca delle energie rinnovabili, la possibilità di ottenere acqua pulita in tutte le parti del mondo, il miglioramento della salute e l’aumento dell’aspettativa di vita e lo sviluppo di sistemi informatici, sono gli obiettivi che si distinguono. Le nanostrutture di carbonio sono materiali promettenti che possono aiutare a raggiungere questi obiettivi: includono fullereni, grafene, nanotubi e nanohorns di carbonio. Tutti hanno proprietà interessanti e offrono nuov
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11

Ye, Yuxuan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Development of new transition metal-catalyzed carbon-fluorine, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-carbon bond forming processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118281.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Chapter 1. Palladium-Catalyzed Fluorination of Cyclic Vinyl Triflates: Dramatic Effect of TESCF₃ as an Additive A method for the synthesis of cyclic vinyl fluorides with high levels of regiochemical fidelity has been achieved by Pd-catalysis employing a new biarylphosphine ligand and TESCF₃ as a crucial additive. Five, six, and seven-membered vinyl triflate substrates, as well as a few acyclic substrates u
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12

Marszewska, Jowita E. "Development of microporosity in carbons for carbon dioxide adsorption." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492043634249216.

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13

Bouisseau, Anais. "Rhodium-catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation and carbon-sulfur bond functionalisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49d5fa48-b6dd-41bc-97fc-a1f9766f02b8.

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This thesis documents the development of synthetic methodologies utilising rhodium catalysis for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and the functionalisation of carbon-sulfur bonds. <b>Chapter 1</b> provides an overview of the two main areas of research discussed in this thesis that include the key developments in the field of intra- and intermolecular rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation, and the major advances in cross-coupling reactions via the catalytic cleavage of carbon-sulfur bonds. <b>Chapter 2</b> details the development of a tandem rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation, sulfide elimination
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14

Samalot, Rivera Francis J. "Processing, characterization and modeling of carbon nanofiber modified carbon/carbon composites." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008r/rivera.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.<br>Additional advisors: Krishan K. Chawla, Derrick Dean, Yogesh Vohra, Mark Weaver. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 13, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-186).
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15

Dong, Boliang. "Formation of Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Hetero Bonds through Gold Catalysis." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7396.

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This dissertation mainly contains two parts: one is C-X (C, O, S) bond formation through gold(I) catalysis, one is new applications via gold(I/III) redox catalysis. In first part, gold(I) catalysts would be introduced and their general applications, then the TA-Au species will be emphasized including the design, synthesis, characters and their application in catalysis. The applications are well developed during the past decade in our group, but here only involves three examples regarding C-C, C-O and C-S bond formations. From these effective applications, the unique stability a
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16

Rathod, J. B. "Synthetic explorations into carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond forming reactions." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, 2019. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5187.

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The thesis mainly deals with the explorations of homogeneous palladium and heterogeneous Ruthenium catalyzed Carbon–Nitrogen bond forming reaction of aryl halide with amine and alkyne with sodium azide and benzyl bromide. Heterogeneous palladium, Gold and Brønsted acid catalysed C-C bond forming reaction is investigated by using cross coupling and Michael addition reaction of p-Quinone methide with nucleophile. The work demonstrated in this thesis has been divided into three chapters<br>CSIR HRDG for fellowship<br>AcSIR
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17

Goriya, Y. "Metal catalyzed sequential carbon-carbon and/or carbon-nitrogen bond formation." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1990.

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18

Farrington, Edward. "Ruthenium-catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393397.

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19

Willis, Colin R. "Molybdenum mediated carbon-carbon bond formation." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380889.

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20

Sau, Roca Míriam. "From Click Chemistry to catalytic cleavage of unstrained C-C bonds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396080.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral es basa principalment amb la síntesis de molècules petites potencialment útils per investigacions avançades. S'han utilitzat diferents metodologies per obtenir-les: 1) Cicloaddicions intramoleculars entre un alkí i una azida lliures de coure per l'obtenció de derivats de benzodiazepines. Obtenint-se una gran varietat de triazols fusionats a heterocicles de set membres. Posteriorment, s'han dut a terme proves d'activitat biològica. 2) a) Trencament d'enllaços carboni-carboni no activats d'amino alcohols i utilització d'aquest com a nucleòfil juntament amb bromurs d'ari
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21

Matzinos, Panagiotis D. "Coal-tar pitch as the matrix carbon precursor in carbon-carbon composites." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28083.

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Coal-tar pitch is a promising carbon matrix precursor for carbon-carbon composites. It has a suitable viscosity, high carbon yield, and it forms graphitic structures. In addition, pitch is a relatively cheap raw material. This thesis is a study on the use of coal-tar pitch as carbon matrix precursor in carbon–carbon composites.
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22

Nogi, Keisuke. "Nickel- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions Employing Carbon Dioxide." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215559.

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23

De, Fusco Claudia. "Stereoselective carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation mediated by bifunctional organocatalysts." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1323.

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2011 - 2012<br>This PhD work describes the development of different Michael and Michael type processes employing different bifunctional organocatalysts. All the processes studied involved a non-covalent activation of the substrates provided by the organic promoters. An asymmetric epoxidation of electron-poor trisubstituted olefins has been developed by employing the commercially available diphenyl prolinol which afforded the epoxides in high yield, complete diastereocontrol and good enantioselectivity. Diaryl prolinols were found to promote a Michael addition of -ketoesters to nitroalkenes.
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24

Lin, Youqin. "Deposition of a carbon or polypyrrole nano-layer on carbon nanotubes-alumina hybrids and its impact on their mechanical and physical properties." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0004.

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La croissance de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) sur particules micrometriques d'alumine (Al2O3) permet d'obtenir une dispersion uniforme des NTC dans des matrices sans enchevêtrement de NTC. Ce type de structure hybride NTC-Al2O3 fournit également une solution prometteuse au problème de sécurité de NTC car ils intègrent NTC avec des particules micrométriques, étendant la dimension des NTC à partir de nano-échelle au micro-échelle. Cependant, l'adhérence entre les NTC et les Al2O3 particules ne permet pas de fixer efficacement les NTC. Par ailleurs, une autre préoccupation essentielle de NTC est de
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25

Oliveira, Junior Myriano Henriques de. "Propriedades ópticas, mecânicas e estruturais de filmes de carbono amorfo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277831.

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Orientador: Francisco das Chagas Marques<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:37:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraJunior_MyrianoHenriquesde_D.pdf: 13534676 bytes, checksum: 4da81eaf9a2b22721528c9804801a446 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um sistema de deposição de filmes finos pela técnica de arco catódico filtrado (FCVA- Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc), que possibilita o desenvolvimento de ligas metálicas e, sobretudo, a deposição de filmes de carb
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26

Nepel, Thayane Carpanedo de Morais. "Efeitos da temperatura e da concentração de CO e CO2 sobre a eletrocatálise da oxidação de hidrogênio em eletrodos à base de Pt e Mo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-171421/.

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Um dos grandes desafios a ser vencido para a utilização em larga escala das células a combustível de eletrólito polimérico alimentada com H2 obtido por reforma é a contaminação da superfície do eletrocatalisador de Pt, usualmente utilizado no ânodo,pelos gases CO e CO2 presentes no combustível. Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo dos mecanismos de tolerância de materiais formados por Pt e Mo (Pt/C, Pt3Mo2/C e Pt1Mo1/C) aos contaminadores CO e CO2 e a influência da temperatura nesses processos. Os estudos foram realizados por meio de curvas de polarização com medidas de espectrometria de mass
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27

Gigou, Thomas. "Vers des complexes de carbone(0) à l'aide de la chimie de l'iode hypervalent : Nouveaux ylures d’iodonium nucléophiles stabilisés par une sulfone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0501.

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Les bis-ylures sont des espèces carbonées divalentes dans lesquelles un atome de carbone central porte deux charges négatives, chacune d’elles étant stabilisée par un hétéroatome chargé positivement en α du carbone. Transférer sélectivement l’atome de carbone central en se servant des deux fonctions ylures simultanément représente un grand intérêt pour les chimistes de synthèse. De telles sources atomiques de carbone restent toutefois rares, le carbone de la plupart des bis-ylures développés jusqu’à présent étant trop étroitement liées avec les deux ligands adjacent. Dans ce contexte, cette th
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28

Yu, Zhixin. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-508.

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<p>Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted intense research efforts with the expectation that these materials may have many unique properties and potential applications. The most promising way for large-scale synthesis of CNFs and CNTs is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). </p><p>CNFs were synthesized on a series of hydrotalcite (HT) derived 77 wt.% Ni-Fe/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts in order to achieve the optimization of productivity and quality. It was found that only the Fe catalyst was active in CO disproportionation and only the Ni catalyst was active i
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29

Raymer, Julia. "Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Via o-Lithiointermediates." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/512.

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The process of C-C bond formation via Directed ort/zo-Metalation (DoM) consists of two separate steps. Utilizing fractional equivalents of TMEDA in hydrocarbon solvents at 60°C, o-lithiation of anisole and dimethylaniline can be effected in >95% yields. The first step in the DoM process involves preparation of solid samples of these o-lithiointermediates. Completing the sequence, the second step concerns formation of a new arene-derivative bond at the reactive site. For this thesis the arene-derivative bond formed is to carbon. Various carbon electrophiles have been studied using different sol
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30

Rosner, Hillary. "Tropical rainforests: Carbon sink or carbon source?" Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439430.

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31

Buchanan, Fraser James. "Oxidation and protection of carbon-carbon composites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283685.

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32

Dean, William Michael. "Sulfur(IV)-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34382/.

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This thesis details the development of methods for and application of the synthesis of carbon carbon bonds using organic sulfur(IV) chemistry. More specifically, the formation of C(sp2) C(sp3) and C(sp3) C(sp3) bonds is explored in detail. The necessity for this research stems from a correlation between a high proportion of sp3 centres in drug candidates, and their success in clinical trials. By facilitating the synthesis of drug candidates with higher fractions of sp3 hybridised carbon atoms, it is hoped that the rate of candidates proceeding through clinical trials may increase. The first to
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33

Arabi, Haytham Gadkarim. "FRICTION PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON CLUTCH MATERIALS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1650.

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Friction material properties are important to clutch and brake performance, when applying rubbing force on a rotating friction surfaces heat will be generated and the surface temperature will increase this change in temperature will change the properties of the material, coefficient of friction and wear mechanism will change. The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the friction performance of carbon-carbon clutch discs under different operating condition and the wear rate calculated under different applied pressure and temperature.
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34

Allpress, Caleb J. "Oxidative Aliphatic Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage Reactions." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2003.

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The work presented in this dissertation has focused on synthesizing complexes of relevance to dioxygenase enzymes that oxidatively cleave aliphatic carbon-carbon bonds. The goal of this research was to elucidate mechanistic aspects of the activation of aliphatic carbon-carbon bonds towards cleavage by reaction with oxygen, and also investigate the regioselectivity of these reactions. The oxidative cleavage of a variety of enolizable substrates has been explored by utilizing several transition metal complexes supported by an aryl-appended tris(pyridylmethyl)amine ligand. In order to probe the w
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Fenner, Bruna Rossi. "Desenvolvimento de espumas de poliuretano revestidas com formas alotrópicas de carbono para utilização como sorvente de petróleo e outras substâncias orgânicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3384.

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Billingsley, Kelvin L. "Recent advances in palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon and carbon-boron bond forming processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43777.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Chapter 1. Highly active and efficient catalyst systems derived from palladium precatalysts and monophosphine ligands for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of heteroaryl boronic acids and esters has been developed. This method allows for the preparation of a wide variety of heterobiaryls in good to excellent yields and displays a high level of activity for the coupling of heteroaryl chlorides as well as hindered aryl and heteroaryl halides. Specific fac
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Ascui, Francisco Fernando. "Making carbon count : the role of carbon accounting in carbon management and markets." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16471.

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Society’s efforts to ‘manage’ the problem of human-induced climate change – for example through setting targets, tracking progress, imposing sanctions and incentives, and creating markets in emission rights and offsets – have given rise to numerous calculation, measurement, attribution, monitoring, reporting and verification challenges, which are being addressed by many different communities (including scientists, governments, businesses and accountants) in many different ways. Carbon accounting – this diverse and ever-expanding assemblage of calculative practices – is a rapidly evolving pheno
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38

Shirakura, Masamichi. "Nickel-Catalyzed Additions of Acetylenic Carbon-Element Bonds to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120895.

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39

Zhang, Tengyan. "Preparation and characterization of carbon molecular sieves and activated carbons /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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40

Kierkowicz, Magdalena. "Development of carbon nanocapsules for biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458543.

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La alta superficie y el hueco interior de los nanotubos de carbono (del inglés CNTs) los convierte en candidatos ideales para el desarrollo de nanovectores inteligentes para su aplicación en nanomedicina. Su cavidad interna puede emplearse para alojar compuestos seleccionados para propósitos de diagnóstico o terapéuticos, mientras que las paredes externas pueden modificarse para aumentar su biocompatibilidad e incluso para su direccionamiento. Un reto importante para trasladar los sistemas basados en CNT a su uso clínico es la reducción o eliminación de su toxicidad. Teniendo en cuenta la preo
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41

Sandoval, Rojano Stefania. "Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials with nitrogen, halides and oxides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394000.

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Los materiales compuestos por grafeno y nanotubos de carbono (CNTs) han despertado un amplio interés debido a sus propiedades excepcionales. La variación de éstas, empleando diversas técnicas de modificación aumentan sus aplicaciones potenciales en muchos campos. Ésta tesis describe la funcionalización de nanomateriales de carbono con nitrógeno y diversos haluros y óxidos. La modificación de la estructura de nanotubos de carbono multicapa (MWCNTs) y derivados de grafeno se llevó a cabo mediante reacciones sólido-gas y sólido-líquido. Hemos empleado diferentes métodos de funcionalización, que
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42

Silva, Orlando Paulino da. "O seqüestro de carbono e as substâncias húmicas na área de influência da BR-163 - Cuiabá-Santarém." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-05052009-142442/.

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Compreender os ciclos de nutrientes e a dinâmica da matéria orgânica no ecossistema da Amazônia é essencial para o domínio do manejo eficiente da floresta e do solo. O desaparecimento de florestas tropicais, acompanhada de acelerados processos de perda de solo e de matéria orgânica, pelo desmatamento, queimadas e avanço da fronteira agrícola despertam preocupações. As características das substâncias húmicas remetem aos processos de gênese da matéria orgânica, à capacidade de sustentabilidade para os usos múltiplos em cultivos e aparece como indicador da qualidade do solo. O objetivo deste trab
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43

Rene, Olivier. "Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Via Functionalization of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28864.

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In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the formation of Csp2-Csp 2 bonds by direct arylation. However, this process generally requires the use of forcing conditions at temperatures typically above 100 &deg;C, which limits the substrate compatibility as well as large-scale applications. Inspired by the recent advances in the development of milder reaction conditions for the arylation of electon-rich arenes in an aqueous medium, we describe that such reactivity is also possible with electron-deficient polyfluorinated arenes at room temperature under biphasic conditions. Sever
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44

Altman, Ryan A. (Ryan Alan). "Recent advances in copper- and palladium-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-formation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43779.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Metal-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides have become one of the most valuable and useful classes of reactions developed in the last 30 years. Foremost among these processes are the classes of palladium- and copper-catalyzed reactions, which employ heteroatom-based nucleophiles. Herein, newly designed catalyst systems are presented for the palladium- and/or copper-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides with a vari
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45

O'Connor, Ryan. "Rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution with unstabilised carbon nucleophiles : asymmetric construction of carbon-carbon bonds." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/17253/.

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The controlled formation of carbon-carbon bonds is the bedrock of organic chemistry, with the asymmetric construction of stereogenic carbon-carbon bonds remaining a key motivation for the development of novel synthetic methodologies. Transition metal catalysis provides an important strategy in the arsenal of the modern synthetic chemist. While there is a plethora of transition metal-catalysed cross-couplings for the formation of sp2-sp2 and achiral sp2-sp3 carbon bonds, there are relatively few methodologies for the selective formation of stereogenic sp-sp3, sp2-sp3 and sp3-sp3 carbon-carbon b
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Fifield, Leonard S. "Functional materials based on carbon nanotubes : carbon nanotube actuators and noncovalent carbon nanotube modification /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11560.

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47

Bhojgude, S. S. "Employing arynes in transition - metal - free carbon - carbon and carbon - heteroatom bond - forming reactions." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2016. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2078.

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48

Raya, Moreno Irene. "Effects of applying pine and corn cobs biochar on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean agricultural land." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664011.

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El canvi climàtic, produït per l’increment de la concentració de gasos d’efecte hivernacle a l’atmosfera, amenaça la integritat del nostre planeta. En aquestes circumstàncies el biochar, material obtingut a partir de biomassa pirolitzada, s’ha proposat com a una possible mesura per augmentar el segrest de carboni en sòls. L’aplicació de biochar en sòls pot servir com a magatzem de carboni a llarg termini compensant les emissions de CO2. No obstant, l’eficàcia del biochar depèn del tipus de biochar i sòl utilitzats. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és avaluar els efectes de l’aplicació de b
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Brender, Patrice. "Etude de l'influence de la température sur les réactions tribochimiques des matériaux carbonés : Application au freinage aéronautique de composites Carbone/Carbone." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH5872.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier quantitativement l’évolution des propriétés de surface des matériaux carbonés et leur réactivité dans les conditions proches de celles rencontrées lors du taxiage des avions. Les essais de freinage ont été réalisés à l’aide d’un Banc d’Essai Tribométrique à Simulation Inertielle. Les composites C/C frottés et les débris d’usure sont caractérisés par des techniques non-conventionnelles multi-échelles. Les composites frottés (dans leur totalité) et les débris d’usure sont caractérisés par thermo-désorption programmée et chimisorption d’oxygène. Ces analyses
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Buzzetti, Luca. "Photochemical Strategies for Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668971.

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La capacitat de generar intermedis radicalaris, sota condicions suaus, ha portat a l'emergent camp de la catàlisi fotoredox al desenvolupament de noves transformacions. Tradicionalment, aquesta es basa en l'ús d'un fotocatalitzador, que absorbeix eficientment llum i indueix una transferència simple d'electrons (SET). No obstant això, la reactivitat química de les molècules excitades electrònicament difereix fonamentalment de les que es troben en el seu estat fonamental. Una molècula en estat excitat és alhora una millor donant i acceptora d'electrons que en el seu estat fonamental i es comport
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