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1

Joseph Colannino, P. E. "Carbon taxes." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 3 (March 1994): 110A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00052a705.

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Hoel, Michael. "Carbon taxes." European Economic Review 36, no. 2-3 (April 1992): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(92)90096-f.

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Timilsina, Govinda R. "Carbon Taxes." Journal of Economic Literature 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1456–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211560.

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There is a growing interest in using carbon taxes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, not only in industrialized economies but also in developing economies. Many countries have considered carbon pricing, including carbon taxes, as policy instruments to meet their emission reduction targets set under the Paris Climate Agreement. However, policy makers, particularly from developing countries, are seeking clarity on several issues—particularly the impacts of carbon taxes on the economy, the distribution of these impacts across households, carbon tax design architectures, the effects of carbon taxes on the competitiveness of carbon-intensive industries, and comparison of carbon taxes with other policy instruments for climate change mitigation. This paper aims to offer insights on these issues by synthesizing the literature available since the 1970s, when the concept of carbon tax was first introduced. This paper also identifies the areas where further investigations are needed. (JEL H23, Q35, Q38, Q54, Q58)
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4

McAusland, Carol, and Nouri Najjar. "Carbon Footprint Taxes." Environmental and Resource Economics 61, no. 1 (February 22, 2014): 37–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-013-9749-5.

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5

Elkins, Paul, and Terry Baker. "Carbon Taxes and Carbon Emissions Trading." Journal of Economic Surveys 15, no. 3 (December 16, 2002): 325–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00142.

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6

Elliott, Joshua, Ian Foster, Samuel Kortum, Todd Munson, Fernando Pérez Cervantes, and David Weisbach. "Trade and Carbon Taxes." American Economic Review 100, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.2.465.

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7

Fisher-Vanden, K. A., P. R. Shukla, J. A. Edmonds, S. H. Kim, and H. M. Pitcher. "Carbon taxes and India." Energy Economics 19, no. 3 (July 1997): 289–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-9883(96)01020-1.

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8

Yan, Lingxiao. "Carbon taxes and inflation." Nature Climate Change 13, no. 5 (May 2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01673-w.

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M, Amanda, and Mark F. "Carbon Taxes Boost Jobs." Scientific American 322, no. 3 (March 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0320-84.

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Deng, Jie, Xuwei Luo, and Mengsi Hu. "Implications of a Carbon Tax Mechanism in Remanufacturing Outsourcing on Carbon Neutrality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 5520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095520.

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Many governments have imposed methods such as a carbon tax that aim to even out the negative effects of carbon emissions. The taxes levied on different agents lead to different make–buy decisions for production structures and different environmental outcomes. Some original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource remanufacturing to independent remanufacturers (IRs). Thus, a question arises: What are the implications of carbon taxes levied on different agents on remanufacturing outsourcing decisions? To answer this question, we developed two models: (1) acting as common brand owners, OEMs can be taxed for both new and remanufactured products, or (2) acting as different emitters for production and remanufacturing, OEMs are taxed for new products; however, all carbon taxes related to remanufacturing are levied on IRs. Our analysis reveals that, regarding economic performance, firms should undertake a carbon emission tax on their own initiative because this allows the taxpayer to choose more units for its preferred products and leaves its rivals at a huge disadvantage. Moreover, regarding environmental sustainability, carbon emission taxes indeed lead to mitigating the effects of carbon emissions per unit; however, environmental agencies should also pay attention to reducing the total carbon emissions by limiting the volume effects.
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11

Jorgenson, Dale W., Daniel T. Slesnick, Peter J. Wilcoxen, Paul L. Joskow, and Raymond Kopp. "Carbon Taxes and Economic Welfare." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Microeconomics 1992 (1992): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2534767.

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12

INGHAM, ALAN, JAMES MAW, and ALISTAIR ULPH. "EMPIRICAL MEASURES OF CARBON TAXES." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 7, no. 2 (1991): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/7.2.99.

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13

Dissou, Yazid, and Muhammad Shahid Siddiqui. "Can carbon taxes be progressive?" Energy Economics 42 (March 2014): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.11.010.

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14

Baranzini, Andrea, José Goldemberg, and Stefan Speck. "A future for carbon taxes." Ecological Economics 32, no. 3 (March 2000): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(99)00122-6.

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15

Wirl, Franz. "Optimal introduction of carbon taxes." Energy Systems 5, no. 1 (November 22, 2012): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12667-012-0071-z.

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16

Cuff, Madeleine. "Carbon taxes should target luxuries." New Scientist 259, no. 3448 (July 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(23)01360-x.

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17

Mintz-Woo, Kian. "WILL CARBON TAXES HELP ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE?" Les ateliers de l'éthique 16, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083645ar.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis ought to serve as a reminder about the costs of failure to consider another long-term risk, climate change. For this reason, it is imperative to consider the merits of policies that may help to limit climate damages. This essay rebuts three common objections to carbon taxes: (1) that they do not change behaviour, (2) that they generate unfair burdens and increase inequality, and (3) that fundamental, systemic change is needed instead of carbon taxes. The responses are (1) that there is both theoretical and empirical reason to think that carbon taxes do change behaviour, with larger taxes changing it to a greater extent; (2) that undistributed carbon taxes are regressive but distributing the tax receipts can alleviate that regressivity (and, in many cases, make the overall effect progressive); and (3) that while small changes for increasing democratic decision-making may be helpful, (fundamental) change takes time and the climate crisis requires urgent action.
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18

Ermolieva, Tatiana, Yuri Ermoliev, Günther Fischer, Matthias Jonas, Marek Makowski, and Fabian Wagner. "Carbon emission trading and carbon taxes under uncertainties." Climatic Change 103, no. 1-2 (July 16, 2010): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9910-x.

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19

Muller, Frank, and J. Andrew Hoerner. "Greening State Energy Taxes: Carbon Taxes for Revenue and the Environment." Pace Environmental Law Review 12, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1521.

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20

ROSS, MARTIN T. "REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF NATIONAL CARBON TAXES." Climate Change Economics 09, no. 01 (February 2018): 1840008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007818400080.

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This paper examines impacts of nationally-imposed carbon taxes on different regions of the United States. The goal is to see what can be learned about the drivers of regional political support for and opposition to such measures. Whether at the state, regional or national levels, carbon taxes are one option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions; several state and regional programs are already under way and lowering emissions. This analysis uses a U.S. regional version of the DIEM computable general equilibrium model to explore relationships between carbon taxes, emissions, and economic growth. One area of emphasis is how the distribution of impacts may be affected by differences in regional household spending patterns, the types of industries and electricity generation situated in those regions, and the locations of energy production and energy-intensive manufacturing. The modeling also explores how carbon tax revenues can be used to offset impacts on regional factor earnings.
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21

Bilbao Estrada, Iñaki. "Global CO2 Taxes." Intertax 41, Issue 1 (January 1, 2013): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2013001.

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This article explores current proposals for the creation of a global tax on carbon dioxide. The problems associated with these proposals are as diverse as their objectives: the pursuit of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, or the generation of funds for programmes, foundations and organizations working to combat climate change.
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22

Black, Simon, and Karlygash Zhunussova. "Carbon Taxes or Emissions Trading Systems?" Staff Climate Notes 2022, no. 006 (July 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400212307.066.

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23

Chalifour, Nathalie J. "A Feminist Perspective on Carbon Taxes." Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 169–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.22.1.169.

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24

Costa Dias, Monica, and James P. Ziliak. "Symposium: perspectives on carbon taxes – introduction." Fiscal Studies 43, no. 3 (September 2022): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12309.

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25

McKibbin, Warwick J., Adele C. Morris, Peter J. Wilcoxen, and Yiyong Cai. "Carbon Taxes and U.S. Fiscal Reform." National Tax Journal 68, no. 1 (March 2015): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2015.1.06.

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26

Chameides, W., and M. Oppenheimer. "CLIMATE CHANGE: Carbon Trading Over Taxes." Science 315, no. 5819 (March 23, 2007): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1138299.

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27

Clarke, Harry. "Some Basic Economics of Carbon Taxes." Australian Economic Review 44, no. 2 (June 2011): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2011.00630.x.

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28

Alton, Theresa, Channing Arndt, Rob Davies, Faaiqa Hartley, Konstantin Makrelov, James Thurlow, and Dumebi Ubogu. "Introducing carbon taxes in South Africa." Applied Energy 116 (March 2014): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.034.

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29

Carattini, Stefano, Maria Carvalho, and Sam Fankhauser. "Overcoming public resistance to carbon taxes." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 9, no. 5 (June 6, 2018): e531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.531.

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30

Dabor, Alexander, Beuty Ekiomado Eguasa, Osarodion Famous Wilson, and Meshack Aggreh. "Environmental taxes in an emerging economy." Multidisciplinary Reviews 7, no. 7 (March 28, 2024): 2024084. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024084.

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Carbon taxes is perceived to be a good instrument for plummeting greenhouse gas discharge in indusrialized nations that have no prevailing transaction arrangements. Up till now most countries of the world have not recognized the role played by carbon taxes in reducing carbon emission. Most emerging economies are doing nothing to reduce carbon emission within their jurisdictions. Thought carbon taxes have been advocated by experts as a veritable tool for reducing carbon yet most government of emerging nations for political reasons have refused to look at this direction. Many political leaders of emerging nations are said to have played to the gallery with multinational corporations and induced by the same who cause environmental pollution without corresponding replishing of host community. This study cogitates the role of environmental taxes as devices for enhancing the environment as well as a channel for raising funds for executing governmental activities. This paper reviews the cases on ecological taxation theories and discuss matters that arise from the implementation of environmental taxes. Similarly it discusses the likelihood of political acceptance of such taxes when they are linked to the goal of economic development. This study recommended a model that future researchers can adopt for further studies.
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31

Prasad, Monica. "Hidden benefits and dangers of carbon tax." PLOS Climate 1, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): e0000052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000052.

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Many scholars argue that revenue from carbon taxes should be used to replace other taxes, such as taxes on capital or labor, in order to minimize economic damage or compensate for the regressive nature of carbon tax. Advocates of this approach argue that the carbon tax could produce a “double dividend,” reducing emissions while also increasing GDP by allowing other taxes to be lowered. This paper suggests caution before adopting this approach, for two reasons. First, the scholarly literature systematically understates the benefits of carbon taxes, and overstates their costs, by simply ignoring the possible environmental benefits of carbon taxes. The result is a one-sided scholarship that exaggerates the damage from carbon taxes and should be understood as providing a lower bound for the benefits of the tax, not a rigorous guide to policy. Second, carbon taxes, unlike other taxes, will produce less revenue as technologies improve and cleaner-burning fuels develop. Thus, if carbon taxes replace other taxes, over time the tax base of the state will wither, and the programs those taxes pay for will be threatened. This paper elaborates these claims and then discusses carbon tax policy designs that would take both points into consideration.
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32

Metcalf, Gilbert E., and James H. Stock. "Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Carbon Taxes." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 1, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201081.

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Policymakers often express concern about the impact of carbon taxes on employment or GDP. Using a new dataset on carbon tax rates, we estimate the macroeconomic impacts of these taxes on GDP and employment growth rates for various specifications and samples. Our point estimates suggest a zero to modest positive impact on GDP and total employment growth rates. More importantly, we find no robust evidence of a negative effect of the tax on employment or GDP growth. For the European experience at least, we find no support for the view that carbon taxes are job or growth killers.
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33

Emelia Retno Kadarukmi, Maria. "CARBON TAX AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY, TAXES AND ENVIRONMENT." Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 1 (November 29, 2023): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v6i1.1013.

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This research discusses theoretically the relationship between carbon tax with economy, tax and environment. This research is a legal research with analytical descriptive nature, namely research that analyzes secondary data on issues related to carbon taxes as an instrument for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. According to secondary data, this research is aimed at discovering aspects of carbon tax design, collection of carbon taxes, and state management of carbon tax revenues. Carbon taxes are an effective and efficient instrument to support the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. To be implemented, a carbon tax must be feasible. Eligibility requires public acceptance. On the other hand, a carbon tax can create a lot of controversy. The main argument against carbon taxes is that carbon taxes do not always guarantee emission reductions. In addition, there are also concerns over the unintended effects of competitiveness, carbon leakage, and fears of unintended distributional impacts, which could be barriers to implementation.
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34

Metcalf, Gilbert E., and James H. Stock. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Europe’s Carbon Taxes." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20210052.

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We estimate the macroeconomic impacts of carbon taxes on GDP and employment growth rates using 30 years of data on carbon taxation in various European countries. We find no evidence for a negative impact on employment or GDP growth but rather find a zero to modest positive impact. We also find a cumulative emissions reduction on the order of 4 to 6 percent for a $40/ton CO2 tax covering 30 percent of emissions. Reductions would likely be greater for a broad-based US carbon tax since European carbon taxes typically do not cover those sectors with the lowest marginal abatement costs. (JEL E23, E24, H23, Q54, Q58)
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Orlov, Anton, and Harald Grethe. "Introducing Carbon Taxes in Russia: The Relevance of Tax-Interaction Effects." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 723–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0006.

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Abstract The theoretical literature on the double-dividend concept is mainly focused on pre-existing distortionary taxes in the labour and capital markets; the relevance of interactions with other taxes is often neglected. Using an analytical model and a numerical general equilibrium model, we analyse the welfare effects of carbon taxes and their interaction with other taxes applied in Russia. We find that substituting carbon taxes for labour taxes in Russia can substantially reduce the cost of carbon taxation compared to returning carbon tax revenues to households in lump-sum form and can even result in welfare gains in Russia. In conclusion, introducing carbon taxes has an indirect corrective effect with respect to the distorting effect of export taxation on energy resources. Furthermore, welfare costs of carbon taxation can be significant under the assumption of perfect international mobility of capital. Nevertheless, the cost can be more than compensated in case of a high carbon trade price.
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36

Zhang, Xinyuan. "The Impacts of Imposing Carbon Taxes on Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 101, no. 1 (July 25, 2024): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/101/20231713.

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Carbon taxes are widely known as an effective way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This tax has been imposed in many countries and made huge progress. This paper focuses on the impacts of carbon taxes on total greenhouse gas emissions and figures out how those impacts are able to benefit the environment, economy, and society. In addition, this paper discusses the solutions to improve the total effect of these carbon taxes. Besides, this paper addresses the viable ways to achieve carbon taxes properly with reasonable approaches. The conclusion drawn from the work is that carbon taxes can potentially reduce total pollution in the future, but it still has some flaws, such as the competitiveness of industries. This paper points out what traits carbon taxes have in both positive and negative aspects. This paper also gives improvement methods for this policy and calls for attention to environmental issues.
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37

Zhang, ZhongXiang. "Energy, carbon dioxide emissions, carbon taxes and the Chinese economy." Intereconomics 31, no. 4 (July 1996): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02928603.

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38

Hammerle, Mara, Rohan Best, and Paul Crosby. "Public acceptance of carbon taxes in Australia." Energy Economics 101 (September 2021): 105420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105420.

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39

Sommer, Stephan, Linus Mattauch, and Michael Pahle. "Supporting carbon taxes: The role of fairness." Ecological Economics 195 (May 2022): 107359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107359.

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40

James, Huw. "Carbon taxes and dealing with global warming." First Break 39, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.fb2021077.

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41

McAusland, Carol. "Carbon taxes and footprint leakage: Spoilsport effects." Journal of Public Economics 204 (December 2021): 104531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104531.

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42

Rausch, Sebastian, and John Reilly. "Carbon Taxes, Deficits, and Energy Policy Interactions." National Tax Journal 68, no. 1 (March 2015): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2015.1.07.

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43

Muller, Frank. "Carbon taxes: The case for state leadership." Electricity Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1993): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(93)90370-z.

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44

Marz, Waldemar, and Johannes Pfeiffer. "Petrodollar recycling, oil monopoly, and carbon taxes." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 100 (March 2020): 102263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2019.102263.

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45

Guthrie, Graeme, and Dinesh Kumareswaran. "Carbon Subsidies, Taxes and Optimal Forest Management." Environmental and Resource Economics 43, no. 2 (October 12, 2008): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-008-9238-4.

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46

Tol, Richard S. J. "Leviathan carbon taxes in the short run." Climatic Change 114, no. 2 (July 28, 2012): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0544-z.

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47

Gordon, Roger. "Carbon Taxes: Many Strengths but Key Weaknesses." Tax Policy and the Economy 38 (June 1, 2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/730050.

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48

Dobrovolska, Olena, Swen Günther, Olga Chernetska, Natalia Dubrova, and Svitlana Kachula. "Environmentally related taxes and their influence on decarbonization of the economy." Environmental Economics 15, no. 1 (June 3, 2024): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.15(1).2024.13.

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Environmental taxes ensure sustainable development, but their fiscal and environmental effectiveness differs for countries with different socio-economic characteristics. This study aims to compare the impact of environmental tax revenues on economy’s decarbonization (measured through carbon productivity – the ratio of GDP to carbon dioxide emissions) in different countries, considering their green technologies development and carbon emissions. The paper analyzed OECD and World Bank statistical data for 38 OECD countries for 2002–2021 using linear panel regression models with fixed and random effects (using Hausman test and STATA 18). To identify explicit and latent patterns of this influence, which are common to certain countries, this analysis did not consider each country separately but targeted clusters, distinguished by Ward and Sturges methods based on the effective tax rate on carbon emissions, total environmental tax revenues, total carbon emissions, and carbon productivity. The positive influence of environmental tax revenues on the economy’s decarbonization level has been confirmed for 29 countries (four from six clusters). The effect is the largest for the USA (an increase in tax revenues by 1% leads to an increase in carbon productivity by 0.9% on average) and the smallest – for the cluster including Austria, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Czechia, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and the Great Britain (increase – 0.1%). The negative impact was confirmed for nine countries (two from six clusters): Denmark, Finland, Israel, Latvia, and Sweden (decrease – 0.3%) and Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, and Slovenia (decrease – 0.21%).
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49

Zhang, Zhongxiang. "Setting Targets and the Choice of Policy Instruments for Limiting CO2 Emissions1." Energy & Environment 5, no. 4 (December 1994): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500403.

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Increasing concern in scientific and policy making circles about the possibility of global warming induced by the accumulation of CO2 and other GHGs in the atmosphere has advanced for consideration of policies to limit emissions of these GHGs. This paper gives an overview of policy instruments that might be used to control CO2 emissions, including command-and-control approach, energy taxes, carbon taxes, and tradeable carbon permits, with special attention paid to the economic instruments. It highlights the differences between energy taxes and carbon taxes in terms of target achievement. It presents some main findings arising from those studies on carbon taxes, with the emphasis placed on some aspects of domestic carbon tax design and incidence. The allocations of emission permits (or reimbursement of carbon tax revenues) are also discussed. Moreover, a comparison of carbon taxes with tradeable carbon permits is briefly made. This paper ends with some conclusions.
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50

Tsai, Wen-Hsien. "Carbon Taxes and Carbon Right Costs Analysis for the Tire Industry." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082121.

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As enterprises are the major perpetrators of global climate change, concerns about global warming, climate change, and global greenhouse gas emissions continue to attract attention, and have become international concerns. The tire industry, which is a high-pollution, high-carbon emission industry, is facing pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. Thus, carbon prices and carbon trading have become issues of global importance. In order to solve this environmental problem, the purpose of this paper is to combine mathematical programming, Theory of Constraints (TOC), and Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to formulate the green production decision model with carbon taxes and carbon right costs, in order to achieve the optimal product mix decision under various constraints. This study proposes three different scenario models with carbon taxes and carbon right used to evaluate the effect on profit of changes in carbon tax rates.
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