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Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon Nitride'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Ryabov, A. V. "Medium-Carbon Free-Cutting Steel." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.47.

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The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the formation processes of boron nitride, aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide and manganese sulphide inclusions in a free-cutting steel. Fact Sage software was used to model the behaviour of non-metallic inclusions. Formation temperatures and the amount of key inclusions in steel were calculated. Formation order of inclusions is as follows: aluminium oxide > boron nitride > manganese sulphide > aluminium nitride. The object of study was the A45AR grade steel in 1.1–1.2 kg ingots. It was melted in an induction furnace, and aluminium, nitrided ferrosilicon and ferroboron were added after deoxidation before tapping. Quality estimation included chemical composition, macro-and microstructure, the character and shape of non-metallic inclusions. The finished metal contained fine and uniformly distributed inclusions of boron nitride. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of boron nitrides distribution in metal matrix showed that they were present both as individual and complex compounds, mostly of spherical shape. The size of BN inclusions varied from 0.18 to 6.52 μm. The amount of boron added to steel did not affect the size of MnS non-metallic inclusions.
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Jasman, Siti Maryam, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang, Siew Ling Lee, and Leny Yuliati. "Photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite ion over carbon nitride." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1-2 (April 30, 2018): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n1-2.987.

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Nitrite ion (NO2-) is a toxic inorganic contaminant, which is widely used in industry and agriculture as a food preservative and a fertilizing agent. One of the methods to reduce the toxicity of the NO2- is by oxidizing it into less hazardous compounds, such as nitrate ion (NO3-). In this study, we demonstrated that a simple and green photocatalytic process can be employed to oxidize the NO2- to NO3- over a metal free-carbon nitride photocatalyst under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The carbon nitride was synthesized via pyrolysis of urea precursor by a thermal polymerization process at 823 K for 4 hours. The prepared carbon nitride was then characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), diffuse reflectance UV-visible (DR UV-vis), fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers, as well as nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analyzer. All the characterization results supported the successful synthesis of the carbon nitride. The carbon nitride was then used as the photocatalyst for oxidation of NO2- to NO3- under UV light irradiation for 3 h. The decrease of the NO2- and the formation of the NO3- were analyzed by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with Hypersil GoldTM PFP column. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methanol (MeOH) and water (H2O) with the ratio of MeOH:H2O was 30:70. The addition of orthophosphoric acid was required to set the pH at 2.5. The flow rate was fixed at 0.8 ml min-1 and the monitored wavelength was 220 nm. It was revealed that carbon nitride could oxidize NO2- to NO3- with a moderate conversion of 15%. Fluorescence quenching showed that there were good interactions between the emission sites of carbon nitride and the NO2- molecules. The good interactions would be one driving force for the carbon nitride to act as a good photocatalyst to oxidize the NO2- to NO3-. The oxidation pathway by the photogenerated species was also proposed.
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Vinu, Ajayan, Srinivasan Anandan, Narasimhan Gokularkrishnan, Pavuluri Srinivasu, Toshiyuki Mori, and Katsuhiko Ariga. "Mesoporous Nitrides through Nano-Hard Templating Techniques." Solid State Phenomena 119 (January 2007): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.291.

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Mesoporous carbon nitride materials have been synthesized using SBA-15 by pore filling technique whereas mesoporous boron nitride and boron carbon nitride have been prepared by elemental substitution technique using mesoporous carbon as template. The obtained materials have been unambiguously characterized by sophisticated techniques such as XRD, HRTEM, EELS, XPS, FT-IR and N2 adsorption. The textural parameters of the materials are quite higher as compared to the respective nonporous nitrides. These materials could offer great potential for the applications, such as catalytic supports, gas storage, biomolecule adsorption and drug delivery.
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Jun, Young-Si, Won Hi Hong, Markus Antonietti, and Arne Thomas. "Mesoporous, 2D Hexagonal Carbon Nitride and Titanium Nitride/Carbon Composites." Advanced Materials 21, no. 42 (November 13, 2009): 4270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200803500.

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Sung, S. L., S. H. Tsai, X. W. Liu, and H. C. Shih. "A novel form of carbon nitrides: Well-aligned carbon nitride nanotubes and their characterization." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 2 (February 2000): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0075.

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Well-aligned carbon nitride nanotubes were prepared with a porous alumina membrane as a template when using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma in a mixture of C2H2 and N2 as the precursor with an applied negative bias to the graphite sample holder. The hollow structure and good alignment of the nanotubes were verified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Carbon nitride nanotubes were transparent when viewed by transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the nanotubes were hollow with a diameter of about 250 nm and a length of about 50–80 μm. The amorphous nature of the nanotubes was confirmed by the absence of crystalline phases arising from selected-area diffraction patterns. Both Auger electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicated that these nanotubes are composed of nitrogen and carbon. The total N/C ratio is 0.72, which is considerably higher than other forms of carbon nitrides. No free-carbon phase was observed in the amorphous carbon nitride nanotubes. The absorption bands between 1250 and 1750 cm−1 in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided direct evidence for nitrogen atoms, effectively incorporated within the amorphous carbon network. Such growth of well-aligned carbon nitride nanotubes can be controlled by tuning the ECR plasma conditions and the applied negative voltage to the alumina template.
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Idris, Azeez O., Ekemena O. Oseghe, Titus A. M. Msagati, Alex T. Kuvarega, Usisipho Feleni, and Bhekie Mamba. "Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205743.

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity. For this reason, the leading drive of this review is to stress the importance of employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Li Qiang and Liang Er-Jun. "Comparison of field emission of carbon, carbon nitride and boron carbon nitride nanotubes." Acta Physica Sinica 54, no. 12 (2005): 5931. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.54.5931.

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Byers, Joshua C., Florence Billon, Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy, Claude Deslouis, Alain Pailleret, and Oleg A. Semenikhin. "Photocurrent Generation in Carbon Nitride and Carbon Nitride/Conjugated Polymer Composites." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 4, no. 9 (August 21, 2012): 4579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am3009482.

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Rounaghi, Seyyed Amin, Danny E. P. Vanpoucke, Hossein Eshghi, Sergio Scudino, Elaheh Esmaeili, Steffen Oswald, and Jürgen Eckert. "Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured metal nitrides, carbonitrides and carbon nitride: a combined theoretical and experimental study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 19 (2017): 12414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00998d.

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Szuromi, Phil. "Carbon nitride nanotube reactors." Science 372, no. 6541 (April 29, 2021): 477.6–478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6541.477-f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Wang, Hongji. "Investigations into carbon nitrides and carbon nitride derivatives." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-165492.

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Carbon nitrides and carbon nitride derivatives are promising photocatalysts. The main focus of this thesis is the synthesis and characterization of various carbon nitrides (incompletely condensed melon, carbon nitride doped cesium titanate, ultra-long calcined melon, and OH-melem). Those carbon nitrides were then tested with regard to their photocatalytic properties. In the first part of chapter 3 of this thesis, we focus on a material called ‘‘melem oligomer’’. Two different synthesis routes were applied (open system and half open system) and the composition and structure of this material was studied. Melem with two different crystalline structures and some amorphous residues were found in the product. We also tested the photocatalytic activity of melem oligomer and confirmed hydrogen production from water with a relatively low rate of 2 μmol g-1 h-1. In the second part of chapter 3, we synthesized ultra-long calcined melamine which may have a morphology similar to the ‘‘g-C3N4 nanosheets’’. We analyzed both the composition and structure and investigated the efficiency of the presumed g-C3N4 nanosheets for hydrogen production from water. Ultra-long calcined melamine showed the best photoactivity which is twice that of melon at 490 °C. This is most likely due to the interesting morphology and high surface area. In chapter 4, melem oligomer was doped with cesium titanate in situ. Different calcination times were applied and various characterization techniques were used to investigate the composition, structure and morphology of the obtained materials. The efficiency of this hybrid photocatalyst for hydrogen production did not show higher photoactivity than the pure carbon nitrides except in the case of 16 h calcination which was the optimum calcination time overall. In chapter 5, OH-melem with a composition close to 2-oxo-6,10-diamino-s-heptazine, which could be a precursor of oxygen-doped g-C3N4, was synthesized and characterized by various techniques. Crystallinity is rather low in this oxygen containing species. NMR spectra differ from melem or cyameluric acid and XPS results confirm the presence of C=O groups. Overall, different carbon nitrides and carbon nitride derivatives were synthesized and chemically investigated to gain further knowledge on their synthesis, chemical properties and their resulting application as photocatalysts.
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Wang, Hongji [Verfasser], and Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Lotsch. "Investigations into carbon nitrides and carbon nitride derivatives / Hongji Wang. Betreuer: Bettina Lotsch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047543478/34.

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Merchant, Alexander Raymond. "An investigation of carbon nitride." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/832.

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This thesis employs experimental and theoretical methods to characterise carbon nitride solids and proposes a generalstructural model for amorphous carbon nitride (a-C:N). It finds that a-C:N deposited by several methods is essentially identical, with similar bonding environments for carbon and nitrogen atoms. Using evidence from several techniques, the saturation of nitrogen in an sp2 carbon matrix is discussed. The experimental studies on a range of carbon nitride solids show no evidence for a crystalline form of carbon nitride. In addition to the experimental characterisation of a-C:N, ab initio molecular dynamics were used to investigate bonding and structure in carbon nitride. These simulations show that the most common form of nitrogen bonding was three-fold sites with a lone pair of electrons. Two-fold nitrogen sites were also found in agreement with experimental findings. An increase of nitrogen in a-C:N decreases the sp3-carbon fraction, but this is not localised on the nitrogen and the effect is most severe at high densities. A simulation of a low density/high nitrogen content network shows that the nitrogen saturation seen experimentally may be due to the formation of N2 dimers and C-N molecules which are easily driven out of the structure. The ab initio simulations also explore the nature of charged nitrogen and carbon sites in a-C:N. An analysis based on Wannier Function centres provided further information about the bonding and allowed for a detailed classification of these sites. The removal of electrons from the networks caused structural changes that could explain the two-state conductivity in ta-C:N memory devices. Finally, a theoretical study of the electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) calculated using multiple scattering theory is presented. The calculated ELNES of diamond, graphite and boron, silicon and carbon nitride structures compare well to experiment and supports the experimental finding that no crystalline carbon nitride had (or has) been produced. These ELNES calculations will however, provide a means of identifying crystalline beta-C3N4 should it be synthesised.
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Merchant, Alexander Raymond. "An investigation of carbon nitride." University of Sydney. Physics, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/832.

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This thesis employs experimental and theoretical methods to characterise carbon nitride solids and proposes a generalstructural model for amorphous carbon nitride (a-C:N). It finds that a-C:N deposited by several methods is essentially identical, with similar bonding environments for carbon and nitrogen atoms. Using evidence from several techniques, the saturation of nitrogen in an sp2 carbon matrix is discussed. The experimental studies on a range of carbon nitride solids show no evidence for a crystalline form of carbon nitride. In addition to the experimental characterisation of a-C:N, ab initio molecular dynamics were used to investigate bonding and structure in carbon nitride. These simulations show that the most common form of nitrogen bonding was three-fold sites with a lone pair of electrons. Two-fold nitrogen sites were also found in agreement with experimental findings. An increase of nitrogen in a-C:N decreases the sp3-carbon fraction, but this is not localised on the nitrogen and the effect is most severe at high densities. A simulation of a low density/high nitrogen content network shows that the nitrogen saturation seen experimentally may be due to the formation of N2 dimers and C-N molecules which are easily driven out of the structure. The ab initio simulations also explore the nature of charged nitrogen and carbon sites in a-C:N. An analysis based on Wannier Function centres provided further information about the bonding and allowed for a detailed classification of these sites. The removal of electrons from the networks caused structural changes that could explain the two-state conductivity in ta-C:N memory devices. Finally, a theoretical study of the electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) calculated using multiple scattering theory is presented. The calculated ELNES of diamond, graphite and boron, silicon and carbon nitride structures compare well to experiment and supports the experimental finding that no crystalline carbon nitride had (or has) been produced. These ELNES calculations will however, provide a means of identifying crystalline beta-C3N4 should it be synthesised.
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Kharlamov, A. I., M. E. Bondarenko, G. A. Kharlamova, and V. V. Fomemko. "Direct Synthesis of O-doped Carbon Nitride and Oxide of Graphite-like Carbon Nitride from Melamine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42601.

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It was first performed a special method of pyrolysis of melamine in order to study the possibility of coproduction of carbon nitride and its oxidized derivatives. New compound as a graphite-like carbon nitride oxide (g-C3N4)O, which is isostructural analogue of graphite oxide, and doped with oxygen ( ~ 8.1 % ), carbon nitride (O-g-C3N4) were obtained. In contrast to known methods for the preparation of samples doped with oxygen carbon nitride a new route does not provide a preliminary synthesis of g-C3N4.The synthesized carbon nitride oxide is easily stratified and dissolved in water to form a flocculent solution which may contain not only ultra-thin nanosheets from several heptazine oxidized layers, but also the individual twodimensional monolayers. These monolayers can be a precursor for making reduced heptazine monolayer (or azagraphene). The synthesized substunces were investigated by methods chemical and X-ray analyses, IR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPDMS) obtained products.
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Berlind, Torun. "Carbon Nitride : Characterization and Protein Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tillämpad optik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19710.

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This thesis concerns synthesis and characterization of carbon-based materials and theinvestigation of the possible use, of a selection of these materials, in biomedicalapplications. Protein adsorption and blood plasma tests were used for this purposeutilizing a surface sensitive technique called spectroscopic ellipsometry. The materials were synthesized by physical vapor deposition and characterizedregarding microstructure, mechanical properties and optical properties. The ternaries BC-N and Si-C-N as well as carbon and carbon nitrides (CNx) of different microstructureshave been examined. In the B-C-N work, the intention was to investigate the possibilityto combine the two materials CNx and BN, interesting on their own regarding highhardness and extreme elasticity, to produce a material with even better properties.Theoretical calculations were performed to elucidate the different element substitutionsand defect arrangements in the basal planes promoting curvature in the fullerene-likemicrostructure. The Si-C-N ternary was investigated with the consideration of finding away to control the surface energy for certain applications. Amorphous carbon and threemicrostructures of CNx were analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the UV-VIS-NIRand IR spectral ranges in order to get further insight into the bonding structure of thematerial. In the second part of this work focus was held on studies of macromolecularinteractions on silicon, carbon and CNx film surfaces using ellipsometry. One purposewas to find relevance (or not) for these materials in biological environments. Materials for bone replacement used today, e.g. stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys andtitanium alloys suffer from corrosion in body fluids, generation of wear particles inarticulating systems, infections and blood coagulation and cellular damage leading toimpaired functionality and ultimately to implant failure. Artificial heart valves made ofpyrolytic carbon are used today, with friction and wear problems. Thus, there is still aneed to improve biomaterials. The aim of the fourth paper was to investigate theinteraction between carbon-based materials and proteins. Therefore, amorphous carbon(a-C), amorphous (a), graphitic (g) and fullerene-like (FL) CNx thin films were exposedto human serum albumin and blood plasma and the amount of protein was measured insitu using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Surface located and accessible proteins after blood plasma incubations were eventually identified through incubations in antibody solutions. Antibody exposures gave indications of surface response to blood coagulation,complement activation and clotting. The a-C and FL-CNx films might according to theresults have a future in soft tissue applications due to the low immuno-activity, whereasthe g-CNx film possibly might be a candidate for bone replacement applications. "Layered" structures of fibrinogen, a fibrous but soft protein involved in manyprocesses in our body, were grown in situ and dynamically monitored by ellipsometry inorder to understand the adsorption process and molecule arrangement onto a siliconsurface. In the last paper of this thesis, the effects of ion concentration and proteinconcentration on the refractive index of water-based solutions used in in situ ellipsometrymeasurements were demonstrated and spectral refractive index data for water solutionswith different ionic strengths and protein concentrations have been provided.
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Schmidt, Susann. "Carbon Nitride and Carbon Fluoride Thin Films Prepared by HiPIMS." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90912.

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The present thesis focuses on carbon based thin films prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS). Carbon nitride (CNx: 0 < x < 0.20) as well as carbon fluoride (CFx: 0.16 < x < 0.35) thin films were synthesized in an industrial deposition chamber by reactive magnetron sputtering of graphite in Ne/N2, Ar/N2, Kr/N2, Ar/CF4, and Ar/C4F8 ambients. In order to increase the understanding of the deposition processes of C in the corresponding reactive gas mixture plasmas, ion mass spectroscopy was carried out. A detailed evaluation of target current and target voltage waveforms was performed when graphite was sputtered in HiPIMS mode. First principle calculations targeting the growth of CFx thin films revealed most probable film forming species as well as CFx film structure defining defects. In order to set different process parameters into relation with thin film properties, the synthesized carbon based thin films were characterized with regards to their chemical composition, chemical bonding, and microstructure. A further aspect was the thin film characterization for possible applications. For this, mainly nanoindentation and contact angle measurements were performed. Theoretical calculations and the results from the characterization of the deposition processes were successfully related to the thin film properties. The reactive graphite/N2/inert gas HiPIMS discharge yielded high ion energies as well as elevated C+ and N+ abundances. Under such conditions, amorphous CNx thin films with hardnesses of up to 40 GPa were deposited. Elastic, fullerene like CNx thin films, on the other hand, were deposited at increased substrate temperatures in HiPIMS discharges exhibiting moderate ion energies. Here, a pulse assisted chemical sputtering at the target and the substrate was found to support the formation of a fullerene-like microstructure. CFx thin films were found to have surface energies equivalent to super-hydrophobic materials for x > 0.26 while such films were polymeric in nature accounting for hardnesses below 1 GPa. Whereas, an amorphous structure for carbon-based films with fluorine contents ranging between 16 % and 23 % was observed. For those films, the hardness increased with decreasing fluorine content and ranged between 16 GPa and 4 GPa. The HiPIMS process in fluorinecontaining atmosphere was found to be a powerful tool in order to change the surface properties of carbon based thin films.
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Neidhardt, Jörg. "Fullerene-like carbon nitride thin solid films /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/tek877s.pdf.

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Khan, Muhammad Abdullah. "Carbon nitride based materials for heterogeneous photocatalysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8498a9f5-e5c8-4eda-b62d-0cd36471759c.

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Photocatalysis on semiconductor surfaces has grown tremendously in the last four decades. One reason for this is its analogy with photosynthesis, the most important natural photochemical process. Semiconductors to some extent can mimic the key steps of this fascinating heterogeneous photocatalytic process, i.e., photochemical charge generation, charge trapping, interfacial electron exchange and subsequent reaction. Building on this premise this thesis constitutes an investigation into the photocatalytic properties and applications of semiconducting layered framework carbon nitride based materials. Similar to traditional photocatalysts, the photocatalytic activity and efficiency of carbon nitride systems developed thus far is limited mainly by the fast recombination and low mobility of photogenerated excitons. Here, by exploiting the band alignment strategy, carbon nitride isotype (type II) and carbon nitride-niobium oxide of type II semiconductor heterojunctions were successfully constructed with the aim of suppressing the exciton recombination and improving charge extraction for the successful initiation of desirable redox chemistry. These features were demonstrated by employing the materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis for water splitting, organic pollutant decomposition and photochemical organic synthesis. Carbon nitride isotype heterojunctions constructed by controlled thermal condensation are shown to exhibit lower recombination of excitons relative to the pristine carbon nitride. As a consequence photocurrent generation and visible light driven H2 production activity was enhanced. This increase is attributed to the surface passivation and improved electron mobility of built-in electric field which arises from the topology-induced band offset of favoured type II heterojunction configuration. Building on the insights into the heterojunction-activity dependence, new type II graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), Nb2O5 (C3N4-Nb2O5), heterojunctions synthesised via a hydrothermal method were exploited for their photodegradation ability of the organic pollutants. The synergic effect of carbon nitride and Nb2O5 coupling leads to the substantial photocatalytic activity improvement which can be attributed to the formation of an intimate interface and gradual attenuation of energy-wasteful charge recombination processes in C3N4-Nb2O5 heterojunctions materials. While water splitting and pollutant decomposition using semiconductors has received the bulk of attention, the possibilities concerning chemical synthesis are only beginning to be meaningfully exploited. We, therefore, employed carbon nitride to catalyse photo organic synthesis. It was demonstrated for the first time that carbon nitride can efficiently catalyse the photoacetalization reactions of aldehydes/ketones with alcohols, forming acetals at high yields using visible light under ambient conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the transient charge separation at the surface of this material is sufficient to catalyse the reaction in the absence of Lewis or Brønsted acids or solvent systems. Since the photoacetalization of aldehydes occurs under conditions similar to those of alcohols oxidation, both using visible light and carbon nitride as a catalyst, the two reactions actually proceed via different mechanisms. This study also demonstrates, visible light induced heterogeneous auto-tandem catalysis, coupling the oxidation and subsequent acetalization of alcohols in a single chemical process. This green strategy can be applicable to a wide variety of organic photo-induced synthesis.
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Lin, Yun Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Contact deformation mechanism of complex carbon nitride and metal nitride based bi-layer coatings." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44544.

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Hard wear-resistant coatings have been widely applied 10 cutting tools to increase their durability and improve tribological properties. Physical vapour deposited TiAIN-based coatings. used in dry cutting performances. Have shown excellent hot hardness and oxidation resistance. The main handicap of these coatings is their brittleness. Another type of coatings arc amorphous. rather than crystalline. for example those based on fullerene-like carbon nitride (CNx). Such coatings possess high elasticity. but relatively low hardness. In this study. bi-Iayer coatings. designed as 1I CNx-based outer layer and a TiAlN-based inner layer. were deposited on either a silicon substrate or a high speed steel M2 substrate. The CNx outer layer incorporated either Ti/AI or Cr to improve its hardness. Cr was also added to the TiAIN based inner layer in some of the coatings. Detailed microstructural characterization and nanoindentation. to assess contact damage. \\CTC carried out on these coatings. The results showed that the microstructure of these coatings plays a critical part in the contact response. The addition ofCr into the CNx layer improves the toughness of the CNx layer. It acts as an inhibitor to the propagation of shear cracks initiated from the inner TiAIN layer. The incorporation of Cr into the TiAIN-based inner layer results in refinement of grain size and solid solution hardening. subsequently, this hinders inter-columnar sliding. Which results in the plastic deformation occurring lit a higher load. The application of a Cr interlayer was found to enhance the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate. It was found the thicker. and harder. coatings on the ductile steel substrate generated inclined and lateral cracking. In contrast. thinner coatings initiated inter-columnar sliding and shear cracking followed by substrate plastic now. In turn. significant edge cracking (circumferential cracking) occurred in the CNx outer layer along the periphery of indent. It was also noted that nano-indentation testing using both Berkovich and spherical indenters produced different mechanical response and deformation microstructures in the coatings deposited on silicon substrates.
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Books on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Eid, Kamel Abdelmoniem Mohamed, and Aboubakr M. Abdullah, eds. Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Sustainable Energy Production and Environmental Remediation. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839164606.

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Miyoshi, Kazuhisa. Diamond and diamondlike carbon as wear-resistant, self-lubricating coatings for silicon nitride. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Diamond and diamondlike carbon as wear-resistant, self-lubricating coatings for silicon nitride. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Pouch, John J. Auger electron spetroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and optical characterization of a-C:H and BN films. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Striegler, Karl. Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09740-0.

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Nosratinia, M. A. Carbon and nitrogen interactions in plasma nitrided chromium bearing steels. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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Ogbuji, L. U. J. T. Process-induced carbon and sub-layer in SiC/BN/SiC composites: Characterization and consequences. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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R, Wheeler Donald, McCue T. R, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Process-induced carbon and sub-layer in SiC/BN/SiC composites: Characterization and consequences. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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D, Litton C., ed. Evaluation of a nitric-oxide-compensated carbon monoxide fire sensor. Washington, D.C. (810 7th St., N.W., Washington 20241-0001): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final report to NASA Marshall Space Flight Center on the study of low temperature unbalanced magnetron deposition of hard, wear-resistant coatings for liquid-film bearing applications: Contract number NAG8-1020. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Yu, Jie, and E. G. Wang. "Carbon Nitride and Boron Carbon Nitride Nanostructures." In B-C-N Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures, 195–221. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0086-9_7.

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Choudhury, Biswajit. "Carbon Nitride: A Wonder Photocatalyst." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 167–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10609-6_6.

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Sokołowska, A., J. Szmidt, J. Konwerska-Hrabowska, A. Werbowy, A. Olszyna, K. Zdunek, and S. Mitura. "Allotropic Forms of Carbon Nitride." In Diamond Based Composites, 151–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5592-2_11.

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Balázsi, Csaba, Zsolt Czigány, Ferenc Wéber, Zoltán Kónya, Zofia Vértesy, László Péter Biró, Imre Kiricsi, and Péter Arató. "Silicon Nitride – Carbon Nanotube Composites." In Materials Science Forum, 123–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-439-1.123.

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Hirota, E., K. Kuchitsu, T. Steimle, J. Vogt, and N. Vogt. "29 B2N Boron nitride." In Molecules Containing No Carbon Atoms and Molecules Containing One or Two Carbon Atoms, 59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70614-4_30.

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Đurđić, Slađana, Vesna Stanković, and Dalibor M. Stanković. "Graphitic Carbon Nitride in Biosensing Application." In Handbook of Nanobioelectrochemistry, 153–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9437-1_8.

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Chan, Ming-Hsien, and Ru-Shi Liu. "Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots and Their Applications." In Phosphors, Up Conversion Nano Particles, Quantum Dots and Their Applications, 485–502. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1590-8_17.

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Liu, Yanhong, Baodong Mao, and Weidong Shi. "Carbon Nitride Fabrication and Its Water-Splitting Applications." In Novel Carbon Materials and Composites, 99–136. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119313649.ch4.

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Choi, Young Min, Beyong Hwan Ryu, and Jae Do Lee. "Joining Method of Silicon Nitride to Carbon Steel." In Key Engineering Materials, 206–11. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-965-2.206.

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Lee, J. G., and S. P. Lee. "Nano-Structured Carbon Nitride Films for Microsensor Applications." In Solid State Phenomena, 1199–202. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.1199.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Pashkevich, Yu, A. Prudnikov, K. Lamonova, and M. Pas'ko. "Nanocluster's magnetron sputtering of carbon-nitride and hybrid nickel-carbon-nitride films." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference "Nanomaterials: Application & Properties" (NAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap.2017.8190386.

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Murahari, Prashantha, Brian Jeevan Fernandes, K. Deva Arun Kumar, Remi Feniton Simon, and K. Ramesh. "Carbon nitride for photovoltaic applications." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016717.

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Prashantha, M., E. S. R. Gopal, K. Ramesh, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Precursors for Carbon Nitride Synthesis." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606351.

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Bogomolov, A. B., and P. V. Zinin. "Applications of Carbon Nitride in photonics." In Методы и средства научных исследований. Москва: Научно-технологический центр уникального приборостроения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25210/mmsr-2021-02.

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Amilusik, Mikolaj, Marcin Zajac, Tomasz Sochacki, Boleslaw Lucznik, Michal Fijalkowski, Malgorzata Iwinska, Damian Wlodarczyk, Ajeesh Somakumar, Andrzej Suchocki, and Michal Bockowski. "Carbon and manganese in semi-insulating bulk GaN crystals." In Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XVII, edited by Hadis Morkoç, Hiroshi Fujioka, and Ulrich T. Schwarz. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2607476.

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Hasi, F. "Raman Spectroscopy Of Boron Nitride Nanotubes And Boron Nitride — Carbon Composites." In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURES: XIX International Winterschool/Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2103883.

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Sawaki, N., K. Hagiwara, K. Yamashita, N. Koide, Y. Honda, M. Yamaguchi, and H. Amano. "A local vibration mode in a carbon doped (1-101)AlGaN." In Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices VII. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.905529.

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Pelini, Thomas, Christine Elias, Ryan Page, James H. Edgar, Pierre Valvin, Bernard Gil, and Guillaume Cassabois. "Shallow and deep levels in hexagonal boron nitride with carbon impurities." In Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XVI, edited by Hadis Morkoç, Hiroshi Fujioka, and Ulrich T. Schwarz. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2578445.

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Johnson, Linda F., and Mark B. Moran. "Synthesis and characterization of carbon nitride films." In AeroSense '97, edited by Randal W. Tustison. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.277063.

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Ren, ZhongMin, Yongfeng Lu, and Z. F. He. "Pulsed-laser deposition of carbon nitride materials." In Second International Symposium on Laser Precision Micromachining, edited by Isamu Miyamoto, Yong Feng Lu, Koji Sugioka, and Jan J. Dubowski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456817.

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Reports on the topic "Carbon Nitride"

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Carroll, David. Novel Carbon Nitride Nanowire (CNW) Conjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada491041.

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Carroll, David. Novel Carbon Nitride Nanowire (CNW) Conjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada501652.

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Yap, Yoke Khin. Heterojunction of Boron Nitride and Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1406128.

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Lieber, Charles M. Nanometric Studies of the Structure and Tribology of Carbon Nitride Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada350958.

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Yap, Yoke Khin. Hetero-junctions of Boron Nitride and Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068533.

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Smith, W. L., T. A. Michalske, and R. R. Rye. The deposition of boron nitride and carbon films on silica glass fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110580.

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Boroznina, Natalia, Irina Zaporotskova, Sergey Boroznin, and Pavel Zaporotskov. Study of the sensory interaction of a modified boron-nitride BN type nanotube with a carbon dioxide molecule. Peeref, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2306p7333667.

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Backfish, Michael. Electron Cloud in Steel Beam Pipe vs Titanium Nitride Coated and Amorphous Carbon Coated Beam Pipes in Fermilab's Main Injector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151749.

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McGinnis, Dave. First Attempt at Designing an Isolating Absorber for Horizontal Band 1 of the Debuncher Upgrade Using Aluminum Nitride Silicon Carbon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1985055.

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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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Abstract:
The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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