Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon Negative Construction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon Negative Construction"
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Jami, Tarun, Deepak Rawtani, and Yadendra K. Agrawal. "Hemp concrete: carbon-negative construction." Emerging Materials Research 5, no. 2 (December 2016): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.16.00122.
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Wang, Fei, Tian Ming Ding, and Wei Hua Song. "Research on Electrical Radiation of Marine Functional Materials Based on Negative Feedback Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3170.
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In marine organisms the carbon sink function of shellfish moves in circles. It not only has a great influence on the marine environment, also has the very important significance for the construction of marine ranching to realize the benefits of recycling economy. If the carbon consumption exceeds marine soil and Photosynthesis Carbon input, the marine environment will be subject to different degrees damage, and affect the marine farming production process. Based on this, this paper analyses and studies the shellfish and algae carbon sink function. The first part of this paper introduces shellfish and algae carbon sink regulation function, gives the schematic diagram of carbon cycle, and establishes a column chart through using the preliminary statistical data. The second part establishes the shellfish and algae carbon sink ecological economic system mathematical model in the construction of marine ranching, and gives the adjustment function diagram of ecosystems two coordination function. The third part uses the professional statistical analysis software SAS to draw the shellfish and algae carbon curve of marine ranching construction, which provides theoretical reference for considering the carbon sink function of marine ranching construction.
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Xu, Ning, He Zhang, Tixin Li, Xiao Ling, and Qian Shen. "How Big Data Affect Urban Low-Carbon Transformation—A Quasi-Natural Experiment from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316351.
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As a new factor of production, data play a key role in driving low-carbon and sustainable development relying on the digital economy. However, previous studies have ignored this point. Based on the panel data of 283 cities in China from 2007 to 2019, we investigated the construction of national big data comprehensive pilot zones (NBDCPZs) in China as a quasi-natural experiment, using the difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically test the impact of NBDCPZ policies on urban low-carbon transformation. The following conclusions can be drawn: NBDCPZ construction significantly promotes urban low-carbon transformation, and a series of robustness analysis supports this conclusion. NBDCPZ constructions mainly promotes urban low-carbon transformation by stimulating urban green innovation and optimizing the allocation of urban resource elements. Compared with eastern cities, small and medium-sized cities, and resource-based cities, the construction of NBDCPZs can promote the low-carbon transformation of cities in central and western China, large cities, and non-resource-based cities. Further analysis shows that the construction of NBDCPZs can only improve the low-carbon transformation of local cities, with negative spatial spillover effects on the low-carbon transformation of surrounding cities. Therefore, in the future, it is vital to consider the promotion effect of the construction of NBDCPZs on the low-carbon transformation of local cities and prevent its negative impact on the low-carbon transformation of surrounding cities.
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Du, Qiang, Yanan Dong, Jingtao Li, Yuelin Zhao, and Libiao Bai. "Assessing the Impacts of Carbon Tax and Improved Energy Efficiency on the Construction Industry: Based on CGE Model." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122252.
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The rapid development of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry poses an enormous and negative challenge for China’s energy and environment. While maintaining moderate economic growth, it is particularly important to realize energy conservation and carbon reduction. Carbon tax policy, a direct tool to reduce carbon emissions, can effectively alleviate the environmental issues caused by construction activities. However, relying solely on a single method is insufficient to handle the complicated circumstances of China’s construction industry. This study explores the influence of carbon tax on the construction industry through adjustments to tax rates via developing a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Then, it analyzes how the carbon tax affects the economic and environmental variables by designing scenarios for recycling tax revenue and improved energy efficiency. The results indicate that the carbon tax rate of 40 RMB/t-CO2 is the most appropriate. At this tax level, the negative impacts of energy demand and emissions reduction on macroeconomy and construction industry are minimized. It was also determined that carbon tax revenue recycling to households and sectoral investment will realize the “weak double dividend” effect on the construction industry. Furthermore, improving energy efficiency in the construction industry will demonstrate the additional advantages of carbon tax. This study serves as a theoretical foundation for the Chinese government to develop various energy strategies to achieve low-carbon development in the construction industry.
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Flores, Laura, Gabriela López de Lara, Salvador García-Esparza, Ricardo Flores Lira, and Marcelo V. Videa. "Construction and Characterization of Lead Acid Negative Active Material+Carbon Paste Electrodes." ECS Transactions 36, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3660596.
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Kuzman, Manja Kitek, Srečko Vratuša, and Petra Grošelj. "Comparison of Different Construction Types for Public Buildings Applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.910.
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Considering the growing importance of energy-efficient building methods, timber construction will play an increasingly important role in the future. In order to determine advantages and disadvantages of using wood as a leading constructional material, different construction types were compared: solid wood, wood-frame, concrete, and brick construction. To quantify the comparisons the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied. AHP enables the inclusion of various parameters, including descriptive ones, in a mathematical model through which the importance of each construction criterion forming part of the system can be calculated in order to provide objective decisions for construction. Analysis revealed that the top ranked criteria in decision-making include embodied energy, construction cost and design. On comparing different construction types the wood-frame construction, which can have very low or negative carbon footprint, was considered as the most suitable option for public building.
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Klemm, Agnieszka J., and Fernando C. R. Almeida. "Towards more sustainable construction–application of superabsorbent polymers in cementitious matrices with reduced carbon footprint." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901019.
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Construction industry is constantly searching for sustainable innovations to mitigate negative environmental impacts. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a well-known supplementary cementitious material which contributes to reduction of energy and CO2 emissions from cement industry. However, its use in cementitious systems leads to materials with high cracking susceptibility due to their greater autogenous shrinkage triggered by self-desiccation processes. This problem is even more pronounced when concrete is exposed to severe dry-hot weather conditions, such as in North Africa. In order to mitigate this negative effect of cracking, internal curing agents in the form of Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) can be successfully used. This approach leads to more durable cement based materials and in turn more sustainable constructions.
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Li, Mengcheng, Haimeng Liu, Shangkun Yu, Jianshi Wang, Yi Miao, and Chengxin Wang. "Estimating the Decoupling between Net Carbon Emissions and Construction Land and Its Driving Factors: Evidence from Shandong Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 8910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158910.
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Human activities and land transformation are important factors in the growth of carbon emissions. In recent years, construction land for urban use in China has expanded rapidly. At the same time, carbon emissions in China are among the highest in the world. However, little is known about the relationship between the two factors. This study seeks to estimate the carbon emissions and carbon sequestrations of various types of land based on the land cover data of 137 county-level administrative regions in Shandong Province, China, from 2000 to 2020.The study estimated the carbon emissions for energy consumption using energy consumption data and night-time light images, hence, net carbon emissions. The Tapio decoupling coefficient was used to analyze the decoupling between the net carbon emissions and construction land, and where the model for the decoupling effort was constructed to explore the driving factors of decoupling. The results showed that net carbon emissions in Shandong Province continued to increase, and the areas with high carbon emissions were concentrated primarily in specific districts of the province. The relationship between net carbon emissions and construction land evolved from an expansive negative decoupling type to a strong negative decoupling type. Spatially, most areas in the province featured an expansive negative decoupling, but the areas with a strong negative decoupling have gradually increased. The intensive rate of land use and efficiencies in technological innovation have restrained carbon emissions, and they have contributed to an ideal decoupling situation. Although the intensity of carbon emission and the size of the population have restrained carbon emissions, efforts towards decoupling have faded. The degree of land use has facilitated carbon emissions, and in recent years, efforts have been made to achieve an ideal decoupling. The method of estimation of net carbon emissions devised in this research can lend itself to studies on other regions, and the conclusions provide a reference for China, going forward, to balance urbanization and carbon emissions.
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Gugutsidze, G., and F. Draškovič. "Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-010-0006-4.
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Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plasticsWood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.
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Waghmare, Ankit, Amisha Tembhare, Akshay Gulhane, and Mrudul Gotmare. "Use of Hemp in Fly Ash Brick." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43817.
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Abstract: The construction sector is one of the primary energy consuming sectors and contributes substantial atmospheric emissions. The building and construction sector is responsible for 30% of global energy use and 17% of greenhouse gas emissions. In the past decade the construction community has been looking at sustainability of construction method. The requirement for improved construction method also leads to the search for new construction materials. One feasible material with suitable technical properties based on renewable is hemp fibre concrete or also known as hempcrete..Hempcrete is a Carbon Negative, non toxic, breathable and biodegradable building material made from hemp fibre, lime, fly ash, sand and water. This bio composite material has excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Using renewable plant based biomaterials such as hemp in building material removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, hence reducing the carbon footprint of building infrastructure
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon Negative Construction"
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Ahlgren, Karolina. "Jakten på det klimatsmarta fixet : En fallstudie om hur arbetssätt och materialval vid kakling av badrum kan minska negativ miljöpåverkan på ett byggföretag." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40186.
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Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete som utförts isamarbete med byggföretaget K360 i Uppsala. De arbetar medkakling av badrum i renovering och nybyggnation. En fallstudiehar besvarat forskningsfrågan “Hur kan byggföretag i Sverigegenom materialval och arbetssätt i samband med kakling avbadrum, minska sina koldioxidutsläpp och sin användning avfarliga ämnen?”. Materialen avser avjämningsmassa, fästmassa ochkakel. Litteraturstudierna bygger på rapporter och skrifter frånstatliga institutioner, kommuner, företag och tidningsartiklar. Dettycks saknas forskning om avjämning och fästmassa. Litteraturenberör klimatneutral betong, farliga ämnen, avfallshantering ochföretagskultur och visar följande. Cementen i betong ger högakoldioxidutsläpp. I klimatneutral betong har delar av cementenbytts ut mot bl.a. flygaska. Den gör att betongen eller avjämningentorkar långsamt. Cementindustrin forskar på metoder för attminska sina koldioxidutsläpp. En annan studie bygger på en teoriatt normaltorkande avjämning möjliggör klimatneutraltbetongbjälklag då den fungerar som fukt- och alkalispärr. Denempiriska studien beräknas färdig 2021. Farliga ämnen skaminskas och mycket farliga ämnen ska fasas ut. Dessa ärcancerframkallande, hormonstörande, svårnedbrytbara, kraftigtallergiframkallande och förändrande av arvsmassa ellerfortplantning. Försiktighetsprincipen bör tillämpas då det saknasforskning om många ämnens miljöpåverkan i kombination medandra. I cementbaserade fästmassor och avjämningsmassor kan detfinnas plasttillsatser som medför giftiga biocider. Det finnsnaturliga alternativ. Avfall bör i första hand minimeras, sedanåteranvändas, materialåtervinnas, energiutvinnas och sistdeponeras. I K360s miljöpolicy står att de värnar ommedarbetarnas delaktighet. Litteraturen stödjer delaktighet ochyrkesstolthet som drivkraft till ett företags kvalitetsutveckling därmiljö är en del. Beslut ska baseras på fakta som kräverkommunikation men K360 saknar idag forum för miljö- ochklimatfrågor. Sju kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts medplattsättare och projektledare. Alla intervjuade anser att miljö- ochklimatfrågor är viktigt. Samtliga plattsättare strävar efter attminska spillet genom planering och beräkning av materialåtgång.Detta blir lättare med mer erfarenhet. För att effektivt kunnaanvända kakelplattorna krävs tid för planering och logiskttänkande. Tidsbrist, standarden för att kapa kakelplattor, mått ochutformning av badrummen utgör hinder för att förebygga spill.Möjligheterna för detsamma är att i projekteringsstadiet anpassatidsplan, badrummets mått och kakel. Allt material återvinns närmöjlighet ges. Beställarens krav och pris styr materialvalet. Andrafaktorer är låg vikt och att det fungerar med befintliga material.Plattsättare och projektledare uttrycker tilltro till att materialet ärkontrollerat för farliga ämnen. Överlag saknar de kunskap ommaterialens innehåll och möjligheten att påverka materialvaletupplevs vara litet. En produktjämförelse jämför fästmassornaCentro FK# 1000 som K360 använder mycket och Haga 325 Bio-Platten- und Fliesenkleber. Produkterna är likvärdiga ochcementbaserade. Centros innehåller plasttillsatser medan Hagasbara naturliga tillsatser. Diskussionen tar upp om ett riktatlitteratursökande kan ha lett till att källor missats och att källorfrån företag kan vara vinklat. Hänvisningar från kommunen ochoberoende källor stärker informationen. Vidare diskuteras omtilliten hos informanterna till materialkontrollerna är frånsägandeav ansvar men flera uttalanden pekar på starkt ansvarskännande.Slutsatsen från produktjämförelsen är att ett byte från Centro tillHaga skulle minska potentiellt farliga ämnen. Andra slutsatsersom dras är att det saknas klimatneutral avjämningsmassa påmarknaden men det kan komma att visa sig att normaltorkandeavjämning är att föredra. Företaget saknar idag forum för internkommunikation om miljöfrågor vilket gör att information fastnarhos enskilda individer. Rapporten rekommenderar K360 att avsättaresurser för att uppdatera sig om materialinnehåll ochmiljöutveckling, skapa forum och vägar för intern kunskaps- ocherfarenhetsöverföring, sprida information om material ocharbetssätt till beställare och producenter av material, fortsätta medcementbaserad avjämning och byta mot klimatneutral cement iframtiden.
Book chapters on the topic "Carbon Negative Construction"
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Naito, Hisashi. "Construction of Negatively Curved Cubic Carbon Crystals via Standard Realizations." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 83–100. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56104-0_5.
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Atkins, Peter. "Carbon Footprints: The Wittig Reaction." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0026.
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As a molecular architect working on an atomic construction site you need to be able to build up the carbon skeleton of your project, not merely decorate it with foreign atoms. There are dozens of different ways of doing that, and in this and the next section I shall introduce you to just two of them to give you a taste of what is available. A secondary point is that throughout chemistry you will find reactions denoted by proper nouns, recognizing the chemists who have invented or developed them. One example is that of the ‘Wittig reaction’, which is named after the German chemist Georg Wittig (1897–1987; Nobel Prize 1979). The reaction is used to replace the oxygen atom of a CO group in a molecule by a carbon atom, so that what starts out as decoration becomes part of a growing network of carbon atoms. You need to know that phosphine, PH3, 1, the phosphorus cousin of ammonia, NH3, is a base (Reaction 2). When it accepts a proton it becomes the ion PH4+. The H atoms in that ion can be replaced with other groups of atoms. A replacement that will be of interest is when three of the H atoms have been replaced by benzene rings and the remaining H atom has been replaced by –CH3. The resulting ion is 2. In the presence of a base, such as the hydroxide ion, OH–, the –CH3 group can be induced to release one of its protons, so the positive ion becomes the neutral molecule, 3. Note that there is a partial positive charge on the P atom and a partial negative charge on the C atom of the CH2 group. The presence of that partial negative charge suggests that the species could act as a nucleophile (Reaction 15), a seeker out of positive charge, with the CH2 group the charge-seeking head of the missile. Let’s watch what happens when 3 attacks a molecule with a CO group, specifically 4: perhaps you want to sprout a carbon chain out from the ring and intend to begin by replacing the O atom with a C atom.
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Srinivas, K. "Risk Mitigation: Sustainable Management in Construction Industry." In Risk Management. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100215.
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Various parameters which are interactive in nature are exerting a negative influence on the existence of planet earth. Excessive urbanization, runaway global warming, unbridled generation of waste and pollution of air, water and soil has resulted in depletion of natural resources. As a result of threat to ecosystems and irreversible degradation, the growing evidence that the earth’s ability to sustain life is getting eroded needs to be taken seriously. Major parameter which is responsible for substantial contribution to global warming and degradation of environment is the construction industry. The construction industry consumes about 40% of extracted materials and is responsible for about 35% of total carbon dioxide emissions. Rapid economic development coupled with unplanned construction has resulted in choking of cities/towns, with little or no lung space and over-exploitation of natural resources. This paper seeks to address the methods to mitigate the adverse effects on environment by way of implementation of sustainable management in the form of green and intelligent building which will facilitate the planet earth to be a liveable place for future generation while simultaneously pursuing the agenda of sustainable development.
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Shen, Jianfei, Jingjie Li, and Yidan Chen. "A Comparative Study of Economic Policies Based on Green Energy Transformation." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210285.
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Faced with increasingly serious climate and environmental problems, the green transformation of the energy structure is imminent. Energy development is related to a country’s economic lifeline, and the level of energy green transition is a key factor in determining the degree of low-carbon economic development. As an important way to internalize the externalities of environmental behavior, the degree of perfection of economic policies has a direct impact on the energy transition process. As an important means to promote the adjustment of energy structure, economic policies can internalize the positive or negative externalities of corporate environmental behaviors, and play an unparalleled role in the process of promoting the green transformation of energy. This article takes Germany, France, Japan, and Australia as the research objects of the four countries with relatively advanced energy transition economic policy systems, and fully analyzes the above-mentioned countries’ practices in fiscal and taxation policies, green finance, and market systems, and combines China’s energy transition economic policies. Implementation status, and corresponding suggestions for the construction of China’s energy transition policy system.
Conference papers on the topic "Carbon Negative Construction"
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Spišáková, Marcela, Mária Kozlovská, and Jozef Švajlenka. "ASSESSMENT OF WOODEN BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/23.
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Construction industry creates an environment for people's lives. On the other hand, construction activities have a negative impact on various aspects of the environment. It consumes natural raw materials, significantly contributes to carbon footprint, waste, etc. Appropriate choice of constructional, material, technical, technological and environmental parameters of buildings can partially reduce this negative impacts. By designing, implementing and using wood-based constructions it is possible to reduce the negative impact in the area of construction waste generation. Currently, the construction market offers a large number of construction systems of wooden buildings, which have both strengths and weaknesses. In this paper are identified construction systems of wooden buildings offered on the Slovak construction market. The aim of the paper is a detailed identification of construction waste generation during the realization of particular wooden structures and monitoring of waste generation in production factory (off site) and on construction site (on site) during the construction of wooden buildings. Based on the obtained information, the individual construction systems of wood-based constructions are compared in terms of construction waste generation
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CHHABRA, JAYATI, and Tarek Rakha. "Building-Integrated Carbon Sequestration Techniques: Towards Mitigating Climate Change." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.12.
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This paper provides an overview of building-integrated Carbon Sequestration (CS) techniques focusing on their potential environmental impact and associated costs. CS techniques are classified into three categories: 1) Biotic (Green Roofs, Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS), and Algae Facades); 2) Materials (carbon-negative and carbon absorb- ing building materials); and 3) Equipment (filter towers). Preliminary literature review shows that Green Roofs and VGS can capture 150gC/m2 – 650gC/m2, while algae facades go up to 2430gC/m2 – 2970gC/m2. Biomass and filter towers could absorb a relatively high amount of approximately 1 x 10^15 gC and 687.5 x 10^9 gC, respectively (without normalization). By analyzing and summarizing each CS technique based on performance indicators like prerequisites, CS potential, costs and area required, it was found that Biotic techniques can be applied to a structure’s roof and facades for a large range of projects having low to high budgets. Biomass must be highly encouraged to be mixed with all the construction materials which can sequester up to 10^15 gC. Equipment, which has one of the highest potentials to sequester carbon and are highly expensive, can be used in urban spaces like parks and markets. A comparative analysis is finally done specifically showing the CS potential associated with the Biotic CS techniques to allow architects and designers to evaluate these technologies and analyze their integration potential in architectural practice.
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Yuan, Qing, and Ran Guo. "Impact of Urban Compactness on Carbon Emission Efficiency in Small Towns in China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/atxj1734.
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Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Liang, Yun, Shaolin Zhang, and Shangyuan Liu. "Strategies and Applications of Big Data and AI Technologies in Nuclear Power Public Opinion Prevention and Control System." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93779.
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Abstract For the aim of responding to the climate change, countries around the world have successively unveiled policies to reduce carbon emissions, such as the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals in China and restarting of nuclear power plants in France. As a kind of clean energy, nuclear energy plays a key role in the process of carbon neutrality. However, due to the particularity and the limited communication channels for the public to access nuclear power fields, the group is often influenced by negative feedback during the promotion of nuclear power projects, which obstructs the development of projects. Hereon, keeping abreast of public opinion information and making correct guidance in communications has become an important link in promoting a virtuous circle of the nuclear industry. This paper studies the framing principle of the nuclear power public opinion prevention and control system, the construction strategy of each module and the application of new technologies, which could realize wide-range collection of public opinions, real-time monitoring, simulation sorting out context of events based on hot words, correcting simulation deviations by the system based on machine learning results, also, providing early warning of in-time monitoring results. The findings of this research organically integrate the new public opinion prevention and control technology with public communication, which is an exploration of the application of new information technology in the field of public communication.
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Tufek-Memisevic, Tijana, and Zina Ruzdic. "Mitigating post-oil sustainability challenges in a topographically framed transit-oriented city." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ioxj4775.
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Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Tolman, Radon, and Ronald C. Timpe. "Hydrothermal Energy Systems Development in the USA." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-039.
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A revolutionary hydrothermal steam generator is being developed by a federal, state university and industry partnership in the US to enhance economic growth and trade. The new generator is designed to accept solutions and slurries without corrosion and deposition on heat transfer surfaces up to the supercritical conditions of water, above 221 bar (3205 psia) and 374 C (705 F). The generator will produce steam from low quality water, such as from geothermal sources, for increased electric power generation. Water treatment costs and effluents will be eliminated for “zero discharge.” To improve efficiency and limit carbon dioxide and other emissions, the new steam generator will be tested for converting wastewater slurries of low-cost fuels and “negative value” wastes such as hazardous wastes, composted municipal wastes and sludges, to clean gas turbine fuel, hydrocarbon liquids, and activated carbon. Bench-scale results at sub- and supercritical conditions for lignite, refuse derived fuel, tire rubber and activated carbon are presented. An advanced continuous-flow pilot plant is being designed to test the generator over a wide range of operating conditions, including slurry feed up to 30 percent solids. Demonstration of the hydrothermal steam generator will be followed by design and construction of combined-cycle energy systems.
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Whelan, Debbie. "Light Touch on the land – continued conversations about architectural change, informality and sustainability." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15043.
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Including ‘informally constructed’ buildings in the cornucopia of ‘vernacular’ has its opponents. They are not visually compelling, strongly represent the ‘other’, and their unpopularity derives from worldviews that prioritise ‘architecture’ as modernity rather than, perhaps, ‘buildings’ as humanity. However, it is argued that informal settlements are not only the kernel of new cities (using modern materials), but are inevitable and sanitized by health legislation, with slum ‘clearing’ having different potentials, to ‘slum building’. Considering informal settlements in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the early 1920s, and subsequent slum clearances due to post-War health legislation, tracking their continued negative, (and ambivalent connotations at the end of apartheid), and most extensive manifestations in current times, this paper considers informal settlements as recyclers of matter, distinct representations of cultural change (from the rural to the urban) and vectors of opportunity (driven by early health legislations). For the a global north which assumes culturally static societies, advocates for carbon-neutral construction, and renewable construction materials and recycling, there is possibly much we can learn from informal settlements, addressing complex and diverse world views, recycling, political organization and spatial planning. Also, viewed from the lofty perspective of the global north, such vernaculars are viewed derisively, are the focus of multiple, globally-crafted sustainable development goals, and are considered as ‘problems’ rather than, ‘solutions’. Thus, migratory trajectories, social and cultural change, and the continued use of existing and found materials is real for many millions of people globally. These constantly negotiated territories provide compelling ground for re-assessment, reflection and repositioning, interpretation of the vernacular.
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Sanz Bobi, Juan de Dios, María Luisa Martinez Muneta, and Miguel Sanz Lopez. "FREIGHT RAILWAY TRANSPORT: CRITICAL VARIABLES TO IMPROVE THE TRANSPORT APPLIED TO INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS AND ITS ASSOCIATED TRAFFIC FLOW." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3553.
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The developed societies have as challenge, among others, to achieve a mobility development based on economic models of low carbon and energy efficient, making it accessible to the entire population. In this context, the sustainable mobility seems to meet the economic, social and environmental needs, minimizing their negative impact. There are three factors that are relevant: (1) infrastructures; (2) modes of transport more ecological and safe, and (3) operations and services for passengers and freights.The objective of this research is to provide guidance to investment in sustainable transport infrastructures that are truly useful and effective. In particular we have studied the case of the railway, using the following information: details of the infrastructure; cost of construction (per kilometre); maintenance cost, and life cycle. This information may be relevant to consider their possible business models.The methodology of this research was focused in the detailed analysis of the infrastructure use and maintenance criteria, the market opportunities for freight development and the available data to validate the obtained results from the software tool reached in this work. Our research includes the different following aspects:• Evaluation of the supported traffic by the rail line.• Relevant items to be considered in the rail infrastructure. Defining the track, we can group items in two sets: civil and rail installations.• Rolling stock available. Locomotives and wagons are modelled to introduce the data as convenience for the user.Besides our research includes the development of software, Decision System Tool (DST), for studying the construction and maintenance cost of railway infrastructure. It is developed in a common and open source program, providing the user the interaction with the critical variable of the line. It has been adjusted using the following references: MOM PlanCargorail; EcoTransIT, and Projects funded by Framework Program of EU (NewOpera, Innotrack and Sustrail).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3553
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Wang, Yong-Yi, David Horsley, and Steve Rapp. "Evolution of Linepipe Manufacturing and its Implications on Weld Properties and Pipeline Service." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64632.
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Pipe grade is a dominant parameter in a pipeline’s service life. Critical decisions on the design, construction, and maintenance of pipelines are made on the basis of pipe grade. The implied assumptions or expectations are that pipes of the same grade would behave similarly and the experiences with a particular grade can be applied to all pipelines of the same grade. This simplification does not adequately take into account the other characteristics that are not represented by pipe grade, but can play a critical role in the safe and economical operation of pipelines. For instance, the evolution of steel-making processes and advancements in field welding practice can lead to significant differences in weld behavior among pipes of the same nominal grade. Most of the design, construction, and maintenance practices in the pipeline industry were established before the extensive use of modern control-rolled and microalloyed steels. With the exception of a few isolated research projects, the impacts of the fundamental changes in the steel metallurgy in modern microalloyed steels have not been systematically examined and understood. For instance, these steels may have very low strain-hardening capacity as a result of the TMCP process and may be subject to high levels of heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening due to their ultra-low carbon low-hardenability steel chemistry. HAZ softening reduces the longitudinal pipe strain capacity of girth welds, and low strain-hardening can potentially have a negative impact on tolerance to anomalies such as corrosion or mechanical damage. This paper starts with a brief review of linepipe manufacturing history with a focus on the chemical composition and rolling practices that directly affect the mechanical properties and the response to welding thermal cycles. The characteristics of linepipes made from modern microalloyed steels are contrasted with those made from vintage hot-rolled and normalized steels. The resulting mechanical properties of these two types of materials in the presence of welding thermal cycles are presented, and compared in terms of their behavior. The consequence of the weld characteristics is shown using examples of girth welds subjected to longitudinal strains. The implications of the pipe and weld characteristics on the design, field girth welding, and maintenance of pipelines are highlighted. Future directions and best practices in linepipe alloying and manufacturing strategies, linepipe specifications, field girth welding, and building strain-resistance girth welds are briefly described. It is emphasized that assessing the performance of pipelines based on their grades has fundamental shortfalls, and that gaps in codes and standards can lead to unexpected outcomes in pipeline integrity. In the long-run, revising relevant codes and standards is necessary to ensure consistent and reliable applications of new materials in the entire industry.
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Johannesen, Steven, Thomas Lagarigue, Gordon Shearer, Karen Owen, Grant Wood, and Will Hendry. "Probability-Derived Risk-Model: Lowers Costs through Reduction in Backup Tool Requirements, Improves Return on Capital Employed for the Contractor, and Reduces Scope 1 CO2 Emissions." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204021-ms.
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Abstract A review of the utilization of Drilling Equipment highlighted an opportunity to lower operational cost for the Operator, reduce Capital Employed for the Service Company, and reduce industry Scope 1 CO2 emissions. The Operator and the Oilfield Services Company set the objective of developing a risk-based probability model that could be used to assess the positive and negative financial impacts of reducing, or perhaps entirely removing, the need for backup drilling tools in the historically risk-averse UK North Sea. The scope of the analysis was to be a drilling campaign on a single rig contracted by the Operator (Rig A). The last three years of Drilling tool reliability data from North Sea operations, as recorded by the Drilling Service Provider, were used as an input. To assess the probability of failure, a Binomial Model was developed to create a Binomial Distribution for each tool, before determining the probability of failure of a given drilling string. The method calculates the probability of having 0 to X failures for a selected Drilling tool/string for a given number of runs. Three Binomial Models were developed to analyze the effect of "Easy", "Moderate" and "Challenging" drilling environments on drilling tool reliability. A financial risk model was developed that balanced the probability-weighted cost of failure for the Operator against the lower costs resulting from reduced tool provision by the Service Provider. In order to better estimate the risks and financial impacts on the project, Sensitivity Analysis was performed on the financial risk model using the three Binomial Models. Scope 1 CO2 emission reductions result from fewer logistical movements and diminished backup tool manufacturing requirements. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that recent improvements in tool reliability support a reduction in backup Drilling tools for the majority of North Sea drilling scenarios, meeting the objective of reducing well construction cost while lowering carbon footprint. Open discussions, focused on maximizing economic hydrocarbon recovery, reducing costs for the Operator, improving Return on Capital Employed for the Oilfield Services Provider and reducing Scope 1 CO2 emissions, resulted in a commercial model that could deliver a Win-Win scenario for all parties. It was observed that the approach was scalable, and would deliver further benefit from a broader workscope, generating "network" benefits when applied to a cluster of rigs, and/or an entire play/basin. In addition, the risk model can be applied to alternative industry scenarios where strong reliability data exist.