Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon nanotubes nanocomposite'
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1
Hajeeassa, Khdejah S., Mahmoud A. Hussein, Yasir Anwar, Nada Y. Tashkandi, and Zahra M. Al-amshany. "Nanocomposites containing polyvinyl alcohol and reinforced carbon-based nanofiller." Nanobiomedicine 5 (January 1, 2018): 184954351879481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543518794818.
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A new class of biologically active polymer nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol and reinforced mixed graphene/carbon nanotube as carbon-based nanofillers with a general abbreviation (polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubes) has been successfully synthesized by an efficient solution mixing method with the help of ultrasonic radiation. Mixed graphene and carbon nanotubes ratio has been prepared (50%:50%) wt by wt. Different loading of mixed graphene–carbon nanotubes (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were added to the host polyvinyl alcohol polymer. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubesa–e nanocomposites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the thermal stability was measured by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermal gravimetric. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction spectra proved the addition of mixed graphene–carbon nanotubes into polyvinyl alcohol matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns for these nanocomposites showed 2 θ = 19.35° and 40° due to the crystal nature of polyvinyl alcohol in addition to 2 θ = 26.5° which attributed to the graphite plane of carbon-based nanofillers. Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubes nanocomposites was enhanced comparing with pure polyvinyl alcohol. The main degradation step ranged between 360° and 450°C. Moreover, maximum composite degradation temperature has appeared at range from 285°C to 267°C and final composite degradation temperature (FCDT) displayed at a temperature range of 469–491°C. Antibacterial property of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubesa–e nanocomposites were tested against Escherichia coli bacteria using the colony forming units technique. Results showed an improvement of antibacterial property. The rate percentages of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubesb, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubesc, and polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubesd nanocomposites after 24 h are 6%, 5%, and 7% respectively. However, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene–carbon nanotubese nanocomposite showed hyperactivity, where its reduction percentage remarkably raised up to 100% which is the highest inhibition rate percentage. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol/graphene–carbon nanotubesa–d showed colony forming units values/ml 70 × 106 and 65 ± 2 × 106 after 12 h. After 24 h, the colony forming units values/ml were in the range of 86 × 106–95 × 106.
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Moheimani, Reza, and M. Hasansade. "A closed-form model for estimating the effective thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 2909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218797967.
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This paper describes a closed-form unit cell micromechanical model for estimating the effective thermal conductivities of unidirectional carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites. The model incorporates the typically observed misalignment and curvature of carbon nanotubes into the polymer nanocomposites. Also, the interfacial thermal resistance between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is considered in the nanocomposite simulation. The micromechanics model is seen to produce reasonable agreement with available experimental data for the effective thermal conductivities of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different carbon nanotube volume fractions. The results indicate that the thermal conductivities are strongly dependent on the waviness wherein, even a slight change in the carbon nanotube curvature can induce a prominent change in the polymer nanocomposite thermal conducting behavior. In general, the carbon nanotube curvature improves the nanocomposite thermal conductivity in the transverse direction. However, using the straight carbon nanotubes leads to maximum levels of axial thermal conductivities. With the increase in carbon nanotube diameter, an enhancement in nanocomposite transverse thermal conductivity is observed. Also, the results of micromechanical simulation show that it is necessary to form a perfectly bonded interface if the full potential of carbon nanotube reinforcement is to be realized.
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Kozlov, Georgii V., Gasan M. Magomedov, Gusein M. Magomedov, and Igor V. Dolbin. "The structure of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3433.
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We carried out an analytical structural analysis of interfacial effects and differences in the reinforcing ability of carbon nanotubes for polydicyclopentadiene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with elastomeric and glassy matrices. In general, it showed that the reinforcing (strengthening) element of the structure of polymer nanocomposites is a combination of the nanofiller and interfacial regions. In the polymer matrix of the nanocomposite, carbon nanotubes form ring-like structures. Their radius depends heavily on the volume content of the nanofiller. Therefore, the structural reinforcing element of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites can be considered as ring-like formations of carbon nanotubes coated with an interfacial layer. Their structure and properties differ from the characteristics of the bulk polymer matrix.According to this definition, the effective radius of the ring-like formations increases by the thickness of the interfacial layer. In turn, the level of interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the nanofiller is uniquely determined by the radius of the specified carbon nanotube formations. For the considered nanocomposites, the elastomeric matrix has a higher degree of reinforcement compared to the glassy matrix, due to the thicker interfacial layer. It was shown that the ring-like nanotube formations could be successfully modelled as a structural analogue of macromolecular coils of branched polymers. This makes it possible to assess the effective (true) level of anisotropy of this nanofiller in the polymer matrixof the nanocomposite. When the nanofiller content is constant, this level, characterised by the aspect ratio of the nanotubes, uniquely determines the degree of reinforcement of the nanocomposites
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Piegat, Agnieszka, Zygmunt Staniszewski, Artur Poeppel, and Miroslawa El Fray. "Morphology of polyamide 6 confined into carbon nanotubes." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0043.
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AbstractThe preparation of polymer nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes requires the nanotubes to be uniformly dispersed and compatible with the polymer matrix. In this work we report a preparation method of polyamide 6 (PA 6) based nanocomposite containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) without any additional surface modification and obtained by in situ polymerization, as a simple method for composites production. The process was assisted by ultrasounds prior to synthesis.With such a method, an interesting morphology of polyamide 6 confined into a multiwalled carbon nanotube as well as grafted on a carbon nanotube surface was observed. For comparative purpose, PA 6 nanocomposites were also prepared from commercially available master batch by melt compounding.
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Yang, Yun Shik, Myeong Jun Kim, Young Chul Lee, and Si Tae Noh. "Conductive Property of Carbon-Nanotube Dispersed Nanocomposite Coatings for Steel." Solid State Phenomena 135 (February 2008): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.135.35.
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Nanostructured modification of polymers has opened up new perspective for multifunctional materials. Carbon-nanotubes have the potential to increase the conductivity of their composite, with improved or retaining mechanical performance. This study focuses on the evaluation of the thermal and electrical conductivities of carbonnanotube filled alkyd resins for steel coatings. Polymer/Carbon-nanotube nanocomposites have been prepared by mixing commercial multiwall carbon-nanotubes with alkyd resins and by curing. The thermal and electrical conductivities of carbon-nanotubes filled nanocomposite was found to be increased comparing with the original resin without any fillers or with the resin with carbon-black or carbon-nanofiber.
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Yang, Jie, Liao-Liang Ke, and Chuang Feng. "Dynamic Buckling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanically Loaded FG-CNTRC Beams." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 08 (October 29, 2015): 1540017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415400179.
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Functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites have drawn great attention in both research and engineering communities. The weak interfacial bonding between carbon nanotubes and the matrix, which traditionally hinders the application of carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites, can be remarkably improved through the graded distribution of carbon nanotubes in the matrix. Within the framework of classical beam theory, this paper investigates the dynamic buckling behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite beams reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes and integrated with two surface bonded piezoelectric layers. The governing equations of the beam subjected to an applied voltage, a uniform temperature and an axial periodic force are derived by applying Hamilton's principle. Numerical results are presented for beams with different distribution patterns and volume fractions of carbon nanotubes and end support conditions. The influences of the beam geometry, temperature change, applied voltage, static axial force component, boundary condition, carbon nanotube volume fraction and its distribution on the unstable regions of FG-CNTRC piezoelectric beams are discussed in detail.
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Brcic, Marino, Marko Canadija, and Josip Brnic. "Multiscale Modeling of Nanocomposite Structures with Defects." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.141.
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A method for the numerical modeling of mechanical behavior of nanocomposite materials reinforced with the carbon nanotubes, based on the computational homogenization as a multiscale method, is presented. The matrix reinforcement interactions, based on the weak van der Waals forces are incorporated into the multiscale model and are represented by the nonlinear rod elements. The reinforcements, i.e. carbon nanotubes, are modeled as a space frame structure, using beam finite elements. Computational homogenization and representative volume element (RVE) are the basis of the presented numerical model of the nanocomposites. Nanoscale model is based on beam and non-linear rod finite elements. An algorithm is developed for the analysis of the presented nanostructure, and for the purpose of the software verification, examples, i.e. models of the nanocomposite material are presented. Also, the nanocomposite model with various vacancy defects in the reinforcement, i.e. nanotube, has been prepared and the obtained results are compared and discussed.Keywords Nanocomposite materials · Carbon nanotubes · Multiscale modelling · Computational homogenization
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Le, Minh Tai, and Shyh Chour Huang. "Modeling and Analysis the Effect of Helical Carbon Nanotube Morphology on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Using Hexagonal Representative Volume Element." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.3.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the ultimate reinforcing materials for the development of an entirely new class of composites. However, they have the complicated shapes and do not usually appear as straight reinforcements when introduced in polymer matrices. This decreases nanotube’s effectiveness in enhancing the matrix mechanical properties. In this paper, nanostructure having hexagonal representative volume element (RVE), theory of elasticity of anisotropic materials and finite element method (FEM) are used to investigate the effect of helical CNT morphology on effective mechanical properties of nanocomposites. CNT with different helical angles are modeled to estimate the nanocomposite mechanical properties. The results of helical nanotube models are compared with the effective mechanical properties of nanocomposites reinforced with straight nanotubes.
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Yang, Seunghwa. "Understanding Covalent Grafting of Nanotubes onto Polymer Nanocomposites: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082621.
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Here, we systematically interrogate the effects of grafting single-walled (SWNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) to polymer matrices by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We specifically investigate key material properties that include interfacial load transfer, alteration of nanotube properties, and dispersion of nanotubes in the polymer matrix. Simulations are conducted on a periodic unit cell model of the nanocomposite with a straight carbon nanotube and an amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix. For each type of nanotube, either 0%, 1.55%, or 3.1% of the carbon atoms in the outermost nanotubes are covalently grafted onto the carbon atoms of the PET matrix. Stress-strain curves and the elastic moduli of nanotubes and nanocomposites are determined based on the density of covalent grafting. Covalent grafting promotes two rivalling effects with respect to altering nanotube properties, and improvements in interfacial load transfer in the nanocomposites are clearly observed. The enhanced interface enables external loads applied to the nanocomposites to be efficiently transferred to the grafted nanotubes. Covalent functionalization of the nanotube surface with PET molecules can alter the solubility of nanotubes and improve dispersibility. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and challenges in using molecular modelling strategies to accurately predict properties on the nanotube and polymers systems studied here.
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Charara, Mohammad, Mohammad Abshirini, Mrinal C. Saha, M. Cengiz Altan, and Yingtao Liu. "Highly sensitive compression sensors using three-dimensional printed polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube nanocomposites." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 8 (March 18, 2019): 1216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19835953.
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This article presents three-dimensional printed and highly sensitive polydimethylsiloxane/multi-walled carbon nanotube sensors for compressive strain and pressure measurements. An electrically conductive polydimethylsiloxane/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is developed to three-dimensional print compression sensors in a freestanding and layer-by-layer manner. The dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polydimethylsiloxane allows the uncured nanocomposite to stand freely without any support throughout the printing process. The cross section of the compression sensors is examined under scanning electron microscope to identify the microstructure of nanocomposites, revealing good dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes within the polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The sensor’s sensitivity was characterized under cyclic compression loading at various max strains, showing an especially high sensitivity at lower strains. The sensing capability of the three-dimensional printed nanocomposites shows minimum variation at various applied strain rates, indicating its versatile potential in a wide range of applications. Cyclic tests under compressive loading for over 8 h demonstrate that the long-term sensing performance is consistent. Finally, in situ micromechanical compressive tests under scanning electron microscope validated the sensor’s piezoresistive mechanism, showing the rearrangement, reorientation, and bending of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes under compressive loads, were the main reasons that lead to the piezoresistive sensing capabilities in the three-dimensional printed nanocomposites.
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Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, A. D., D. Cichocki, and D. Łukowiec. "The MWCNTs-Rh Nanocomposite Obtained By The New High-Temperature Method." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0259.
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AbstractA nanocomposite was fabricated during the research undertaken, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium nanoparticles by the new high-temperature method being the subject of the patent claim. High quality multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the length of 100÷500 nm and the diameter of 8÷20 nm obtained in advance with Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were employed in the investigations. The nanotubes manufactured under the own research contain small amounts of metallic impurities and amorphous carbon deposits. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acids was applied to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of rhodium nanoparticles. The material prepared was next placed in a quartz vessel and subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The following examinations were performed, respectively: MWCNTs fabrication, fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the materials produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Micro- and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.
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McCrary-Dennis, Micah CL, Eduardo Fernandez, and Okenwa I. Okoli. "A study on the fabrication of plasticized polystyrene-carbon nanotube nanocomposites for foaming." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16681501.
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The impregnation of carbon nanotubes within fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) is a sought after capability for the advancement of composite systems. This study evaluates the novel processing of a carbon nanotube nanocomposite that has been developed to incorporate varying carbon nanotube loadings within final composite foams. This material is manufactured through a melt mix process of carbon nanotubes and polystyrene at ∼2.0–13.0 wt.% that further underwent a plasticization process in an acetone solvent. The chemical foaming agent 2.2′-Azobi(isobutyronitrile) is used to facilitate foaming at a constant 3.0 wt.% concentration. The foamed nanocomposite results in a carbon nanotube-loaded micro-porous structure showing capabilities of delivering localized carbon nanotube placement within fiber composite laminate systems. This report’s aim is to illustrate the effects of plasticizing polystyrene-carbon nanotube nanocomposite and calendaring the softened material to form foams imbedded with carbon nanotubes (carbon nanotubes). Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were the tools that are used to characterize the materials at the various morphologies with their findings inclusive.
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Greenhall, J., L. Homel, and B. Raeymaekers. "Ultrasound directed self-assembly processing of nanocomposite materials with ultra-high carbon nanotube weight fraction." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318801452.
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We introduce a new process to manufacture polymer nanocomposite materials reinforced with an ultra-high weight fraction of aligned carbon nanotubes. This process is based on using ultrasound directed self-assembly, which employs the force associated with a standing ultrasound wave to concentrate and align carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polymer matrix. In contrast with existing manufacturing processes, which typically limit the carbon nanotube weight fraction to approximately 1 wt.%, we demonstrate manufacturing polymer nanocomposite materials with more than 10 wt.% of aligned carbon nanotubes along a single line. We accomplish this by first dispersing 1 wt.% percent of carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix, and using ultrasound directed self-assembly to concentrate and align the carbon nanotubes along a single line. Then, we trim the excess material around the single line of aligned carbon nanotubes to retain a nanocomposite material with an ultra-high weight percent of aligned carbon nanotubes. We also manufacture polymer nanocomposite materials with different weight percent of aligned carbon nanotubes along multiple parallel lines, and with randomly oriented carbon nanotubes. We experimentally measure the mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposite materials, and find that the ultrasound directed self-assembly process results in specimens with aligned carbon nanotubes that display a significant increase in ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and moduli of resilience and toughness, compared to benchmark materials including polymer nanocomposite materials with randomly oriented carbon nanotubes, and virgin polymer matrix material.
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Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, A. D., D. Łukowiec, D. Cichocki, and W. Wolany. "Comparison Of The MWCNTs-Rh And MWCNTs-Re Carbon-Metal Nanocomposites Obtained In High-Temperature." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0348.
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Abstract Carbon-metal nanocomposites consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles by the high-temperature method were fabricated during the research undertaken. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes fabricated by Catalytic-Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD) were used in the investigations. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acid or in a mixture of acids was applied to deposit rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of metallic nanoparticles. The material prepared was next subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon and/or hydrogen to deposit rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The investigations performed include, respectively: fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the material produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium and/or rhenium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Micro- and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.
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ALDAJAH, S., J. CHATTERJEE, M. ALRAWADEH, A. KOSURI, and Y. HAIK. "ALIGNMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBES USING MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 03 (June 2009): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006067.
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Carbon nanotubes are driving scientific research nowadays. This field has several important directions in basic research, including chemistry, electronic transport, mechanical, and field emission properties. The most eye-catching features of carbon nanotubes are their electronic, mechanical, optical, and chemical characteristics, which open a way to future applications. One of the most important applications of nanotubes based on their properties will be as reinforcements in composite materials. One of the biggest concerns to nanotube industry is the alignment problem which has limited the usage and utilizations of carbon nanotubes in composites. The ability to impose a preferred alignment of carbon nanotubes in a composite will increase the effectiveness of utilizing nanotubes in composite applications. The alignment of nanotubes will maximize the interfacial bonding across the nanotube matrix interface. In this research, we developed a methodology and a process to align nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites by means of a magnetic field. By doing so, we will get a very strong nanocomposite that can be used in the composites industry. The proposed mechanism aims at aligning the carbon nanotubes by means of nanomagnetic particles that are adsorbed on the nanotube surfaces and by applying an external magnetic field. SEM analysis have shown that nanomagnetic particles with the assistance of the magnetic field were able to align the carbon nanotubes in the desired direction.
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Rouhi, S., R. Ansari, and M. Ahmadi. "Finite element investigation into the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube/aluminum nanocomposites." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 06 (February 28, 2017): 1750053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500531.
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This paper aims to study the thermal conductivity coefficient of aluminum matrices reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes. To obtain the thermal conductivity coefficient of the nanocomposites, a small temperature difference is applied on two opposite edges of a representative volume element. The nanotubes are distributed in Al matrix by using three different patterns, including random pattern, regular pattern with nanotube direction along the temperature difference and regular pattern with nanotube direction perpendicular to the temperature change. It is shown that the best enhancement in the thermal conductivity of aluminum matrix occurs by the regular distribution of the nanotubes along the temperature change. Also, increasing the volume fraction of nanotubes in aluminum matrix leads to increasing the thermal conductivity coefficient of the nanocomposite.
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Singh, Kalyan Kumar, and Dhiraj Kumar. "Experimental investigation and modelling of drilling on multi-wall carbon nanotube–embedded epoxy/glass fabric polymeric nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 11 (December 20, 2016): 1943–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416682277.
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The primary objective of this research is to investigate the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on drilling of multi-wall carbon nanotube–embedded epoxy/glass fabric polymeric nanocomposites. The experiments were conducted on composites with varying the weight percentage of multi-wall carbon nanotubes content to analyse drilling-induced delamination and surface roughness, which affect the quality and property of the drilled holes. The drilling parameters considered are spindle speed, feed rate and drill diameter. The microstructure of the holes was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy methods. For correlating the effect of the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes with the referred drilling parameters, a mathematical model was used, based on response surface methodology. For development of the mathematical model, four factors, namely, spindle speed, feed rate, diameter of drill and weight percentage of carbon nanotubes, were taken into account. The result established that delamination and surface roughness are reduced as multi-wall carbon nanotubes’ content increases. Maximum improvement in delamination factor was observed in the case of 1.0 wt% multi-wall carbon nanotube–embedded epoxy/glass fabric polymeric nanocomposite, which is 25% and 31.09% at the entrance and exit sides of the hole, respectively. With an increase in the feed rate and the drill diameter, delamination factor increases; however, with an increase in spindle speed, delamination factor decreases. Lower value of surface roughness (1.113 µm) was observed in 1.5 wt% of multi-wall carbon nanotube–embedded epoxy/glass fabric polymeric nanocomposite. However, surface roughness increases with an increase in feed rate and drill diameter.
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Ghane, N., S. Mazinani, and AA Gharehaghaji. "Comparing the performance of electrospun and cast nanocomposite film of polyamide-6 reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 35, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918794229.
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This study aims at fabrication and characterization of two different structures of electrically conductive polyamide 6/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite films at different multi-wall carbon nanotube concentrations including electrospun nanofibrous and cast films. Morphology, embedded multi-wall carbon nanotubes into nanofiber, thermal behavior, electrical conductivity and wettability of films were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy images depicted that the nanofiber diameter decreased with increased nanofillers. Enhancement of crystallinity, electrical and tensile properties, and simultaneously achieving a low percolation threshold confirmed good nanotube dispersion by employing a polymeric emulsifier, polyvinylpyrrolidone. The electrospun film crystalline content increased 18.5% and the cast ones increased 46.8% at 7 wt.% multi-wall carbon nanotubes loading. The electrospun and cast membrane electrical conductivity increased by 10 and 12 orders of magnitude. These results demonstrated higher values compared to previously reported data for polyamide 6/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The electrospun film Young’s modulus increased 93% and that of casted one increased 267%, due to the increased crystallinity after adding carbon nanotubes into the films.
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Veeman, Dhinakaran, M. Varsha Shree, P. Sureshkumar, T. Jagadeesha, L. Natrayan, M. Ravichandran, and Prabhu Paramasivam. "Sustainable Development of Carbon Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Classification for Environmental Remediation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5840645.
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Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. Carbon nanocomposites have gained considerable interest in different fields including biomedical applications due to its exceptional structural dimensions and outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics. The significant advances made in carbon nanocomposite over past years along with the discovery of new nanocomposite processing technologies to improvise the functional impact of nanotube and graphene composites by providing proper methods of synthesis and improving the production of diverse composite based on carbon nanomaterials are discussed. Carbon nanocomposites are applied in various fields such as aviation, batteries, chemical industry, fuel cell, optics, power generation, space, solar hydrogen, sensors, and thermoelectric devices. The recent design, fabrication, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanocomposites such as active carbon, carbon black, graphene, nanodiamonds, and carbon nanotubes are explained in detail in this research. It is found that unlike traditional fiber composites, Van der Waals force interfacial compounds have an important effect on the mechanical performance of carbon nanomaterial-based composites.
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Shim, Jee Soo, Gi Hun Lee, Cheng Yu Cui, and Hyeon Gyu Beom. "Mechanical Behaviors of Si/CNT Core/Shell Nanocomposites under Tension: A Molecular Dynamics Analysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081989.
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The silicon/carbon nanotube (core/shell) nanocomposite electrode model is one of the most promising solutions to the problem of electrode pulverization in lithium-ion batteries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanical behaviors of silicon/carbon nanotube nanocomposites via molecular dynamics computations. Fracture behaviors of the silicon/carbon nanotube nanocomposites subjected to tension were compared with those of pure silicon nanowires. Effective Young’s modulus values of the silicon/carbon nanotube nanocomposites were obtained from the stress and strain responses and compared with the asymptotic solution of continuum mechanics. The size effect on the failure behaviors of the silicon/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with a fixed longitudinal aspect ratio was further explored, where the carbon nanotube shell was found to influence the brittle-to-ductile transition behavior of silicon nanowires. We show that the mechanical reliability of brittle silicon nanowires can be significantly improved by encapsulating them with carbon nanotubes because the carbon nanotube shell demonstrates high load-bearing capacity under tension.
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Soleimany, M. R., M. Jamal-Omidi, S. M. Nabavi, and M. Tavakolian. "Numerical Simulation of Tensile Residual Stresses in SWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Composites." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3957.
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Abstract The residual stresses play a significant role in the mechanical properties and strengthening capability of nanocomposites. The present research aims to numerically investigate the residual stress relaxation in nanotube-reinforced polymers in response to mechanical tensile loading. The systems under study consist of the armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) embedded in a polymer matrix. The nanotubes and polymer matrix are assumed to be bonded by van der Waals interactions based on the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential at the interface. The interactions between carbon atoms in the nanotube and nodes in the polymer matrix are modelled by equivalent springs. In order to evaluate the analysis of elastic-perfectly plastic using finite element (FE) modelling, first, relaxation of the plastic residual stresses on steel hemisphere in contact with a rigid flat surface was examined in a loading-unloading cycle and verified with available data. Afterwards, the residual stress relaxation in nanotubes with different space-frame structures was computed due to displacement-controlled loading. Finally, the stress state and the plastic residual stresses in the nanocomposite for different carbon nanotube content were analyzed and discussed during loading and unloading. Regarding the effect of tensile stress, it was revealed that nanotube structures have significant effects on the residual stresses created in the nanocomposite.
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Goodwin, David G., Z. Xia, T. B. Gordon, C. Gao, E. J. Bouwer, and D. H. Fairbrother. "Biofilm development on carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites." Environmental Science: Nano 3, no. 3 (2016): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5en00277j.
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Tijjani, Y. "High temperature applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [v]: thermal conductivity of CNTs reinforced silica nanocomposite." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.19.
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Consolidated functionalized carbon nanotubes/silica refractory ceramic nanocomposites (FCNTs/silica) were fabricated by pressureless sintering technique. Thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites with various amounts of carbon nanotubes (0, 1, and 4 wt.%) were investigated. The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, 1 wt. % FCNTs/silica nanocomposite gave the highest thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising reinforcement for improving thermal conductivity of the silica refractory ceramics.
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Ansari, R., MK Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, and A. Darvizeh. "Coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon nanotube-reinforced polyimide nanocomposites: A micromechanical analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716666106.
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In this work, a unit cell-based micromechanical model with a proper representative volume element is proposed to evaluate the coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon nanotube-reinforced polyimide nanocomposites. The model takes an interphase between carbon nanotube and polyimide matrix into account which characterizes the non-bonded van der Waals interaction between two phases. The effects of some important parameters on the coefficients of thermal expansion such as thickness and adhesion exponent of interphase, temperature deviation as well as volume fraction, diameter and waviness of carbon nanotubes are investigated in detail. It is found that the interphase plays a critical role in determining the coefficients of thermal expansion and should be incorporated into the modeling of nanocomposite. According to the obtained results, there exists a specific value for carbon nanotube diameter beyond which further increasing in carbon nanotube diameter does not affect the coefficients of thermal expansion of nanocomposite. Also, the results reveal that the carbon nanotube waviness has a significant influence on the coefficients of thermal expansion of the nanocomposite. The results of the present model are compared with those of finite element method and a very good agreement is pointed out.
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El-Hami, Khalil, and Abdelkhalak El-Hami. "Nanocomposite Based Carbon Nanotubes for Electromechanical Application." Advanced Materials Research 1099 (April 2015): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1099.41.
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Nanocomposites from carbon nanotubes (CNT) and ferroelectric polymers/CNT provide new generation of nanomaterial with high electromechanical properties and allow polymers to exhibit enhanced actuating. Based on relative motion of nanotubes walls incorporated in polymer matrix, CNT are considered for various electromechanical applications such as nanoactuator, nanopump, nanothermometer, nanoresistor, nanomotor...In this investigation we determine the experimental correlation between the electrical and mechanical coupling of the nanocomposite based single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT).A strain refereed as a mechanical deformation was determined to be 10-3 under an applied electrical voltage of 6V.
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Taç, Vahidullah, and Ercan Gürses. "Micromechanical modelling of carbon nanotube reinforced composite materials with a functionally graded interphase." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 28-30 (June 19, 2019): 4337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319857126.
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This paper introduces a new method of determining the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites using a multi-inclusion micromechanical model with functionally graded phases. The nanocomposite was divided into four regions of distinct mechanical properties; the carbon nanotube, the interface, the interphase and bulk polymer. The carbon nanotube and the interface were later combined into one effective fiber using a finite element model. The interphase was modelled in a functionally graded manner to reflect the true nature of the portion of the polymer surrounding the carbon nanotube. The three phases of effective fiber, interphase and bulk polymer were then used in the micromechanical model to arrive at the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. An orientation averaging integration was then applied on the results to better reflect macroscopic response of nanocomposites with randomly oriented nanotubes. The results were compared to other numerical and experimental findings in the literature.
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Backes, Eduardo H., Fabio R. Passador, Christian Leopold, Bodo Fiedler, and Luiz A. Pessan. "Electrical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes/mineral fillers nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 23 (March 12, 2018): 3209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318763497.
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Epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes and epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes/mineral fillers nanocomposites were produced via in situ polymerization assisted by three-roll-milling. Epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites presented very low electrical percolation threshold, near to 0.05 wt %. In this study, we used different mineral fillers, with different aspect ratios: calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, and sepiolite. We evaluated the effect of the addition of these fillers on electrical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. The addition of calcium carbonate in epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites increased the electrical conductivity of this nanocomposite, due to volume exclusion effect. The addition of sepiolite decreased the loss factor and improved electrical constant, however, reduced the electrical conductivity in these nanocomposites, when compared to epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Regarding thermal properties, no significant change in glass transition was observed. Thermo-mechanical analysis for nanocomposites showed slight changes in tan (δ) and storage modulus, which is related to the interaction between epoxy, multi-wall carbon nanotubes and mineral fillers.
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Tasić, Ana, Jelena D. Rusmirović, Jovana Nikolić, Aleksandra Božić, Vladimir Pavlović, Aleksandar D. Marinković, and Petar S. Uskoković. "Effect of the vinyl modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the performances of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316648757.
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Production of high-performance nanocomposite materials obtained from unsaturated polyester resin, based on products of the waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling, and modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes is presented. Di-hydroxy functional glycolysates, synthesized by catalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with propylene glycol, were used for the unsaturated polyester resin synthesis. The structure of the obtained glycolysis product and unsaturated polyester resin were characterized by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and by acid, iodine, and hydroxyl value. Nanofillers were prepared by direct and two-step amidation of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Direct amidation with diallylamine produced multi-walled carbon nanotube-diallylamine reactive nanofiller. Two-step modification with diamines: hexamethylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine gave multi-walled carbon nanotube-hexamethylenediamine and multi-walled carbon nanotube- p-phenylenediamine nanofiller, respectively, whose amidation with methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acids gave multi-walled carbon nanotube-hexamethylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid and multi-walled carbon nanotube- p-phenylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid nanofiller, respectively. Influences of vinyl functionalities on mechanical properties of nanocomposite were analyzed from tensile strength ( σb), elongation ( ɛb) and Young’s modulus ( E) determination. An increase of 97.4, 119 and 139% of σb was obtained for nanocomposites with addition of 0.25 wt.% of diallylamine, p-phenylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid and hexamethylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid multi-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Short techno-economic analysis, performed on the basis of fixed and variable unsaturated polyester resin production costs, showed satisfactory potential profit, which could be realized by the implementation of the presented technology.
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Yu, L., S. Ahmad, Sivanesan Appadu, I. Kong, Mou'ad Tarawneh, and Moayad Flaifel. "Comparison of magnetic and microwave absorbing properties between multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite, nickel zinc ferrite nanocomposite and hybrid nanocomposite." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.4.317.
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Three types of fillers were incorporated in the thermoplastic natural rubber by melt blending process. They are NiZn ferrite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and hybrid NiZn ferrite/multiwalled carbon nanotubes followed by weight ratio of 1:1. Their magnetic properties and microwave absorbing properties were investigated. The ball-milled techniques, resulted good filler dispersion in hybrid nanocomposite, proven by the matching saturation magnetization experimental values with the theory calculation. It was found that the magnetic property strongly depends on the amount of magnetic particles in the nanocomposites. The mixing of two different types of filler (multiwalled carbon nanotubes and NiZn ferrite) showed an enhancement of the microwave properties at lower filler loading.
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Cruz-Silva, Rodolfo, Shigeki Inukai, Takumi Araki, Aaron Morelos-Gomez, Josue Ortiz-Medina, Kenji Takeuchi, Takuya Hayashi, et al. "High Performance and Chlorine Resistant Carbon Nanotube/Aromatic Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Nanocomposite Membrane." MRS Advances 1, no. 20 (2016): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.232.
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ABSTRACTEfficient water desalination constitutes a major challenge for the next years and reverse osmosis membranes will play a key role to achieve this target. In this work, a high-performance reverse osmosis nanocomposite membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization in presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The effect of carbon nanotubes on the chlorine resistance, antifouling and desalination performance of the nanocomposite membranes was studied. We found that the addition of carbon nanotubes not only improved the membrane performance in terms of flow and antifouling, but also inhibited the chlorine degradation of these membranes. Several reports have acknowledged the benefits of adding carbon nanotubes to aromatic PA nanocomposite membranes, but little attention has been paid to the mechanisms related to the improvement of flow rate, selectivity and chlorine tolerance. We carried out a comprehensive study of the chemical and physical effects of carbon nanotubes on the fully crosslinked polyamide network. The chemical structure, chlorine resistance and membrane degradation was studied by several analytical techniques, permeation and fouling studies, whereas the microstructure of the nanocomposite was studied by small and wide angle X-ray scattering, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics. We found that the addition of the nanotube affects the interfacial polymerization, resulting in a polymer network with smaller pore size and higher sodium and chlorine rejection. We simulated the hydration of the membrane in seawater and found that the radial distribution function of water confined in the pores of the nanocomposite membrane exhibited smaller clusters of water molecules, thus suggesting a dense membrane structure. We analysed the network mobility and found that the nanotube provides mechanical stability to the polymer matrix. This study presents solid evidence towards more efficient and robust reverse osmosis membranes using carbon nanotubes as mechanical reinforcing and chlorine protection additive.
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BANSAL, MALTI, RITU SRIVASTAVA, C. LAL, M. N. KAMALASANAN, and L. S. TANWAR. "MORPHOLOGICAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUTION PROCESSED MWNT–PEDOT:PSS NANOCOMPOSITE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 19 (July 30, 2011): 2543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101843.
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Carbon nanotubes have been the subject of extensive research during the past decade because of their exceptional properties. These tiny nanostructures have eventually paved their way into the exciting and promising field of organic electronics, which is expected to dominate the area of low cost and flexible electronics in the near future. We have prepared multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulphonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) based nanocomposites using different concentrations of MWNTs. These nanocomposites have been characterized using SEM, AFM, absorption spectroscopy, and electrical characterization methods. The SEM micrographs clearly reveal that the nanotubes are quasi uniformly dispersed in huge quantities throughout the polymer matrix. They also show the wetting of the nanotubes by the polymer. It is observed that the solution processed MWNT–PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite based films exhibit improved, higher current, and lower turn-on voltage as compared to pure PEDOT:PSS based films. On the basis of percolation theory, a low electrical percolation threshold value of 0.1 wt% was obtained for this nanocomposite system, signifying the formation of a continuous conductive network at a very low MWNT concentration. The ease of fabrication of the nanocomposite (solution processed), higher current, lower turn-on voltage and low electrical percolation threshold value, make it an excellent candidate for flexible electronics applications, which will dominate the electronics scenario in the near future.
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Abdullahi, Umma, Md Abdul Maleque, and Mohammad Yeakub Ali. "Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminium Nano-composite using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.03.01.2018.08.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) is a promising fibrous materials for development of nanocomposite especially aluminium (Al) matrix nanocomposites as CNT exhibited extraordinary mechanical properties and high aspect ratios. The dispersion is the main factor for a quality CNT-Al nanocomposite that affects the uniformity in mixture leading to the enhanced mechanical and wear behaviour. The present study emphasizes on the characterization of carbon nanotube dispersion by means of field emission scanning electron microscope after synthetization of new nanocomposite. The mixing of the reinforcement and matrix powders was performed in ball mill for 2 hours at 250 rpm. The result shows the homogeneous distribution was observed from the experiment. The morphological characterization under FESEM provides insight features of CNT-Al nano-composite with the ball milling parameter on the sintering.
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Wang, Li Qun. "Synthesis of TiO2 - CNT Nanocomposites and its Application to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.722.
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The improved dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using TiO2-carbon nanotube nanocomposite photoanodes. An improvement of 91 % for power conversion efficiency is achieved through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into TiO2mesoscopic film photoanodes. The further investigation indicates that enhancement of power conversion efficiency depends on the carbon nanotube content in nanocomposite photoanodes. With the carbon nanotube content increasing from 1 to 3 wt. %, the power conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly improves from 3.02 to 5.78 %. When the carbon nanotube content is up to 5 wt. %, however, its value is down to 4.24 %.
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Laha, T., Y. Liu, and A. Agarwal. "Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposite via Plasma and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Forming." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.114.
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Free standing structures of hypereutectic aluminum-23 wt% silicon nanocomposite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforcement have been successfully fabricated by two different thermal spraying technique viz Plasma Spray Forming (PSF) and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Spray Forming. Comparative microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of the two thermally spray formed nanocomposites has been carried out. Presence of nanosized grains in the Al–Si alloy matrix and physically intact and undamaged carbon nanotubes were observed in both the nanocomposites. Excellent interfacial bonding between Al alloy matrix and MWCNT was observed. The elastic modulus and hardness of HVOF sprayed nanocomposite is found to be higher than PSF sprayed composites.
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Laha, T., Y. Liu, and A. Agarwal. "Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposite via Plasma and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Forming." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18044.
Full textAbstract:
Free standing structures of hypereutectic aluminum-23 wt% silicon nanocomposite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforcement have been successfully fabricated by two different thermal spraying technique viz Plasma Spray Forming (PSF) and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Spray Forming. Comparative microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of the two thermally spray formed nanocomposites has been carried out. Presence of nanosized grains in the Al–Si alloy matrix and physically intact and undamaged carbon nanotubes were observed in both the nanocomposites. Excellent interfacial bonding between Al alloy matrix and MWCNT was observed. The elastic modulus and hardness of HVOF sprayed nanocomposite is found to be higher than PSF sprayed composites.
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Chen, Quanfang, Guang Chai, and Bo Li. "Exploration Study of Multifunctional Metallic Nanocomposite Utilizing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Micro/Nano Devices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 219, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17403499jnn34.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are excellent multifunctional materials in terms of mechanical robustness, thermal, and electrical conductivities. These multifunctional properties, as well as the small size of the structures, make CNTs ideal building blocks in developing nanocomposites. However, the matrix materials and the fabrication processes are critical in achieving the expected multifunctional properties of a CNT-reinforced nanocomposite. This paper has proved that electrochemical co-deposition of a metallic nanocomposite is a good approach for achieving good interfacial bonding between CNTs and a metallic matrix. Good interfacial bonding between a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and a copper matrix has been verified by enhanced fracture toughness (increased stickiness) and a shift in the Raman scattering spectra. For the Cu/SWCNT nanocomposite, the radial breath mode (RBM) has disappeared and the tangential or G-band has shifted and widened, which is an indication of better energy transport.
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Gajbhiye, Sachin O., and S. P. Singh. "Multiscale Modeling of Dynamic Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Nanocomposites." Nano 11, no. 07 (July 2016): 1650083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500831.
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A unique atomic structure of carbon nanotube unveils outstanding properties. This makes it potentially highly valued reinforcing material to strengthen composite materials. The methodology is established in this research paper to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of the nanocomposites. Repol polypropylene H110MA is used as a matrix material along with the different percentages of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A concept of representative volume element (RVE) is considered to study the various properties of the nanocomposite material. The carbon–carbon bond of nanotube is modeled using Tersoff–Brenner potential and represented by space frame element. The matrix material properties are tested in the laboratory which are further used to model it and represented by three-dimensional continuum elements. The interaction between nanotube and polymer matrix is modeled using “Lennard–Jones 6-12” potential represented by nonlinear spring elements. The effect of reinforcement, chirality, % volume of SWCNT, atomic vacancy defect and Stone–Wales defect on the properties of nanocomposite are investigated. To see the effect of reinforcement, the eigenvalues of the RVE are extracted for different boundary conditions. The viscoplastic behavior of the matrix material is considered and the rate-dependent characteristics of the nanocomposite are studied. The damping property of the nanocomposite material is also investigated based on the phase lag between stress and strain field by applying harmonic strain at different frequencies.
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GOLESTANIAN, HOSSEIN, and MAHDIEH HAMEDI. "EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH SINUSOIDAL CARBON NANOTUBES." Nano 07, no. 05 (October 2012): 1250041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292012500415.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess exceptional mechanical properties and are therefore suitable candidates for use as reinforcements in composite materials. Substantial improvements in mechanical properties of polymers have been attained through the addition of small amounts of CNTs. The CNTs, however, form complicated shapes and do not usually appear as straight reinforcements when introduced in polymer matrices. In this paper, theory of elasticity of anisotropic materials and finite element method (FEM) are used to determine effective mechanical properties of sinusoidal-nanotube reinforced polymers. The effects of CNT shape, orientation, and CNT distribution on nanocomposite effective properties are investigated by modeling different CNT-reinforced polymers. Also, the effects of interface strength on nanocomposite properties are investigated using an elastic interface model. The results indicate that even a slight nanotube curvature significantly reduces the reinforcing efficiency of sinusoidal — nanotubes compared to straight nanotubes. Also, in-plane isotropy was observed in the results obtained from the random CNT reinforced polymer. Finally, increasing the interface strength results in higher nanocomposite longitudinal modulus.
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Chwał, Małgorzata, and Aleksander Muc. "FEM micromechanical modeling of nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0027.
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Abstract Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanocomposites are broadly discussed in the literature. The influence of CNT arrangements on the elastic properties of nanocomposites based on the finite-element method (FEM) and representative volume element (RVE) approach is presented here. This study is an application of RVE modeling in the characterization of elastic behavior of CNT polymer nanocomposites. Our main contribution is the analysis of the impact of a nanotube arrangement on the elastic properties of nanocomposite to comprehensively determine the material constants. While most of the articles are focused on one distribution, not all material constants are determined. Our FEM analysis is compared with micromechanical models and other results from the literature. The current work shows that nanotube arrangements lead to different results of elastic properties. The analytical micromechanical models are consistent with the numerical results only for axial Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, whereas other elastic constants are lower than the numerical predictions. The results of these studies indicate that FEM can predict nanocomposite mechanical properties with good accuracy. This article is helpful and useful to comprehensively understand the influence of CNT arrangements on the elastic properties of nanocomposites.
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Grozdanov, Anita, Ana Tomova, Perica Paunović, and T. Aleksandar Dimitrov. "Polymer Nanocomposite Films with Functionalized MWCNTs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.778.
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Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become very attractive class of materials for numerous engineering applications since carbon nanotubes exhibit a high aspect ration, unique electrical, mechanical and structural properties. Functionalization of CNTs offer new potentials for other technical challenges of the polymer based nanocomposites associated with their specific interactions. A biocompatible polymer matrices PMMA and PCL were used to provide good interfacial bonding between carbon nanotubes. MWCNT (d=30-50 nm, purity>95%) were used for preparation of polymer based nanocomposites with 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 % w/w MWCNTs content. PMMA-based nanocomposites were prepared via the mixing of the MWCNT and polymer in a dichloromethane solution for 24 h, while for the PCL-based nanocomposites as a solvent tetrahyrofurane was used. Functionalization of the CNTs was performed in acid (HNO3) and alkali (NH4OH+H2O2) medium as well as by additional thermal oxidation at 490°C. Characterization of the nanocomposite films was performed by DSC, TGA, WAX, FTIR and SEM. The obtained results have shown that introducing MWCNT into polymer matrix significantly changes have been found in the properties of the obtained nanocomposites.
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Okolo, Chinyere, Rafaila Rafique, Sadia Sagar Iqbal, Tayyab Subhani, Mohd Shahneel Saharudin, Badekai Ramachandra Bhat, and Fawad Inam. "Customizable Ceramic Nanocomposites Using Carbon Nanotubes." Molecules 24, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173176.
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A novel tweakable nanocomposite was prepared by spark plasma sintering followed by systematic oxidation of carbon nanotube (CNT) molecules to produce alumina/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with surface porosities. The mechanical properties (flexural strength and fracture toughness), surface area, and electrical conductivities were characterized and compared. The nanocomposites were extensively analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) for 2D qualitative surface morphological analysis. Adding CNTs in ceramic matrices and then systematically oxidizing them, without substantial reduction in densification, induces significant capability to achieve desirable/application oriented balance between mechanical, electrical, and catalytic properties of these ceramic nanocomposites. This novel strategy, upon further development, opens new level of opportunities for real-world/industrial applications of these relatively novel engineering materials.
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Giannopoulos, Georgios I., and Stylianos K. Georgantzinos. "Thermomechanical Behavior of Bone-Shaped SWCNT/Polyethylene Nanocomposites via Molecular Dynamics." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092192.
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In the present study, the thermomechanical effects of adding a newly proposed nanoparticle within a polymer matrix such as polyethylene are being investigated. The nanoparticle is formed by a typical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and two equivalent giant carbon fullerenes that are attached with the nanotube edges through covalent bonds. In this way, a bone-shaped nanofiber is developed that may offer enhanced thermomechanical characteristics when used as a polymer filler, due to each unique shape and chemical nature. The investigation is based on molecular dynamics simulations of the tensile stress–strain response of polymer nanocomposites under a variety of temperatures. The thermomechanical behavior of the bone-shaped nanofiber-reinforced polyethylene is compared with that of an equivalent nanocomposite filled with ordinary capped single-walled carbon nanotubes, in order to reach some coherent fundamental conclusions. The study focuses on the evaluation of some basic, temperature-dependent properties of the nanocomposite reinforced with these innovative bone-shaped allotropes of carbon.
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Kotsilkov, Stanislav, Evgeni Ivanov, and Nikolay Vitanov. "Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122346.
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Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.
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Inam, Fawad, Doris W. Y. Wong, Manabu Kuwata, and Ton Peijs. "Multiscale Hybrid Micro-Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fibers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/453420.
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Amino-modified double wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT-NH2)/carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy hybrid micro-nanocomposite laminates were prepared by a resin infusion technique. DWCNT-NH2/epoxy nanocomposites and carbon fiber/epoxy microcomposites were made for comparison. Morphological analysis of the hybrid composites was performed using field emission scanning electron microscope. A good dispersion at low loadings of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy matrix was achieved by a bath ultrasonication method. Mechanical characterization of the hybrid micro-nanocomposites manufactured by a resin infusion process included three-point bending, mode I interlaminar toughness, dynamic mechanical analysis, and drop-weight impact testing. The addition of small amounts of CNTs (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%) to epoxy resins for the fabrication of multiscale carbon fiber composites resulted in a maximum enhancement in flexural modulus by 35%, a 5% improvement in flexural strength, a 6% improvement in absorbed impact energy, and 23% decrease in the mode I interlaminar toughness. Hybridization of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy using CNTs resulted in a reduction in and dampening characteristics, presumably as a result of the presence of micron-sized agglomerates.
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Et al., Hamza. "Promoting Solar Cell Efficiencies via Employing Sliver- Carbon- Pomegranate Peel Nano System." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 0370. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.16.2.0370.
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In this work, a functional nanocomposite consisting of multi walled carbon nanotubes combined with nanoparticles of silver and Pomegranate peel extract (MWCNTs- SNPs -NPGPE) was successfully synthesized using ultra sonic technique. The nanocomposite has been characterized using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), XRD, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) UV-Vis and FTIR. The obtained results reveal that the MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite exhibits form of nanotubes with rough surfaces and containing black spots, which are the silver nanoparticles. The dimensions of this tube are 161 nm in length and 60 nm in width with nanoparticles of silver not exceeding 20 nm. The XRD pattern of the prepared MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite showed four main peaks corresponding to the carbon nanotubes and planes of face centered cubic silver nanoparticles. The IR spectra referring to the(O-H) group stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid groups might come from NPGPE, and the stretching vibration of aliphatic C-H in carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube was used in solar cells (CNSCs) fabricated with and/or without fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) on the glass substrate with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blends (P3HT: PCBM). The FTO-(MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE / P3HT: PCBM/CNT/FTO-glass revealed more efficient CNSCs.
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Et al., Hamza. "Promoting Solar Cell Efficiencies via Employing Sliver- Carbon- Pomegranate Peel Nano System." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 0370. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.2.0370.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a functional nanocomposite consisting of multi walled carbon nanotubes combined with nanoparticles of silver and Pomegranate peel extract (MWCNTs- SNPs -NPGPE) was successfully synthesized using ultra sonic technique. The nanocomposite has been characterized using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), XRD, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) UV-Vis and FTIR. The obtained results reveal that the MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite exhibits form of nanotubes with rough surfaces and containing black spots, which are the silver nanoparticles. The dimensions of this tube are 161 nm in length and 60 nm in width with nanoparticles of silver not exceeding 20 nm. The XRD pattern of the prepared MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite showed four main peaks corresponding to the carbon nanotubes and planes of face centered cubic silver nanoparticles. The IR spectra referring to the(O-H) group stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid groups might come from NPGPE, and the stretching vibration of aliphatic C-H in carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube was used in solar cells (CNSCs) fabricated with and/or without fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) on the glass substrate with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blends (P3HT: PCBM). The FTO-(MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE / P3HT: PCBM/CNT/FTO-glass revealed more efficient CNSCs.
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Xiao, Peng, Jie Chen, and Xian-feng Xu. "Progress in Studies on Carbon and Silicon Carbide Nanocomposite Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/896389.
Full textAbstract:
Silicon carbide nanofiber and carbon nanotubes are introduced. The structure and application of nanotubers (nanofibers) in carbon/carbon composites are emphatically presented. Due to the unique structure of nanotubers (nanofibers), they can modify the microstructure of pyrocarbon and induce the deposition of pyrocarbon with high text in carbon/carbon composites. So the carbon/carbon composites modified by CNT/CNF have more excellent properties.
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Srivastava, Ashish, and Dinesh Kumar. "Mechanical characterization and postbuckling behavior of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminate." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216672893.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement in conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated nanocomposite plate made of carbon nanotube and carbon fiber reinforcements in a matrix material. The method of representative volume element is utilized to perform the multiscale modeling of the problem. Initially, Boolean-based random sequential adsorption algorithm is utilized to model a nanoscale representative volume element of nanocomposite material to mimic the effect of randomly distributed (i.e. having random orientation and position) carbon nanotubes in a matrix material. After estimating the elastic properties of the nanocomposite material using representative volume element, another microscale representative volume element of carbon fiber reinforced in the nanocomposite (i.e. carbon nanotube reinforced matrix material) is modeled to evaluate the stiffness properties of the lamina formed of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite. The laminae are further stacked in the sequence of (45°/−45°/−45°/45°) to model a laminate. Thereafter, the evaluated stiffness properties of the lamina are employed to predict the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated plates through nonlinear finite element method formulation based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von Karman’s assumptions. It is established that carbon nanotube reinforcement in carbon fiber reinforced composite lamina results in the enhancement of stiffness properties of the resulting carbon nanotube–fiber nanocomposite lamina, with more prevalent effect on the matrix-dominated properties—transverse and shear moduli—than the axial modulus. The increased stiffness properties result in the substantial improvement in the buckling load and postbuckling strength of the laminated plate made of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber nanocomposite material, for all volume fractions of carbon nanotube, loading and boundary conditions, geometric parameters (i.e. aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio), and matrix materials.
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Kozlov, Georgii V., and Igor V. Dolbin. "STRUCTURAL MODEL OF EFFICIENCY OF COVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5962.
Full textAbstract:
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes (covalent and noncovalent ones) is effective and often applied method of enhancement of their interaction with polymer matrix of nanocomposites. In present work the treatment is proposed, for the first time allowing quantitative estimation of efficiency (quality) of this nanofiller functionalization. For this purpose proposed earlier generalized model was used, taking into consideration characteristics of matrix polymer and nanofiller and also type of the last. Application of the indicated model allows to obtain quantitative characteristic of functionalization efficiency and also elucidation of interconnection of the indicated efficiency with structure of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix of nanocomposite, namely, with radius of their annular structures. It has been found that the same method of functionalization from the chemical point of view can be changed its efficiency in 20 times that is dependent upon structure (radius) of annular formations of carbon nanotubes. Their specific surface is the more precise characteristic of these formations. This surface serves as indicator of intensity of contact of polymer matrix and surface of nanotubes, which in the end forms mechanical and other properties of the considered nanocomposites. The equation has been obtained, showing the dependence of functionalization efficiency on two parameters: effective specific surface and content of carbon nanotubes. The sharp discrete reduction of functionalization occurs at reaching of percolation threshold of nanofiller. This means that functionalization of local structures of carbon nanotubes is more effective than functionalization of uninterrupted structures of this nanofiller. The most important mechanical property of polymer nanocomposites, namely, the reinforcement degree, is defined unequivocally by efficiency of functionalization. This approach allows making structural prediction of mechanical properties of nanocomposites polymer/carbon nanotube depending of efficiency of nanofiller functionalization.
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Hsieh, Tung Feng, Chia Chih Chuang, Ming Yang Liu, Yu Chuan Chou, and Chi Min Shu. "A New Way to Manufacture a Carbon Nanotubes Supercapacitor." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.47.
Full textAbstract:
A nanocomposite electrode of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on gold was fabricated to improve the specific capacitance and power density of the conventional supercapacitor. The novel supercapacitor built from MWCNTs and gold electrode showed a very high specific capacitance of 92.74 F/g using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 10 mV/s, and 96.43 F/g was measured at 100 Hz. This nanocomposite electrode greatly enhanced the utilization efficiency of supercapacitor electrode material, low material cost and provided both high capacitance and power density. It was shown that the nanocomposite electrode based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube electrode had the characteristics of high specific capacitance.