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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon isotype discrimination

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon isotype discrimination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon isotype discrimination"

1

Villani, F., M. Pigliucci, M. Lauteri, M. Cherubini, and O. Sun. "Congruence between genetic, morphometric, and physiological data on differentiation of Turkish chestnut (Castanea sativa)." Genome 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-038.

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Patterns of variability of genetic, morphometric, and physiological traits in Turkish chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are investigated. Previous studies suggested a marked genetic differentiation of Turkish demes, arranged in an east-west cline. Genetic distances based on 21 isozyme loci, discriminant analysis of 13 fruit traits, and analysis of variance of carbon isotope discrimination were carried out. The results agree with genetic divergence reported earlier, and reveal remarkably consistent variation patterns for the three types of biological traits. Historical and anthropogenic effects are discussed as causes of chestnut evolution after the Wurm glaciation and of chestnut dispersal in historical times. Particular attention is focused on probable selective forces that molded the phenotypic variation of C. sativa and lead to the observed similarity of patterns of genetic and morphophysiological levels of variation.Key words: Castanea sativa, isozymes, morphometries, carbon isotype discrimination.

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Virgona, JM, KT Hubick, HM Rawson, GD Farquhar, and RW Downes. "Genotypic Variation in Transpiration Efficiency, Carbon-Isotype Discrimination and Carbon Allocation During Early Growth in Sunflower." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 2 (1990): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900207.

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Transpiration efficiency of dry matter production (W), carbon-isotope discrimination (�) and dry matter partitioning were measured on six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes grown for 32 days in a glasshouse. Two watering regimes, one well watered (HW) and the other delivering half the water used by the HW plants (LW), were imposed. Four major results emerged from this study. (1) There was significant genotypic variation in W in sunflower and this was closely reflected in Δ for both watering treatments. (2) The low watering regime caused a decrease in Δ but no change in W; nonetheless the genotypic ranking for either Δ or W was not significantly altered by water stress. (3) A positive correlation between W and biomass accumulation occurred among genotypes of HW plants. (4) Q, the ratio of total plant carbon content to leaf area, was positively correlated with W and negatively correlated with Δ. These results are discussed with reference to the connection between transpiration efficiency and plant growth. In short, Δ can be used to select for W among young vegetative sunflower plants. However, selection for W may be accompanied by changes in other important plant growth characteristics such as Q.

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Evans, JR, TD Sharkey, JA Berry, and GD Farquhar. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination measured Concurrently with Gas Exchange to Investigate CO2 Diffusion in Leaves of Higher Plants." Functional Plant Biology 13, no. 2 (1986): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9860281.

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Conventional gas-exchange techniques that measure the stomatal conductance and rate of CO2 assimilation of leaves were combined with measurements of the carbon isotope composition of CO2 in air passing over a leaf. Isotopic discrimination during uptake was determined from the difference in the carbon isotope composition of air entering and leaving the leaf chamber. Isotopic discrimination measured over the short term correlated strongly with that determined from combusted leaf material. Environmental conditions were manipulated to alter the relative influences of stomatal conductance and carboxylation on the discrimination of carbon isotopes by intact leaves. With C3 plants, discrimination increased as the gradient in partial pressure of CO2 across the stomata decreased. For C4 plants there was little change in discrimination despite substantial changes in the diffusion gradient across the sto- mata. These results are consistent with, and provide the first direct experimental support for, theoretical equations describing discrimination during photosynthesis. Despite uncertainties about various processes affecting carbon isotope composition, the resistance to the transfer of CO2 from the intercellular airspaces to the sites of carboxylation in the mesophyll chloroplasts was estimated using this technique. For wheat the estimated resistance was 1.2-2.4 m2 s bar mol -1.

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Zámečník, J., and V. Holubec. "Heterogeneity in carbon isotope discrimination in leaves, stalks and spikes of ten annual wild Triticeae species." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6177-cjgpb.

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Montanari, Shaena. "Discrimination factors of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in meerkat feces." PeerJ 5 (June 13, 2017): e3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3436.

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Stable isotope analysis of feces can provide a non-invasive method for tracking the dietary habits of nearly any mammalian species. While fecal samples are often collected for macroscopic and genetic study, stable isotope analysis can also be applied to expand the knowledge of species-specific dietary ecology. It is somewhat unclear how digestion changes the isotope ratios of animals’ diets, so more controlled diet studies are needed. To date, most diet-to-feces controlled stable isotope experiments have been performed on herbivores, so in this study I analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in the diet and feces of the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a small omnivorous mammal. The carbon trophic discrimination factor between diet and feces (Δ13Cfeces) is calculated to be 0.1 ± 1.5‰, which is not significantly different from zero, and in turn, not different than the dietary input. On the other hand, the nitrogen trophic discrimination factor (Δ15Nfeces) is 1.5 ± 1.1‰, which is significantly different from zero, meaning it is different than the average dietary input. Based on data generated in this experiment and a review of the published literature, carbon isotopes of feces characterize diet, while nitrogen isotope ratios of feces are consistently higher than dietary inputs, meaning a discrimination factor needs to be taken into account. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of feces are an excellent snapshot of diet that can be used in concert with other analytical methods to better understand ecology, diets, and habitat use of mammals.

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Raimanová, I., P. Svoboda, G. Kurešová, and J. Haberle. "The effect of different post-anthesis water supply on the carbon isotope discrimination of winter wheat grain." Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 7 (July 24, 2016): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/118/2016-pse.

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Raczka, Brett, Henrique F. Duarte, Charles D. Koven, Daniel Ricciuto, Peter E. Thornton, John C. Lin, and David R. Bowling. "An observational constraint on stomatal function in forests: evaluating coupled carbon and water vapor exchange with carbon isotopes in the Community Land Model (CLM4.5)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2016): 5183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5183-2016.

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Abstract. Land surface models are useful tools to quantify contemporary and future climate impact on terrestrial carbon cycle processes, provided they can be appropriately constrained and tested with observations. Stable carbon isotopes of CO2 offer the potential to improve model representation of the coupled carbon and water cycles because they are strongly influenced by stomatal function. Recently, a representation of stable carbon isotope discrimination was incorporated into the Community Land Model component of the Community Earth System Model. Here, we tested the model's capability to simulate whole-forest isotope discrimination in a subalpine conifer forest at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We distinguished between isotopic behavior in response to a decrease of δ13C within atmospheric CO2 (Suess effect) vs. photosynthetic discrimination (Δcanopy), by creating a site-customized atmospheric CO2 and δ13C of CO2 time series. We implemented a seasonally varying Vcmax model calibration that best matched site observations of net CO2 carbon exchange, latent heat exchange, and biomass. The model accurately simulated observed δ13C of needle and stem tissue, but underestimated the δ13C of bulk soil carbon by 1–2 ‰. The model overestimated the multiyear (2006–2012) average Δcanopy relative to prior data-based estimates by 2–4 ‰. The amplitude of the average seasonal cycle of Δcanopy (i.e., higher in spring/fall as compared to summer) was correctly modeled but only when using a revised, fully coupled An − gs (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance) version of the model in contrast to the partially coupled An − gs version used in the default model. The model attributed most of the seasonal variation in discrimination to An, whereas interannual variation in simulated Δcanopy during the summer months was driven by stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The model simulated a 10 % increase in both photosynthetic discrimination and water-use efficiency (WUE) since 1850 which is counter to established relationships between discrimination and WUE. The isotope observations used here to constrain CLM suggest (1) the model overestimated stomatal conductance and (2) the default CLM approach to representing nitrogen limitation (partially coupled model) was not capable of reproducing observed trends in discrimination. These findings demonstrate that isotope observations can provide important information related to stomatal function driven by environmental stress from VPD and nitrogen limitation. Future versions of CLM that incorporate carbon isotope discrimination are likely to benefit from explicit inclusion of mesophyll conductance.

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Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Sharon Z. Herzka, Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki, and Juan Pablo Lazo. "Tissue-specific isotope trophic discrimination factors and turnover rates in a marine elasmobranch: empirical and modeling results." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 2012): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-172.

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There are very few studies reporting isotopic trophic discrimination factors and turnover rates for marine elasmobranchs. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic discrimination factors and isotope turnover rates for blood, liver, muscle, cartilage tissue, and fin samples of neonate to young-of-the-year leopard sharks ( Triakis semifasciata ). Trophic discrimination factors varied (0.13‰–1.98‰ for δ13C and 1.08‰–1.76‰ for δ15N). Tissues reached or were close to isotopic equilibrium to the new diet after about a threefold biomass gain and 192 days. Liver and blood exhibited faster isotope turnover than muscle, cartilage tissue, and fin samples, and carbon isotopes turned over faster than those of nitrogen. Metabolic turnover contributed substantially to isotopic turnover, which differs from most reports for young marine teleosts. We modeled the relationship between muscle turnover rates and shark size by coupling laboratory results with growth rate estimates for natural populations. Model predictions for small, medium, and large wild leopard sharks indicate the time to isotopic equilibrium is from one to several years.

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Caemmerer, Susanne von, Martha Ludwig, Anthony Millgate, Graham D. Farquhar, Dean Price, Murray Badger, and Robert T. Furbank. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination during C4 Photosynthesis: Insights from Transgenic Plants." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 4 (1997): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp97031.

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We have measured the discrimination against 13C during CO2 assimilation in Flaveria bidentis wild type plants and in transgenic Flaveria bidentis plants transformed (1) with an antisense RNA construct targeted to the nuclear encoded gene for the small subunit of Rubisco—these plants had reduced amounts of Rubisco, decreased CO2 assimilation rates and increased carbon isotope discrimination, which was also evident in the carbon isotope discrimination of leaf dry matter; and (2) transformed with the mature coding region of carbonic anhydrase, CA, from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the sense direction under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter—these plants had slightly increased CA activity in the mesophyll as well as a 2–4-fold increase in CA activity in the bundle-sheath cells. The introduction of tobacco CA manifested itself by a reduction in CO2 assimilation rate and an increase in carbon isotope discrimination. We suggest that the increased carbon isotope discrimination is a result of increased bicarbonate leakage out of the bundle sheath.

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Farquhar, G. D., J. R. Ehleringer, and K. T. Hubick. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Photosynthesis." Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 40, no. 1 (June 1989): 503–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.002443.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon isotype discrimination"

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Broadmeadow, Mark. "Stable carbon isotope discrimination in forest canopies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386693.

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Boller, Amanda J. "Stable carbon isotope discrimination by rubisco enzymes relevant to the global carbon cycle." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4291.

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Five different forms of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO; IA, IB, IC, ID, II), the carboxylase of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB), are utilized by plants, algae and autotrophic bacteria for carbon fixation. Discrimination against 13C by RubisCO is a major factor dictating the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C = {[13C/12C sample/13C/12C standard] - 1} X 1000) of biomass. To date, isotope discrimination, expressed as ε values (={[12k/13k] - 1} X 1000; 12k and 13k = rates of 12C and 13C fixation) has been measured for form IA, IB, and II RubisCOs from only a few species, with ε values ranging from 18 to 29 /. The aim of this study was to better characterize form ID and IC RubisCO enzymes, which differ substantially in primary structure from the IB enzymes present in many cyanobacteria and organisms with green plastids, by measuring isotopic discrimination and kinetic parameters (KCO2 and Vmax). Several major oceanic primary producers, including diatoms, coccolithophores, and some dinoflagellates have form ID RubisCO, while form IC RubisCO is present in many proteobacteria of ecological interest, including marine manganese-oxidizing bacteria, some nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and extremely metabolically versatile organisms such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The ε - values of the form ID RubisCO from the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi and the diatom, Skeletonema costatum (respectively 11.1 / and 18.5 /) were measured along with form IC RubisCO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Ralstonia eutropha (respectively 22.9 / and 19.0 /). Isotopic discrimination by these form ID/IC RubisCOs is low when compared to form IA/IB RubisCOs (22-29 /). Since the measured form ID RubisCOs are less selective against 13C, oceanic carbon cycle models based on 13C values may need to be reevaluated to accommodate lower ε values of RubisCOs found in major marine algae. Additionally, with further isotopic studies, the extent to which form IC RubisCO from soil microorganisms contributes to the terrestrial carbon sink may also be determined.

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Gillon, Jim. "Carbon isotope discrimination : interactions between respiration, leaf conductance and photosynthetic capacity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363893.

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Ngugi, Eliud Chege Kahiu. "The genetics of carbon isotope discrimination in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239598.

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Thomas, Phaedra. "Stable Carbon Isotope Discrimination by Form IC RubisCO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002611.

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Adiredjo, Afifuddin Latif. "Water use efficiency in sunflower : Ecophysiological and genetic approaches." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20177/1/adiredjo.pdf.

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Water use efficiency (WUE), measured as the ratio of plant biomass to water consumption, is an essential agronomical trait for enhancing crop production under drought. Measuring water consumption is logistically difficult, especially in field conditions. The general objective of the present Thesis is to respond to three main questions: (i) can WUE be determined by using carbon isotope discrimination (CID), easy to measure?, (ii) how WUE and CID variation analysis can contribute to the genotypic selection of sunflower subjected to drought?, and (iii) can WUE variation be revealed by the variation of plant-water relation traits. Four experiments were carried out in greenhouse across two different years: (i) on two drought scenarios, progressive soil drying and stable water-stress, and (ii) on five levels of soil water content. The main traits that have been measured include WUE, CID, as well as plant-water relation traits, i.e. control of transpiration (FTSWt), water extraction capacity (TTSW), and dehydration tolerance (OA). A highly significant negative correlation was observed between WUE and CID, and a wide phenotypic variability was observed for both WUE and CID. A wide variability was also observed for FTSWt, TTSW and OA. The results provide new insight into the genetic control of WUE and CID related-traits, which, unlike to other crops, genetic control of WUE, CID, and TTSW in sunflower have never been reported in the literature. Further, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for FTSWt was never reported in any plant species. The QTL for WUE and CID were identified across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID is considered as a ‘‘constitutive’’ QTL, because it is consistently detected across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID co-localized with the QTL for WUE, biomass and cumulative water transpired. Co-localization was also observed between the QTL for FTSWt and TTSW, between the QTL for TTSW and WUE-CID-biomass, as well as between the QTL for FTSWt-TTSW and biomass. This study highlights that WUE is physiologically and genetically associated with CID. CID is an excellent surrogate for WUE measurement, and can be used to improve WUE by using marker-assisted selection (MAS) to achieve the ultimate goal of plant breeding at genomic level.

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Sy, Mikaïlou. "Seed-source variation in carbon allocation and carbon isotope discrimination in juvenile black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37078.pdf.

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Mosher, Stella G. M. S. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Nitrogen Isotope Values Indicate that Increased Relative Humidity from Fog Decreases Plant Water Use Efficiency in a Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1430750042.

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Muñoz, Alejandro Matus. "Carbon isotope discrimination and indirect selection for grain yield in lentil, spring wheat and canola." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25213.pdf.

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Rajabi, Abazar. "Carbon isotope discrimination and selective breeding of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for drought tolerance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614343.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon isotype discrimination"

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Griffiths, H. "Carbon isotope discrimination." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 181–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1566-7_11.

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Griffiths, H. "Carbon isotope discrimination." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 181–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9626-3_11.

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Hall, Anthony E., Richard A. Richards, Anthony G. Condon, Graeme C. Wright, and Graham D. Farquhar. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Plant Breeding." In Plant Breeding Reviews, 81–113. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650493.ch4.

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Keefe, Dennis, and Laurens Mets. "Inheritance of Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Flaveria." In Progress in Photosynthesis Research, 633–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0516-5_134.

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Pate, John S. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Plant Water-Use Efficiency." In Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems, 19–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9841-5_2.

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McDowell, Nate G., Barbara J. Bond, Lee T. Dickman, Michael G. Ryan, and David Whitehead. "Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination." In Tree Physiology, 255–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_10.

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Ziegler, H. "Carbon- and Hydrogen-Isotope Discrimination in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism." In Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, 336–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79060-7_23.

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Barbour, Margaret M., Svetlana Ryazanova, and Guillaume Tcherkez. "Respiratory Effects on the Carbon Isotope Discrimination Near the Compensation Point." In Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 143–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_7.

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Scartazza, A., M. Lauteni, M. C. Monteverdi, A. Augusti, L. Spaccino, and E. Brugnoli. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Soluble Carbohydrates and Drought Tolerance in Upland Rice." In Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, 2569–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_603.

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Akhter, Javed, and Philippe Monneveux. "Crop Productivity and Water Use Efficiency: The Role of Carbon Isotope Discrimination Technique." In Crop Production for Agricultural Improvement, 395–416. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4116-4_15.

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