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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carbon ion therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Härtig, Martin Matthias [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäkel. "Motion Management for Carbon Ion Therapy at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center / Martin Matthias Härtig ; Betreuer: Oliver Jäkel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120091872X/34.

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2

Härtig, Martin [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäkel. "Motion Management for Carbon Ion Therapy at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center / Martin Matthias Härtig ; Betreuer: Oliver Jäkel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120091872X/34.

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3

Wieser, Hans-Peter [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Karger. "Probabilistic Treatment Planning for Carbon Ion Therapy / Hans-Peter Wieser ; Betreuer: Christian Karger." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222739607/34.

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4

Magallanes, Hernández Lorena [Verfasser], and Katia [Akademischer Betreuer] Parodi. "Low-dose ion-based transmission radiography and tomography for optimization of carbon ion-beam therapy / Lorena Magallanes Hernández ; Betreuer: Katia Parodi." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126968358/34.

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5

Chanrion, Marie-Anne. "Study and development of physical models to evaluate biological effects of ion therapy : the study of local control of prostate cancer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10304/document.

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La radiothérapie externe est un traitement anticancéreux locorégional efficace et curatif. Néanmoins, il y a toujours des malades qui meurent de tumeurs locales non-contrôlées. Les nouvelles techniques en radiothérapie visent toujours à trouver un moyen d'augmenter la dose à la tumeur tout en réduisant au minimum la dose aux tissus sains adjacents. Une des dernières techniques innovantes est l'hadronthérapie par ions carbone. Ces dix dernières années ont vu augmenter le nombre de nouveaux centres d hadronthérapie dans le monde avec des faisceaux d'ions carbone, forts des résultats promettant des projets pilotes Berkeley (USA), Chiba (Japon) et Darmstadt (Allemagne). Les avantages théoriques des ions carbone sont: une meilleure balistique et une meilleure efficacité dans la destruction des cellules tumorales. Ainsi cette technique a le potentiel d'augmenter le contrôle des tumeurs, particulièrement pour celles inopérables et radiorésistantes. Les effets biologiques varient le long de la trajectoire des ions de haut TEL (Transfert d'´Énergie Linéique) comme les ions carbone. Ainsi des modèles radiobiologiques sont nécessaires pour quantifier les effets biologiques. Il existe plusieurs modèles radiobiologiques qui reposent sur des approches et des approximations théoriques différentes. Ces modèles ont été développés au sein de chacune des institutions où se déroulaient les projets pilotes. Au stade actuel des connaissances, il semble peu probable d'atteindre une rapide convergence des résultats produits par ces différents modèles. Parmi les modèles radiobiologiques utilisés en clinique, il y a le Local Effect Model (LEM), développé en Allemagne et implémenté dans les systèmes de planification de traitement certifiés CE, le modèle de la National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS), employé dans les centres japonais d'hadronthérapie possédant un système d'irradiation passif, et le Microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM) employé dans les centres japonais d'hadronthérapie possédant un système d'irradiation actif en mode pencil beam scanning
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a therapy technique aiming at treating locoregional tumors with high efficiency. However, many tumors remain uncontrolled. Newest EBRT techniques always aim at increasing the dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Carbon-ion beam therapy is one of these promising techniques. The number of clinical centres offering carbon-ion beam radiotherapy has been increasing over the world for the last decade. This keen interest spread after very promising results from pilot projects at Berkeley (USA), Chiba (Japan) and Darmstadt (Germany). The theoretical advantages of carbon-ionsare better spatial selectivity in dose deposition and better efficiency in cell killing. They have thus the potential to increase the control of tumors, particularly for unresectable radioresistant tumors. In high linear-energy-transfer (LET) radiations, such as carbon-ion beams, biological effects vary along the ion track, hence, to quantify them, specific radiobiological models are needed. There exist several radiobiological models based on very different theoretical approaches and approximations. They were created and improved in each of the pilot institutions. At the current state of knowledge, no convergence between the model results seems to be possible in the very near future. Clinically employed radiobiological models are the Local Effect Model (LEM) developed in Germany and implemented in CE-certified treatment planning systems, the National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) model employed in Japanese centres with passive beam delivery systems and the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) in Japanese centres with active scanning beam delivery systems

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6

Dahlgren, David. "Monte Carlo simulations of Linear Energy Transfer distributions in radiation therapy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446550.

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In radiotherapy, a quantity asked for by clinics when calculating a treatment plan, along withdose, is linear energy transfer. Linear energy transfer is defined as the absorbed energy intissue per particle track length and has been shown to increase with relative biologicaleffectiveness untill the overkilling effect. In this master thesis the dose averaged linear energytransfer from proton and carbon ion beams was simulated using the FLUKA multi purposeMonte Carlo code. The simulated distributions have been compared to algorithms fromRaySearch Laboratories AB in order to investigate the agreement between the computationmethods. For the proton computation algorithm improvements to the current scoring algorithmwere also implemented. A first version of the linear energy transfer validation code was alsoconstructed. Scoring of linear energy transfer in the RaySearch algorithm was done with theproton Monte Carlo dose engine and the carbon pencil beam dose engine. The results indicatedthat the dose averaged linear energy transfer from RaySearch Laboratories agreed well for lowenergies for both proton and carbon beams. For higher energies shape differences were notedwhen using both a small and large field size. The protons, the RaySearch algorithm initiallyoverestimates the linear energy transfer which could result from fluence differences in FLUKAcompared to the RaySearch algorithm. For carbon ions, the difference could stem from someloss of information in the tables used to calculate the linear energy transfer in the RaySearchalgorithm. From validation γ-tests the proton linear energy transfer passed for (3%/3mm) and(1%/1mm) with no voxels out of tolerance. γ-tests for the carbon linear energy transfer passedwith no voxels out of tolerance for (5%/5mm) and a fail rate of 2.92% for (3%/3mm).

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7

Wolf, Moritz Ernst [Verfasser], Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Bert. "Robust optimization in 4D treatment planning for carbon ion therapy of lung tumors / Moritz Ernst Wolf ; Marco Durante, Christoph Bert." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176107615/34.

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8

Frese, Malte Christian [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Oelfke. "Potentials and Risks of Advanced Radiobiological Treatment Planning for Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy / Malte Christian Frese ; Betreuer: Uwe Oelfke." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179229266/34.

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9

Kamp, Florian [Verfasser], Jan J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wilkens, and Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer. "Uncertainties in biological dose response models and their integration in treatment planning of carbon ion therapy / Florian Kamp. Gutachter: Jan J. Wilkens ; Franz Pfeiffer. Betreuer: Jan J. Wilkens." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069127795/34.

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10

Anderle, Kristjan [Verfasser], and Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante. "In Silico Comparison of Photons versus Carbon Ions in Single Fraction Therapy of Lung Cancer / Kristjan Anderle. Betreuer: Marco Durante." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112332944/34.

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11

Bencini, Vittorio. "Design of a novel linear accelerator for carbon ion therapy." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1364636.

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Hadron therapy has been first proposed in 1946 by Robert Wilson as an advanced form of radiotherapy. Hadrons, such as protons and light ions, release the largest part of their energy in a narrow space range, called Bragg peak, allowing to target the tumor cells more precisely than photon beams. Despite this advantage, the number of proton and carbon ion therapy centers is still small compared to conventional radiotherapy. One of the reasons for this disparity can be found in the treatment costs of hadron therapy, which is three to four times higher than for conventional radiotherapy, due to the larger and more complex accelerators needed, which imply typically the construction of entirely new buildings, with the associated medical and technical personnel. The limited availability of hadron therapy has also consequences on the number of patients that can be enrolled in clinical trials, that are necessary to assess the effective clinical advantages with respect to other, less costly, therapies. The main goal in the development of hadron therapy technology is to reduce as much as possible the cost of the machines, by proposing smaller and more efficient solutions, easing the access to this treatment. Proton therapy has already moved in this direction, bringing the accelerator technology to industrialization and offering compact turn-key solutions that reduce the cost gap with respect to radiotherapy. The few carbon ion centers worldwide, on the contrary, are still based on bespoke solutions: the development of carbon ion machines is still carried out, in most of the cases, in the framework of research laboratories and is far from the industrialization step needed to improve the accessibility to the service. Synchrotrons are the only technology used in carbon ion therapy centers. However, in the past years, the idea of using linear accelerators has been developed, initially for proton therapy, due to the advantages it would bring in terms of costs and therapeutic beam quality. At present, there are worldwide two medical proton linacs being commissioned, while linacs for carbon ions are still at a conceptual stage in a handful of research centers. The general purpose of this thesis work is to propose the beam dynamics design of a 3 GHz linear accelerator for carbon ion therapy from the pre-injector, based on the pioneering work done at the European Organization fro Nuclear Research (CERN) on a proton machine, to the very end of the linac.

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12

Butkus, Michael Patrick. "Determination of Dose From Light Charged Ions Relevant to Hadron Therapy Using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9861.

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In conventional radiotherapy for tumor treatment, photons are used to impart an energetic dose inside a tumor with the goal of killing the cancerous cells. This process is intrinsically inefficient due to the fact that photons lose their energy exponentially with depth causing the highest dose to occur in overlying healthy tissue. However, charged particles with a mass of 1 amu or greater lose their energy in a manner that allows for a high dose to be localized at significant depth. The area of high dose localization is known as the Bragg Peak. Exploitation of the Bragg Peak could lead to more efficient non-invasive treatment plans by reducing the dose in healthy tissues. Using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS), the dose and fragmentation particles from ions of 1H, 4He, 7Li, 12C, 16O, and 20Ne were found at varying depths in a water phantom. A water filled cylindrical phantom with a radius of 10 cm was used to mimic a human body. The energy of each ion was selected so that the Bragg Peak would occur approximately 10 cm into the depth of the water phantom where a 1 cm radius water sphere was placed to simulate a solid tumor. Dose equivalent localization rates within the tumor were found to be 14.5, 36.5, 45.7, 49.5, 41.3, and 34.1 percent for 1H, 4He, 7Li, 12C, 16O, and 20Ne, respectively. The percentage of dose within the tumor increased with increasing atomic number up to 12C, decreasing thereafter. The total dose distal from the tumor ranged from 0.1, 0.9, 2.8, 0.9, 0.5, and 0.6 percent for the ions ordered by their masses. Complementing its high dose in the tumor, carbon was seen to experience the lowest amount of dose escaping due to fragmentation and scattering, on a dose normalized basis.

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13

Curtis, Keel Brandon. "Computer Simulation and Comparison of Proton and Carbon Ion Treatment of Tumor Cells Using Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8689.

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Charged particle beams are an increasingly common method of cancer treatment. Because of their Bragg peak dose distribution, protons are an effective way to deliver a dose to the tumor, while minimizing the dose to surrounding tissue. Charged particles with greater mass and higher charge than protons have an even sharper Bragg peak and a higher Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), allowing a greater dose to be delivered to the tumor and sparing healthy tissue. Since carbon ions are being implemented for treatment in Europe and Japan, this study will focus on carbon as the heavier ion of choice. Comparisons are drawn between moderated and unmoderated protons and carbon ions, all of which have a penetration depth of 10 cm in tissue. Scattering off the beam line, dose delivered in front of and behind the tumor, and overall dose mapping are examined, along with fragmentation of the carbon ions. It was found that fragmentation of the carbon ion beam introduced serious problems in terms of controlling the dose distribution. The dose to areas behind the tumor was significantly higher for carbon ions versus proton beams. For both protons and carbon ions, the use of a moderator increased the scattering off of the beam line, and slightly increased the dose behind the tumor. For carbon ions, the use of a moderator increased the degree of fragmentation throughout the beam path.

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14

Wolf, Moritz Ernst. "Robust optimization in 4D treatment planning for carbon ion therapy of lung tumors." Phd thesis, 2018. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/8354/1/phd_thesis_mowolf_final_publish.pdf.

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Particle therapy (PT) with scanned carbon ions has been shown to improve the treatment of stage IV lung cancer patients through reduced dose exposure of critical organs. In order to maximize this effect, the application of intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) is needed. However, PT is particularly susceptible to internal dose gradients due to its range dependence. This challenge is exacerbated in the presence of organ motion. Both, motion and internal dose gradients, can be addressed by dedicated robust 4D optimization strategies. In addition, as IMPT needs congruent target volumes, only robust 4D optimization can incorporate field-specific range uncertainties and motion-induced range changes. Hence, a ’worst-case’ method was implemented into GSI’s in-house treatment planning system TRiP4D and adapted for different 4D optimization strategies, accounting for setup and range uncertainties. The uncertainty scenarios of robust optimization increase the required computer memory, especially when also motion states are explicitly considered, as for robust 4D ITV optimization. Several strategies to reduce problem size and to increase the computation speed were implemented and tested, such as splitting the optimization matrix by dose contribution or randomized voxel subsampling. Plan robustness was tested by performing robustness analysis, where dose distributions were calculated for a variety of uncertainty scenarios. By creating the superposition of patient setup errors with particle range changes, uncertainty scenarios beyond the ones already used in the optimization were tested. In a patient study with 8 complex lung cancer patients, it was possible to increase plan robustness in the majority of patients using robust optimization. For conventional optimization, especially the dose volume exposure of the smaller airways (SA) became a limiting factor. Using the same 4D ITV planning strategy but with robust optimization enabled the OAR constraint for the SA to be fulfilled in 98.8 % of the cases, up from 79.8 % for conventional optimization. It is to note, that this increase in robustness could mean sacrificing target coverage in some patients. Furthermore, a robust implementation of conformal 4D optimization was developed, based on a library of treatment plans for each motion phase of a 4DCT. The reduction of irradiated volume considerably improved OAR exposure, but increased the need for robust optimization even further in order to maintain robustness against deviations of the delivered dose distribution from the planned dose distribution. For a lung cancer patient with large tumor motion, the robust conformal 4D optimization method could be shown to generate treatment plans with increased robustness against range and setup errors. As a result of the increased robustness, target coverage could be increased and dose exposure to the OARs could be decreased at the same time. In conclusion, both robust optimization methods for 4D treatment planning in PT yield promising results, generating new options for robust, safe intensity modulated particle therapy and thus beneficial treatment plans for lung cancer patients.

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15

Lai, Bo-Lun, and 賴柏倫. "Radiation Field Characterization and Shielding Studies on Proton, Carbon-ion, and Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Facilities." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/597apf.

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16

Qamhiyeh, Sima [Verfasser]. "A Monte Carlo study of the accuracy of CT-numbers for range calculations in carbon ion therapy / presented by Sima Qamhiyeh." 2007. http://d-nb.info/984390839/34.

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17

von, Neubeck Cläre. "Radiobiological experiments for carbon ion prostate cancer therapy: Interplay of normal and tumor cells in co-culture and measurement of the oxygen enhancement ratio." Phd thesis, 2009. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1973/1/Cl%C3%A4re_PhD.pdf.

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Co-culture models are helpful to examine cell to cell interactions in vitro and to assess the cross-communication between two particular cell populations. Co-culture systems partially reflect the complex in vivo situation: in this study an in vitro co-culture model of prostate cancer cells {(Dunning R-3327-AT-1)} and small intestine cells {(intestinal epithelium cell line 6)} of the rat was established to simulate the carbon ion treatment of prostate cancer patient at GSI. Both cell lines were characterized in mono-cultures for their radio-biological response against 250 kVp x-rays and carbon ions of 270 MeV/u, 100 MeV/u, and 11.4 MeV/u, respectively. The parameters of the linear quadratic model, alpha and beta, for cell survival curves were determined as well as the relative biological effectiveness {(RBE)}. The measured RBE values were compared to calculations of the local effect model and were in agreement with the calculations. The RBEalpha increased stronger for the more radio-resistant prostate cancer cell line than for the epithelium cell line. The survival of unirradiated and irradiated cells from co-culture {(250 kVp x-rays, 100 MeV/u and 11.4 MeV/u carbon ions)} was compared to mono-cultures under the same conditions. The measured effects were attributed to irradiation independent as well as irradiation dependent factors. To study these effects, the inflammatory cytokines TGFbeta, TNFalpha, and IL-2 were analyzed, but their secretion was independent of radiation. To study the problem of hypoxic cells in tumor treatment a hypoxia chamber was developed in which cells were grown under defined oxygen status. Prostate cancer cells were irradiated with 250 kVp x-rays and carbon ions with a mean LET of 100 keV/µm under oxic and hypoxic conditions. The oxygen enhancement ratios for 10\% survival were found to be OER 2.35 for x-rays and 1.5 for carbon ions. The results of the co-culture model and the experiments under defined oxygen status are discussed in relation to ongoing prostate cancer therapy.

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18

Neubeck, Cläre von [Verfasser]. "Radiobiological experiments for carbon ion prostate cancer therapy : interplay of normal and tumor cells in co-culture and measurement of the oxygen enhancement ratio / von Cläre von Neubeck." 2009. http://d-nb.info/999116827/34.

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19

Anderle, Kristjan. "In Silico Comparison of Photons versus Carbon Ions in Single Fraction Therapy of Lung Cancer." Phd thesis, 2016. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/5567/1/main.pdf.

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Stereotactic body image guided radiation therapy (SBRT) shows excellent results for the local control of early stage lung cancer. However, not all patients are eligible for SBRT, and advanced stage treatment is less successful and often associated with severe side effects. Scanned carbon ion therapy (PT) can deliver more conformal dose likely benefiting these patient groups. Therefore an \textit{in silico} trial was conducted on early and advanced stage patients to identify potential advantages of PT. The patients were treated with SBRT at Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon (Portugal). PT plans were simulated on 4DCTs, and rescanning was investigated for motion mitigation in 4D-dose calculations. A dedicated strategy for 4D intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) was developed and applied for advanced stage patients with multiple lesions. For clinically valid and reliable results the deformable image registration - necessary for 4D-dose calculation - a quality assurance tool was developed and applied in the study. The results showed that target coverage was comparable in SBRT and PT, while PT delivered significantly lower doses to most critical structures, especially the heart, lungs, and esophagus. A highly complex case of advanced stage lung cancer could be treated in a single fraction of 24~Gy with PT, while SBRT could not deliver the full ablative dose treatment due to an excessive heart dose. The mean heart dose was reduced from 10~Gy to 0.8~Gy with PT for this specific patient.

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20

Rahm, Johannes Martin. "Measurement of the stopping power of water for carbon ions in the energy range of 1 MeV - 6 MeV using the inverted Doppler–shift attenuation method." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7CCE-6.

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