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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon fibre'
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1
Lin, Jeng-Shyong. "Study of Interfacial Bonding Between Epoxy Matrix and Polypyrrole-Deposited Carbon Fibres." Polymers and Polymer Composites 8, no. 2 (February 2000): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391120000802107.
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Polypyrrole (PPy) was deposited onto carbon fibres via continuous electrochemical deposition (ECD) to improve the interfacial bonding to an epoxy matrix. In addition, heat shock was applied to the polypyrrole-deposited fibre. The specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength measurement, interlaminar shear stress (lLSS) tests, and critical fihre length determination. The results show that the highest interfacial honding between carbon fibre and epoxy resin was achieved with a current density of 80 mA/cm2 and using tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. After ECD treatment of carbon fibre, the ILSS can be increased by 50% and the critical fihre length can be reduced by 34%.
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Zhao, Guanghui, Jijia Zhong, and Y. X. Zhang. "Research Progress on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666181213091233.
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Background: Short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites have many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, low cost, short fabrication time and easy manufacturing. Researches on the mechanical performance of the composites are mainly carried out by means of experimental techniques and numerical calculation. Objective: The study aims to report the latest progress in the studies of mechanical properties of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Methods: Based on recently published patents and journal papers, the experimental studies of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites are reviewed and the effects of short carbon fibre on the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Numerical studies using representative volume element in simulating macroscopic mechanical properties of the short fibre reinforced composites are also reviewed. Finally, future research of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites is proposed. Results: Experimental techniques, experimental results and numerical simulating methods are discussed. Conclusion: Mechanical properties of epoxy can be improved by adding short carbon fibres. Fiber surface treatment and matrix modification are effective in enhancing interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, and as a result, better mechanical performance is achieved. Compared to the studies on equivalent mechanical properties of the composites, researches on the micro-mechanism of interaction between fiber and matrix are still in infancy due to the complexity of both the internal structure and reinforcing mechanism.
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Xiao, Jie, Han Shi, Lei Tao, Liangliang Qi, Wei Min, Hui Zhang, Muhuo Yu, and Zeyu Sun. "Effect of Fibres on the Failure Mechanism of Composite Tubes under Low-Velocity Impact." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 4143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184143.
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Filament-wound composite tubular structures are frequently used in transmission systems, pressure vessels, and sports equipment. In this study, the failure mechanism of composite tubes reinforced with different fibres under low-velocity impact (LVI) and the radial residual compression performance of the impacted composite tubes were investigated. Four fibres, including carbon fiber-T800, carbon fiber-T700, basalt fibre, and glass fibre, were used to fabricate the composite tubes by the winding process. The internal matrix/fibre interface of the composite tubes before the LVI and their failure mechanism after the LVI were investigated by scanning electric microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography, respectively. The results showed that the composite tubes mainly fractured through the delamination and fibre breakage damage under the impact of 15 J energy. Delamination and localized fibre breakage occur in the glass fibre-reinforced composite (GFRP) and basalt fibre-reinforced composite (BFRP) tubes when subjected to LVI. While fibre breakage damage occurs globally in the carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRP) tubes. The GFRP tube showed the best impact resistance among all the tubes investigated. The basalt fibre-reinforced composite (BFRP) tube exhibited the lowest structural impact resistance. The impact resistance of the CFRP-T700 and CFRP-T800 tube differed slightly. The radial residual compression strength (R-RCS) of the BFRP tube is not sensitive to the impact, while that of the GFRP tube is shown to be highly sensitive to the impact.
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Bakar, Mimi Azlina Abu, Sahrim Ahmad, Wahyu Kuntjoro, and Salmiah Kasolang. "Effect of Carbon Fibre Ratio to the Impact Properties of Hybrid Kenaf/Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.136.
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Effects of the incorporation of untreated and treated hybrid kenaf/carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites on the impact properties were studied. Hybrid kenaf/carbon fibres and thermoset matrices were hand-laid up and characterized in terms of its mechanical properties. The kenaf fibres were alkali treated whilst the carbon fibres were gamma radiation treated before use as reinforcement in the epoxy resin matrix. The reinforcing effects of kenaf hybridized with carbon fibre in epoxy composites were evaluated at various fibre loadings with overall fibre contents 20 wt%. Hybrid composites with different ratios of kenaf fibre : carbon fibre ; 0.9:0.1, 0.8:0.2, 0.7:0.3 and 0.6:0.4 were prepared. Impact tests of untreated and treated hybrid kenaf/carbon fibres were performed. The fractured surfaces of these composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopic technique (SEM) to determine the interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fibre reinforcement. It was found that the treated hybrid composites increased the impact strength by 26% compared to the untreated ones.
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Tanaka, Kazuto, Takanobu Nishikawa, Kazuhiro Aoto, and Tsutao Katayama. "Effect of Carbon Nanotube Deposition Time to the Surface of Carbon Fibres on Flexural Strength of Resistance Welded Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics Using Carbon Nanotube Grafted Carbon Fibre as Heating Element." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3010009.
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In recent years, carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) are expected to be used as lightweight structural materials for mass-produced vehicles. CFRTP with thermoplastics as matrix allows us to weld them using melting of matrix by heating. We have been developing a direct resistance heating method, which uses carbon fibres as the resistance heating element. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is expected to be used as additive to FRP and we reported that the fibre/matrix interfacial shear strength was improved by grafting CNT on the surface of carbon fibres and tensile lap-shear strength was improved by using CNT grafted carbon fibre as the heating element for welding. For the practical use of CFRTP for structural parts, flexural strength is also necessary to be evaluated. In this study, flexural test was carried out to clarify the effect of CNT deposition time to the surface of carbon fibres on flexural strength of resistance welded CFRTP using CNT grafted carbon fibre as the heating element. The highest flexural strength was obtained when CNT10, for which CNT is grafted on the carbon fibres for deposition time of 10 min, was used for the heating element of resistance welding. In the case of CNT deposition time of 60 min, the lowest flexural strength was obtained because of the poor impregnation of the resin into the carbon fibre due to the excess CNT on the carbon fibres.
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Hengstermann, Martin, Karl Kopelmann, Andreas Nocke, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibres for high-performance composites: Part IV: Measurement of recycled carbon fibre length." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502091072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020910729.
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Due to the increasing application of carbon fibre–reinforced plastics, the use of recycled carbon fibres can help reduce the tremendous amount of carbon fibre waste growing worldwide. In this context, the processing of longer recycled carbon fibres (>40 mm mean length) into hybrid yarn constructions offers a promising solution. The characterisation of recycled carbon fibre length is essential for textile processes. However, to suit the atypical fibre characteristics of recycled carbon fibres compared to standard natural or man-made-fibres, the development of an adequate measuring technique is required. Investigations on the state of the art suggest that an adapted fibrograph method might pose an appropriate measuring system. Therefore, new test equipment and an alternative image analysing method based on pixel greyscale values were developed. To enable a calibration process, different samples with cut carbon fibre from carded and drafted slivers were intensively tested and compared. In addition, an adapted reference method was investigated by combining single fibre measurement and image processing techniques. In a final step, recycled carbon fibres samples with unknown fibre length were tested. Results proved that the presented measuring system is adequate for the testing of longer recycled carbon fibres in webs or slivers. All measured values were close to the measured reference length values (deviation ±4%).
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SINGH, A. K., MUKESH KUMAR, and S. MITRA. "Carbon footprint and energy use in jute and allied fibre production." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 8 (August 21, 2018): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i8.82579.
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The study examines carbon and energy footprints of jute, kenaf, sunnhemp and flax fibre production systems. Energy productivity was lowest in flax fibre production as compared to other fibre crops. Flax fibre production consumed more chemical fertilizer, diesels, pesticides and seed energy in comparison to other fibre crops. The carbon footprints of the all fibres crops did not differ significantly and were in the order of 566, 520, 445 and 423 kg CO2-eq/tonne of fibre for jute, flax, kenaf and sunnhemp, respectively. The carbon based sustainability index for jute (2.27) and kenaf (2.07) were highest due to better carbon use efficiency. Sustainability index of flax was negative (-0.67) due to higher carbon emission. Fertilization and fibre processing contributed most to GHG emissions. Overall, the carbon footprint of bast fibres was 20–50% lower than that of synthetic/artificial fibres.
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Li, J. "Interfacial features of polyamide 6 composites filled with oxidation modified carbon fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 9 (May 22, 2009): 2135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1402.
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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibres were surface treated by ozone modification method and air-oxidation treatment. The interfacial properties of carbon fibre reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) composites were investigated by means of the single fibre pull-out tests. The surface characteristics of carbon fibres were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result, it was found that interfacial shear strength values of the composites with ozone-treated carbon fibre are greatly increased. XPS results show that ozone treatment increases the amount of carboxyl groups on the carbon fibre surface, thus the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibre and PA6 matrix is effectively promoted. The effect of surface treatment of carbon fibres on the tribological properties of CF/PA6 composites was comparatively investigated. Experimental results revealed that surface treatment can effectively improve the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibre and PA6 matrix. Thus the wear resistance was significantly improved.
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SHEWALE, JITESH, Chandrashekhar Choudhari, and Anil Kumar Singh Bankoti. "Carbon and natural fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composite: Processes, applications, and challenges." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 8873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.10.15282.16.2.2022.06.0702.
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Composites have recently emerged as the ideal material for weight reduction in a wide range of technical applications. Hybrid composites offer special properties that enable them to meet a wide range of design objectives more efficiently and affordably than conventional composites. Natural fiber-based hybrid composites are also less damaging to the environment and have a reduced carbon footprint. The hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres can substantially minimise the problems associated with natural fibre composites, since the advantages of one kind of fibre can outweigh the disadvantages of another. Several research have been carried out to investigate the different characteristics of carbon-natural fibre reinforced hybrid composites and to evaluate their suitability for a variety of technological applications. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the materials and manufacturing processes currently utilised to fabricate carbon-natural fibre reinforced hybrid composites. This paper also attempts to discuss the reported mechanical, damping, and other characteristics of the resultant hybrid composites. This article provides a factual overview of the development accomplished so far in the field of hybrid composites constructed from carbon-natural fibres.
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MC, Nandini. "Studies on Mechanical and Flexural Strength of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with Hemp/Vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Laminated Hybrid Composite." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38035.
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Abstract: In Recent days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Among various fibres, Hemp is most widely used natural fibre due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and satisfactory mechanical properties. Composite materials play a vital role in the field of materials to meet the stringent demands of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and near-net shapes. Composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Composites are having two phases that are reinforcing phase like fiber, particle, or flakes & matrix phase like polymers, metals, and ceramics. In this project an attempt is made to prepare different combination of composite materials using hemp/carbon fiber and Carbon nano tube reinforcement and vinyl ester as the matrix material respectively. Composites were prepared according to ASTM standards and following test are carried out Tensile, Flexural and ILSS test. The effect of addition of Carbon nano tubes in hemp/vinyl ester/carbon fibers has been studied & it has been observed that there is a significant effect of fibre loading and performance of hemp/carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester based hybrid composites with improved results Keywords: Hemp fiber, Vinyl ester, Carbon fiber, Tensile, Flexural and ILSS Test
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Wang, Peng. "Research on the Design and Use of Structures and Components Made from Fibre Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.782.
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Fibres composite materials designed as glass fibre, carbon fibre and aramid fibre. They were used for chemical resistance, compressive strength, stiffness, impact resistance, and fire resistance. However, they had a number of limitations, including vandalism, accidental damage, short-term durability, high cost, and suitably qualified staff shortage. These problems could be solved by appropriate monitoring, suitably qualified designers and contractors. The design and use of fibre composite materials has become an important aspect of engineering.
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Salahuddin, Bidita, Shaikh N. Faisal, Tajwar A. Baigh, Mohammed N. Alghamdi, Mohammad S. Islam, Bing Song, Xi Zhang, Shuai Gao, and Shazed Aziz. "Carbonaceous Materials Coated Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162771.
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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites have high mechanical properties that make them exemplary engineered materials to carry loads and stresses. Coupling fibre and matrix together require good understanding of not only fibre morphology but also matrix rheology. One way of having a strongly coupled fibre and matrix interface is to size the reinforcing fibres by means of micro- or nanocarbon materials coating on the fibre surface. Common coating materials used are carbon nanotubes and nanofibres and graphene, and more recently carbon black (colloidal particles of virtually pure elemental carbon) and graphite. There are several chemical, thermal, and electrochemical processes that are used for coating the carbonous materials onto a carbon fibre surface. Sizing of fibres provides higher interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix and allows better fibre wetting by the surrounded matrix material. This review paper goes over numerous techniques that are used for engineering the interface between both fibre and matrix systems, which is eventually the key to better mechanical properties of the composite systems.
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R. Saravanakumar, M. Nitin, K. Malai Prabhu, and S. P. Hariharan. "An Analysis of Structural Rehabilitation and Repair Projects Involving Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 2 (July 3, 2024): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.06.242541.
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Since plain concrete is brittle by nature, the flexural and split tensile strengths developed must be taken into consideration. Plain concrete is robust in solidity; nevertheless, with feeble cutting-edge tautness. Numerous fibres are commonly utilized in the construction sector to enhance concrete's flexural strength, ductile strength and durability properties. The great tensile strength of steel fiber makes it the fiber of choice for usage in the building industry. However, steel fibre has some disadvantages, including a propensity for corrosion. Carbon fibre is a promising substitute for fiber-reinforced concrete when compared to other fibers due to its corrosion resistance, low density, and superior tensile strength. According to the evaluation work conducted by numerous reviewers, carbon has only very few applications. This study gives an overview of carbon fiber, its structural uses in restoration and repair projects and the various characteristics of fiber-reinforced concrete with carbon. The strength, toughness, and flexural properties of carbon fiber as well as the feasibility research on repair and rehabilitation work using various carbon fibers have been reviewed.
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Boulanghien, M., M. R’Mili, G. Bernhart, F. Berthet, and Y. Soudais. "Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8630232.
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The recent development of technologies for recycling carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) leads to the need to evaluate the mechanical response of recycled carbon fibres. As these fibres are likely to be degraded during the recycling treatment, it is very important to determine their tensile residual properties so as to evaluate their ability as reinforcement for new composite materials. Carbon fibres reclaimed by a steam-thermal treatment applied to degrade the epoxy resin matrix of a CFRP are here analysed. Two conditions were chosen so as to reach two degradation efficiency levels of the steam thermolysis. Several carbon fibre samples were selected for mechanical testing carried out either on single filaments using single fibre tensile tests or on fibre tows using bundle tensile tests. It is shown that the single fibre tensile test leads to a wide variability of statistical parameters derived from the analysis. Bundle tensile tests results were able to indicate that fibre strength of recycled carbon fibre is similar to corresponding as-received carbon fibres thanks to a statistically relevant database. Wide number of tested filaments enabled indeed to obtain low scatters.
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Zhang, Zhiwei. "Recovery and reuse of thermosetting carbon fibre reinforced composites." Applied and Computational Engineering 60, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/60/20240859.
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With the widespread application of carbon fibre composites in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and construction, recycling and reusing these materials have become crucial for reducing environmental impact and resource waste. This article summarises the potential of recycled carbon fibres in additive manufacturing by describing the main techniques, tools, and benefits and drawbacks of mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling of carbon fibre composites. Notably, oxidation in air at 400450C for 15-20 minutes can greatly improve the tensile characteristics of thermally treated carbon fibres, offering promise for thermal recycling. In terms of chemical recycling, using recyclable subcritical and supercritical fluids can improve carbon fibre recovery rates and result in smoother-surfaced, higher-performing fibres. Additionally, recycled carbon fibres show potential in additive manufacturing due to their lightweight, high strength, and high stiffness. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the widespread use of carbon fibre composites across industries by providing an overview of carbon fibre recycling methods. Research and innovation in this field are crucial for sustainability and the circular economy.
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Zweifel, Lucian, Julian Kupski, Clemens Dransfeld, Baris Caglar, Stephan Baz, Damian Cessario, Götz T. Gresser, and Christian Brauner. "Multiscale Characterisation of Staple Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 11 (November 6, 2023): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110465.
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The aim of this study was to characterise the microstructural organisation of staple carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites and to investigate their mechanical properties. Conventionally, fibre-reinforced materials are manufactured using continuous fibres. However, discontinuous fibres are crucial for developing sustainable structural second-life applications. Specifically, aligning staple fibres into yarn or tape-like structures enables similar usage to continuous fibre-based products. Understanding the effects of fibre orientation, fibre length, and compaction on mechanical performance can facilitate the fibres’ use as standard engineering materials. This study employed methods ranging from microscale to macroscale, such as image analysis, X-ray computed tomography, and mechanical testing, to quantify the microstructural organisations resulting from different alignment processing methods. These results were compared with the results of mechanical tests to validate and comprehend the relationship between fibre alignment and strength. The results show a significant influence of alignment on fibre orientation distribution, fibre volume fraction, tortuosity, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, different characteristics of the staple fibre tapes were identified and attributed to kinematic effects during movement of the sliver alignment unit, resulting in varying tape thicknesses and fuzzy surfaces.
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Tanaka, Kazuto, Kanako Yamada, Yoshitake Hinoue, and Tsutao Katayama. "Influence of Unsizing and Carbon Nanotube Grafting of Carbon Fibre on Fibre Matrix Interfacial Shear Strength of Carbon Fibre and Polyamide 6." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.178.
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Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics (CFRTP) are expected to be applied to the automotive industry instead of CFRP which require curing time, due to the expected short production cycle time of CFRTP, which is using thermoplastic as a matrix. We reported that the grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the carbon fibre improves the fibre matrix interfacial shear strength. In our process to graft CNTs on carbon fibre, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method was used and Ni, which was used as the catalyst, was electrically plated onto carbon fibres. Since commercially available carbon fibre was sized, which may affect the plating behaviour of Ni, the effects of sizing agents on CNT deposition have to be clarified. In this study, Ni for catalytic metal was plated by electrolytic plating using a watt bath on spread PAN-based carbon fibre and unsized carbon fibre, and the influence of the sizing agent to the distribution of Ni was evaluated. The morphological observation of carbon fibre and single fibre pull-out test were conducted to clarify the influence of sizing agent on the CNT deposition and the interfacial shear strength between the CNT grafted carbon fibre and Polyamide 6 (PA6). Uniform distribution of small sized Ni particles can be obtained on unsized carbon fibre and uniform Ni particles results in uniform CNT distribution. The CNT grafted unsized carbon fibre showed higher interfacial shear strength with PA6 than that of sized carbon fibre.
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Feih, S., and A. P. Mouritz. "Tensile properties of carbon fibres and carbon fibre–polymer composites in fire." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 43, no. 5 (May 2012): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.06.016.
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Isa, Amiruddin, Norlin Nosbi, Mokhtar Che Ismail, Hazizan Md Akil, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali, and Mohd Firdaus Omar. "A Review on Recycling of Carbon Fibres: Methods to Reinforce and Expected Fibre Composite Degradations." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144991.
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Carbon fibres are widely used in modern industrial applications as they are high-strength, light in weight and more reliable than other materials. The increase in the usage of carbon fibres has led to the production of a significant amount of waste. This has become a global issue because valuable carbon fibre waste ends up in landfill. A few initiatives have been undertaken by several researchers to recycle carbon fibre waste; however, the properties of this recycled material are expected to be worse than those of virgin carbon fibre. The incorporation of polymers, nanoparticles and other hybrid materials could enhance the overall properties of recycled carbon fibre waste. However, the degradation of fibre composites is expected to occur when the material is exposed to certain conditions and environments. The study of fibre composite degradation is crucial to enhance their properties, strength, safety and durability for future applications.
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Tse, Barbara, Xueli Yu, Hugh Gong, and Constantinos Soutis. "Flexural Properties of Wet-Laid Hybrid Nonwoven Recycled Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites in Poly-Lactic Acid Matrix." Aerospace 5, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5040120.
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Recycling carbon fibre is crucial in the reduction of waste from the increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced composites in industry. The reclaimed fibres, however, are usually short and discontinuous as opposed to the continuous virgin carbon fibre. In this work, short recycled carbon fibres (rCF) were mixed with flax and poly-lactic acid (PLA) fibres acting as the matrix to form nonwoven mats through wet-laying. The mats were compression moulded to produce composites with different ratios of rCF and flax fibre in the PLA matrix. Their flexural behaviour was examined through three-point-bending tests, and their morphological properties were characterised with scanning electron and optical microscopes. Experimental data showed that the flexural properties increased with higher rCF content, with the maximum being a flexural modulus of approximately 14 GPa and flexural strength of 203 MPa with a fibre volume fraction of 75% rCF and 25% flax fibre. The intimate mixing of the fibres contributed to a lesser reduction of flexural properties when increasing the flax fibre content.
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Keryvin, Vincent, and Adrien Marchandise. "The Non-Linear Elasticity of Unidirectional Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites and of Carbon Fibres." Materials 17, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010034.
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A database of non-linear elastic parameters in axial tension and compression is provided for continuous carbon fibre polymer composites and carbon fibres of different stiffnesses. Composite laminates manufactured by conventional or automated processes are tested in bending, and parameters are extracted for strains of less than 0.5%. While fibre composites with fibres of standard and intermediate moduli exhibit a stiffening of ∼15 GPa/% (of strain) and a softening of ∼20 GPa/%, those with high-modulus carbon fibres exhibit much higher values of ∼50 GPa/% for both. This database is useful for designing composite structures in a stiffness-based design and for correlating the processing of carbon fibres with their nanostructure and induced properties. The latter is discussed in terms of reorientation of crystallites of graphene sheets vis-à-vis the carbon fibre axis during loading.
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Andreas, Roy, Uyi Sulaeman, and Tien Setyaningtyas. "PEMANFAATAN KARBON SABUT KELAPA TERIMPREGNASI UNTUK MENGURANGI TEMBAGA(II) DALAM MEDIUM AIR." Molekul 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2008.3.2.53.
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This research is conducted to produce carbons from coconut fibre which approach to activated carbon clause continue with carbon surface modification and the adsorption examination to Cu(II) ions. The research consist of several phase. Carbon making of coconut fibre conducted by carbonization processes at 320-400oC with temperature interval 20oC. Carbon yielded in characterized moisture content, ash content and its adsoprtion to iodium. The carbon surface modification conducted by loaded 2-mercaptobenzotiazol (MBT) on carbon. The adsorpsibility of carbon-MBT tested by influence of contact time, pH, and the isoterm adsorption pattern. The result of the study showed carbonization of coconut fibre which approach the requirement of SII No.0258-89 gained at temperature 320oC. In the present study equilibrium time of 10 minute and pH was found to be optimum for both adsorbent. While type of isothermal adsorption from carban and carbon-MBT adsorbent followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern.
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More, Florence More Dattu Shanker, and Senthil Selvan Subramanian. "Impact of Fibres on the Mechanical and Durable Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091436.
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Numerous studies have been conducted recently on fibre reinforced concrete (FRC), a material that is frequently utilized in the building sector. The utilization of FRC has grown in relevance recently due to its enhanced mechanical qualities over normal concrete. Due to increased environmental degradation in recent years, natural fibres were developed and research is underway with the goal of implementing them in the construction industry. In this work, several natural and artificial fibres, including glass, carbon, steel, jute, coir, and sisal fibres are used to experimentally investigate the mechanical and durability properties of fibre-reinforced concrete. The fibres were added to the M40 concrete mix with a volumetric ratio of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The compressive strength of the conventional concrete and fibre reinforced concrete with the addition of 1.5% steel, 1.5% carbon, 1.0% glass, 2.0% coir, 1.5% jute and 1.5% sisal fibres were 4.2 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2, 41.5 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2, 46.6 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2 and 45.9 N/mm2, respectively. Comparing steel fibre reinforced concrete to regular concrete results in a 13.69% improvement in compressive strength. Similarly, the compressive strengths were increased by 3.24%, 13.69%, 15.92%, 13.68% and 14.18% for carbon, glass, coir, jute, and sisal fibre reinforced concrete respectively when equated with plain concrete. With the optimum fraction of fibre reinforced concrete, mechanical and durability qualities were experimentally investigated. A variety of durability conditions, including the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test, water absorption, porosity, sorptivity, acid attack, alkali attack, and sulphate attack, were used to study the behaviour of fiber reinforced concrete. When compared to conventional concrete, natural fibre reinforced concrete was found to have higher water absorption and sorptivity. The rate of acid and chloride attacks on concrete reinforced with natural fibres was significantly high. The artificial fibre reinforced concrete was found to be more efficient than the natural fibre reinforced concrete. The load bearing capacity, anchorage and the ductility of the concrete improved with the addition of fibres. According to the experimental findings, artificial fibre reinforced concrete can be employed to increase the structure’s strength and longevity as well as to postpone the propagation of cracks. A microstructural analysis of concrete was conducted to ascertain its morphological characteristics.
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Kamps, Jan Henk, Luke Henderson, Christina Scheffler, Ruud van der Heijden, Frank Simon, Teena Bonizzi, and Nikhil Verghese. "Electrolytic Surface Treatment for Improved Adhesion between Carbon Fibre and Polycarbonate." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112253.
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To achieve good mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polycarbonate composites, the fibre-matrix adhesion must be dialled to an optimum level. The electrolytic surface treatment of carbon fibres during their production is one of the possible means of adapting the surface characteristics of the fibres. The production of a range of tailored fibres with varying surface treatments (adjusting the current, potential, and conductivity) was followed by contact angle, inverse gas chromatography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, which revealed a significant increase in polarity and hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitrile groups on the fibre surface. Accordingly, an increase in the fibre-matrix interaction indicated by a higher interfacial shear strength was observed with the single fibre pull-out force-displacement curves. The statistical analysis identified the correlation between the process settings, fibre surface characteristics, and the performance of the fibres during single fibre pull-out testing.
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Limburg, Marco, Jan Stockschläder, and Peter Quicker. "Thermal treatment of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (Part 1: Recycling)." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 1_suppl (January 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18820251.
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The increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers requires suitable disposing and recycling options, the latter being especially attractive due to the high production cost of the material. Reclaiming the fibres from their polymer matrix however is not without challenges. Pyrolysis leads to a decay of the polymer matrix but may also leave solid carbon residues on the fibre. These residues prevent fibre sizing and thereby reuse in new materials. In state of the art, these residues are removed via thermal treatment in oxygen containing atmospheres. This however may damage the fibre’s tensile strength. Within the scope of this work, carbon dioxide and water vapour were used to remove the carbon residues. This aims to eliminate or at least minimize fibre damage. Improved quality of reclaimed fibres can make fibre reuse more desirable by enabling the production of high-quality recycling products. Still, even under ideal recycling conditions the fibres will shorten with every new life-cycle due to production-based blending. Fibre disposal pathways will therefore always also be necessary. The problems of thermal fibre disintegration are summarized in the second part of this article (Part 2: Energy recovery).
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Paris, Oskar, Dieter Loidl, Martin Müller, Helga Lichtenegger, and Herwig Peterlik. "Cross-sectional texture of carbon fibres analysed by scanning microbeam X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 4 (July 22, 2001): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801008330.
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Scanning microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis of single carbon fibres allows the cross-sectional orientation distribution (texture) of the carbon layers to be determined, even when the fibre axis is oriented perpendicular to the X-ray beam (fibre geometry). The fibre is scanned across a microbeam with a diameter significantly smaller than the fibre diameter, and fibre diffraction patterns are recorded for every scanning step. The cross-sectional texture information is obtained from the integrated intensities of two different equatorial reflections as a function of the position on the fibre. As an example, results from two different types of carbon fibres are presented: a polyacrylonitrile-based fibre, with random cross-sectional texture, and a fibre based on mesophase pitch, which exhibits a radially folded cross-sectional texture. Detailed modelling of the diffraction data allows a quantitative description of the radial folded texture.
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Manis, Frank, Jakob Wölling, and Klaus Drechsler. "Damage Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Materials Induced by High Temperature Oxidation for Optimisation of Thermal Recycling Routes." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.1088.
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This study summarizes different characterisation methods performed with new carbon fibres(vCF - virgin carbon fibres) for structural applications as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)as well as fiber samples which have been treated under different conditions. These parameters consistof combinations of temperature (400-600 C) and dwell time (30 - 60 min) in an oxidising atmospherein order to provide a fundamental basis for the definition of possible recycling processes to regain thehigh value raw material, i.e. the carbon fibre, after the use-phase of the initial CFRP-structure. The investigationsthat were performed on vCF and secondary fibres (rCF - recycled CF) show in very goodagreement, that below 500 C almost no degradation of the fibre is visible, between 500 and 600 C arapid decrease in different physical and mechanical properties occurs and above 600 C a recovery ofthe fiber in terms of a secondary use in high performance structural context seems not to be feasible.The investigations that were performed consist of optical microscopy for the measurement of the fibrediameter, the deformation of the cross section and a statistical analysis. The second method appliedwas the characterization of the monofilament density, alongside to the breaking force and elongation,leading to the calculation of tensile strength and Youngs Modulus and further statistical analysis ofWeibull Modulus and its decrease over temperature.
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Khurshid, Muhammad Furqan, Martin Hengstermann, Mir Mohammad Badrul Hasan, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites – A review." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 14 (November 7, 2019): 1925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319886043.
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The aim of this paper is to highlight recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites. Initially, injection moulding and nonwoven technologies have been used to integrate waste carbon fibres into fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Recently, tape and hybrid yarn spinning technologies have been developed to produce tape and hybrid yarn structures from waste carbon fibre, which are then used to manufacture recycled carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastics with much higher efficiency. The hybrid yarn spinning technologies enable the development of various fibrous structures with higher fibre orientation, compactness and fibre volume fraction. Therefore, thermoplastic composites manufactured from hybrid yarns possess a good potential for use in load-bearing structural applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review on novel and existing technologies employed for the processing of waste carbon fibre in addition to different quality aspects of waste carbon fibre is presented.
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Köhler, Thomas, Tim Röding, Thomas Gries, and Gunnar Seide. "An Overview of Impregnation Methods for Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.473.
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Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) can be classified according to whether the matrix is a thermoset or a thermoplastic. Thermoset-matrix composites are by tradition far more common, but thermoplastic-matrix composites are gaining in importance. There are several techniques for combining carbon fibres with a thermoplastic-matrix system. The composite’s characteristics as well as its manufacturing costs are dependent on the impregnation technique of the carbon fibre and the textile structure respectively. Carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) are suitable for fast and economic production of high-performance components. Despite the higher material costs thermoplastic-matrix systems show cost benefits in comparison to thermoset-matrix due to substantial time savings in the production process. Moreover CFRTPs can be manufactured in large production runs. The commingling of reinforcement fibres with matrix fibres is a well-established process. Another approach is the coating of the carbon fibre with a thermoplastic subsequent to the carbon fibre production (carbonization, activation and deposition of sizing). The latter point is currently subject of research and is a promising method for further increasing the production speed. This paper presents the different possibilities of impregnating carbon fibres with a thermoplastic matrix. Diverse technologies along the process chain of the CFRTP production will be discussed.
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Akzharkyn, Igbayeva, Kassym Yelemessov, Dinara Baskanbayeva, Nikita V. Martyushev, Vadim Y. Skeeba, Vladimir Yu Konyukhov, and Tatiana A. Oparina. "Strengthening Polymer Concrete with Carbon and Basalt Fibres." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2024): 7567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177567.
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To date, composite materials, such as polymer concrete, have found wide application in various industries due to their unique properties combining high strength, resistance to aggressive media and durability. Improving the performance characteristics of polymer concrete is an important task aimed at expanding the areas of its application. One of the promising methods of increasing the strength of this material is the use of various fillers. In this paper, the effect of fillers, based on carbon and basalt fibres, on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete was investigated. The polymer concrete was made of the following components: rubble stone, sand, quartz flour and polyester resin. During the experimental work, the amount of carbon and basalt fibres in the polymer concrete mixture varied from 0 to 6%. Bending and compressive strength tests showed that the addition of carbon and basalt fibres increased these properties. The highest bending and compressive strengths were achieved when carbon fibre contents were up to 1.5%, while basalt fibres provided the highest strengths in the case of around 2%. These results confirmed that carbon fibres had a higher efficiency in strengthening polymer concrete compared to that of basalt fibres. This could be explained by the fact that carbon fibres had a higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, which allowed them to better redistribute loads within the composite material. The fibre length for carbon fibre, which gave the maximum increase in properties, was 10–15 mm. For basalt fibre, the maximum bending strength was reached at 20 mm and compressive strength at 10 mm. Increasing the content of carbon fibre above 2% and basalt fibre above 1.5% did not give further increase in mechanical properties. In conclusion, it could be stated that the use of carbon fibres as fillers offered significant advantages in strengthening polymer concrete, opening up opportunities for its use in more demanding conditions and in a wider range of industrial applications.
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Höhne, Carl-Christoph, Peter Brantsch, Thomas Reichert, and Ronny Hanich-Spahn. "Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polyurethane for Aviation Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012050.
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Abstract Carbon fibres are widely used in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) for aviation, automotive, windmills, sport and many more application due to their outstanding material properties. Annually, this generates about 62,000 tonnes of end-of-life (EoL) CFRP and CFRP production waste. Current EoL scenarios for CFRPs show some disadvantages: Landfilling and incineration are not sustainable and environmentally friendly. Carbon fibre recovery by pyrolysis damages the carbon fibres and incinerates the plastic material. Mechanical recycling shortens the carbon fibres and is of limited value for thermosets. However, chemical recycling routes like solvolysis offers the great potential to recover damage-free carbon fibres as well as useful monomers for a new generation of plastics. Here we provide an overview about the solvolysis of carbon fibre reinforced polyurethane material for aviation applications. Additionally, first life cycle assessment results are presented.
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Gellrich, Sebastian, Thomas Groetsch, Maxime Maghe, Claudia Creighton, Russell Varley, Anna-Sophia Wilde, and Christoph Herrmann. "Concept for Predictive Quality in Carbon Fibre Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 8, no. 6 (November 28, 2024): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8060272.
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Remarkable mechanical properties make carbon fibres attractive for many industrial applications. However, up to today, carbon fibres come with a significant environmental backpack, undermining their advantages in light of a strong demand for absolute sustainability of new industrial products. Consequently, there is considerable demand for high-quality carbon fibre manufacturing, low waste production, or alternative precursor systems allowing minimization of environmental impacts. Therefore, this paper investigates the capabilities of data analytics with a special emphasis on predictive quality in order to advance the quality management of carbon fibre manufacturing. Although existing research supports the applicability of machine learning in carbon fibre production, there is a notable scarcity of case studies and a lack of a structured repetitive data analytics concept. To address this gap, the study proposes a holistic framework for predictive quality in carbon fibre manufacturing that outlines specific data analytics requirements based on the process properties of carbon fibre production. Additionally, it introduces a systematic method for processing trend data. Finally, a case study of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibre manufacturing exemplifies the concept, giving indications on feature importance and sensitivity related to the expected fibre properties. Future research can build on the comprehensive overview of predictive quality potentials and its implementation concept by extending the underlying data set and investigating the transfer to alternative precursors.
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Ansari, Reza, Masoud Ahmadi, and Saeed Rouhi. "Impact resistance of short carbon fibre-carbon nanotube-polymer matrix hybrid composites: A stochastic multiscale approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 8 (June 15, 2021): 1925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211015267.
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A multiscale approach is used here to investigate the impact properties of carbon fibre/carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer. For this purpose, the mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. Then, they are included in the polyethene matrix, and the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced polyethene are computed using a stochastic approach. Considering the CNT-reinforced polyethene as the matrix, the effect of adding the carbon fibres on its mechanical properties is investigated in the next step. Finally, utilizing a stochastic method, the macro-scale mechanical properties of carbon fibre/carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer are computed. Thereafter, the impact test is applied on the models. The finite element method is used to investigate the mechanical and impact properties of representative volume elements. The effects of waviness, volume percentage and aspect ratio of the carbon fibre and CNT on the mechanical properties of the multiscale composite are evaluated. It is shown that reinforcing the polyethene matrix by carbon fibres and CNTs significantly increases its impact resistance. Adding 3% and 5% volume percentages of CNT into 3%-carbon fibre/polyethene and 5%-carbon fibre/polyethene respectively, resulted in 26% and 47% improvement in the impact resistance of the composite.
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Hofmann, Marcel, Dirk Wenzel, Bernd Gulich, Heike Illing-Günther, and Daisy Nestler. "Development of Nonwoven Preforms Made of Pure Recycled Carbon Fibres (rCF) for Applications of Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.555.
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For the development of an efficient and economic recycling process of carbon fibers (CF) still many technological challenges have to be mastered. One of them is the removal of all extraneous natural and synthetic fibres, e.g. polyester sewing threads. The objective of the research was to develop an in-line process for the removal of those extraneous fibres, which result from mechanical processes such as tearing. A promising approach for the removal of extraneous fibres from cut-off carbon-fibre material (CF) has been identified, getting recycled carbon fibres (rCF). For that purpose, the use of modern laser technologies is particularly promising. However, the focus was not the development of new laser systems, but the adaptation of existing technologies and their integration into textile processing steps for carbon fibre recycling. In addition to the removal of the extraneous fibres, the degree of CF losses and quality degradation due to fibre damage have been analysed and compared with optimum fibre characteristics. The separation has been experimented and corresponding laser parameters have been defined. Finally, the obtained carbon-fibre material has been tested with regard to its processability in textile manufacturing processes (dry non-woven fabric production) up to carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). For the evaluation of the material for potential applications, test plates from irradiated and non-irradiated material have been used. The performed tensile and flexural tests have proved that the irradiated material has similar properties compared to the non-exposed one.
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Ahmad, Husam, Jonas Stiller, Erik Päßler, Daisy Nestler, Guntram Wagner, and Lothar Kroll. "Influence of Initial Fibre Length and Content Used in the Injection Moulding of CFRP on the Properties of C/C and C/C-SiC Composites." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.171.
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The production of C/C-SiC composites comprises a three-stage process: forming (CFRP-composite), pyrolysis (C/C-composite) and liquid silicon infiltration (C/C-SiC). A new promising approach for the manufacturing of CFRP intermediate composites is the injection moulding of customised granulates (novolac resin, hardener, processing additives and short carbon fibre) produced by compounding technique. To date, a direct dosing of short carbon fibre into the compounder was technically not realisable due to fibre separation and electrostatic charging in the hopper. A possible substitute solution has been the direct feeding of a carbon fibre bundle from a roving into the compounder. However, this is associated with a severe damage of the fibres and an inaccurate adjustment of the fibres content. In the present article, new chopped carbon fibres provided with an adapted sizing to be directly dosed into the compounder are used. The fibres possess a predefined length of 3 and 6 mm and their content amounts to 50 and 58 wt.%. The influence of the initial fibre length and fibre content on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting CFRP-, C/C-and C/C-SiC-composites is presented and discussed. In addition, the impact of fibre feeding procedure at the compounding stage on the microstructure is considered
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van den Heuvel, P. W. J., Y. J. W. van der Bruggen, and T. Peijs. "The influence of Carbon Fibre Surface Treatment on Fibre-Fibre Interactions in Multi-Fibre Microcomposites." Advanced Composites Letters 3, no. 6 (November 1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300603.
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Multi-fibre microcomposites were used to study the influence of fibre/matrix adhesion on the fracture process of composites in uniaxial tension. In addition to in-situ microscopic observations, results were quantitatively described using an interaction criterion. In the case of surface treated carbon fibres, fibre-fibre interaction or so-called coordinated fibre failure takes place at inter-fibre spacings of less than nine fibre diameters. Moreover, it was found that the level of fibre surface treatment, i.e. the amount of debonding, significantly influences the amount of fibre-fibre interaction.
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T. Sathish and R. Saravanan. "Jute and Flax Fiber Composites Enhancement through Carbon Nanotube Filler." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.03.241517.
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This investigation primarily focuses on enhancing the sustainable jute/flax/epoxy nanocomposite with the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as filler. The flax and jute natural fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The compression moulding technique was preferred for better fabrication. The CNTs were thoroughly mixed with epoxy resin with the help of a ball milling-type mixture. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by varying the reinforcement and filler content. Jute fibre varied from 59 to 99 wt%, Flax Fiber varied from 0 to 40 wt% and the filler was maintained as constant of 1 wt%. The five types of laminated and fabricated composites were characterized in terms of tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. The SEM examinations were carried for the composite samples to analyse the fibre diameter (µm), CNT dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The results revealed that the sample fabricated with 69 jute fibre, 30 wt% flax fibre, and 1 wt% CNT filler outperformed with 60.1 MPa tensile strength, 79.3 MPa flexural strength, 8.1 GPa modulus of elasticity.
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Bachmann, Jens, Martin Wiedemann, and Peter Wierach. "Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres." Aerospace 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5040107.
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Can a hybrid composite made of recycled carbon fibres and natural fibres improve the flexural mechanical properties of epoxy composites compared to pure natural fibre reinforced polymers (NFRP)? Growing environmental concerns have led to an increased interest in the application of bio-based materials such as natural fibres in composites. Despite their good specific properties based on their low fibre density, the application of NFRP in load bearing applications such as aviation secondary structures is still limited. Low strength NFRP, compared to composites such as carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), have significant drawbacks. At the same time, the constantly growing demand for CFRP in aviation and other transport sectors inevitably leads to an increasing amount of waste from manufacturing processes and end-of-life products. Recovering valuable carbon fibres by means of recycling and their corresponding re-application is an important task. However, such recycled carbon fibres (rCF) are usually available in a deteriorated (downcycled) form compared to virgin carbon fibres (vCF), which is limiting their use for high performance applications. Therefore, in this study the combination of natural fibres and rCF in a hybrid composite was assessed for the effect on flexural mechanical properties. Monolithic laminates made of hybrid nonwoven containing flax fibres and recycled carbon fibres were manufactured with a fibre volume fraction of 30% and compared to references with pure flax and rCF reinforcement. Three-point bending tests show a potential increase in flexural mechanical properties by combining rCF and flax fibre in a hybrid nonwoven.
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Mohammed, Ibrahim, Abd Rahim Abu Talib, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan3, and Syamimi Sadoon. "Fire behavioural and mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced aluminium laminate composites for aero-engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21323.
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Two different properties of fibre-metal laminate composites (FML), including the fire behaviour and mechanical properties, were experimentally studied in this paper. The fibre-metal laminate composites studied were made of aluminium alloy 2024-T3, carbon fibre, flax, kenaf and epoxy resin/hardener arranged in different forms. The aims of the study are to assess the fire behaviour of the composites using ISO2685 standard and mechanical properties of the composite after withstanding the burn-through according to the standard. The fire test was carried out using ISO2685 standard using a propane-air burner, whereby the propane gas and air serves as the fluid to the system. The universal testing machine of the 100 kN load cell and gun tunnel were used for the mechanical properties test according to each test standard. The fire results showed that three of the FML composites considered in the study are fireproof composites while carbon fibre kenaf reinforced aluminium laminate (CARALL4) is a fire resistant composite. Carbon fibre reinforced aluminium laminate with aluminium alloy at the front and the rear face (CARALL2) withstood higher flame temperature than the other FML composites with 14.4%, 49.0% and 82.8% greater than CARALL1, CARALL3 and CARALL4 in terms of thermal conductivity. In terms of mechanical properties, it was also CARALL2 that has higher tensile, compressive, flexural and impact strength. Therefore, the study showed that carbon fibre flax reinforced aluminium laminate (CARALL3) which is the hybrid composite with green fibre can compete with fibre-metal laminate composites of pure synthetic fibre in terms of their properties.
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Malik, Parth, Varun Katyal, and Anil Kumar. "Reinforcements of Petroleum Distillation Products with Carbon Nanotubes and Vapour Grown Carbon Fibres for the Development of Carbon Nanocomposites." Advanced Composites Letters 22, no. 5 (September 2013): 096369351302200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351302200504.
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This study reports the synthesis of nanocomposites based on coal tar pitch, a carbon based material retrieved as residue during fractional distillation of petroleum reinforced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and vapour grown carbon fibre (VGCF). With 10% wt. carbon nanotubes slight improvement in flexural strength and modulus is observed, while thermal conductivity increases marginally with 5% wt. carbon nanotubes. However significant improvement of more than 100% in bending strength is observed in vapour grown carbon fibre compounded pitch resin post graphitization at 10% wt. loading as compared to neat resin indicating better load transfer between two phases. Scanning electron micrograph shows that vapour grown carbon fibre are well dispersed in pitch matrix resin. However increasing filler content leads to agglomeration of fibres and voids in the matrix resin.
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Thomason, James. "The Influence of Fibre Cross Section Shape and Fibre Surface Roughness on Composite Micromechanics." Micro 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro3010024.
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Many of the carbon and natural fibres used in composite reinforcement have a non-circular cross section. Recently non-circular, or flat, cross section glass fibre products have become commercially available. This paper explores the potential effects that such non-circular fibre cross section shapes may have on the micromechanics of stress transfer at the composite fibre–matrix interface and the resulting changes in composite strength performance. Analytical modelling is used to show how the critical fibre length in composites with non-circular fibres is always less when compared to circular fibres with an equal cross-sectional area. This can result in significant changes to the strength performance of discontinuous fibre reinforced composites. Additionally, it is shown that the surface roughness found on natural and carbon fibres, many of which are also non-circular in cross section, can decrease the critical fibre length still further. These effects have important consequences for the use of single fibre micromechanical tests used for the characterisation of interfacial strength.
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Hao, Siqi, Lizhe He, Jiaqi Liu, Yuhao Liu, Chris Rudd, and Xiaoling Liu. "Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081231.
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Management of waste from carbon fibre composites has become a significant societal issue as the application of composite grows across many industries. In this study, carbon fibres (CF) were successfully recovered from cured carbon fibre/epoxy (CF/EP) prepreg under microwave pyrolysis at 450, 550 and 650 °C followed by oxidation of any residual char. The recovered fibres were investigated for their tensile properties, surface morphologies and the elements/functional groups presented on the surface. The chemical compositions of gaseous and oil pyrolysis products were also analysed. The microwave pyrolysis effectively pyrolyzed the epoxy (EP) resin. Char residue remained on the fibre surface and the amount of char reduced as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Compared to virgin fibres, the recovered fibre suffered from a strength reduction by less than 20%, and this reduction could be mitigated by reducing the pyrolysis temperature. The surface of recovered fibre remained clean and smooth, while the profile of elements and functional groups at the surface were similar to those of virgin fibres. The main gaseous products were CO, H2, CO2 and CH4, whilst the liquid product stream included phenolic and aromatic compounds.
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Kuczyński, Mateusz, Tomasz Mikołajczyk, and Bogusław Pierożyński. "Alkaline Water Splitting by Ni-Fe Nanoparticles Deposited on Carbon Fibre and Nickel-Coated Carbon Fibre Substrates." Catalysts 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2023): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121468.
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This study presents the results of electrochemical investigations on Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions (HER and OER), conducted on commercially available carbon fibres and nickel-coated carbon fibres modified using nanoscale NiFe alloy particles in 0.1 M of NaOH solution. The obtained results demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity of the NiFe-modified fibre materials, with approximately 14,700% and 25% improvement in the OER and HER activity (respectively), as compared to unmodified electrodes. The catalytic properties were evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarisation and cyclic, and linear voltammetry techniques. The deposited particles’ distribution and quantities present on the investigated materials were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods. These findings provided valuable insights into the electrochemical, catalytic performance of NiFe-modified carbon fibre/nickel-coated carbon fibre materials, simultaneously highlighting their potential application as catalyst materials for electrodes in industrial-scale water electrolysers.
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Aklilu, Getahun, Sarp Adali, and Glen Bright. "Effect of Hybridization on Flexural Performance of Unidirectional and Bidirectional Composite Laminates under Ambient Temperature." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 56 (October 4, 2021): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.56.16.
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Abstract. Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials are widely used in several key engineering applications such as ships, aircraft, wind turbine blades, helicopter blade, automobiles, and other transportation vehicles because of their mechanical properties and tailoring capabilities.Carbon and glass fibres are the most popular fibre reinforcements used for composite components. In the present study, two different stacking sequences, (0 degrees) and (0/90 degrees), are selected to study effect of fibre hybridization on flexural performance using three-point bending tests. Materials used are E-glass and T-300 carbon fibres in an epoxy matrix and the laminates were produced by resin transfer moulding methods. Fracture surfaces of composite laminates were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the flexural strength, modulus and strain at failure of unidirectional and bidirectional composite laminates were strongly influenced by stacking sequences, fibre orientation and the hybrid ratio of the fibres. A higher flexural modulus was achieved when carbon fibres were placed on the compressive side. Hybrid specimens showed higher flexural strength and modulus by 21.08% and 145.39%, respectively, compared to the pure glass fibre reinforced laminates. On the other hand, flexural strength and modulus of hybrid specimen were less by 6.50% and 8.20%, respectively, as compared to carbon fibre reinforced specimens. Stacking sequences and hybrid ratio of glass/carbon fibre reinforced specimens were investigated with a view towards improving the mechanical properties of hybrid composites.
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Servinis, Linden, Thomas R. Gengenbach, Mickey G. Huson, Luke C. Henderson, and Bronwyn L. Fox. "A Novel Approach to the Functionalisation of Pristine Carbon Fibre Using Azomethine 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 2 (2015): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14254.
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We demonstrate the utilisation of an azomethine 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with carbon fibre to graft complex molecules onto the fibre surface. In an effort to enhance the interfacial interaction of the fibre to the matrix, the functionalised fibres possessed a pendant amine that is able to interact with epoxy resins. Functionalisation was supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the grafting process had no detrimental effects on tensile strength compared with the control (untreated) fibres. Also, microscopic roughness (as determined by atomic force microscopy) and fibre topography were unchanged after the described treatment process. This methodology complements existing methodology aimed at enhancing the surface of carbon fibres for advanced material applications while not compromising the desirable strength profile. Single-fibre fragmentation tests show a statistically significant decrease in fragment length compared with the control fibres in addition to transverse cracking within the curing resin, both of which indicate an enhanced interaction between fibre and resin.
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Wtosiński, W. K., W. Olesińska, K. Pietrzak, and D. Kaliński. "Carbon Fibre - Copper Composites Obtained by Foil Casting." Advanced Composites Letters 3, no. 2 (March 1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300206.
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A method for production of carbon fibre - copper composites by foil casting is presented. As follows from the test results included, the foil casting process may be applied to produce the carbon fibre -copper composites. Thanks to the use continuous fibres, the method allows to obtain composites with fibres ordered directionally. Measurements of thermal expansion and micro-hardness of a composite with 30% fibre content, as well as examination of its microstructure are presented. The composites may, among others, find application in manufacturing of electrodes for resistance welding, electric contacts and expansion wafers for semiconductor power components.
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Prasad, M. M., N. Manikandan, and S. M. Sutharsan. "Investigation on mechanical properties of reinforced glass fibre/epoxy with hybrid nano composites." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 2 (2021): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.162.455.
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In this study the experimental investigation of mechanical behaviour of Multi-Walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) reinforced with EGlass/Epoxy nanocomposites at 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.0% of weight rated with 225 GSM, 300 GSM and 450 GSM glass fibres were studied. Test specimens were prepared at the standardof ASTM D638 for tensile specimen ASTM D256 for impact specimen. Testspecimens were prepared at the ratio of MWCNTs: Al2O3 is 1:4. 1.5 wt. % of MultiWalled CNTs filledE-Glass/Epoxy nanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties than glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.450 GSM reinforced glass fiber epoxy composites containing 1.5wt. % of MWCNTs improved 36.27 % of higher tensile value and 28.57 % of impact value than the glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites. 225 and 300 GSM reinforced glass fibre epoxy composites with 1.5 wt. % of MWCNTs composites also has improved tensile and impact value than glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites. But, overall 450 GSM reinforced fibre nanocomposites showed enhanced mechanical properties than the other GSM reinforced nanocomposites. This proves MultiWalled Carbon Nanotubes is a successful reinforcement for E-Glass/Epoxy matrix and it improves its properties and performance.
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KONONOVA, Olga, Andrejs KRASNIKOVS, Rimvydas STONYS, Genadijs SAHMENKO, and Renars VITOLS. "INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF NANO-REINFORCEMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 3 (March 24, 2016): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1106578.
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The present work studies the possibility to decrease the formation of micro and nano cracks around short fibres in fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) composite with the help of nano-reinforcement, which is carbon nanotubes, or micro reinforcement, which is carbon short fibres and nano-fillers. Tensile and bending strength of FRC depends on the spatial distribution of fibres inside a material, type of fibre and cement matrix, as well as an effective micromechanical work of each fibre while pulling out of the concrete matrix. Shrinkage stresses, acting in the matrix in the vicinity of a fibre, lead to the formation of micro-cracks. Such micro-cracks were observed experimentally and were investigated numerically performing broad modelling based on the finite element method (FEM). The investigation was focused on the micromechanical behaviour of a single steel fibre in a cement matrix. Numerical modelling results demonstrated a high level of shrinkage overstresses around steel fibres in concrete. The role of nano and micro admixtures, nanotubes, short carbon fibres as well as the role of water/cement ratio in a high performance concrete matrix, changing (increasing or decreasing) the friction force between the matrix and the steel fibre, were investigated experimentally by way of performing a single fibre pull-out tests. The high scatters of experimental results were obtained in performed pull-out tests. At the same time, for the same series of samples, a positive role of micro and nano admixtures and carbon nanotubes in the increase of pull-out force was recognised.
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Kurniasih, P., W. A. Wirawan, A. Narto, O. S. Pribadi, N. A. Imron, N. F. Rachman, and A. Pradipta. "Flammability and morphology of Agel leaf fibre- epoxy composite modified with carbon powder for fishing boat applications." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8842.
Full textAbstract:
Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites have been extensively developed to construct fishing vessels. This study reports on the successful development of the Agel Leaf Fibre (ALF)-Epoxy composite reinforced with carbon powder and fabricated using the Vacuum Infusion method.The composites were prepared by varying the carbon powder filler content at volumes of 0%, 10%, and 30%. The fire resistance of the composites was investigated using a burning test according to ASTM D-3014 standards. The morphology of the composites was observed through SEM analysis and analysed using ImageJ software.The research findings reveal that adding 30% carbon powder in the HCP composite reduced the burning rate by 42.624 mm/sec and the time to ignition by 17.33 seconds, indicating improved fire resistance properties. The carbon powder inhibited flame propagation and reduced the combustion rate by 0.49%. The SEM examination confirmed that the fibre porosity decreased, resulting in a denser composite with enhanced fibre-matrix adhesion. Therefore, the implementation of fire-resistant composite materials in fishing vessel construction can be realised.The present study primarily examined the immediate effects of carbon powder additions on the morphology of the composites. However, it is crucial to consider these composites’ long-term stability and durability. Future research should investigate the ageing behaviour, considering environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and UV radiation, to assess their impact on the morphology and flammability resistance of the composites. Additionally, it is essential to acknowledge that other factors, including fibre orientation, fibre length, and matrix properties, can significantly influence the overall performance of the composites.The enhanced flammability resistance of Agel Leaf Fibre-Epoxy composites with carbon powder additions holds significant benefits for fishing boat applications. In marine environments, the risk of fire incidents on fishing boats is high, making materials with good fire resistance highly desirable. Therefore, implementing fire-resistant composite materials in fishing boat construction can be realised to reduce the risk of fire incidents in high-seas fishing vessels.Composites with added carbon powder exhibited smaller flames, slower burning rates, and a lack of significant flame propagation. This suggests that adding carbon powder acts as an oxygen barrier and reduces the availability of fuel within the composite.
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Mishra, Shivam. "Application of Carbon Fibers in Construction." Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE) 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v2i2.20.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon fibers (also known as graphite fibers) are high-performance fibers, about five to ten micrometers in diameter, composed mainly of carbon, with high tensile strength. Plus, they are extremely strong with respect to their size. They have high elastic modulus in comparison with glass fiber. According to the working period, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers possess more potential than those with glass fiber. However, they are relatively expensive as compared to similar fibers, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, or plastic fiber. Its high quality, lightweight, and imperviousness to erosion, make it a perfect strengthening material. Carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials are used to make aircraft parts, golf club shafts, bike outlines, angling bars, car springs, sailboat masts, and sev-eral different segments which need to have less weight and high quality.