Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon fibers polymer composite

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon fibers polymer composite'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.

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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.
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Chukov, Dilyus I., Sarvarkhodza G. Nematulloev, Viсtor V. Tсherdyntsev, Valerii G. Torokhov, Andrey A. Stepashkin, Mikhail Y. Zadorozhnyy, Dmitry D. Zherebtsov, and Galal Sherif. "Structure and Properties of Polysulfone Filled with Modified Twill Weave Carbon Fabrics." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010050.

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Carbon fabrics are widely used in polymer based composites. Nowadays, most of the advanced high-performance composites are based on thermosetting polymer matrices such as epoxy resin. Thermoplastics have received high attention as polymer matrices due to their low curing duration, high chemical resistance, high recyclability, and mass production capability in comparison with thermosetting polymers. In this paper, we suggest thermoplastic based composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers. Composites based on polysulfone reinforced with carbon fabrics using polymer solvent impregnation were studied. It is well known that despite the excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers possess poor wettability and adhesion to polymers because of the fiber surface chemical inertness and smoothness. Therefore, to improve the fiber–matrix interfacial interaction, the surface modification of the carbon fibers by thermal oxidation was used. It was shown that the surface modification resulted in a noticeable change in the functional composition of the carbon fibers’ surface and increased the mechanical properties of the polysulfone based composites. Significant increase in composites mechanical properties and thermal stability as a result of carbon fiber surface modification was observed.
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Manurung, Rokki, Sutan Simanjuntak, Jesayas Sembiring, Richard A. M. Napitupulu, and Suriady Sihombing. "Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang." SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/sproket.v2i1.296.

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Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.
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Yu, Hong, Suresh Advani, and Dirk Heider. "Impact of resin-rich layer on the through-thickness resistivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymers." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 24 (April 10, 2019): 3469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319842369.

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Increasing applications of carbon fiber reinforced polymers exploiting its electrical properties demand a good understanding of the electrical conduction mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Resin-rich interface, which is not uncommon to exist between composite laminae, not only affect the mechanical properties, but also the electrical conduction behavior. This study focuses on the impact of resin-rich layer on the through-thickness resistivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Electrical characterizations are carried out on dry fiber tow systems as well as cured composites. Through-thickness resistivity changes of dry fibers with the sizing are compared against fibers without the sizing layer, and cured composites with added resin-rich layer against the composite laminates without the resin-rich layer. A localized Joule heating theory is proposed to explain the difference in the electrical responses. The theoretical and experimental investigations should prove useful for the development of quantitative models with Joule heating to describe electrical resistivity behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer.
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Nirmal Kumar, K., P. Dinesh Babu, Raviteja Surakasi, P. Manoj Kumar, P. Ashokkumar, Rashid Khan, Adel Alfozan, and Dawit Tafesse Gebreyohannes. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber–Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites: A Critical Study." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (December 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332157.

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In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.
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Jeon, Kyung-Soo, R. Nirmala, Seong-Hwa Hong, Yong-II Chung, R. Navamathavan, and Hak Yong Kim. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate via an Injection Molding Process." Sensor Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4290.

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This manuscript is dealt with the synthesis of short carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate polymer composite by using injection modeling technique. Four different composite materials were obtained by varying the carbon fibers weight percentage of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The synthesized carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites were characterized for their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), universal testing machine (UTM) and IZOD strength test. The resultant carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polycarbonate resin. The tensile properties were observed to be monotonically increases with increasing carbon fiber content in the composite resin. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/polycarbonate composites with the carbon fiber content 40% were increased about 8 times than that of the pristine polycarbonate matrix. The carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites with 40 wt.% of short carbon fibers exhibited a high tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The incorporation of carbon fiber in to polycarbonate resin resulted in a significant enhancement in the mechanical and the thermal behavior. These studies suggested that the short carbon fiber incorporated polycarbonate composite matrix is a good candidate material for many technological applications.
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Rodríguez, C., M. Hinojosa, J. Aldaco, and A. Cázares. "Fracture Mechanisms in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." MRS Proceedings 1611 (2014): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.772.

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ABSTRACTIn this work we report the fractographic study of polymer matrix composites specimens reinforced with glass and carbon fibers. Specimens of a polyester matrix composite with 30% of E-glass fibers are prepared and fractured in flexure mode. We also test an epoxy matrix composite with 30% carbon fibers, which is fractured in flexure mode. All specimens are manufactured based on the D790 ASTM standard for bending mode at room temperature. As an exception, the composites with epoxy matrix and reinforced with carbon fiber are cured in an autoclave. The most commonly observed fracture mechanisms are debonding in the interphase, delamination, Chevron lines, microbuckling, river patterns and radial fracture on the fibers.
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Gogoleva, O. V., P. N. Petrova, and E. S. Kolesova. "Development of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Ultrahigh-Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Carbon Fillers." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.362.

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The present study investigates the influence of carbon fibers of LO-1-12N/40 brand and modified carbon fibers of "Belum" brand on performance properties and structure of polymer composite materials based on UHMWPE of Gur-4150 grade. It has been established that introduction of both modified carbon fibers and LO-1-12N/40 carbon fiber in an amount of from 1 to 10 wt.% into the polymer matrix does not lead to significant changes in stress-strain properties of composites compared to the starting polymer. It is shown that the wear resistance of the obtained materials is significantly increased when filling with 5 wt.% carbon fibers of "Belum" brand. The rate of mass wear of polymer composite materials is reduced by 3.3 times; the friction coefficient of PCM is lowered by 3.5 times relative to the starting polymer.
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Hamid, Sami, and Abhishek Thakur. "Investigating Mechanical Properties of Carbon Glass Jute Fiber based Composite." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 8, 2021): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05346.

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Hybrid composites are made by combining natural and synthetic fibers with an effective matrix, which usually means they’ve received additional strengthening, such as epoxy, to create the additional material properties you can’t obtain on their own. To attain the desirable tensile modulus, compressive modulus, and so on, a fiber composite needs to be added to the FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer). Polymer matrix composites are light and cost-effective to manufacture, but they still friendly to the environment and have viable applications, which is why they are often used in various commercial applications. Unidirectional fibers and bidirectionally reinforced with epoxy (SikaDur is a composite medium) carbon fibers are two-way reinforced with unidirectional (use unidirectional) Before we developed test procedures for preparing the test specimens, the testing lab implemented the layup method according to ASTM standards. Ten separate stacking sequences were tested and four different intensity sequences were used in testing the compressive structures according to ASTM D15. The results of the study indicate that hybridization helps natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites to increase their mechanical properties We would use natural fibers rather than synthetic ones since the natural ones make comparable strength when hybridized with synthetic ones.
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Saleem, Anjum, Luisa Medina, and Mikael Skrifvars. "Influence of Fiber Coating and Polymer Modification on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bast/Basalt Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030119.

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Natural fibers, such as kenaf, hemp, and flax, also known as bast fibers, offer several benefits such as low density, carbon dioxide neutrality, and less dependence on petroleum sources. Their function as reinforcement in polymer composites offers a great potential to replace a segment of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites, especially in automotive components. Despite their promising benefits, they cannot meet the structural and durability demands of automobile parts because of their poor mechanical properties compared to glass fibers. The focus of this research work was the improvement of the mechanical property profile of the bast fiber reinforced polypropylene composites by hybridization with natural high-performance basalt fibers and the influence of basalt fibers coating and polymer modification at the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The specific tensile strength of the composite with polymer tailored coating was 39% and the flexural strength was 44% higher than the composite with epoxy-based basalt fibers. The mechanical performance was even better when the bast/basalt hybridization was done in maleic anhydride modified polymer. This led to the conclusion that basalt fibers sizing and polymer modification are the deciding factors in defining the optimal mechanical performance of the composites by influencing the fiber-matrix interaction. The composites were analyzed for their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The comparison of bast/basalt hybrid composite with bast/glass fibers hybrid composite showed a 32% higher specific flexural and tensile strength of the basalt hybrid composite, supporting the concept of basalt fibers as a natural alternative of the glass fibers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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Zhang, Xiefei. "Studies on Single Wall Carbon Nanotube and Polymer Composite Films and Fibers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7610.

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Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been extensively studied over the last decade due to their excellent comprehensive properties for a variety of applications. This study is focused on the applications of SWNTs as reinforcement for polymer matrices. Due to van der Waal interactions, SWNTs form bundles of about 30 nm diameters. In order to take full advantage of the SWNT mechanical properties, SWNT must exfoliate or at least disperse in small diameter bundle size. Optical microscopy and SEM only give qualitative information of dispersion. Quantitative characterization through TEM or AFM can be time consuming in order to get statistical result. In this study, simple method is developed to quantitatively estimate the size of SWNT bundle in dispersion based on the geometry controlled electrical percolation behavior. The SWNTs can be dispersed /exfoliated via PVP wrapped SWNT aqueous dispersion assisted by surfactants such as sodium dodycel sulfate. PVA / SWNT composite films prepared through PVP wrapped SWNTs exhibit improved mechanical properties as well as the evidence of load transfer from the polymer matrix to the SWNT as monitored by the Raman spectroscopy. SWNT can also be well dispersed into PVA/DMSO/H2O solution. Gel spinning of PVA/SWNT composite fiber has been successfully carried out with improved mechanical properties. Functionalized tubes can be used to enhance SWNT dispersion and exfoliation. Oxidation in strong acids is one method used for functionalizing nanotubes. SWNTs have been functionalized in nitric acid. The structure and properties of films (buckypaper) processed from nitric acid functionalized tubes have been studied exhibiting high tensile strength and high electrical conductivity. Nitric acid treatment results in selective degradation of the small diameter tubes.
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Soroudi, Azadeh. "Melt Spun Electro-Conductive Polymer Composite Fibers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3590.

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One interesting approach is the development of conductive polymer composite fibers for innovative textile applications such as in sensors, actuators and electrostatic discharge. In this study, conductive polymer composite fibers were prepared using several different blends containing conductive components: a conjugated polymer (polyaniline-complex) and/or carbon nanotubes. Different factors such as processing parameters, the morphology of the initial blends and the final fibers, fiber draw ratio and material selection were studied separately to characterize their effects on the fiber properties. In binary blends of PP/polyaniline-complex, the processing conditions, the matrix viscosity and the fiber draw ratio had substantial effects on the electrical conductivity of the fibers and linearity of resistance-voltage dependence. These factors were associated with each other to create conductive pathways through maintaining an appropriate balance of fibril formation and breakage along the fiber. The blend morphology was defined as the initial size of the dispersed conductive phase (polyaniline-phase), which depended on the melt blending conditions as well as the PP matrix viscosity. Depending on the initial droplet phase size, an optimum draw ratio was necessary to obtain maximum conductivity by promoting fibril formation (sufficient stress) and preventing fibril breakage (no excess stress) to create continuous pathways of conductive phase. Ternary blend fibers of PP/PA6/polyaniline-complex illustrated at least three-phase morphology with matrix/core-shell dispersed phase style. When ternary fibers were compared to binary fibers, the former could combine better mechanical and electrical properties only at a specific draw ratio; this showed that draw ratio was a more determinant factor for the ternary fibers, as both conductivity and tensile strength depended on the formation of fibrils from the core-shell droplets of the PA6/polyaniline-complex through the polypropylene matrix. The achieved maximum conductivity so far was in the range of 10 S/cm to 10 S/cm, which for different samples were observed at different fiber draw ratios depending on the mixing conditions, the matrix viscosity or whether the fiber was a binary or ternary blend. To improve the properties, PP/polyaniline-complex blends were filled with CNTs. The CNTs and the polyaniline-complex both had an increasing effect on the crystallization temperature and the thermal stability of PP. Furthermore, the maximum conductivity was observed in samples containing both CNTs and polyaniline-complex rather than the PP with either one of the fillers. Although increasing the content of CNTs improved the conductivity in PP/CNT fibers, the ease of melt spinning, diameter uniformity and mechanical properties of fibers were adversely affected. Diameter variation of PP/CNT as-spun fibers was shown to be an indication of hidden melt-drawings that had occurred during the fiber extrusion; this could lead to variations in morphology such as increases in the insulating microcracks and the distance between the conductive agglomerates in the drawn parts of the fiber. Variations in morphology result in variations in the electrical conductivity; consequently, the conductivity of such inhomogeneous fiber is no longer its physical property, as this varies with varying size.
Thesis to be defended in public on Friday, May 20, 2011 at 10.00 at KC-salen, Kemigården 4, Göteborg, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Lyons, Kevin Mark. "Tensile testing and stabilization/carbonization studies of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite fibers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45915.

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This study focuses on the processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ carbon nanotube (CNT) composite carbon fibers. Small diameter PAN/CNT based carbon fibers have been processed using sheath-core and islands-in-a-sea (INS) fiber spinning technology. These methods resulted in carbon fibers with diameters of ~3.5 μm and ~1 μm (for sheath-core and INS respectively). Poly (methyl methacrylate) has been used as the sheath or the sea component, which has been removed prior to carbonization. These fibers have been stabilized and carbonized using a batch process. The effect of stabilization has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A non-isothermal extent of cyclization (Mcyc) from the DSC kinetics study was developed in order to obtain an unbiased method for determining the optimal stabilization condition. The results of Mcyc were found to be in good agreement with the experimental FTIR and WAXD observations. The carbon fiber fracture surfaces have been examined using SEM. Various test parameters that affect the tensile properties of the precursor fiber (both PAN and PAN/CNT), as well as carbon fiber have been studied. In an attempt to validate single filament tests, fiber tow testing has also been done using standard test methods. Batch processed carbon fibers obtained via sheath-core geometry exhibited tensile strengths as high as 6.5 GPa, while fibers processed by islands-in-a-sea geometry exhibited strength values as high as 7.7 GPa.
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Chae, Han Gi. "Polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite fibers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28125.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Satish Kumar; Committee Member: Anselm Griffin; Committee Member: Dong Yao; Committee Member: Naresh Thadhani; Committee Member: Samuel Graham
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Choi, Young Ho. "Polyacrylonitrile / carbon nanotube composite fibers: effect of various processing parameters on fiber structure and properties." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42902.

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This study elucidates the effect of various processing parameters on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) /carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fiber structure and properties. Interaction between PAN and MWNT enabled the gel-spun PAN/MWNT composite fiber to be drawn to a higher draw ratio, than the control PAN fiber, resulting in the composite fiber tensile strength value as high as 1.3 GPa. PAN/MWNT composite fibers were stabilized and carbonized, and the resulting fibers have been characterized for their structure and properties. The effect of precursor fiber shelf-time on the mechanical properties of the gel-spun PAN/MWNT composite fibers is also reported. A rheological study of PAN-co-MAA/few wall nanotube (FWNT) composite solution has been conducted. At low shear rates, the network of FWNTs contributes to elastic response, resulting in higher viscosity and storage modulus for the composite solution as compared to the control solution. On the other hand, at high shear rates, the network of FWNTs can be broken, resulting in lower viscosity for the composite solution than that for the control solution. Larger PAN crystal size (~16.2 nm) and enhanced mechanical properties are observed when the fiber was drawn at room temperature (cold-drawing) prior to being drawn at elevated temperature (~ 165 °C; hot-drawing). Azimuthal scan of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Raman G-band intensities were used for the evaluation of Herman's orientation factor for PAN crystal (fPAN) and FWNT (fFWNT), respectively. Significantly higher nanotube orientation was observed than PAN orientation at an early stage of fiber processing (i.e during spinning, cold-drawing). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that PAN-co-MAA fiber can be converted into cyclic structure at milder conditions than those for PAN. Continuous in-line stabilization, carbonization, and characterization of the resulting carbon fibers were carried out. Rheological and fiber spinning studies have also been carried out on PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF (vapor grown carbon nano fiber). The diameter of PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF composite fiber is smaller than that of the PAN-co-MAA control fiber with same draw ratio due to the suppressed die-swell in the presence of VGCNF. The mechanical properties of PAN-co-MAA control and PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF composite fibers were characterized. Crystalline structure and morphology of the solution-spun PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF fibers are characterized using WAXD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The volume fraction of PAN-CNT interphase in PAN matrix has been calculated to illustrate the impact of CNTs on structural change in PAN matrix, when ordered PAN molecules are developed in the vicinity of CNTs during fiber processing. The effect of PAN-CNT interphase thickness, CNT diameter, and mass density of CNT on volume fraction of PAN-CNT interphase has been explored.
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Jain, Rahul. "Carbon nanotube reinforced polyacrylonitrile and poly(etherketone) fibers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28257.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Kumar, Satish; Committee Member: Bucknall, David; Committee Member: Griffin, Anselm; Committee Member: Shofner, Meisha; Committee Member: Yushin, Gleb
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Liu, Yaodong. "Stabilization and carbonization studies of polyacrylonitrile /carbon nanotube composite fibers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42933.

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Carbon fibers contain more than 90 wt. % carbon. They have low density, high specific strength and modulus, and good temperature and chemical resistance. Therefore, they are important candidate as reinforcement materials. Carbon fiber is made by pyrolysing precursor polymers. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which has been used as precursor to produce high strength carbon fiber is used as precursor in this study. The theoretical tensile strength of carbon fibers can reach over 100 GPa. Currently, the best commercial carbon fibers reach only 7.5 GPa. To make good quality carbon fiber and to narrow the gap between theoretical values and currently achieved experimental properties, the entire manufacturing process including fiber spinning, stabilization and carbonization, needs to be improved optimized. In this dissertation, the stabilization processes of gel-spun PAN/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite fibers are studied. PAN/CNT (1 wt. % CNT) composite fibers are spun by dry-jet gel-spinning. Three types of CNTs with different number of walls and varying catalyst content are used as additives. The effect of different types of CNTs on the properties of the stabilized fibers was compared. It is found that the CNTs with the highest surface area shows the best reinforcement efficiency on the tensile modulus, and reduces the formation of β-amino nitrile. The residual catalyst in the range of 1 to 4 wt. % shows little effect on the mechanical properties of the stabilized fibers. Stabilization involves complex chemical reactions, including cyclization, oxidation, dehydration, and cross-linking. These complex reactions are separated by using different gas environments during stabilization. The cross-linking reaction has the highest activation energy among all stabilization reactions, and requires a temperature higher than 300 DegC to be completed. The effect of applied tension on the stabilized fiber properties are investigated, and it is found that higher tension leads to better properties for the stabilized fiber, including higher Young's modulus, higher orientation, less formation of β-amino nitrile, and less shrinkage. The relationship between stabilization conditions and the mechanical properties of the carbonized fiber is investigated, and the methods to identify optimum stabilization conditions are proposed. It is observed that the highest tension should be applied during both stabilization and carbonization, and the mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers are increased if fibers are further stabilized at a temperature of ~ 320 DegC to improve the cross-linking degree as compared with the fibers only stabilized at 255 DegC. The optimum stabilization time depends on both the stabilization temperature and on the applied tension. A new characterization method by monitoring the dynamic mechanical properties, while stabilization is in progress is used to narrow down the range of the optimum stabilization time. Also, the effect of carbonization temperature on the ultimate carbon fiber properties is studied in the batch process carbonization. Preliminary studies are carried out to find the relationship between the structure and properties of precursor fibers and the tensile strength of carbon fibers, including mechanical properties and co-monomers of precursor fibers.
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Liang, Jianghong. "Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fiber." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7613.

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Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), discovered in 1993, have good mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an important fiber for textiles as well as a precursor for carbon fibers. PAN has been produced since 1930s. In this study, we have processed SWNT/PAN fibers by dry-jet wet spinning. Purified SWNT, nitric acid treated SWNTs, and benzonitrile functionalized SWNTs have been used. Fiber processing was done in Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) and coagulation was done in DMF/water mixture. The coagulated fibers were drawn (draw ratio of 6) at 95 oC. Structure, orientation, and mechanical properties of these fibers have been studied. The cross-sections for all the fibers are not circular. Incorporation of SWNT in PAN results in improved mechanical properties, tensile modulus increased from 7.9 GPa for control PAN to 13.7 GPa for SWNT/PAN composite fiber, and functionalized SWNTs result in higher improvements with tensile modulus reaching 17.8 GPa for acid treated SWNT/PAN composite fibers. The theoretical analysis suggests that observed moduli of the composite fibers are consistent with the predicted values.
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Eyre, Kyle J. "Moisture absorption and stiffness degradation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite specimens exposed to accelerated environmental aging conditions." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313919681&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Mottaghitalab, Vahid. "Development and characterisation of polyaniline-carbon nanotube conducting composite fibres." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060731.095628/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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Jang-Kyo, Kim, ed. Carbon nanotubes for polymer reinforcement. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

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1935-, Adams Donald Frederick, and Langley Research Center, eds. Mechanical properties of neat polymer matrix materials and their unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Processing and properties of fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composites: I.IM7/LARC(TM)-PETI-7 polyimide composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Loewy, Robert G. Composite structural materials: Semi-annual progress report, September 30, 1984 through April 30, 1985. Troy, N.Y: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1985.

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Fitzer, Erich. Carbon Fibres and Their Composites: Based on papers presented at the International Conference on Carbon Fibre Applications, Sāo José dos Campos (SP), Brazil, 5-9 December 1983, which was jointly sponsored by the Centro Técnico Aerospacial, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the United Nations Financing System for Science and Technology for Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985.

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1923-, Donnet Jean-Baptiste, ed. Carbon fibers. 3rd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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Buckley, John D. Carbon-carbon materials and composites. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Gaier, James R. Prospects for using carbon-carbon composites for EMI shielding. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Materials Technology Conference (6th 1990 Carbondale, Ill.). Composite-technology. Carbondale, Ill: The Center, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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Mantelli, Andrea, Alessia Romani, Raffaella Suriano, Marinella Levi, and Stefano Turri. "Additive Manufacturing of Recycled Composites." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 141–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_8.

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AbstractAn additive remanufacturing process for mechanically recycled glass fibers and thermally recycled carbon fibers was developed. The main purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility of an additive remanufacturing process starting from recycled glass and carbon fibers to obtain a new photo- and thermally-curable composite. 3D printable and UV-curable inks were developed and characterized for new ad-hoc UV-assisted 3D printing apparatus. Rheological behavior was investigated and optimized considering the 3D printing process, the recyclate content, and the level of dispersion in the matrix. Some requirements for the new formulations were defined. Moreover, new printing apparatuses were designed and modified to improve the remanufacturing process. Different models and geometries were defined with different printable ink formulations to test material mechanical properties and overall process quality on the final pieces. To sum up, 3D printable inks with different percentages of recycled glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced polymers were successfully 3D printed.
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Mohamed, H., D. W. Bao, and R. Snooks. "Super Composite: Carbon Fibre Infused 3D Printed Tectonics." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 297–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_28.

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AbstractThis research posits an innovative process of embedding carbon fibre as the primary structure within large-scale polymer 3D printed intricate architectural forms. The design and technical implications of this research are explored and demonstrated through two proto-architectural projects, Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud, developed by the RMIT Architecture Snooks Research Lab. These projects are designed through a tectonic approach that we describe as a super composite – an approach that creates a compression of tectonics through algorithmic self-organisation and advanced manufacturing. Framed within a critical view of the lineage of polymer 3D printing and high tech fibres in the field of architectural design, the research outlines the limitations of existing robotic processes employed in contemporary carbon fibre fabrication. In response, the paper proposes an approach we describe as Infused Fibre Reinforced Plastic (IFRP) as a novel fabrication method for intricate geometries. This method involves 3D printing of sacrificial formwork conduits within the skin of complex architectural forms that are infused with continuous carbon fibre structural elements. Through detailed observation and critical review of Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud (Fig. 2), the paper assesses innovations and challenges of this research in areas including printing, detailing, structural analysis and FEA modelling. The paper notes how these techniques have been refined through the iterative design of the two projects, including the development of fibre distribution mapping to optimise the structural performance.
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Xiang, Dong. "Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Elastic Fibers of Conductive Polymer Composites." In Carbon-Based Conductive Polymer Composites, 113–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003218661-6.

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Dilsiz, Nursel, and Güneri Akovali. "Plasma surface modification of carbon fibers to improve adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites." In Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion, Volume 2, 215–24. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070419-13.

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Kormanikova, Eva, Milan Zmindak, and Peter Sabol. "Tensile Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite." In Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering, 763–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27053-7_64.

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Chikhradze, N. M., G. S. Abashidze, and L. A. Japaridze. "Investigation of the Polymer Composite Materials Reinforced by Hybrid Carbon and Basalt Fibers." In Supplemental Proceedings, 589–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118357002.ch74.

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Karthik, K., C. Rathinasuriyan, T. Raja, and R. Sankar. "Mechanical Characterization of Kenaf/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites with Different Stacking Sequence." In Bio-Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials, 175–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8899-7_10.

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Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B., and M. P. Wilkinson. "Fatigue of 2D and 3D Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites and of a Unitized Polymer/Ceramic Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature." In The Structural Integrity of Carbon Fiber Composites, 873–907. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46120-5_29.

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Singh, Kalyan Kumar, and Mahesh Shinde. "Low Velocity Impact on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates." In Impact Behavior of Fibre Reinforced Laminates, 107–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9439-4_4.

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Vijayanandh, R., G. Raj Kumar, P. Jagadeeshwaran, Vijayakumar Mathaiyan, M. Ramesh, and Dong Won Jung. "Comparative Numerical Analyses of Different Carbon Nanotubes Added with Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Composite." In Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites, 139–65. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003160946-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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PRATIK KOIRALA, PRATIK KOIRALA, OLIVER LIAM UITZ, ADEMOLA A. ORIDATE, CAROLYN CONNER SEEPERSAD, and MEHRAN TEHRANI. "REACTIVE EXTRUSION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF A SHORT FIBER REINFORCED THERMOSET COMPOSITE." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35759.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) of high-performance composites has gained increasing interest over the last few years. Commercially available AM technologies often use thermoplastics as they are easy to process, i.e., to melt and re-solidify. However, thermosetting polymers generally achieve superior mechanical properties and thermostability. This study investigates reactive extrusion additive manufacturing (REAM) of a thermosetting polymer reinforced with carbon fibers. The process utilizes highly exothermic and fast curing resin/catalyst systems, eliminating the need for post-curing. The rheological properties of the liquid resin are first tuned for REAM using ~2wt.% fumed silica and ~10vol.% milled carbon fibers. Then, a robotic arm is used to print the composite samples. The coupons’ longitudinal and transverse tensile properties are measured and correlated with the degree of cure, porosity, fiber length distribution, and fiber orientation distribution. The incorporation of milled carbon fibers, 50-200 m long, primarily affects the stiffness. Compared to neat polymer parts, carbon fiber reinforced composites are 51% stiffer and 8% stronger. In addition, polymeric crosslinking between part layers resulted in strong inter-layer bonding. Short fibers were also randomly oriented within parts due to the nozzle size and shape, resulting in nearly isotropic parts. The results presented here pave the road for fast and low-energy AM of high-performance composites.
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Hsiao, Kuang-Ting, James Ryals, Peter H. Wu, and Ming C. Liu. "Mechanical Property Characterization of Multiscale Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanofibers Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12937.

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Multiscale polymeric composite laminate reinforced by carbon micro-fibers (CFs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is fabricated via an in-house developed prepreg and vacuum bag/compression molding process. The multiscale fiber system is expected to form a multiscale fiber reinforcement network inside the composite. As a result, the mechanical properties of the prepreg-processed multiscale composite laminate are expected to be different from the traditional carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate. This CNFs modified multiscale composite laminate is tested for its mechanical strength with respect to various important properties for composite aerostructures. The effects of the CNFs in the matrix sensitive properties and in the carbon micro-fiber dominated properties of the multiscale composite are revealed.
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Uribe, Braian E. B., Alessandra C. Soares-Pozzi, and José R. Tarpani. "NANOCELLULOSE-COATED CARBON FIBERS TOWARDS DEVELOPING HIERARCHICAL POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES." In Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/bccm4.2018.13.09.

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LANGHORST, AMY, ANSHUL SINGHAL, DEBORAH MIELEWSKI, MIHAELA BANU, and ALAN TAUB. "NANOPARTICLE MODIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBERS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35868.

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Natural fibers are a lightweight, carbon negative alternative to synthetic reinforcing agents in polymer composites. However, natural fibers typically exhibit lower mechanical performance than glass fibers due to weak interfacial adhesion between plant cells in the fiber and damage to the fibers during extraction from a plant stem. However, improvement of natural fiber mechanical performance could enable their wide-scale incorporation in structural composite applications, significantly reducing composite weight and carbon footprint. This study seeks to develop a novel, cost-effective method to significantly improve natural fiber stiffness via repair of damage caused by extraction and/ or stiffening of the weak cellular interfaces within a natural fiber. Supercritical fluids have been shown to be capable of swelling and plasticizing amorphous polymers, increasing additive absorption. In this work. supercritical-carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as a solvent to assist with infusion of nanoparticles into flax fibers at pressures ranging from 1200-4000psi. Fiber analysis with Plasma Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (PFIB-SEM) showed that nanoparticles were capable of penetrating and bridging openings between cells, suggesting the ability for nanoparticle treatment to assist with crack repair. Additionally, treated fibers contained uniform surface coatings of nanoparticles, potentially reducing fiber porosity and modifying interfacial properties when embedded in a polymer matrix. Overall, this method of nanoparticle reinforcement of natural fibers could enable development of high-performance lightweight, low-carbon footprint composites for transportation or industrial applications.
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Pagano, Claudia, Vito Basile, Rossella Surace, Roberto Terzi, Monica Schioppa, Barbara Palazzo, and Irene Fassi. "Carbon/PEEK/Zirconia Hybrid Composite for High-Performance Applications." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89906.

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Abstract Hybrid polymer composites are very promising for applications in a wide variety of sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, robotics, energy and construction. These materials consist of a polymer matrix and two or more fillers, which synergically interact resulting in enhanced specific properties and performance. Among hybrid polymer composites, those based on carbon fibers reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (C-PEEK) are gaining a primary role for their excellent mechanical and chemical properties; zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles can further enhance these properties, improving also the wear resistance. In this paper, a new hybrid C-PEEK+ZrO2 composite has been studied and its mechanical properties compared with its reference composite C-PEEK.
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Magdee, Thinnakorn, Darunee Aussawasathien, Sa-Nguansak Sriphalang, and Kittipong Hrimchum. "Silver modified polyarylonitrile-activated carbon composite fibers via electrospinning process." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPE/AFRICA CONFERENCE DRESDEN 2017 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084833.

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BARNETT, PHILIP R., NADIM S. HMEIDAT, and DAYAKAR PENUMADU. "NEAR ZERO-WASTE MANUFACTURING OF CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36464.

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Organosheet composite scrap made from polyphenylene sulfide reinforced with long recycled carbon fibers was reprocessed to produce compression molding compounds. No additional polymer was added to the process, making this a demonstration of closed-loop recyclability in composites manufacturing. The recyclate, produced by hammer-milling organosheet trimmings, was sieved and the resulting particulate geometry was measured to predict the fiber length in the molded composites. Tensile testing of the composites revealed that high stiffness parts (tensile modulus greater than 13 GPa) can be achieved using particulate molding compounds, but that tensile strength was significantly degraded. Still, the isotropic molded composites exhibited a greater than 18.8% increase in tensile strength over the neat polymer. Evaluation of the composite microstructure via optical microscopy revealed that fiber packing played a significant role in the tensile strength of the particulate composites, indicating that microstructural heterogeneity should be avoided to maximize the properties of composites made of recycled organosheet waste.
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Rahman, Mosfequr, F. N. U. Aktaruzzaman, Saheem Absar, Aniruddha Mitra, and Awlad Hossain. "Finite Element Analysis of Polyurethane Based Composite Shafts Under Different Boundary Conditions." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37753.

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Depending on the type of matrix materials, composites can be broadly divided into three different major classifications: Organic-matrix composites (OMC), metal-matrix composites (MMC), and ceramic-matrix composites (CMC). OMC can be further sub-classified into polymer-matrix composites (PMC) and carbon-matrix composites or carbon-carbon composites. In this paper the main objective is to focus on polyurethane based PMC composites. Polyurethane is one of the widely used polymer matrix materials. It has diversified applications, easily available and cheap. In this computational study a composite shaft with a core made of matrix material completely wrapped around by a woven fiber cloth with a very strong bonding between core and fibers is considered. Three different types of woven fibers: fiber glass, Kevlar 49, and carbon fibers, are considered. A woven fabric is the interlocking or weaving of two unidirectional fibers. This configuration is often used to produce curve surfaces because of the ease with which it could be placed on and conform to curved surfaces. Authors had fabricated these three composites in their in-house laboratory. They had also experimentally measured the mechanical properties of these composites using 3-point bending test which already been published. In this current study finite element analyses has been performed for the modeling of the static response of these three different polyurethane based composite shafts as fiber glass reinforced polyurethane epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane epoxy, and Kevlar fibers reinforced polyurethane epoxy for three different boundary conditions. These three boundary conditions are simply supported, cantilever, both end fixed types with bending loads applied at the middle for simply supported case and distributed load along the length of the shaft for the last two types of boundary conditions. A three dimensional model of the composite beam has been implemented in this study using SolidWorks. A finite element commercial software ANSYS is used to investigate the stress response and deformation behavior of the model geometry for these three polyurethane based composite shafts for these three boundary conditions. A twenty node three dimensional element has been implemented for the finite element formulation of the modeled geometry such that it is applicable for the analysis of a layered composite structure, while providing support for linear, large rotation, and large strain nonlinear loading conditions. Convergence has also been ensured for various mash configurations in this work.
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LANGHORST,, AMY, ELISA HARRISON, ANSHUL SINGHAL, MIHAELA BANU, and ALAN TAUB. "REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL FIBERS VIA SUPERCRITICAL FLUID INFILTRATION OF NANOPARTICLES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36411.

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In recent years, consumer products have been increasingly utilizing sustainable materials to attempt to reduce the product’s carbon footprint. For example, the automotive industry has incorporated a variety of natural fiber polymer composites on vehicles in the last 20 years, including wheat straw in the Ford Flex and flax fibers on the Polestar Precept and the Porsche Cayman GT4 Clubsport. However, natural fibers exhibit lower strength and stiffness in comparison to synthetic reinforcing agents, such as glass fiber. In this work, the authors are developing a technique to improve the mechanical performance of flax fibers for use in structural composites. Supercritical fluids, including supercritical-carbon dioxide (scCO2), have been shown to swell and plasticize amorphous polymers, resulting in increased mass transport and absorption of additives. The weak intercellular region within flax fibers, commonly called the middle lamella, consists mainly of amorphous pectin. In this work, the authors hypothesize that scCO2 could be used to swell amorphous polymers in a fiber’s structure (e.g. pectin) and enable reinforcement with nanoparticles, resulting in fiber performance enhancement. Pectin films were created for proof-of-concept experiments and treated with scCO2 at pressures ranging from 1200-4000psi in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2). TiO2 nanoparticles were shown to be able to enter pectin films upon treatment with scCO2 for 24 hours. The same treatment process was used on dew retted, mechanically extracted flax fibers and after treatment for 24 hours, the average tensile strength of the fibers was improved by over 40%. Overall, this method of incorporation of nanoparticles within natural fibers could enable development of low-density, low-carbon footprint polymeric composites for use in structural industrial applications.
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ZIAEE, MORTEZA, and MOSTAFA YOURDKHANI. "3D PRINTING OF SHORT CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES VIA FRONTAL POLYMERIZATIONMORTEZA ZIAEE." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35949.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) of polymer composites is a growing field in academic and industrial research environment. Majority of research in this field is focused on thermoplastic-based composites, as manufacturing of thermoset composites requires long cure cycles that make the additive manufacturing process quite challenging. Even though thermoplastic composites are easier to print, the ultimate performance of composites is limited by low fiber volume fraction, relatively high porosity, and low mechanical performance of host polymers. Recently, a novel curing strategy based on frontal polymerization (FP) has been developed that enables 3D printing of high-quality thermoset polymers. In this approach, a monomer solution with a gel-like viscosity is in-situ cured following the extrusion from printing nozzle by a self-sustaining reaction front. In the present work, we use dicyclopentadiene as a thermoset resin that can be frontally polymerized to a high-performance solid polymer. We add short carbon fiber reinforcements (L ~74 μm) to resin to fabricate mechanically robust 3D composite structures. Our results show that incorporation of short fibers substantially improves the flexural strength and flexural modulus of 3D-printed composites by ~50 % and ~410 %, respectively, compared to traditionally molded neat samples. Optical microscopy from the crosssection of flexural samples reveals that no voids was formed within deposition lines.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon fibers polymer composite"

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Lee, H. K., and S. Simunovic. A Micromechanical Constitutive Model of Progressive Crushing in Random Carbon Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754359.

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Morgan, Roger J., Jim Caruthers, Lawrence T. Drzal, Chuk Leung, and Eugene Shin. The Durability Characterization of High Temperature Polymer Matrix - Carbon Fiber Composites for Future Air Force Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389119.

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Burton, R. G., and R. A. Burton. Wear resistant composite structure of vitreous carbon containing convoluted fibers. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/244616.

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Seferis, James C. Structural Foaming at the Nano-, Micro-, and Macro-Scales of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581879.

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Giedd, Ryan, Matt Curry, Paul Durham, and Norm Dobson. Biosensors Made From Carbon and Polymer Composite Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426181.

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Giedd, Ryan, Matt Curry, Paul Durham, and Norm Dobson. Biosensors Made from Carbon and Polymer Composite Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419760.

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Kumar, Satish, Han G. Chae, Marilyn Minus, and Asif Rasheed. Stabilization and Carbonization of Gel Spun Polyacrylonitrile/Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465660.

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Burton, R. G., and R. A. Burton. Wear resistant composite structure of vitreous carbon containing convoluted fibers. Quarterly report No. 4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/64183.

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Savona, V., and H. E. Martz. Study of carbon-polymer composite samples using an area-array CT scanner. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/188918.

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Stansberry, Peter G., and John W. Zondlo. COAL DERIVED MATRIX PITCHES FOR CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MANUFACTURE/PRODUCTION OF FIBERS AND COMPOSITES FROM COAL-BASED PRECURSORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801029.

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