Relevant bibliographies by topics / CARBON EXCHANGE

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CARBON EXCHANGE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Schunemann, H. J., and R. A. Klocke. "Influence of carbon dioxide kinetics on pulmonary carbon dioxide exchange." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.715.

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In the absence of erythrocytes, carbonic anhydrase (CA) localized to the pulmonary capillary endothelium catalyzes the dehydration of bicarbonate to CO2. We studied the effects of lung CA and the reactions of CO2 on CO2 excretion in isolated lungs perfused with buffer. In indicator-dilution experiments, recoveries of dissolved CO2 and acetylene (C2H2) in the venous effluent were delayed significantly compared with a vascular indicator because the gases were distributed in both the vascular and alveolar volumes. In a second group of experiments, the kinetics of CO2 excretion were monitored with a plethysmographic method after injection of a bolus containing dissolved CO2 or bicarbonate. Exchange was compared with excretion of dissolved C2H2. The rate of excretion of dissolved CO2 and C2H2 was identical, indicating that CO2 is exchanged in the same manner as an inert gas. When bicarbonate was injected, CO2 excretion lagged behind C2H2 excretion by approximately 0.3 s. Inhibition of lung CA with acetazolamide reduced the quantity of CO2 exchanged to one-fourth of control and decreased the delay in exchange by one-half.
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Reich, P. B. "The Carbon Dioxide Exchange." Science 329, no. 5993 (August 12, 2010): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1194353.

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Jancevičiūtė, Renata, and Audronė Gefenienė. "SORPTION OF COPPER (II) AND NONIONIC SURFACTANT BY ION EXCHANGERS AND ACTIVATED CARBON." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636897.

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Ion exchange resins, which are widely used for the removal of copper (II) ions from effluents, can also sorb nonionic surfactants entering into the wastewater with copper (II) ions simultaneously after various industrial processes. The study of equilibrium sorption of copper (II) and nonionic surfactant Lutensol AO‐10 under laboratory conditions by different types of ion exchangers and activated carbon has shown that the Purolite S950 chelating ion exchanger has the highest sorption capacity for copper (II) ions. Ion exchangers with carboxylic functional groups demonstrate the highest affinity for nonionic surfactant. Purolite C107E weak acid cation exchanger could be suitable for the cosorption of copper (II) ions and nonionic surfactant Lutensol AO‐10. Kinetic study of this ion exchange resin leads to a conclusion that the sorption of copper (II) ions was a fast process, and after 30 min the equilibrium was attained. When the concentration of copper (II) solution decreases, difference between the sorption capacity of various ion exchangers decrease. The influence of nonionic surfactant on the sorption of copper (II) is insignificant.
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Rostami, Mohammadreza Hasandust, Gholamhassan Najafi, Ali Motevalli, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, and Muhammad Arif Harun. "Evaluation and Improvement of Thermal Energy of Heat Exchangers with SWCNT, GQD Nanoparticles and PCM (RT82)." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.1.153168.

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Today, due to the reduction of energy resources in the world and its pollutants, energy storage methods and increase the thermal efficiency of various systems are very important. In this research, the thermal efficiency and energy storage of two heat exchangers have been investigated in series using phase change materials (RT82) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and graphene quantum dot nanoparticles (GQD) In this research, two heat exchangers have been used in combination. The first heat exchanger was in charge of storing thermal energy and the second heat exchanger was in charge of heat exchange. The reason for this is to improve the heat exchange of the main exchanger (shell and tube) by using heat storage in the secondary exchanger, which has not been addressed in previous research. The results of this study showed that using two heat exchangers in series, the thermal efficiency of the system has increased. Also, the heat energy storage of the double tube heat exchanger was obtained using phase change materials in the single-walled carbon nanotube composition of about 3000 W. The average thermal efficiency of the two heat exchangers as the series has increased by 52%. In general, the effect of the two heat exchangers on each other was investigated in series with two approaches (energy storage and energy conversion) using fin and nanoparticles, which obtained convincing results.
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Leuning, R., and Gui-Rui Yu. "Carbon exchange research in ChinaFLUX." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 137, no. 3-4 (April 2006): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.02.002.

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Höll, W. H., and K. Hagen. "Partial demineralisation of drinking water using carbon dioxide regenerated ion exchangers." Water Supply 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0007.

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CARIX is an ion exchange process which usually applies a mixed bed consisting of a weakly acidic and a strongly basic exchanger material. Carbon dioxide is applied as the only chemical for regeneration of the exchangers. As a consequence, the effluent contains only the amount of salt eliminated during the service cycle. CARIX allows a combined partial softening/dealkalisation/sulfate/nitrate of drinking water. A modification of the process uses exclusively a weakly acidic cation exchanger and allows a softening/dealkalisation. The process has been realised for drinking water treatment in five full-scale plants in Germany. Results of operation demonstrate that an excellent water quality is provided at fairly low cost.
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Perry, S. F. "Carbon dioxide excretion in fishes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-083.

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The pattern and control of carbon dioxide excretion in fish is reviewed with particular emphasis on the site(s) of bicarbonate dehydration, the involvement of diffusive and convective processes, and the relationship with ionic and acid–base regulation. The principal route for carbon dioxide excretion in fish involves the catalysed dehydration of plasma bicarbonate within erythrocytes to form physically dissolved CO2 and the subsequent diffusion of physically dissolved CO2 across the gill epithelium. It is likely that bicarbonate entry into the erythrocyte in exchange for intracellular chloride, rather than branchial CO2 diffusion or blood/water convection, is the rate-limiting process in carbon dioxide excretion, although a change in any one of these factors will affect overall CO2 elimination. Additionally, a relatively minor amount of CO2 is hydrated within gill epithelial cells to form H+ and HCO3− ions that are exchanged for Cl− ions and Na+ ions, respectively. Evidence is presented indicating that branchial and erythrocytic HCO3−/Cl− exchanges are under adrenergic control and that modulations of these processes by elevated levels of circulating catecholamines may be important in regulating acid–base disturbances.
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Watanabe, Kenta, Goro Yoshida, Masakazu Hori, Yu Umezawa, Hirotada Moki, and Tomohiro Kuwae. "Macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows can create significant carbon sinks." Biogeosciences 17, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2425-2020.

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Abstract. Macroalgal beds have drawn attention as one of the vegetated coastal ecosystems that act as atmospheric CO2 sinks. Although macroalgal metabolism as well as inorganic and organic carbon flows are important pathways for CO2 uptake by macroalgal beds, the relationships between macroalgal metabolism and associated carbon flows are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated carbon flows, including air–water CO2 exchange and budgets of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in a temperate macroalgal bed during the productive months of the year. To assess the key mechanisms responsible for atmospheric CO2 uptake by the macroalgal bed, we estimated macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows (i.e., carbon exchanges between the macroalgal bed and the offshore area) by using field measurements of carbon species, a field-bag method, a degradation experiment, and mass-balance modeling in a temperate Sargassum bed over a diurnal cycle. Our results showed that macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows driven by water exchange affected air–water CO2 exchange in the macroalgal bed and the surrounding waters. Macroalgal metabolism caused overlying waters to contain low concentrations of CO2 and high concentrations of DOC that were efficiently exported offshore from the macroalgal bed. These results indicate that the exported water can potentially lower CO2 concentrations in the offshore surface water and enhance atmospheric CO2 uptake. Furthermore, the Sargassum bed exported 6 %–35 % of the macroalgal net community production (NCP; 302–1378 mmol C m−2 d−1) as DOC to the offshore area. The results of degradation experiments showed that 56 %–78 % of macroalgal DOC was refractory DOC (RDOC) that persisted for 150 d; thus, the Sargassum bed exported 5 %–20 % of the macroalgal NCP as RDOC. Our findings suggest that macroalgal beds in habitats associated with high water exchange rates can create significant CO2 sinks around them and export a substantial amount of DOC to offshore areas.
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Barcza, Zoltáan, Láaszlóo Haszpra, Hiroaki Kondo, Nobuko Saigusa, Susumu Yamamoto, and Judit Bartholy. "Carbon exchange of grass in Hungary." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55, no. 2 (January 2003): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16695.

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Krueger, Harold W. "Exchange of carbon with biological apatite." Journal of Archaeological Science 18, no. 3 (May 1991): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(91)90071-v.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Levy, Peter E. "Carbon dioxide exchange of Sahelian vegetation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12411.

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Measurements of leaf and ecosystems scale CO2 flux were made at the millet, fallow and tiger bush sites at the HAPEX-Sahel Southern supersite. These were analysed in relation to biological and environmental variables. In the five species studied, leaf scale photosynthesis was strongly influenced by photosynthetic photon flux density (Q) and stomatal conductance, and was well described by the non-rectangular hyperbola model of Jarvis, Miranda and Muetzelfeldt (1985). Stem respiration was measured in two species, and increased exponentially with temperature. Stem respiration rates were higher in the wet season than in the dry season and this difference was used to separate growth and maintenance respiration. Effects of Q and sap flow on stem CO2 efflux were observed. A small number of soil respiration measurements were also made. Direct measurements of leaf area index, biomass and canopy structure were made at the millet and fallow sites. Two indirect methods of estimating leaf area index, from hemispherical photographs and measurements of transmitted Q, were used to all three sites. Together with measurements of canopy structure at each site, the measurements of leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and stem soil respiration were used to parameterise two models which predict ecosystem net CO2 flux: a simple one-dimensional "big leaf" model and a complex three-dimensional model "MAESTRO". Model predictions were compared with independent ecosystem flux measurements made by eddy covariance. Generally, both models agreed well with measurements at all three sites. Differences between measurements and predictions were very small in millet and largest in tiger bush, and were attributed to the effect of canopy heterogeneity on eddy covariance measurements and the accuracy with which canopy structure parameters could be estimated.
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Meir, Patrick William. "The exchange of carbon dioxide in tropical forest." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12648.

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This study investigated the structure of, and carbon dioxide fluxes at, a 'primary' rain forest (PRF) in SW Amazonia, Brazil, and a distributed secondary rain forest (SRF) in SW Cameroon. The total above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) at PRF were respectively 220 (±95% c.l. 48) Mg ha-1 and 4.0 (±95% c.l. 0.7) m2 m-2, and at SRF 90 (±95% c.l. 9.4) Mg ha-1 and 4.4 (±95% c.l. 0.9) m2 m-2. A novel method was devised to quantify the vertical profile in LAI: SRF was distinguished from PRF by a higher concentration of leaf area near the ground. Three methods were used to determine the flux of CO2 from soil and gave overall agreement (static and dynamic chambers, and eddy covariance). The mean soil efflux in PRF and SRF was respectively 5.5 μmol m-2 s-1 (±95% c.l. 0.2; n = 42) and 4.5 μmol m-2 s-1 (±95% c.l. 0.2; n = 178) at 20 - 24 °C. The temperature response was higher in PRF than SRF (Q10 = 2.3 vs 1.9). Soil efflux rates were also obtained from cerrado vegetation in central Brazil, where the efflux was 3.2 μmol m-2 s-1 (±95% c.l. 0.2; n = 10) the Q10 1.6, at 16 - 23 °C. Heterogeneity in emission was higher in SRF than in PRF and could be described by a non-linear model incorporating the variables: soil temperature, organic carbon and total nitrogen (r2 = 0.82). Carbon was the most important variable determining respiration in SRF; soil moisture was not limiting. There was no observable effect of season on efflux rates in either rain forest, but a decline occurred in cerrado during the dry season. Effluxes of CO2 were measured from stems and branches of diameter 0.002 m - 1.6 m in 24 species in PRF and 17 species in SRF; emission rates were 0.1 - 3.3 μmol m-2 s -1 with a Q10 of 1.8 in PRF, and 0.2 - 5.2 μmol m-2 s -1 with a Q10 of 1.6 in SRF. Maintenance respiration was 80% and construction respiration 20% of total woody tissue respiration (Rt) in SRF. A functional model described the relationship between Rt and diameter in SRF better than a purely empirical one (r2 = 0.66). A novel method was devised in estimate sap CO2 concentrations which in SRF were 1.2 - 11.0 nmol 1-1 for Distemonanthus benthamianus and Musanga cecropioides. Sap CO2 levels were highly sensitive to sap pH, and represented 1 - 30% of cuvette-measured leaf photosynthesis. Maintenance leaf respiration (Rm) was measured through the vertical profile during the night in PRF and SRF. Rm increased with height at both sites: ˜0.2 in PRF vs ˜0.3 in SRF at 1.5 m and ˜0.5 in PRF vs ˜0.9 in SRF at 26 m (values normalised to 22 °C, units: μmol m-2 s-1). Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations (Nleaf and Pleaf) declined with height in the canopy. Pleaf concentrations were higher in SRF than PRF where Pleaf appeared to limit respiration. Rm was not significantly related.
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Coetzee, Johannes Wilhelm. "The ion exchange phenomenon of acetylene black." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/909.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1996
Acetylene Black IACB) IS a pure form of carbon which is used in the battery, plastics, printing and rubber industries. It is extensively used in the battery industry to absorb electrolyte and to lower the electrical resistance of dry cell batteries. It is the attempt of this thesis, to investigate the surface characteristics '---------._-- -,- ...• -...•--- .. ------.. _.. --- "'- and structure of ACB by using it as an adsorbent for cyanide complexes, in particular gold cyanide. The thesis is predominantly aimed at identifying the mechanism of metal cyanide adsorption onto ACB, viz. ion exchange and/or physical adsorption. In order to quantify the mechanism of adsorption, comparative studies with other adsorbents currently used in the mining industry, such as activated carbon, were conducted. These studies revealed various similarities in the metal adsorption process between ACB and activated carbon, thus indicating physical adsorption rather than ion exchange to be the dominant mechanism for metal adsorption from solution. The rate of metal adsorption onto acetylene black was relatively fast compared to activated carbon. Furthermore, adsorption profiles revealed that intraparticle diffusion was negligible when a metal was adsorbed onto ACB from solution. This indicates that acetylene black has a predominantly amorphous structure, although X-ray diffractrometry indicates a certain degree of graphitisation associated with ACB. The small surface area of ACB, together with the lack of intraparticle diffusion, resulted in the rapid attainment of the equilibrium metal loading on ACB. Moreover, this equilibrium metal loading was far less than that of activated carbon and ionexchange resin. While pH, temperature and strong oxidizing agents had a marked effect on the adsorption profile of metal cyanides onto ACB, the effect of oxygen enrichment and organic solvents was negligible. Furthermore, the adsorption of gold onto ACB is best explained by a Freundlich-type isotherm. As is the case with activated carbon and ion exchange resin, gold is eluted from ACB by a NaOH solution. It was also found that the elution efficiency is influenced by a change in temperature. Changes in operating variables in the production of ACB had an effect on the absorption stiffness of the product. Both an increase in acetylene feed rate and operating temperature reduced the absorption stiffness of the product.
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Harry, I. D. "Modification and characterisation of carbon fibre ion exchange media." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14123.

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This thesis examines the use of electrochemically treated viscose rayon based activated carbon cloth (ACC) for the removal of metal ions from aqueous effluent streams. Two types of treatment were performed: (i) electrochemical oxidation and (ii) electrochemical reduction to enhance cation and anion sorption capacities of the ACC, respectively. Electrochemical oxidation resulted in a loss of 61% BET surface area due to blockage of pores through formation of carboxylic acidic groups but its cation exchange capacity and oxygen content increased by 365% and 121%, respectively. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and oxidation time at any extent of oxidation to produce ACC of maximum cation exchange capacity was found to be 1.1 A, with voltage of 4.2 V and current density of 0.8 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum copper and lead sorption capacities for electrochemically oxidised ACC increased 17 and 4 times, respectively, for noncompetitive sorption and 8.8 and 8.6 times, respectively for competitive sorption. Therefore, electrochemically oxidised ACC is an effective adsorbent for treating aqueous solution contaminated with copper/lead in both single component and multi-component systems. Industrial wastewaters are multicomponent systems, therefore, electrochemical oxidation of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing lead and copper ions sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment. Electrochemical reduction resulted in a loss of 28% BET surface area due to formation of ether groups but its anion exchange capacity increased by 292%. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and reduction time at any extent of reduction to produce ACC of maximum anion exchange capacity was found to be 5.5 A, with voltage of 9.8 V and current density of 6.4 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity for electrochemically reduced ACC increased 2.12 times, with highest maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity of 3.8 mmol/g at solution pH 4. Most industrial wastewaters contaminated with chromium(VI) are highly acidic, therefore, electrochemical reduction of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing chromium(VI) sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Hunt, S. "Photosynthetic gas exchange and carbon metabolism in Moricandia arvensis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356607.

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Matsuo, Naoko. "Evaluation of Leaf Gas Exchange Using Carbon Isotopic Analysis." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148980.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第10254号
農博第1326号
新制||農||866(附属図書館)
学位論文||H15||N3775(農学部図書室)
UT51-2003-H675
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 谷 誠, 教授 櫻谷 哲夫, 教授 森本 幸裕
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Glenn, Aaron James, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Growing season carbon dioxide exchange of two contrasting peatland ecosystems." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/259.

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The CO2 flux of two peatlands in northern Alberta was examind during the 2004 growing season using eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), chamber measurements of total ecosystem respiration, and empirical models driven by meteorological inputs. The two ecosystems, a poor fen and an extreme-rich fen, differed significantly in plant species composition, leaf area index, aboveground biomass and surface water chemistry. The mean diurnal pattern of NEE at the peak of the season was similar between the sites, however, the extreme-rich fen had a higher photosynthetic and respiratory capacity than the poor fen. Over the 6 month study, the poor fen was shown to accumulate between 2 to 3 times more carbon than the extreme-rich fen despite having a lower photosynthetic capacity. The evergreen nature of the poor fen site allowed for a longer season of net CO2 uptake than the deciduous species that dominated the extreme-rich fen.
xii, 126 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
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Singleton-Jones, Paul. "Elevated carbon dioxide and gas exchange in groundnut and sorghum." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243686.

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Beckley, Philip D. "Gas exchange during apneic oxygenation with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555440255.

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Carlson, Peter John, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Seasonal and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a mixed grassland." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/115.

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Seasonal and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a mixed grassland by Peter Carlson Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Lawrence Flanagan Department of Biological Science Eddy covariance measurements were carried out to document the seasonal and inter-annual variation in CO2 flux in a mixed prairie grassland. There was very different net ecosystem carbon exchange between the two years of study. In 1998 the maximum net ecosystem carbon exchange was 4.95 g C m-2d-1, compared to 2.50 g C m-2d-1 in 1999. The most important environment control on CO2 uptake was volumetric soil moisture content through its affect on leaf area index. There was evidence of stomatal limitation of CO2 uptake, during periods of atmospheric drought. The total seasonal net ecosystem carbon gain for 1998 was 190.0 g C m-2, compared with 46.8 g C m-2 in 1999. This grassland is a large carbon sink in a growing season of above normal precipitation. In a year of normal summer precipitation, this grassland is a small carbon sink, replacing slightly more carbon than is lost through winter respiration.
xi, 99 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Books on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Hunt, Stephen. Photosynthetic gas exchange and carbon metabolism in "Moricandia arvensis". Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Dore, C. J. The exchange of carbon dioxide between vegetation and the atmosphere. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Borren, Wiebe. Carbon exchange in western Siberian watershed mires and implication for the greenhouse effect: A spatial temporal modeling approach. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 2007.

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Borren, Wiebe. Carbon exchange in western Siberian watershed mires and implication for the greenhouse effect: A spatial temporal modeling approach. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2007.

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Borren, Wiebe. Carbon exchange in western Siberian watershed mires and implication for the greenhouse effect: A spatial temporal modeling approach. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2005.

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Genootschap, Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig, Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, and Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek., eds. Carbon exchange in western Siberian watershed mires and implication for the greenhouse effect: A spatial temporal modeling approach. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 2007.

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Wheeler, R. M. Carbon dioxide and water exchange rates by a wheat crop in NASA's biomass production chamber: Results from an 86-day study (January to April 1989). [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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Wheeler, R. M. Carbon dioxide and water exchange rates by a wheat crop in NASA's biomass production chamber: Results from an 86-day study (January to April 1989). [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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Asplund, Richard W. Profiting from clean energy: A complete guide to trading green in solar, wind, ethanol, fuel cell, power efficiency, carbon credit industries, and more. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.

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Muller, M. S. Oxygen consumption of tilapia and preliminary mass flows through a prototype closed aquaculture system. Kennedy Space Center, Fla: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Swenson, E. R. "Kinetics of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange." In Vertebrate Gas Exchange, 163–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75380-0_6.

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Watson, Andrew. "Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Carbon Dioxide." In The Global Carbon Cycle, 397–411. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84608-3_16.

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Bouillon, Steven, and Rod M. Connolly. "Carbon Exchange Among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems." In Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, 45–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0_3.

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Groszek, A. J., and M. J. Templer. "Heats of Sorption of Gold and Platinum Complexes on a Graphitic Carbon and an Ion Exchanger." In Ion Exchange Advances, 175–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_23.

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Esser, Gerd. "Carbon Exchange Between the Terrestrial Biosphere and the Atmosphere." In The Global Carbon Cycle, 261–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84608-3_11.

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Dolman, A. Johannes, Joel Noilhan, Lieselotte Tolk, Thomas Lauvaux, Michiel van der Molen, Christoph Gerbig, Franco Miglietta, and Gorka Pérez-Landa. "Regional Measurements and Modelling of Carbon Exchange." In Ecological Studies, 285–307. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76570-9_14.

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Bhalla, Gunjan, Anupamdeep Sharma, Vaneet Kumar, Barjinder Bhalla, Saruchi, and Harsh Kumar. "Use of Carbon Nanomaterials as Potential Ion-Exchange." In Environmental Remediation Through Carbon Based Nano Composites, 231–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6699-8_11.

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Hopkinson, Charles S. "Patterns of Organic Carbon Exchange between Coastal Ecosystems." In Coastal-Offshore Ecosystem Interactions, 122–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52452-3_6.

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Siegenthaler, Ulrich. "Carbon Dioxide: Its Natural Cycle and Anthropogenic Perturbation." In The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, 209–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4738-2_9.

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Wu, Desheng Dash, and David L. Olson. "Pricing of Carbon Emission Exchange in the EU ETS." In Enterprise Risk Management in Finance, 183–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137466297_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Singh, Rashmi, Ashish Singh, D. K. Kohli, M. K. Singh, and P. K. Gupta. "Pt loaded carbon aerogel catalyst for catalytic exchange reactions between water and hydrogen gas." In CARBON MATERIALS 2012 (CCM12): Carbon Materials for Energy Harvesting, Environment, Nanoscience and Technology. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810034.

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Rudd, C. "Global knowledge exchange and the low carbon economy." In 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0463.

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Rodrigues, A., J. C. Amphlett, R. F. Mann, B. A. Peppley, and P. R. Roberge. "Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells." In IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecec.1997.660236.

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Ning, Zhe, Yan Wang, and Yingli Huang. "European Option Binomial Tree Method in the Carbon Trading Exchange on the Condition "Carbon Finance"." In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5749040.

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Sobotka, Piotr, Piotr Lesiak, Marcin Bieda, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Low-cost photonic sensors for carbon dioxide exchange rate measurement." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2282162.

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Huemmrich, K. Fred, Elizabeth M. Middleton, Guillaume Drolet, Forrest G. Hall, Hank Margolis, and Robert G. Knox. "Determining ecosystem light use efficiency for carbon exchange from satellite." In Optics East 2005, edited by Yud-Ren Chen, George E. Meyer, and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.630522.

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Feigley, C., D. Salzberg, B. Childers, and R. Semeniuc. "208. Determining Air Exchange Rates in Schools through Carbon Dioxide Monitoring." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2757884.

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Leoni, Mario, Lee Frederickson, and Fletcher Miller. "Oxidation Rate Analysis of Carbon Nanoparticles for a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6648.

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A new experimental set-up has been introduced at San Diego State University’s Combustion and Solar Energy Lab to study the thermal oxidation characteristics of in-situ generated carbon particles in air at high pressure. The study is part of a project developing a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) utilizing concentrated solar power to run a Brayton cycle. The oxidation data obtained will further be used in different existing and planned computer models in order to accurately predict reactor temperatures and flow behavior in the SPHER. The carbon black particles were produced by thermal decomposition of natural gas at 1250 °C and a pressure of 5.65 bar (82 psi). Particles were analyzed using a Diesel Particle Scatterometer (DPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to have a 310 nm average diameter. The size distribution and the complex index of refraction were measured and the data were used to calculate the specific extinction cross section γ of the spherical particles. The oxidation rate was determined using 2 extinction tubes and a tube furnace and the values were compared to literature. The activation energy of the carbon particles was determined to be 295.02 kJ/mole which is higher than in comparable studies. However, the oxidation of carbon particles bigger than 100 nm is hardly studied and almost no previous data is available at these conditions.
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Nguyen, Khe C., Sinh T. Do, and Thong V. De. "Novel Proton Exchange Membrane Utilizing Nano Composite for Fuel Cell Application." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17013.

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In the present report, we conducted the study of chemical top down process which seems to provide better efficiency and better cost saving than the physical top down in the fabrication of nano scale, especially, when applying to carbon materials. It is found that the chemical top down performs effectively with multiple attachments of electrolytic groups onto the surface of the carbon powder by diazo coupling reaction. As a result, we are able to isolate the nano scale of carbon particles with strong polar solvents such as water and believe that it is due to electrostatic repulsive force between same sign charges existing in the polarized electrolytic groups... The cleavage of azo bond in a naked carbon product can occur above 110oC in ambient condition but can also escape by a nano composite structure using specific emulsion polymer as binder matrix. Electrolytic groups carry charge from ionization are proven to reduce electron transport but enhance proton transport capability of carbon material, have successfully demonstrated a proton exchange membrane (PEM) which exhibits better heat resistance and higher current density than the commercial Nafion product in the PEM fuel cell application. The diazo coupling product of carbon exhibits a core-shell structure composed of a nano scale hydrophobic core and electrolytic shell, showing apparent “solubility” and named as “liquid” nano carbon (LNC).
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Frederickson, Lee, Kyle Kitzmiller, and Fletcher Miller. "Carbon Particle Generation and Preliminary Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver Lab Scale Testing." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18215.

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High temperature central receivers are on the forefront of concentrating solar power research. Current receivers use liquid cooling and power steam cycles, but new receivers are being designed to power gas turbine engines within a power cycle while operating at a high efficiency. To address this, a lab-scale Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER), a high temperature solar receiver, was built and is currently undergoing testing at the San Diego State University’s (SDSU) Combustion and Solar Energy Laboratory. The final goal is to design, build, and test a full-scale SPHER that can absorb 5 MWth and eventually be used within a Brayton cycle. The SPHER utilizes air mixed with carbon particles generated in the Carbon Particle Generator (CPG) as an absorption medium for the concentrated solar flux. Natural gas and nitrogen are sent to the CPG where the natural gas undergoes pyrolysis to carbon particles and nitrogen is used as the carrier gas. The resulting particle-gas mixture flows out of the vessel and is met with dilution air, which flows to the SPHER. The lab-scale SPHER is an insulated steel vessel with a spherical cap quartz window. For simulating on-sun testing, a solar flux is produced by a solar simulator, which consists of a 15kWe xenon arc lamp, situated vertically, and an ellipsoidal reflector to obtain a focus at the plane of the receiver window. The solar simulator has been shown to produce an output of about 3.25 kWth within a 10 cm diameter aperture. Inside of the SPHER, the carbon particles in the inlet particle-gas mixture absorb radiation from the solar flux. The carbon particles heat the air and eventually oxidize to carbon dioxide, resulting in a clear outlet fluid stream. Since testing was initiated, there have been several changes to the system as we have learned more about the operation. A new extinction tube was designed and built to obtain more accurate mass loading data. Piping and insulation for the CPG and SPHER were improved based on observations between testing periods. The window flange and seal have been redesigned to incorporate window film cooling. These improvements have been made in order to achieve the lab scale SPHER design objective gas outlet flow of 650°C at 5 bar.
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Reports on the topic "CARBON EXCHANGE"

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Paul Bolstad. Measuring and Modeling Component and Whole-System Carbon Exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894651.

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Clausing, R. E., and L. Heatherly. Hydrogen recycle and isotope exchange from dense carbon films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6678097.

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Alsobrook, A. N., and D. T. Hobbs. ION EXCHANGE PERFORMANCE OF TITANOSILICATES, GERMANATES AND CARBON NANOTUBES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1076563.

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Leclerc, Monique Y. A Carbon Flux Super Site: New Insights and Innovative Atmosphere-Terrestrial Carbon Exchange Measurements and Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176910.

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Seidl, P. A. Measurement of pion double charge exchange on carbon-13, carbon-14, magnesium-26, and iron-56. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5885340.

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Blum, P. The dynamics of carbon exchange in vertically stratified coastal bacterioplankton communities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/631195.

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Danilo Dragoni, Hans Peter Schmid, C.S.B. Grimmond, J.C. Randolph, and J.R. White. Ecosystem-Atmosphere Exchange of Carbon, Water and Energy over a Mixed Deciduous Forest in the Midwest. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1057580.

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Bowling, David. Long-Term Assessment of Isotopic Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in a Subalpine Forest (Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux Site). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131429.

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Bondt, N., T. Ponsioen, L. Puister-Jansen, T. Vellinga, D. Urdu, and R. M. Robbemond. Carbon footprint pig production : DATA-FAIR report on exchange of sustainability information in the pork supply chain. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/514323.

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Hans Peter Schmid and Craig Wayson. Scaling up of Carbon Exchange Dynamics from AmeriFlux Sites to a Super-Region in the Eastern United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951964.

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