Journal articles: 'Carbon – Environmental aspects – Queensland'

1

Johnson, T. C., and S. H. Williams. "From Canals to Lakes in South-East Queensland (Australia); Water Quality Aspects." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0061.

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Romanak, Katherine, Russell S. Harmon, and Yousif Kharaka. "Geochemical Aspects of Geologic Carbon Storage." Applied Geochemistry 30 (March 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.003.

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Robertson, FA, RJK Myers, and PG Saffigna. "Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in cultivated and grassland soils in subtropical Queensland." Soil Research 31, no. 5 (1993): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930611.

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Availability of N in the clay soils of the brigalow region of Queensland declines rapidly under sown pasture, but under continuous cultivation and cropping, it remains high enough to supply the needs of cereal crops for at least 20 years. The aim of this work was to determine whether the low availability of N under pasture was due to low microbial activity or to rapid re-immobilization of mineralized N. Microbial biomass C and N (0-28 cm) were 420 and 68 �g g-1 respectively in pasture soil but only 214 and 41 �g g-1 respectively in cultivated soil. Pasture soils respired more CO2 (Cresp) and mineralized less N (Nmin) than cultivated soils (219 and 93 �g C g-1 and 3.1 and 5.9 �g N g-1 respectively) during 10-day incubations over 2 years. Increased Crop under pasture was due to an increase in the amount rather than the specific activity of the microbial biomass. The smaller Nmin in grassland soils was due to more rapid immobilization rather than reduced gross mineralization of N, as the ratio Cresp : Nmin was larger and the ratio Nmin :biomass N was smaller in the grassland than in the cultivated soil. On prolonged incubation. with progressive loss of CO2 through respiration, Nmin increased and N immobilization decreased in the grassland soils. Prolonged incubation of the cultivated soils reduced Nmin because of C limitation. The above patterns of C and N mineralization in the grassland and cultivated soils helped to explain the differences in N availability in the two systems.

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Thomas, Jon. "Coexistence 2.0 – maturing the coexistence model in Queensland." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S76—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21098.

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For the gas industry to continue to thrive in a changing world, the evolution of coexistence will need to consider the multi-faceted aspects of community expectations such as the environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, community expectations of a decarbonised energy future, technological advancements and changing government regulations. This paper does not define coexistence, rather it examines how the concept of coexistence in Queensland is a process of evolution as the gas industry in Queensland has matured from the perspective of the GasFields Commission Queensland (the Commission). The Commission was officially established in 2013 to ‘manage and improve the sustainable coexistence of landholders, regional communities and the onshore gas industry in Queensland’. There is no single means to obtain a good practice of coexistence. It requires a tailored approach dependant on the individual stakeholder, and will require the use of multiple tools, consistent engagement, transparent communication and a fit-for-purpose regulatory framework. Importantly, coexistence is a concept that requires a shared responsibility and is an enduring relationship.

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Benwell, Richard. "Voluntary aspects of carbon emissions trading." International Journal of Environmental Studies 66, no. 5 (October 2009): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230903303794.

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Ellway, C., G. Murphy, L. Merton, D. Baumgartner, and A. Hempseed. "Opportunities for sustainable riverine management in the Queensland Murray-Darling Basin." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0396.

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The RiverReach program has provided significant material, planning and educational resources to communities throughout the QMDB over the last three years. The devolved granting process has proven to be a valuable mechanism for the initiation of on-ground works and as a platform for the delivery of educational and awareness raising activities. The range of riverine management projects developed among riparian communities reflects both the socio-economic and the environmental circumstances. An increasing knowledge of riverine management issues among both the community and practitioners and a growing acceptance of the need for riverine management within the community has increased opportunities for sustainable riverine management in the region. While the range of riverine management issues is diverse, and their integration complex, the combination of all three aspects (financial assistance, technical advice, and awareness raising) has enabled significant management outcomes to be achieved.

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Myszograj, Sylwia, and Ewelina Płuciennik-Koropczuk. "Environmental Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 410–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2022-0065.

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Abstract Agricultural policy in the European Union at Community level, as well as in the member states, increasingly emphasises the issue of sustainable agriculture. The pursuit of climate neutrality requires a reduction in emissions from agricultural sources. Above all, it is necessary to fully exploit the potential of agricultural and forestry areas to increase carbon sequestration in biomass and soil, optimise systems for the storage, transport and use of livestock manure, and significantly improve energy efficiency and increase the share of renewable energy in plant and livestock production. Rural areas, and in particular agriculture, are also seen as one of the main and important sources of pollution and eutrophication of water. Determining the correct way to assess the degree of sustainability of farms requires objective and feasible to determine measures and indicators of socioeconomic-environmental sustainability and a lot of analysis, methodological and practical research. To date, no uniform set of sustainability indicators has been developed and their selection depends on data availability.

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Aitken, RL, PW Moody, and PG Mckinley. "Lime requirement of acidic Queensland soils. I. Relationships between soil properties and pH buffer capacity." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900695.

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The pH buffer capacity of 40 acidic surface soils (pHw <6.5) was determined from soil-CaCO3- moist incubations. Buffer capacity values ranged from 02 to 5.4 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil unit-1 pH increase. Organic carbon, clay content, ECEC, 1M KCl extractable acidity and Al, and the change in CEC with pH (�CEC) were measured and correlated with pH buffer capacity. Step-up multiple linear regression indicated that the effect of �CEC on buffer capacity was highly significant (r2 = 0.77, P <0.001), whereas that of exchangeable Al or exchange acidity was not. This suggests that deprotonation reactions, compared with exchangeable Al or exchange acidity, are considerably more important in determining buffer capacity. The major soil property affecting �CEC in our soils was the organic carbon content and, when step-up multiple linear regression was used, �CEC could be best estimated by organic carbon plus clay content plus ECEC (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001). To ascertain whether exchangeable Al (or exchange acidity) would contribute to buffer capacity in soils with less variable charge, soils of relatively low organic carbon (<2.5%) were considered. For the 33 soils with <2.5% organic carbon, �CEC was still the major determinant of buffer capacity (r2 = 0.76, P <0.001), although inclusion of exchange acidity in a multiple regression with �CEC significantly increased the variance accounted for (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). Of the soil properties that could be routinely measured, a multiple regression equation combining organic carbon, clay content and exchange acidity accounted for 85% of the variance in buffer capacity, with organic carbon being the most important.

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Ballard, J. W. O. "Factors influencing silhouette-trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Australian Capital Territory." Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, no. 3 (September 1989): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300018423.

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AbstractThree carbon-dioxide-baited silhouette traps of different shape were used to investigate aspects of trap-finding by Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) in the Australian Capital Territory. Highly significant effects were included in a model which generated fitted estimates of the number of flies captured under defined conditions. Fitted captures indicated higher numbers were collected on two of the 15 trapping days. Low wind and high cloud cover increased trap catches. Temperature and solar flux had a quadratic effect, with fitted catches indicating that the highest numbers were captured at 19°C and 620·6 W/m2. The results were compared with trap captures of A. bancrofti 1300 km north in Queensland.

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Shaw, R., L. Brebber, C. Ahern, and M. Weinand. "A review of sodicity and sodic soil behavior in Queensland." Soil Research 32, no. 2 (1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940143.

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The occurrence of sodic soils in Queensland is more related to soil genetic factors of the past than to the current rainfall pattern, with lower sodium accessions and smaller occurrence of saline lands than other areas of Australia. A soil sodicity map of Queensland is presented. On an area basis, 55% of soils in Queensland are non-sodic, 25% are strongly sodic and 20% are of variable sodicity. The map was prepared using exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values at 0.6 m depth from 2 009 soil profiles, as well as the soil boundaries of the 1:2000000 Atlas of Australian Soils maps (Northcote et al. 1960-68). There is general agreement with the earlier sodicity map of Northcote and Skene (1972). The relationships between exchangeable sodium and field-measured soil hydraulic properties and plant-available water capacity are discussed. Behaviour of sodic soils depends on the exchangeable sodium percentage, clay content, clay mineralogy and salt levels. The binary component particle packing theory has been used to explain soil behaviour and identify those soils most susceptible to sodium. Cracking clay soils with dominantly smectite mineralogy and high clay contents are less susceptible to a given ESP level, as determined by their hydrological behaviour, than soils of moderate clay content and mixed mineralogies. The sodicity and the salt content of an irrigation water are important in maintaining permeability of soils. The naturally occurring equilibrium salinity-sodicity relationships of a wide range of subsoils in Queensland is compared to the published relationships between stable permeability and decreasing permeability based on sodicity and salt content. Aspects of management of sodicity under dryland and irrigation are discussed.

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Jun, Young-Shin, Daniel E. Giammar, Charles J. Werth, and David A. Dzombak. "Environmental and Geochemical Aspects of Geologic Carbon Sequestration: A Special Issue." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es304681x.

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Hafner, Annette, and Sabrina Schäfer. "Environmental aspects of material efficiency versus carbon storage in timber buildings." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 76, no. 3 (December 6, 2017): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1273-9.

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13

Sayers, Jacques, Cameron Marsh, Adam Scott, Yildiray Cinar, John Bradshaw, Allison Hennig, Stuart Barclay, and Ric Daniel. "Assessment of a potential storage site for carbon dioxide: A case study, southeast Queensland, Australia." Environmental Geosciences 13, no. 2 (June 2006): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.12080505012.

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Ballantyne, Roy, Jan Packer, and Michele Everett. "Measuring Environmental Education Program Impacts and Learning in the Field: Using an Action Research Cycle to Develop a Tool for Use with Young Students." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 21 (2005): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000926.

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AbstractDespite the increasing importance of, and interest in, documenting the impact of environmental education programs on students' learning for sustainability, few tools are currently available to measure young students' environmental learning across all the dimensions of knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. This paper reports on the development of such a tool, using an iterative action research process with 134 students, aged six to eleven, attending programs at an Environmental Education Centre in Queensland, Australia. The resulting instrument, the Environmental Learning Outcomes Survey (ELOS) incorporates observations of students' engagement in learning processes as well as measuring learning outcomes, and allows both of these aspects to be linked to particular components of the environmental education program. Test data using the instrument are reported to illustrate its potential usefulness. It is envisaged that the refined instrument (appended) will enable researchers to measure student environmental learning in the field, investigate environmental education program impacts and identify aspects of programs that are most effective in facilitating student learning.

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von Sonntag, C. "Advanced oxidation processes: mechanistic aspects." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 5 (September 1, 2008): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.467.

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The reactive intermediate in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is the •OH radical. It may be generated by various approaches such as the Fenton reaction (Fe2 + /H2O2), photo-Fenton reaction (Fe3 + /H2O2/hν), UV/H2O2, peroxone reaction (O3/H2O2), O3/UV, O3/activated carbon, O3/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of water matrix, ionizing radiation, vacuum UV, and ultrasound. The underlying reactions and •OH formation efficiencies are discussed. The key reactions of •OH radicals also addressed in this review.

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Page, K. L., R. C. Dalal, M. J. Pringle, M. Bell, Y. P. Dang, B. Radford, and K. Bailey. "Organic carbon stocks in cropping soils of Queensland, Australia, as affected by tillage management, climate, and soil characteristics." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12225.

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Research both nationally and internationally has indicated that no-till (NT) management used in combination with stubble retention has the potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in cropping soils relative to conventional tillage (CT). However, rates of SOC increase can vary depending on cropping system, climate, and soil type, making the quantification of carbon change difficult on a regional level. Various long-term trials and commercial sites throughout Queensland were used to compare rates of SOC change under CT and NT management in cropping soils, and to determine how climate and soil type interact to influence rates of change. It was observed that NT management was not capable of increasing SOC stocks under the crop–fallow rotation systems practised throughout Queensland, and was unlikely even to hold SOC stocks steady under current management practices. However, SOC losses under NT systems did appear to be slower than under CT, indicating that NT may slow SOC loss following a period of organic carbon input, for example, from a pasture ley. On a regional scale, biomass production (estimated through remote sensing), climate (specifically the vapour pressure deficit), and soil sand content could be used to adequately predict SOC stocks on commercial sites, indicating the importance of considering these factors when assessing SOC stocks following management change across the region.

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Volchyn, I. A., A. O. Yasynetskyi, and Wlodzimierz Przybylski. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF GREEN AMMONIA ROLE IN UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2022.07.

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Ammonia production using traditional Haber-Bosch technology using natural gas or coal emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and consumes a significant amount of electricity, its generation consumes a lot of fossil fuel and produces a large amount of emissions of pollutants and CO2. The transition to the production of "green" ammonia with the help of electricity from renewable energy sources and nuclear power plants will require a significant increase in their capacity. This will not only avoid CO2 emissions from NH3 production, but also avoid emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases at thermal power plants by replacing their capacity with "green" capacity. Ammonia as a fuel has environmental advantages over traditional fuels, as it does not emit dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Only nitrogen oxides are formed, the emissions of which are reduced by the use of selective reduction technologies. Promising combustion of mixtures of ammonia and hydrogen. Co-combustion of coal and ammonia in existing boilers can significantly reduce emissions of pollutants and CO2. Bibl. 18, fig. 2, table. 2.

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Greenway, Margaret, and John S. Simpson. "Artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment, water reuse and wildlife in Queensland, Australia." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0678.

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Queensland, Australia has a subtropical-tropical climate with dry winters and wet monsoonal summers. Arid climatic conditions prevail inland with hot dry days and cold nights. The climatic conditions are conducive to high plant growth rates and hence offer great potential for constructed wetlands for water pollution control. The water (a scarce resource during the dry season and in arid regions) can also be used to irrigate crops, playing fields, parks and gardens or golf courses. The water discharged from the wetlands is also of an acceptable quality to flow into estuarine and riverine environments. Many natural wetlands are only seasonally inundated and during the dry season wildlife has to seek alternative refuges. Artificial wetlands receiving sewage effluent provide permanent wildlife habitats and improve the landscape amenity. The Queensland government's Department of Primary Industries has initiated an Artificial Wetlands for Water Pollution Research Program. Under this scheme 10 experimental pilot artificial wetlands have been established and a further 6 university research projects are being conducted on various aspects of artificial wetlands including nutrient and heavy metal uptake and bioavailability in wetland plants, sediment biogeochemistry and mass balances. One gold mine rehabilitation project has an artificial wetland to treat mine leachate. This paper presents 3 case studies which include significant results with respect to wastewater polishing and re-use.

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Meng, Fanran, Jon McKechnie, Thomas Turner, Kok H. Wong, and Stephen J. Pickering. "Environmental Aspects of Use of Recycled Carbon Fiber Composites in Automotive Applications." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 21 (October 27, 2017): 12727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04069.

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King, Karen, and Rachel Burgess. "Linking leucaena to carbon abatement opportunities in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)273-279.

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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.The Australian Government has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26‒28% below 2005 levels by 2030. The Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF), a center-piece of Australia’s climate change policies, provides incentives to reduce GHG emissions through economy-wide eligible activities, such as energy efficiency, waste management, revegetation, livestock management and savanna fire management. Emissions Reduction Fund methods define eligible activities, how to quantify abatement resulting from the activity and the required compliance measures.The requirements for developing ERF methods that quantify GHG abatement estimates resulting from eligible activities are described. Leucaena planting is used as an example. For an ERF method to be made and maintained, the activity must meet all the legislative requirements. This includes meeting the offsets integrity standards and having regard to any adverse environmental, economic and social impacts.

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Kutt, A. S., N. Y. Thurgate, and D. S. Hannah. "Distribution and habitat of the desert mouse (Pseudomys desertor) in Queensland." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02005.

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Two systematic regional fauna surveys conducted in the central-north of the state, and an ancillary review of existing published data, identified many new localities and provided an opportunity to describe aspects of this species' ecology and habitat. As well as in typical Triodia grasslands, Pseudomys desertor was recorded in a wide range of sub-tropical savanna woodland, shrubland and grassland vegetation types, many within a zone with rainfall of 500–750 mm. In these higher-rainfall areas, average bodyweight was significantly larger than previously reported for arid-zone specimens. Generalised linear modelling was used to examine which environmental factors best explained the species' abundance, and ground cover was a consistent predictor across the two study areas. Despite occurring in sites mechanically cleared of trees, P. desertor was more abundant in those pastures with a high cover of native hummock grasses. Though superficially indicating a degree of tolerance of disturbance, the evidence suggests that P. desertor is a fire- and grazing-decreaser. Overall, P. desertor was most abundant in areas with the least historical grazing pressure and disturbance.

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Steinberg, Ted. "Reduced Gravity Testing and Research Capabilities at Queensland University of Technology’s New 2.0 Second Drop Tower." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.21.

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Reduced gravity experimentation is important to many research groups working in various fields investigating both fundamental and applied aspects of diverse physical phenomena. Very few terrestrial or extra-terrestrial experimental facilities are currently available that allow researchers access to reduced gravity environments. The Queensland University of Technology’s has recently fabricated a purpose built, stand alone 2.0 second drop tower specifically to accommodate reduced gravity experimentation. The specifications and operational procedures of this new research facility are presented. Information concerning current and future areas of research is also presented and discussed. These research areas include: 1) cellular biology, 2) fluid dynamics and multiphase flow, 3) nanomaterial production including silica sol-gels and carbon nanotubes, and 4) heterogeneous combustion with a focus on bulk metallic materials burning in oxygen enriched atmospheres performed in collaboration with NASA and industry partners. Discussion on the use of the new research facility in the production of advanced materials for earth-based applications will be presented. Opportunities will also be discussed regarding both collaborative research and the provision of reduced gravity test services.

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Dalal, R. C., B. P. Harms, E. Krull, and W. J. Wang. "Total soil organic matter and its labile pools following mulga (Acacia aneura) clearing for pasture development and cropping 1. Total and labile carbon." Soil Research 43, no. 1 (2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04044.

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Mulga (Acacia aneura) dominated vegetation originally occupied 11.2 Mha in Queensland, of which 12% has been cleared, mostly for pasture production, but some areas are also used for cereal cropping. Since mulga communities generally occupy fragile soils, mostly Kandosols and Tenosols, in semi-arid environments, clearing of mulga, which continues at a rate of at least 35 000 ha/year in Queensland, has considerable impact on soil organic carbon (C), and may also have implications for the greenhouse gas emissions associated with land use change in Australia. We report here the changes in soil C and labile C pools following mulga clearing to buffel pasture (Cenchrus ciliaris) and cereal (mostly wheat) cropping for 20 years in a study using paired sites. Soil organic C in the top 0.05 m of soil declined by 31% and 35% under buffel pasture and cropping, respectively. Land use change from mulga to buffel and cropping led to declines in soil organic C of 2.4 and 4.7 t/ha, respectively, from the top 0.3 m of soil. Using changes in the δ13C values of soil organic C as an approximate representation of C derived from C3 and C4 vegetation from mulga and buffel, respectively, up to 31% of soil C was C4-derived after 20 years of buffel pasture. The turnover rates of mulga-derived soil C ranged from 0.035/year in the 0–0.05 m depth to 0.008/year in the 0.6–1 m depths, with respective turnover times of 29 and 133 years. Soil organic matter quality, as measured by the proportion/amount of labile fraction C (light fraction, < 1.6 t/m3) declined by 55% throughout the soil profile (0–1 m depth) under both pasture and cropping. There is immediate concern for the long-term sustainable use of land where mulga has been cleared for pasture and/or cropping with a continuing decline in soil organic matter quality and, hence, soil fertility and biomass productivity. In addition, the removal of mulga forest over a 20-year period in Queensland for pasture and cropping may have contributed to the atmosphere at least 12 Mt CO2-equivalents.

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Field, Emma, Karen Heel, Cheryn Palmer, Hassan Vally, Frank Beard, and Brad McCall. "Evaluation of clinical management of gonorrhoea using enhanced surveillance in South East Queensland." Sexual Health 7, no. 4 (2010): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09111.

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Background: Gonorrhoea is the second most common notifiable sexually transmissible infection (STI) in Queensland. Notifications have been increasing since 2002. Enhanced surveillance was undertaken in this study in order to evaluate clinical management and add to understanding of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea and in South East Queensland. Methods: Information on clinical management and an enhanced surveillance form were faxed to clinicians who notified gonorrhoea in the Brisbane Southside Population Health Unit area from 2003 to 2008. Ceftriaxone was recommended for treatment of gonorrhoea cases, as was simultaneous treatment for chlamydia, testing for other STIs and management of sexual contacts. Enhanced surveillance focussed on collecting more detailed epidemiological and clinical management information. Results: A total of 909 enhanced surveillance forms were returned (response rate 72.2%). The use of ceftriaxone increased significantly over the study period from 31.3% in 2003 to 68.4% in 2008 (P < 0.05). However, there remained a considerable proportion of cases that did not receive ceftriaxone (31.6% in 2008). Simultaneous treatment for chlamydia was reported for 70.5% of cases and did not increase over the study period. A high proportion of males were not screened for high risk co-infection such as HIV (49.6%) and syphilis (51.7%). Contact tracing was initiated for 76.5% of cases and did not increase during the study period. Conclusions: Continued education of clinicians on treatment guidelines is needed. Screening of other STIs such as HIV in males with gonorrhoea and increasing contact tracing were identified as aspects of clinical management for future improvement. Overall this study provides useful insights into the clinical management of gonorrhoea in South East Queensland.

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Page, K. L., M. Bell, and R. C. Dalal. "Changes in total soil organic carbon stocks and carbon fractions in sugarcane systems as affected by tillage and trash management in Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12255.

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The use of sugarcane trash (tops and residue) retention systems has been reported to lead to increases in total soil organic carbon (TOC) stocks. However, these increases have generally been small and confined to the top 0.05 m of the soil profile. It has been hypothesised that the amount of TOC sequestered could be increased if the intensive tillage that occurs at the end of a sugarcane ratoon cycle, which is known to decrease TOC, could be eliminated. This research examined the effect of no-till management and/or trash retention on four trial sites throughout Queensland, to assess the ability of this management to increase TOC stocks. Management effects on particulate organic carbon (POC), humus organic carbon (HOC), and resistant organic carbon (ROC) stocks were also assessed using mid-infrared spectroscopy. No significant changes in TOC, POC, HOC, or ROC were observed over either 0–0.1 or 0–0.3 m depth at any of the sites examined, when sites were considered as a whole. The results indicate that these management practices currently have limited capacity to increase TOC stocks on these soil types over 0–0.1 or 0–0.3 m depth for the purposes of carbon sequestration.

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Spain, AV. "Influence of environmental conditions and some soil chemical properties on the carbon and nitrogen contents of some tropical Australian rainforest soils." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900825.

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Concentrations of carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soil pH, the sum of the exchangeable basic cations, clay and dithionite-extractable iron were examined in the surface soils of 72 rainforest sites from north-eastern tropical Queensland. Soils derived from basalt had higher levels of most of the above properties than those formed on other parent materials. Differences between the carbon status of soils formed from basalt and those formed from other parent materials may be related to the higher free iron levels and phosphorus status of the former group. Excluding the soils of basalt origin, both carbon and nitrogen are positively related to clay content. In contrast, within the soils of basaltic origin, carbon concentrations are negatively related to clay contents through interactions with free iron oxides. Separate univariate regression relationships were established between carbon and nitrogen concentrations and site temperature and precipitation for soils derived from basaltic and combined granitic and acid volcanic parent materials. Coefficients relating both nitrogen and carbon to temperature differed between these groupings. The importance of topography in controlling carbon levels is demonstrated in soils that are poorly drained or formed on ridges, while the importance of soil age is demonstrated by a juvenile soil formed on weakly weathered basalt.

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Noussia, Kyriaki, Catherine Caine, and Whitney Richardson. "European Regulatory and Insurance Aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 31, Issue 6 (December 1, 2022): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2022024.

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Carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions, however, because CCUS technology almost exclusively aims for carbon mitigation without co-benefits, this expensive technology has not been widely adopted. In order to make this technology viable, a robust regulatory and legal regime is required both internationally and within the European Union (EU). A comprehensive insurance system is also required to ensure that efficient running of CCUS. With this understanding in mind, this article analyses the regulatory regime governing CCUS both internationally and in the EU and also the law governing insurance of this technology. It argues that whilst European regulation has improved with respect to filling regulatory gaps, a number of gaps are identified which still need to be closed. In addition, the article will argue that special insurance coverage for specialized risks must be in place to diminish any environmental impact and hazard, including cyber-related risks that need to be identified and insured to be properly handled and adequately covered to allow for the successful deployment of CCUS. Carbon capture, use and storage; climate change; climate change mitigation; environmental insurance; cyber insurance; EU environmental law

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Facciolà, Alessio, Giuseppa Visalli, Sebastiano La Maestra, Manuela Ceccarelli, Francesco D’Aleo, Giuseppe Nunnari, Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò, and Angela Di Pietro. "Carbon nanotubes and central nervous system: Environmental risks, toxicological aspects and future perspectives." Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 65 (January 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.11.006.

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SOMESHWAR, ARUN V., JAY P. UNWIN, WILLIAM THACKER, LAUREL EPPSTEIN, and BARRY MALMBERG. "Environmental aspects of wood residue combustion in forest products industry boilers." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.27.

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We conducted a comprehensive review of air emissions resulting from burning wood residues in industrial boilers and potential methods to control these emissions. This report compares average emissions with similar data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial boilers. As compared with coal or oil combustion, wood combustion in boilers generally leads to lower emissions of trace metals, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); higher emissions of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and total volatile organic compounds; and comparable emissions of particulate matter and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) (both of which are highly dependent on the efficiency of the ultimate particulate matter control device). Most importantly, wood combustion is carbon dioxide-neutral, a distinct advantage over fossil fuel combustion. Firing wood in stoker units with sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil, leads to a reduction in expected SO2 emissions because of the high carbon and alkali content of most wood ash, and cofiring wood with coal also has some benefits for NOx reduction. This report also discusses the generation and types of combustion ashes resulting from wood burning in mostly combination boilers in the United States and Canada, and provides an overview of ash management practices and the salient characteristics of such ashes relative to their trace metal, organic, and PCDD/F contents.

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Cui, Lu, and Hong Liu. "Study on the Development of Low Carbon Tourism in the Era of Low Carbon Economy." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2343.

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Under the new environmental advocacy, the world economy entered the era of low carbon economy, low carbon tourism as a part of low carbon economy era, a new form of tourism, which is fundamental to achieve sustainable tourism development. Although there have been some achievements in the aspects of low carbon tourism, problems still exist in some aspects that include system, environmental technology and tourists low carbon awareness. This paper expounds on the background of low carbon economy, serving as the "smokeless industry" of tourism industry will decide on what path to follow, and has put forward to build sustainable development strategic planning, strengthen technological innovation strategy and step up publicity and other strategies to achieve tourism. This paper focuses on the application level, hoping to enrich the connotation of low carbon tourism, discusses the realization mechanism of low carbon Tourism.

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McAllister, T. A., K. J. Cheng, E. K. Okine, and G. W. Mathison. "Dietary, environmental and microbiological aspects of methane production in ruminants." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-035.

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Methane gas is produced in the rumen by methanogenic bacteria as a metabolic end product. The energy released by bacteria in the process of methane formation can be used for bacterial cell formation. Methane formation acts as an electron sink into which the hydrogen from all ruminal microorganisms drains, allowing a higher yield of adenosine triphosphate. Factors such as the type of carbohydrate in the diet, level of feed intake, digesta passage rate presence of ionophores or lipids in the diet, and ambient temperature influence the emission of methane from ruminants. Methanobrevibacter spp. appear to be the major methanogens in the rumen, but it is likely that phytogenetic analyses will identify new species. The biochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to methane is well defined, and it has been shown that interspecies hydrogen transfer between methanogens and ruminal bacteria prevents the accumulation of reduced nucleotides and the inhibition of feed digestion. The development of strategies to mitigate methane production in ruminants, without causing a negative impact on ruminant production, continues to be a major challenge for ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists. Enhancement of the reduction of carbon dioxide to acetate and direct genetic manipulation of methanogens are two interventions that may further reduce methane losses of ruminants. Key words: Methane, diet, ruminant, microbiology, methanogen

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Fukumura, A., H. Tsujii, T. Kamada, M. Baba, H. Tsuji, H. Kato, S. Kato, et al. "Carbon-ion radiotherapy: clinical aspects and related dosimetry." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 137, no. 1-2 (October 7, 2009): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncp188.

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Salimi, Mohsen, Morteza Hosseinpour, Shabnam Mansouri, and Tohid N.Borhani. "Environmental Aspects of the Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) Systems: A Review." Processes 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040711.

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Expanding cities means increasing the need for energy in the residential sector. The supply of this energy must be in environmentally friendly ways; one method of meeting demand in the residential sector is the use of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The current review paper shows that due to the high cost of gas and electricity, CCHP can be used in various sectors, such as hospitals and airports, to reduce energy consumption with lower environmental impacts by using renewable energy systems as the main driver. While CCHP systems are not feasible in tropical regions with high cooling demand, a solar hybrid system is a superior candidate for regions with sufficient radiation. CCHP can also be used in sectors such as wastewater treatment units, desalination systems, and hydrogen production units to improve performance and increase productivity. The carbon and water footprints of CCHP systems are discussed in detail. The main drivers for reducing carbon and water footprints are improving system components such as the combustion engine and increasing productivity by expanding the system to multi-generation systems. Finally, the carbon tax index can help reduce carbon emissions if properly used in the right context. Based on our best knowledge, there is no extensive review of the environmental aspects of CCHP systems in the literature.

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Liu, Gang, M. G. Rasul, M. T. O. Amanullah, and M. M. K. Khan. "Simulation and Optimization of Residential Grid-Connected PV System in Queensland, Australia." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.715.

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The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) in residential electricity generation is encouraged by Australian governments incentive. However, what extent of residents benefit from installing a grid-connected PV system is not fully understood yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize the economic, technical and environmental performance of grid-connected PV system in Queensland, Australia. Using the price of PV devices and accessories, grid electricity tariff and sale-back tariff as economic analysis inputs, and global solar irradiation as solar energy resource data, the system is simulated and optimized by HOMER software. The optimized system not only satisfies the typical residential load of 23 kWh per day but also meet the requirement of minimizing the total costs of system investment and electricity consumption during the system life (20 years). It is found that under the weather conditions of the eleven main cities of Queensland, a PV system is an effective way to reducing electricity bills and mitigating carbon dioxide emission.

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Armour, JD, GSP Ritchie, and AD Robson. "Extractable zinc in particle size fractions of soils from Western-Australia and Queensland." Soil Research 28, no. 3 (1990): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900387.

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The zinc (Zn) content of particle size fractions of 12 mainly Zn deficient soils was measured by extraction with three contrasting extractants. The soils, which ranged from sands to a black earth, were from Western Australia and Queensland and particle size fractions (clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand) were obtained by sieving and sedimentation after ultrasonification of soil suspended in deionized water. The extractants were concentrated HNO3/H2SO4/HClO4 (acid extractable or AE-Zn), DTPA and 0.002 M CaCl2. For each extractant, Zn contents of the fractions and whole soils were correlated with organic carbon and ammonium oxalate extractable Fe and Al. The AE-Zn concentrations in whole soils were 0.6-132 mg kg-1 and high clay soils had higher concentrations (mean 54 mg kg-1) than low clay soils (mean 2 mg kg-1). After fractionation, lowest AE- and DTPA-Zn were found in coarse sand fractions and concentrations increased with decreasing particle size. Clay plus silt fractions contained 60-99% of the whole soil AE-Zn and 76-93% of the whole soil DTPA-Zn. The CaCl2-Zn concentrations were very low (<5.0 �g kg-1) for all soils. In whole soils, DTPA-Zn was only a small proportion, 3.2% and 1.8%, of the AE-Zn in the low clay and high clay soils, respectively. The CaCl2-Zn was generally less than 2% of the DTPA-Zn in whole soils. In whole soils, AE-Zn was correlated with oxalate extractable Fe and with oxalate A1 (r = 0.72 and 0.71, respectively; P <0.01), whereas DTPA-Zn was correlated with oxalate extractable Fe (r = 0.82; P < 0.01). The AE- and DTPA-Zn were correlated with organic carbon only in some fractions. The DTPA- and CaCl2-Zn were not correlated with AE-Zn content, nor was DPTA-Zn correlated with CaCl2-Zn in whole soils or fractions (P<0.05). Dispersion of the soils with ultrasonification in the absence of dispersing agents was not as effective as dispersion with conventional mechanical/chemical dispersion. The percentage of the soil recovered in the clay fraction after sonification was 23-78% of that recovered by the conventional method. Fine and coarse sand contents were similar for either method, indicating that incomplete dispersion of clay by ultrasonification resulted in higher silt contents.

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Chiang, H. L., C. P. Huang, and P. C. Chiang. "The adsorption of benzene and methylethylketone onto activated carbon: thermodynamic aspects." Chemosphere 46, no. 1 (January 2002): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00126-6.

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Beattie, Geoffrey, and Laura McGuire. "The Modifiability of Implicit Attitudes to Carbon Footprint and Its Implications for Carbon Choice." Environment and Behavior 52, no. 5 (November 2, 2018): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518808571.

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We tested whether selected film clips can be used to change implicit as well as explicit attitudes to carbon footprint to promote low carbon choice. We found that carbon choice could be influenced by film, with clips with a strong emotional content being particularly effective. There was also a significant change in both explicit and implicit attitudes to low carbon for those with weaker initial pro-low carbon attitudes. In the case of both explicit feelings of warmth and implicit attitudes to low carbon, significant changes were observed 6 weeks later compared with baseline, but no significant differences were found for explicit measure of attitudinal preference. The fact that implicit attitudes to carbon footprint can be changed experimentally could be significant because implicit rather than explicit attitudes underlie the more routine and automatic aspects of everyday consumer behavior. We discuss the broader implications of this research for future climate change campaigns.

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White, Amy, Danielle Gallegos, and Tor Hundloe. "The impact of fresh produce specifications on the Australian food and nutrition system: a case study of the north Queensland banana industry." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (February 16, 2011): 1489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010003046.

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AbstractObjectiveTo use the north Queensland banana industry as a case study to examine the extent to which cosmetic standards set by retailers influence the amount of edible waste generated on-farm and the effect of this on the sustainability of the Australian food and nutrition system.DesignWaste audits were performed on-farm at a banana packing shed to quantify the amount of fruit discarded due to cosmetic imperfections. These data, together with production records provided by the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries and interviews with growers, were used to inform a nutritional analysis, a life cycle assessment and an economic analysis to quantify nutritional, environmental and economic impacts.SettingNorth Queensland, AustraliaSubjectsBanana farms and packing shed.ResultBetween 10 and 30 % of the north Queensland banana crop is discarded on-farm. Of this, 78 % was found to be due to cosmetic imperfections, which equates to an industry total of 37 000 tonnes per annum. This waste represents a loss of 137 billion kilojoules with accompanying macro- and micronutrients. The life cycle assessment indicated that approximately 16 300 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, 11·2 gigalitres of virtual water as well as other natural resources are embodied in the waste. There is an industry-wide, economic loss of approximately $AU 26·9 million per annum.ConclusionsThe majority of on-farm banana waste is caused by arbitrary cosmetic standards set by retailers, resulting in significant nutritional, environmental and economic losses. Public health nutritionists have a role to play across the entire food chain to minimize the impacts of waste on the food system.

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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.

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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.

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Barančíková, G., J. Makovníková, R. Skalský, Z. Tarasovičová, M. Nováková, J. Halás, M. Gutteková, and Š. Koco. "Simulation of soil organic carbon changes in Slovak arable land and their environmental aspects." Soil and Water Research 7, No. 2 (May 18, 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2011-swr.

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One of the key goals of the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection is to maintain and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. A decline of SOC stocks is politically perceived as a serious threat to soil quality and functions. A suitable tool for acquiring the information on SOC stock changes is modelling. The RothC-26.3 model was applied for long-term modelling (1970–2007) of the SOC stock in the topsoil of croplands of Slovakia. Simulation results show a gradual increase in the SOC stock in the first phase of modelling (1970–1995) mainly due to higher carbon input in the soil. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.4**, n = 275) was found between carbon input and the final simulation of SOC stock. A close relationship between the SOC stock and soil production potential index representing the official basis for soil quality assessment in Slovakia was also determined and a polynomial relationship was found which describes the relation at the 95% confidence level. We have concluded from the results that balanced or positive changes in the SOC stock dynamics that are important for sustainable use of soils could be influenced positively or negatively in Slovakia by political decisions concerning the soil management. Moreover, the soil production potential index can be used as soil quality information support for such decision-making.

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Morasch, Barbara, Hans H. Richnow, Bernhard Schink, and Rainer U. Meckenstock. "Stable Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Microbial Toluene Degradation: Mechanistic and Environmental Aspects." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4842-4849.2001.

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ABSTRACT Primary features of hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during toluene degradation were studied to evaluate if analysis of isotope signatures can be used as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated aquifers. D/H hydrogen isotope fractionation during microbial degradation of toluene was measured by gas chromatography. Per-deuterated toluene-d 8 and nonlabeled toluene were supplied in equal amounts as growth substrates, and kinetic isotope fractionation was calculated from the shift of the molar ratios of toluene-d 8 and nondeuterated toluene. The D/H isotope fractionation varied slightly for sulfate-reducing strain TRM1 (slope of curve [b] = −1.219), Desulfobacterium cetonicum(b = −1.196), Thauera aromatica(b = −0.816), and Geobacter metallireducens (b = −1.004) and was greater for the aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas putidamt-2 (b = −2.667). The D/H isotope fractionation was 3 orders of magnitude greater than the13C/12C carbon isotope fractionation reported previously. Hydrogen isotope fractionation with nonlabeled toluene was 1.7 and 6 times less than isotope fractionation with per-deuterated toluene-d 8 and nonlabeled toluene for sulfate-reducing strain TRM1 (b = −0.728) andD. cetonicum (b = −0.198), respectively. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation during toluene degradation by D. cetonicum remained constant over a growth temperature range of 15 to 37°C but varied slightly during degradation by P. putida mt-2, which showed maximum hydrogen isotope fractionation at 20°C (b = −4.086) and minimum fractionation at 35°C (b = −2.138). D/H isotope fractionation was observed only if the deuterium label was located at the methyl group of the toluene molecule which is the site of the initial enzymatic attack on the substrate by the bacterial strains investigated in this study. Use of ring-labeled toluene-d 5 in combination with nondeuterated toluene did not lead to significant D/H isotope fractionation. The activity of the first enzyme in the anaerobic toluene degradation pathway, benzylsuccinate synthase, was measured in cell extracts of D. cetonicum with an initial activity of 3.63 mU (mg of protein)−1. The D/H isotope fractionation (b = −1.580) was 30% greater than that in growth experiments with D. cetonicum. Mass spectroscopic analysis of the product benzylsuccinate showed that H atoms abstracted from the toluene molecules by the enzyme were retained in the same molecules after the product was released. Our findings revealed that the use of deuterium-labeled toluene was appropriate for studying basic features of D/H isotope fractionation. Similar D/H fractionation factors for toluene degradation by anaerobic bacteria, the lack of significant temperature dependence, and the strong fractionation suggest that analysis of D/H fractionation can be used as a sensitive tool to assess degradation activities. Identification of the first enzyme reaction in the pathway as the major fractionating step provides a basis for linking observed isotope fractionation to biochemical reactions.

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Markó, Béla, and József Popp. "Some economical and environmental aspects apropos of carbon cycle (with CAP reform for CO2balance)." Cereal Research Communications 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.33.2005.1.66.

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Suganya, S., and P. Senthil Kumar. "Evaluation of environmental aspects of brew waste-based carbon production and its disposal scenario." Journal of Cleaner Production 202 (November 2018): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.143.

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Bell, M. J., P. W. Moody, S. A. Yo, and R. D. Connolly. "Using active fractions of soil organic matter as indicators of the sustainability of Ferrosol farming systems." Soil Research 37, no. 2 (1999): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98064.

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Chemical and physical degradation of Red Ferrosols in eastern Australia is a major issue necessitating the development of more sustainable cropping systems. This paper derives critical concentrations of the active (permanganate-oxidisable) fraction of soil organic matter (C1) which maximise soil water recharge and minimise the likelihood of surface runoff in these soils. Ferrosol soils were collected from commercial properties in both north and south Queensland, while additional data were made available from a similar collection of Tasmanian Ferrosols. Sites represented a range of management histories, from grazed and ungrazed grass pastures to continuously cropped soil under various tillage systems. The concentration of both total carbon (C) and C1 varied among regions and farming systems. C1 was the primary factor controlling aggregate breakdown, measured by the percentage of aggregates <0·125 mm (P125) in the surface crust after simulated rainfall. The rates of change in P125 per unit change in C1 were not significantly different (P < 0·05) for soils from the different localities. However, soils from the coastal Burnett (south-east Queensland) always produced lower P125 (i.e. less aggregate breakdown) than did soils from the inland Burnett and north Queensland locations given the same concentration of C1. This difference was not associated with a particular land use. The ‘critical’ concentrations of C1 for each region were taken as the C1 concentrations that would allow an infiltration rate greater than or equal to the intensity of a 1 in 1 or 1 in 10 year frequency rainfall event of 30 min duration. This analysis also provided an indication of the risk associated with the concentrations of C1 currently characterising each farming system in each rainfall environment. None of the conventionally tilled Queensland Ferrosols contained sufficient C1 to cope with rainfall events expected to occur with a 1 in 10 frequency, while in many situations the C1 concentration was sufficiently low that runoff events would be expected on an annual basis. Our data suggest that management practices designed both to maximise C inputs and to maintain a high proportion of active C should be seen as essential steps towards developing a more sustainable cropping system.

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Gillman, GP. "Influence of organic matter and phosphate content on the point of zero charge of variable charge components in oxidic soils." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850643.

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The point of zero charge of the variable charge components (pH,) of oxidic soils formed on basaltic parent material in humid tropical Queensland has been measured on samples from virgin rainforest and cultivated fertilized fields. The average amount of free iron in these soils is about 10%. Soils with low organic matter content and low extractable phosphorus have high pH, values. Regression analysis showed pH, to be reduced by about one pH unit for each 1% increase in organic carbon or for each 100 �g/g increase in extractable phosphorus. Implications with respect to cation and anion exchange capacities are briefly discussed.

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Blair, Graeme J., Les Chapman, A. M. Whitbread, B. Ball-Coelho, P. Larsen, and H. Tiessen. "Soil carbon changes resulting from sugarcane trash management at two locations in Queensland, Australia, and in North-East Brazil." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98021.

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Sugarcane cropping produces a large amount of crop residues, which offers considerable scope for residue management. Soil samples, collected from 2 long-term experiments in Australia and an experiment in Pernambuco State, Brazil, were analysed for total carbon (CT) and for labile carbon (CL) by oxidation with 333 mM KMnO4. At the 2 locations in Australia, CT and CL concentrations were lower in the surface layer (0-1 cm) of the cropped soil compared with a nearby uncropped reference soil. Burning resulted in a greater loss in CT and CL at a depth of 0-1 cm than green cane trash management. At one of the sites, sugarcane cropping resulted in a decline in CT relative to the reference in the green trash management treatment but an increase in CL. In Brazil, trash management from one cane crop did not change CT over a 12-month period but green cane trash return increased CL. Sustainable sugarcane cropping systems must include crop residue return without burning in order to maintain an active C cycle in the system to drive nutrient cycles.

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Radjenovic, Ankica, and Gordana Medunic. "HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM ADSORPTION CAPABILITY ONTO CARBON BLACK: KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 17, no. 8 (2018): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2018.192.

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Pigram, Chris, Sanjeev Pandey, and Peter Baker. "Synergies in the role of the Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment and the Independent Expert Scientific Committee on coal seam gas and large coal mining development in environmental assessments." APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18278.

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The Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Large Coal Mining Development (IESC) is a statutory committee that provides scientific advice to Australian governments on the impacts that each coal seam gas (CSG) and large coal mining development may have on water resources. In this context, the IESC consider all aspects of a water resource, including water, organisms and ecosystems that contribute to or rely on them. The Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment (OGIA) is an independent statutory entity responsible for undertaking cumulative impact assessments from CSG and other petroleum production in Queensland, including the Surat Cumulative Management Area (CMA). OGIA also establishes impact management arrangements and identifies responsible tenure holders to implement specific aspects of those arrangements. Neither the IESC nor OGIA are regulators. Due to their respective functions both entities have different roles and interaction with CSG development in the Surat CMA. The IESC and OGIA engage regularly to ensure a shared understanding of knowledge, research and management. This paper provides an overview of key synergies between the roles and functions of the IESC and OGIA and considerations for proponents when using OGIA assessment in their environmental assessments that are referred to IESC for advice.

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Page, K. L., R. C. Dalal, and Y. P. Dang. "How useful are MIR predictions of total, particulate, humus, and resistant organic carbon for examining changes in soil carbon stocks in response to different crop management? A case study." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13064.

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Measures of particulate organic carbon (POC), humus organic carbon (HOC), and resistant organic carbon (ROC) (primarily char) are often used to represent the active, slow, and inert carbon pools used in soil carbon models. However, these fractions are difficult to measure directly, and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopic techniques are increasingly being investigated to quantify these fractions and total organic carbon (TOC). This study examined the change in MIR-predicted pools of TOC, POC, HOC, and ROC in response to different crop management between two time periods (1981 and 2008) in a long-term wheat cropping trial in Queensland, Australia. The aims were (i) to assess the ability of MIR to detect changes in carbon stocks compared with direct measurements of TOC (LECO-TOC); and (ii) to assess how well the behaviour of POC, HOC, and ROC corresponded with the active, slow, and inert conceptual carbon pools. Significant declines in carbon stocks were observed over time using both LECO-TOC and MIR-predicted stocks of TOC, POC, HOC, and ROC, although MIR-TOC under-estimated loss by 27–30% compared with LECO-TOC. The decline in MIR-POC and MIR-HOC was consistent with the expected behaviour of the active and slow conceptual pools; however, the decline in ROC was not consistent with that of the inert pool. In addition, MIR measurements did not accurately detect differences in the rate of carbon loss under different crop management practices.

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Santamaria, Flavia, Rolf Schlagloth, Rupert Palme, and Joerg Henning. "Over Time Decay of Cortisol Metabolites in Faecal Pellets of Koalas in Central Queensland." Animals 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123376.

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Faecal material can be a valuable source of information for a range of animal health aspects and can be used to measure faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs). FCM values can relate to physiological stress responses. However, freshly defecated pellets are not always available and environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, might affect faecal pellet consistency and FCM levels. Therefore, the impact of environmental conditions on FCMs needs to be evaluated. We collected 107 pellets from two female and two male koalas, exposed them to three types of treatments, and analysed FCMs in these samples with three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). After analysis, the original FCM values were mathematically corrected for water loss. Results show that the FCMs were more stable when measured using tetrahydrocorticosterone (50c) and 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,21-triol-20-one (37e) EIAs, and were less stable when measured with the cortisol EIA. With 50c, the FCM values did not vary significantly over time either before or after the adjustment with water in the environment treatment group. For samples kept under constant low (25 °C) and high (35 °C) temperatures, the 50c FCM values did not vary significantly over time, after adjustments were made for water loss. Thus, this study highlights the importance of considering the suitability of faecal field samples for FCM analysis. Because water loss was the main driver of FCM changes, we strongly recommend collecting koala pellets that are freshly defecated, despite the effort and time it might take to collect such pellets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon – Environmental aspects – Queensland'

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