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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon dissolution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Xing, X., S. Jahanshahi, J. Yang, and O. Ostrovski. "Dissolution of carbon from coke and char in liquid Fe-C alloys." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 92 (July 1, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5508.

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Purpose: The aim of this paper was to study dissolution of carbon from carbonaceous materials of different origin with different morphology, microtexture and microstructure in the liquid Fe-C alloys. Design/methodology/approach: The dissolution of carbon from coke, char and glassy carbon in the molten Fe-C alloy (initial carbon concentration 2.46 wt.%) at 1350°C was measured and compared with that from graphite. The dissolution of carbon from demineralised coke and char in the Fe-C solution was also examined to study the effect of mineral matter on the carbon dissolution. Findings: The concentration of carbon in the Fe-C solution dissolved from graphite was higher than that from coke and char. Demineralisation of coke and char had a significant effect on the carbon dissolution. The concentration of carbon dissolved from demineralised coke and char in the Fe-C alloy approached the solubility of graphite in this alloy under the same conditions. Results obtained in this work confirmed that ash has a strong effect on the carbon dissolution. Research limitations/implications: Investigations in this paper were conducted at 1350°C. At higher temperatures; (1) the degree of coke and char graphitisation increases changing the microstructure of carbonaceous materials; (2) the ash can melt, and (3) some of the metal oxides in the ash can be reduced by carbon to the metal phase, thereby weakening the effect of ash on the carbon dissolution. Demineralisation of coke was incomplete; it reached 70-80% with some effect on the carbon dissolution. The effect of ash composition and further coke demineralisation on the carbon dissolution at higher temperature will be investigated in the future study. Originality/value: This study demonstrated that dissolution of carbon from coke and char was strongly affected by ash. Reactions of dissolution of carbon from coke and char in liquid Fe-C alloy reached a steady state within 1-2 hours. In this state, the coke/char – metal system was far from equilibrium. The “apparent” activity which can be assigned to carbon in the steady state is below one for graphite with significant implications for metallurgical processes.

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2

Hamon, Mark A., Jian Chen, Hui Hu, Yongsheng Chen, Misha E. Itkis, Apparao M. Rao, Peter C. Eklund, and Robert C. Haddon. "Dissolution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials 11, no. 10 (July 1999): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199907)11:10<834::aid-adma834>3.0.co;2-r.

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3

Janthon, Patanachai, Francesc Viñes, Jakkapan Sirijaraensre, Jumras Limtrakul, and Francesc Illas. "Carbon dissolution and segregation in platinum." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (2017): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02253g.

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Density functional studies at show the feasibility of C subsurface incorporation in Platinum occupying tetrahedral sites. A comparative with Ni and Pd highlights that surface relaxation is critical in C dissolution, specially at low-coordinated sites of Pt nanoparticles. Results explain phenomena such as C dissolution and segregation to form graphene from below, and may serve to tune the Pt surface chemical reactivity.

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4

Wang, Z., E. Tada, and A. Nishikata. "Platinum Dissolution from Carbon Supported Nanoparticles." ECS Transactions 69, no. 17 (October 2, 2015): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06917.0255ecst.

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5

Szulczewski, M. L., M. A. Hesse, and R. Juanes. "Carbon dioxide dissolution in structural and stratigraphic traps." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 736 (November 6, 2013): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.511.

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AbstractThe geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide ( CO2) in structural and stratigraphic traps is a viable option to reduce anthropogenic emissions. While dissolution of the CO2 stored in these traps reduces the long-term leakage risk, the dissolution process remains poorly understood in systems that reflect the appropriate subsurface geometry. Here, we study dissolution in a porous layer that exhibits a feature relevant for CO2 storage in structural and stratigraphic traps: a finite CO2 source along the top boundary that extends only part way into the layer. This feature represents the finite extent of the interface between free-phase CO2 pooled in a trap and the underlying brine. Using theory and simulations, we describe the dissolution mechanisms in this system for a wide range of times and Rayleigh numbers, and classify the behaviour into seven regimes. For each regime, we quantify the dissolution flux numerically and model it analytically, with the goal of providing simple expressions to estimate the dissolution rate in real systems. We find that, at late times, the dissolution flux decreases relative to early times as the flow of unsaturated water to the CO2 source becomes constrained by a lateral exchange flow though the reservoir. Application of the models to several representative reservoirs indicates that dissolution is strongly affected by the reservoir properties; however, we find that reservoirs with high permeabilities ($k\geq 1$ Darcy) that are tens of metres thick and several kilometres wide could potentially dissolve hundreds of megatons of CO2 in tens of years.

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6

Wright, J. K., and I. F. Taylor. "Multiparticle Dissolution Kinetics of Carbon in Iron-Carbon-Sulphur Melts." ISIJ International 33, no. 5 (1993): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.529.

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7

Jansson, S., V. Brabie, and P. Jönsson. "Magnesia–carbon refractory dissolution in Al killed low carbon steel." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 33, no. 5 (October 2006): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328106x113977.

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8

Deroo, Heleen, Masuda Akter, Samuel Bodé, Orly Mendoza, Haichao Li, Pascal Boeckx, and Steven Sleutel. "Effect of organic carbon addition on paddy soil organic carbon decomposition under different irrigation regimes." Biogeosciences 18, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 5035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021.

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Abstract. Anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon (OC) in submerged rice paddies is coupled to the reduction of alternative soil electron acceptors, primarily Fe3+. During reductive dissolution of Fe3+ from pedogenic oxides, previously adsorbed native soil organic carbon (SOC) could be co-released into solution. Incorporation of crop residues could hence indirectly, i.e. through the stimulation of microbially mediated Fe3+ reduction, promote the loss of native SOC via enhanced dissolution and subsequent mineralisation to CO2 and CH4. Our aim was to estimate the relevance of such a positive feedback during the degradation of added OC, and to investigate the impact of irrigation management on this mechanism and on priming effects on native SOC decomposition in general. In a six-week pot experiment with rice plants, two Bangladeshi soils with contrasting SOC to oxalate-extractable Fe (SOC : Feox) ratios were kept under a regime of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) or continuous flooding (CF), and were either amended with maize shoots or not. The δ13C signatures of dissolved organic C and emitted CH4 and CO2 were used to infer the decomposition of added maize shoots (δ13C = −13.0 ‰) versus native SOC (δ13C = −25.4 ‰ and −22.7 ‰). Addition of maize residues stimulated the reduction of Fe as well as the dissolution of native SOC, and the latter to a larger extent under CF, especially for the soil with the highest SOC : Feox ratio. Estimated Fe-bound SOC contents denote that stimulated SOC co-release during Fe reduction could explain this positive priming effect on SOC dissolution after the addition of maize. However, priming effects on SOC mineralisation to CO2 and CH4 were lower than for SOC dissolution, and were even negative under AWD for one soil. Enhanced reductive dissolution of Fe-bound SOC upon exogenous OC addition therefore does not necessarily lead to stimulated SOC mineralisation. In addition, AWD irrigation was found to decrease the above-mentioned priming effects.

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9

Kaffash, Hamideh, and Merete Tangstad. "Factors influencing dissolution of carbonaceous materials in liquid Fe–Mn." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 27, no. 10 (September 17, 2020): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-020-00487-w.

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Abstract Carbon dissolution from four types of metallurgical cokes and graphite was investigated by using immersion rods in a resistance furnace to clarify the influence of factors governing the rate of carbon dissolution from carbonaceous materials into Fe–Mn melts at 1550 °C. The factors studied were the microstructure of carbonaceous materials, roughness, porosity and the wettability between carbonaceous materials and the melt. Carbon/metal interface was characterised by scanning electron microscopy accompanied with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate the formation of an ash layer. The results showed that coke E had the highest dissolution rate. Surface roughness and porosity of the carbonaceous materials seemed to be dominant factors affecting the dissolution rates. Further, crystallite size did not have a significant effect on the dissolution rates. Solid/liquid wettability seemed to affect the initial stage of dissolution reaction. The dissolution mechanism was found to be both mass transfer and interfacial reactions.

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10

Li, Jianzhong, Tao Tang, Xiaobing Zhang, Shiyun Li, and Min Li. "Dissolution, characterization and photofunctionalization of carbon nanotubes." Materials Letters 61, no. 22 (September 2007): 4351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.01.103.

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11

Nadal, F., P. Meunier, B. Pouligny, and E. Laurichesse. "Stationary plume induced by carbon dioxide dissolution." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 719 (February 19, 2013): 203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.641.

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AbstractIn this paper, laminar convection flows induced by carbon dioxide absorption are addressed from experimental, numerical and theoretical points of view. A vertical glass tube (of centimetre scale) filled with distilled water is subjected to a sudden increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. As a result of the diffusion of the gas into the unsaturated solution, a thin layer of fluid located underneath the surface becomes heavier. This initial density gradient first destabilizes to form a plume, which goes downwards through the entire cell. After a first transient pulsating regime (periodic succession of such Rayleigh–Bénard plumes), a stationary flow settles in the tube, which is maintained by the constant supply of gas at the surface. At late stages, this stationary regime is followed by an aperiodic regime, which lasts until the complete saturation of the solution (thermodynamic equilibrium). The present study only focuses on the stationary regime, whose characteristics appear to be almost independent of the Bond number and the aspect ratio but strongly dependent on the chemical Rayleigh number. Three decades of Rayleigh numbers are explored using particle image velocimetry measurements, which allows for a precise determination of the scaling exponents for the vertical velocity amplitude and the plume width. The assumption that gravity and a constant pressure gradient balance the viscous effects enables us to derive an analytic expression for the stationary vertical velocity on the axis, which scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{2/ 3} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $. As a consequence, the width of the plume scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{- 1/ 6} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{- 1/ 3} $ and the mass Nusselt number as $\mathop{(\mathit{Ra}/ \ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $. These scalings are in excellent agreement with the experimental and numerical results. The multiplicative constants of these scalings can also be calculated and show a fairly good agreement if a rigid boundary condition (no-slip) is assumed at the free surface.

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12

Starikov, V. V., and I. N. Lykov. "Carbon-limited Dissolution of Oxygen in Niobium." Crystal Research and Technology 31, no. 7 (1996): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170310719.

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13

Bowker, Michael, Jonathan Counsell, Kareem El-Abiary, Lee Gilbert, Chris Morgan, Sankaranarayanan Nagarajan, and Chinnakonda S. Gopinath. "Carbon Dissolution and Segregation in Pd(110)." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 11 (March 2010): 5060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9108046.

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14

Thom, James G. M., Gregory M. Dipple, Ian M. Power, and Anna L. Harrison. "Chrysotile dissolution rates: Implications for carbon sequestration." Applied Geochemistry 35 (August 2013): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.016.

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15

Todaka, Yoshikazu, Minoru Umemoto, and Koichi Tsuchiya. "Microstructural Change of Cementite in Carbon Steels by Deformation." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.525.

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Deformation and dissolution behavior of the cementite in eutectoid steels with pearlitic and spheroidite structures were studied using high resolution SEM and AFM. Cementite lamellae in deformed pearlite exhibited inhomogeneous slip, smooth thinning or necking, fragmentation and cleavage fracture. Complete dissolution of cementite lamellae and spheroidal cementite particles was observed in specimens deformed with large strains at high strain rates. The dissolution mechanism of cementite by heavy deformation was discussed.

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16

Fan, Xuliang, Yangfan Zhang, Jing Li, Kang Yang, Zhongxin Liang, Yaoguang Chen, Cunyuan Zhao, Zishou Zhang, and Kancheng Mai. "A general dissolution–recrystallization strategy to achieve sulfur-encapsulated carbon for an advanced lithium–sulfur battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 25 (2018): 11664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02180e.

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A novel dissolution–recrystallization strategy is, for the first time, proposed to fabricate a series of carbon@S cathodes via dissolution–recrystallization of granular sulfur into uniform sulfur layer encapsulated carbon in selective solution.

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17

Clancy, A. J., J. Melbourne, and M. S. P. Shaffer. "A one-step route to solubilised, purified or functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 32 (2015): 16708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03561a.

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18

Xu, Runsheng, Jianliang Zhang, Wei Wang, Bowen Dai, Haibin Zuo, Zhengliang Xue, and Mingming Song. "Evolutional behavior of carbonaceous material during dissolution in molten iron of COREX." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 4 (2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018020.

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The dissolution behaviours of lumpy coal and coke used in COREX gasifier in molten iron were investigated. The time-dependent interfacial reaction products were observed and the microcrystalline structures of solid fuels were identified. The results showed that the rate of carbon dissolution in molten iron using lumpy coal was significantly less than that when the coke was used. The ordered carbon microcrystalline at the reaction interface would be a priority to dissolve. The interface thickness of the eroded coke was larger than that of coal char due to the uneven microtexture distribution and the irregular pore structure. The amount of attachments on the erosion interface was positively related to the dissolution time regardless of the type of solid fuel. Although the amount of ash phases on the coal char surface was less than that on the coke surface, the final carbon content in molten iron and dissolution rate of coal char were still less due to its microstructure of carbon matrix. This study contributes to understanding the dissolution mechanism of the solid fuels used in COREX gasifier and improving the fuel utilization.

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19

Park, Geonhwan, Dong Eui Kwon, Wonbae Kong, Jimin Park, and Youn-Woo Lee. "A Dissolution Kinetic Study of Disperse Dye in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide to Design an Efficient Supercritical Dyeing Process." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060977.

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The dissolution behavior of dye in supercritical carbon dioxide influences the overall mass transfer that controls a supercritical dyeing process. Increasing the dissolution rate of the dye leads to shortening of the dyeing process time and can improve the efficiency of the process. Controlling the properties of the carbon dioxide flow is a good method to improve the dissolution rate of dyes. In this study, a dissolution kinetic model was designed by quantitatively analyzing and formulating the dissolution phenomenon of dyes using an in situ UV/Vis spectrometer. Through this model, the dissolution rate was compared by varying the geometric shape of the column containing the dye and the flow rate of carbon dioxide. Moreover, the correlation equation between the Reynolds number and Sherwood number was obtained through mass transfer coefficients derived under various conditions. In order to verify the utility of this equation, it was applied to a scaled-up device and the precise result could be predicted. This study can be useful in the design of dyeing processes and make-up equipment.

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20

Tungtrongpairoj, Jennarong. "A Microscopic Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dissolution in Different Coke Shapes in the Dripping Zone of Blast Furnace." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.8.

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The carbon dissolution of coke pieces in hot metal mainly influences the carbon content and carbon saturation temperature in the ironmaking process. The liquid metal and slag start to drop down in the dripping zone (DZ) which is located the lower part of blast furnaces. The dissolution of carbon in liquid metal and slag droplets passing the stagnant hot gas flow in the fixed coke bed of the dripping zone were observed by a multi-droplet model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The uniform-coke pattern was set in the model following the preferred distribution of a one-layer packed bed from a water droplet experiment. The different coke shapes relating to the shape factor from 0.75-1.0 were observed in a 40mm-coke bed. For one-time drainage, the carbon dissolution slightly increased after flow in the coke bed zone and showed a high percentage on the coke surface. The concavity and convexity of coke pieces have more effect on the interaction between liquid and coke surface. Besides, the carbon dissolution can be investigated to approach the coke consumption in one coke channel and estimate the carbon content and carbon saturation temperature of liquid metal after draining.

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21

Yang, Li, and Zuli Mao. "Effect of SiC Particle Contents and Size on the Microstructure and Dissolution of SiC-Hydroxyapatite Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101166.

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Carbon/carbon composites, when used as bone implant materials, do not adhere well to the bone tissues because of their non-bioactive characteristics. Therefore, we electro-deposited SiC-hydroxyapatite coatings (with an ultrasound-assisted step) on carbon/carbon composites. We analyzed how the content and size of the SiC particles affected the structure, morphology, bonding strength and dissolution of the SiC-hydroxyapatite coatings. The hydroxyapatite coating dissolution properties were assessed by the released Ca2+ and the weight loss. The SiC-hydroxyapatite coating on naked carbon/carbon composites showed a more compact microstructure in comparison to the hydroxyapatite coating on carbon/carbon composites. The reasons for the changes in the microstructure and the improvement in the adhesion of the coatings on C/C were discussed. Moreover, the addition of SiC particles increased the binding strengths of the hydroxyapatite coating on C/C composite, as well as reduced the dissolution rate of the hydroxyapatite coating.

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22

Lieffering, RE, and CDA Mclay. "The effect of hydroxide solutions on dissolution of organic-carbon in some New Zealand soils." Soil Research 33, no. 5 (1995): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950873.

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The disposal of high pH, hydroxide-based, liquid wastes using land treatment systems is becoming increasingly common in New Zealand. For effective disposal of high pH liquid wastes to land, it is necessary to understand the effects of different hydroxide-based solutions on organic carbon dissolution to ensure soil physical properties are not adversely affected. Single-step and multi-step extraction experiments were designed to investigate the effect of high pH solutions on organic carbon dissolution in four New Zealand soils. In the single-step extraction experiments, soil was shaken with varying concentrations of NaOH and KOH (0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 M) at a 1:5 soil to solution ratio for 18 h. Organic carbon dissolution occurred at very low concentrations and increased linearly with hydroxide concentration, with up to 45% of the total initial organic carbon dissolved when 0.3 M NaOH was used. KOH dissolved slightly less organic carbon than NaOH, indicating that a cation difference occurred. When the anion was changed to chloride, the amount of organic carbon dissolved was very small (<2% of total initial organic carbon) for all concentrations, indicating that the hydroxide anion was most important in causing organic carbon dissolution. Multi-step experiments involved repeatedly shaking soil with fresh hydroxide extracting solutions, and showed that the difference between NaOH and KOH in dissolving organic carbon decreased as the number of extractions increased. The cumulative amount of organic carbon dissolved increased from about 45% after a single-step extraction to about 75% after five extractions. Organic carbon dissolution with different solutions tended to be higher in an allophanic soil, but similar in soils dominated by phyllosilicate clay minerals. The results indicate that factors such as the chemical composition of the liquid waste and soil type need to be considered prior to land disposal to prevent adverse effects on soil physical properties.

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23

Huang, Chaofeng, Jing Wen, Yanfei Shen, Fei He, Li Mi, Ziyu Gan, Jin Ma, Songqin Liu, Haibo Ma, and Yuanjian Zhang. "Dissolution and homogeneous photocatalysis of polymeric carbon nitride." Chemical Science 9, no. 41 (2018): 7912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc03855d.

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24

Deng, Yong, Jian-liang Zhang, and Ke-xin Jiao. "Dissolution Mechanism of Carbon Brick into Molten Iron." ISIJ International 58, no. 5 (May 15, 2018): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-659.

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25

Soltanian, Mohamad Reza, Mohammad Amin Amooie, Naum Gershenzon, Zhenxue Dai, Robert Ritzi, Fengyang Xiong, David Cole, and Joachim Moortgat. "Dissolution Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Heterogeneous Aquifers." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 13 (June 16, 2017): 7732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01540.

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26

Wang, Joanna Shaofen, and Chien M. Wai. "Dissolution of Precious Metals in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 4 (February 2005): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie040198m.

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27

Gombert, Philippe. "Role of karstic dissolution in global carbon cycle." Global and Planetary Change 33, no. 1-2 (June 2002): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(02)00069-3.

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28

Neufeld, Jerome A., Marc A. Hesse, Amir Riaz, Mark A. Hallworth, Hamdi A. Tchelepi, and Herbert E. Huppert. "Convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers." Geophysical Research Letters 37, no. 22 (November 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl044728.

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29

KAWAHARA, Akimaro, and Yukihiro YONEMOTO. "Dissolution of carbon dioxide microbubbles into artificial seawater." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2019.24 (2019): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2019.24.a123.

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30

Jeon, Tae-Yeol, Sung Jong Yoo, Hee-Young Park, Sang-Kyung Kim, Seongyop Lim, Donghyun Peck, Doo-Hwan Jung, and Yung-Eun Sung. "Electrocatalytic Effects of Carbon Dissolution in Pd Nanoparticles." Langmuir 28, no. 7 (February 9, 2012): 3664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la2042668.

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31

Chen, Jian, Apparao M. Rao, Sergei Lyuksyutov, Mikhail E. Itkis, Mark A. Hamon, Hui Hu, Robert W. Cohn, et al. "Dissolution of Full-Length Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105, no. 13 (April 2001): 2525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp002596i.

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32

Liu, Yue-Lin, Hong-Bo Zhou, Shuo Jin, Ying Zhang, and Guang-Hong Lu. "Dissolution and diffusion properties of carbon in tungsten." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 22, no. 44 (October 10, 2010): 445504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/44/445504.

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33

Freund, Friedemann. "Carbon in oxides and silicates — dissolution versus exsolution." Journal of Crystal Growth 75, no. 1 (May 1986): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90231-9.

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34

Saji, A., H. Noda, Y. Takamura, T. Tanii, T. Takata, H. Kitamura, and T. Kamata. "Dissolution and sedimentation behavior of carbon dioxide clathrate." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (June 1995): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00051-e.

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35

Cholewinski, Aleksander, and Yuri Leonenko. "Ex-situ Dissolution of CO2 for Carbon Sequestration." Energy Procedia 37 (2013): 5427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.461.

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36

Chakraborty, Jay, Tias Maity, Mainak Ghosh, Goutam Das, and Sanjay Chandra. "Cementite Dissolution in Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires: Role of Dislocations." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.304.

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Despite numerous investigations in the past, mechanism of cementite dissolution has still remained a matter of debate. The present work investigates cementite dissolution during cold wire drawing of pearlitic steel (~ 0.8wt% carbon) at medium drawing strain (up to true strain 1.4) and the role of dislocations in the ferrite matrix on the dissolution process. Quantitative phase analysis using x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms more than 50% dissolution of cementite phase at drawing strain ~ 1.4. Detail analysis of the broadening of ferrite diffraction lines confirms presence of strain anisotropy in ferrite due to high density of dislocations (~ 1015m-2) at drawing strain 1.4. The results of the analysis shows that the screw dislocations near the ferrite-cementite interface are predominantly responsible for pulling the carbon atoms out of the cementite phase leading to its dissolution.

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37

Yu, Gui Ying, and Xiao Bing Li. "Dispersion and Preparation of Polyurethane/Carbon Nanotubes Composites." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.424.

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In the paper, the polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites were prepared by solution-blending method. The polyurethane dissolution, carbon nanotubes dispersion agent, dispersion method and preparation of composites were analyzed. The results showed that the tetrahydrofuran and N-N-dimethylfomamide could used as the dissolution of polyurethane. The dissolution is most even with the ratio of tetrahydrofuran and N-N-dimethylfomamide of 1:1, and 1g polyurethane grains were resolved with 20ml solutions about 72 h. The N-N-dimethylfomamide was used as dispersion agent of carbon nanotubes by ultrasonic dispersion about 2h. The producing process of polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites was successively heating, drying, and solidifing in the air, so the smooth surface could be received. The results indicated that the dispersion effect from good to poor is ultrasonic dispersion, magnetic dispersion and machining dispersion. With extension in time and increasing disperse frequency, the dispersion effect is better and better. But it also presented that the carbon nanotubes were reunited by magnetic and ultrasonic dispersion after the certainly scattered time, their best dispersion time were respectively two hours and one and a half hours.

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38

Hryha, E., L. Nyborg, and L. Alzati. "Dissolution of carbon in Cr-prealloyed PM steels: effect of carbon source." Powder Metallurgy 58, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0032589914z.000000000191.

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39

Pénicaud, A., L. Valat, A. Derré, P. Poulin, C. Zakri, O. Roubeau, M. Maugey, et al. "Mild dissolution of carbon nanotubes: Composite carbon nanotube fibres from polyelectrolyte solutions." Composites Science and Technology 67, no. 5 (April 2007): 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.032.

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Sarkar, Rajdeep, Chandan Mondal, Deepak Kumar, Sabyasachi Saha, Atul Kumar, and Partha Ghosal. "Structure-property Characterisation at Nanoscale using In-situ TEM and SEM." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 4 (June 28, 2016): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.10213.

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<p>In-situ electron microscopy is an emerging technique for real time visualisation of micro-structural changes of a specimen under some applied constraints inside microscope. In this study, in-situ nanoindentation experimentation on a carbon nanocoil inside transmission electron microscope has been reported. The elastic modulus of the carbon nanocoil is found to be 177 GPa. Similar experiments are also carried out on carbon nanotubes, but force response of carbon nanotubes is beyond the limit of sensors presently available. The present study also reports the in-situ dissolution behavior of the secondary phases of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy under high vacuum condition in scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C. We report for the first time using in-situ SEM technique that dissolution of the MgZn2-base phase present as eutectic and divorced eutectic forms could start at a temperature as low as 300 °C, although the usual homogenisation temperature of such alloys is always > 450 °C. Furthermore, the kinetics of dissolution of such phases, particularly when present in fine eutectic phase mixture, is significantly faster than what is observed under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that modification of surface composition under high vacuum condition plays a key role in the low temperature dissolution processes. It has further been found that the dissolution process does not start with the thinning of the IDC phase as proposed for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, rather it occurs by a combination of ‘spheroidisation’ and thinning process called ‘the thinning, discontinuation, and full dissolution’ (TDFD) mechanism. Results of the in-stu experiments under high vacuum are compared with the ex-situ dissolution experiments under normal atmospheric pressure.</p>

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Cvetković, Vesna S., Nataša M. Vukićević, Ksenija Milićević-Neumann, Srećko Stopić, Bernd Friedrich, and Jovan N. Jovićević. "Electrochemical Deposition of Al-Ti Alloys from Equimolar AlCl3 + NaCl Containing Electrochemically Dissolved Titanium." Metals 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010088.

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Al-Ti alloys were electrodeposited from equimolar chloroaluminate molten salts containing up to 0.1 M of titanium ions, which were added to the electrolyte by potentiostatic dissolution of metallic Ti. Titanium dissolution and titanium and aluminium deposition were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry at 200 and 300 °C. Working electrodes used were titanium and glassy carbon. The voltammograms on Ti obtained in the electrolyte without added Ti ions indicated titanium deposition and dissolution proceeding in three reversible steps: Ti4+ ⇄ Ti3+, Ti3+ ⇄ Ti2+ and Ti2+ ⇄ Ti. The voltammograms recorded with glassy carbon in the electrolyte containing added titanium ions did not always clearly register all of the three processes. However, peak currents, which were characteristics of Al, Ti and Al-Ti alloy deposition and dissolution, were evident in voltammograms on both working electrodes used. A constant potential electrodeposition regime was used to obtain deposits on the glassy carbon working electrode. The obtained deposits were characterized by SEM, energy-dispersive spectrometry and XRD. In the deposits on the glassy carbon electrode, the analysis identified an Al and AlTi3 alloy formed at 200 °C and an Al2Ti and Al3Ti alloy obtained at 300 °C.

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Solovyev, S. N., M. A. Krusheva, A. A. Gurov, and V. Aiguzhin. "Thermodynamic Characteristics of the Dissolution of Fullerene C60 in Benzene, Toluene, o-Xylene, o-Dichlorobenzene, and Carbon Disulfide at Different Temperatures." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (90) (June 2020): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-3-107-118.

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The enthalpy of the fullerene C60 dissolution in carbon disulfide CS2 at 298.15 K was measured in a calorimeter with an isothermal shell. The value of the standard enthalpy of the fullerene C60 dissolution in this substance was found. Standard thermodynamic functions of fullerene C60 dissolution in benzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, carbon disulfide, toluene, o-xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene at 298.15 K were determined based on the results of thermometric measurements and theoretical data. The standard thermodynamic functions have also been determined for toluene, o-xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene at temperatures of 288.15 and 308.15 K. The possible causes of the abnormal temperature dependence of the fullerene C60 solubility in some solvents, as well as sign changes in their dissolution enthalpies, in the temperature range of 288.15--308.15 K have been discussed

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Choi, J. M., B. J. Park, K. S. Lee, and K. J. Lee. "Modeling of Phase Transformation and Carbon Behaviors after Holding at γ/α Region and Controlled Cooling in Low Carbon Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3331.

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It is very important to understand interstitial carbon behaviors in cold rolled steel to get the good formability as well as the high strength. In low carbon steel, most of carbons are consumed by the formation of grain boundary cementite during cooling. During heating and holding between Ae1 and Ae3, cementite is dissolved and consequently carbon enriched austenite is formed. By controlled cooling, retained austenite as well as bainite and martensite are formed. In this study, the effect of silicon, intercritical annealing, isothermal bainite transformation on the formation of ferritic bainite, cementite and retained austenite are modeled by nucleation and growth, diffusion and dissolution. In addition, the formation of retained austenite and their carbon contents are modeled and compared with experimental data.

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Vukićević, Nataša M., Vesna S. Cvetković, Ljiljana S. Jovanović, Olga S. Radulović, and Jovan N. Jovićević. "Electrodeposition of Nb and Al from chloroaluminate melt on vitreous carbon." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/217.

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Niobium and aluminium were electrodeposited at 200 °C under argon atmosphere onto vitreous carbon from inorganic chloroaluminate melts (AlCl3+NaCl) with added niobium. Niobium was introduced into the electrolyte by anodic dissolution of metallic niobium or by chemical dissolution of Nb2O5 in a melt of equimolar AlCl3+NaCl mixture. The processes of deposition/dissolution onto/from vitreous carbon were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Characterization of the obtained deposits was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The only observed reduction processes on the working electrode in the potential window from 1.000 V to – 1.000 V vs. Al, were individual niobium deposition and codeposition of niobium and aluminium with Al-Nb alloys formation. Electrodeposition of niobium from the chloroaluminate melt with added niobium (V) oxide seems to start at around – 0.100 V vs. Al and at about – 0.200 V vs. Al aluminium starts codepositing. During the codeposition Nb-Al alloys were formed. Niobium deposition starting potential from the electrolyte with niobium added by anodic dissolution starts at 0.100 V vs. Al, and aluminium codeposition starting potential was at around – 0.025 V vs. Al, followed by Nb/Al alloy formation.

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Cham, S. Tsuey, Veena Sahajwalla, Richard Sakurovs, Haiping Sun, and Maria Dubikova. "Factors Influencing Carbon Dissolution from Cokes into Liquid Iron." ISIJ International 44, no. 11 (2004): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.1835.

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Mesci, A. Kadir, and Fatih Sevim. "Dissolution of magnesia in aqueous carbon dioxide by ultrasound." International Journal of Mineral Processing 79, no. 2 (May 2006): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2005.06.002.

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Sun, Ruopeng, and Thomas Cubaud. "Dissolution of carbon dioxide bubbles and microfluidic multiphase flows." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 17 (2011): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20348g.

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Pénicaud, Alain, Philippe Poulin, Alain Derré, Eric Anglaret, and Pierre Petit. "Spontaneous Dissolution of a Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Salt." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 1 (January 2005): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0443373.

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Ahmad, Waqar, Balwant Singh, Ram C. Dalal, and Feike A. Dijkstra. "Carbon dynamics from carbonate dissolution in Australian agricultural soils." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14060.

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Land-use and management practices on limed acidic and carbonate-bearing soils can fundamentally alter carbon (C) dynamics, creating an important feedback to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Transformation of carbonates in such soils and its implication for C sequestration with climate change are largely unknown and there is much speculation about inorganic C sequestration via bicarbonates. Soil carbonate equilibrium is complicated, and all reactants and reaction products need to be accounted for fully to assess whether specific processes lead to a net removal of atmospheric CO2. Data are scarce on the estimates of CaCO3 stocks and the effect of land-use management practices on these stocks, and there is a lack of understanding on the fate of CO2 released from carbonates. We estimated carbonate stocks from four major soil types in Australia (Calcarosols, Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols). In >200-mm rainfall zone, which is important for Australian agriculture, the CaCO3-C stocks ranged from 60.7 to 2542 Mt at 0–0.3 m depth (dissolution zone), and from 260 to 15 660 Mt at 0–1.0 m depth. The combined CaCO3-C stocks in Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols were about 30% of those in Calcarosols. Total average CaCO3-C stocks in the dissolution zone represented 11–23% of the stocks present at 0–1.0 m depth, across the four soil types. These estimates provide a realistic picture of the current variation of CaCO3-C stocks in Australia while offering a baseline to estimate potential CO2 emission–sequestration through land-use changes for these soil types. In addition, we provide an overview of the uncertainties in accounting for CO2 emission from soil carbonate dissolution and major inorganic C transformations in soils as affected by land-use change and management practices, including liming of acidic soils and its secondary effects on the mobility of dissolved organic C. We also consider impacts of liming on mineralisation of the native soil C, and when these transformations should be considered a net atmospheric CO2 source or sink.

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MURASAWA, Yuki, Masanori HIRAOKA, and Masao YUKUMOTO. "A207 Research on carbon dioxide dissolution and algal culture." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.249.

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