Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

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Orlovic, Aleksandar, Stojan Petrovic, and Dejan Skala. "Mathematical modeling and simulation of gel drying with supercritical carbon dioxide." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 1 (2005): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0501125o.

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Mathematical models of alumina/silica gel supercritical drying with carbon dioxide were studied using supercritical drying experimental data. An alumina/silica gel with zinc chloride was synthesized and dried with superciritical carbon dioxide, and its weight change was monitored as a function of drying time. The pore size distribution of the obtained aerogel was determined using the BET method and nitrogen adsorption/ desorption. The mathematical model of the supercritical drying of the wet gel was represented as unsteady and one-dimensional diffusion of solvent through the aerogel pores filled with supercitical carbon dioxide. Parallel pore model and pores in series model were developed on the basis of the measured porous structure of the aerogel. It was found that these models which use different effective diffusivity value for each pore size were in much better agreement with the experimental data than models which use an overall effective diffusivity. The local effective diffusivity coefficients were calculated using different tortuosity values for each pore size, and they were distributed according to the pore size distribution data. Model simulations of the superciritical drying with carbon dioxide confirmed that the drying temperature and gel particle diameter have a significant influence on the drying time.
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Khasanov, Marat K., Nail G. Musakaev, Maxim V. Stolpovsky, and Svetlana R. Kildibaeva. "Mathematical Model of Decomposition of Methane Hydrate during the Injection of Liquid Carbon Dioxide into a Reservoir Saturated with Methane and Its Hydrate." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091482.

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The article describes a mathematical model of pumping of heated liquid carbon dioxide into a reservoir of finite extent, the pores of which in the initial state contain methane and methane gas hydrate. This model takes into account the existence in the reservoir of three characteristic regions. We call the first region “near”, the second “intermediate”, and the third “far”. According to the problem statement, the first region contains liquid CO2 and hydrate, the second region is saturated with methane and water, the third contains methane and hydrate. The main features of mathematical models that provide a consistent description of the considered processes are investigated. It was found that at sufficiently high injection pressures and low pressures at the right reservoir boundary, the boundary of carbon dioxide hydrate formation can come up with the boundary of methane gas hydrate decomposition. It is also shown that at sufficiently low values of pressure of injection of carbon dioxide and pressure at the right boundary of the reservoir, the pressure at the boundary of hydrate formation of carbon dioxide drops below the boiling pressure of carbon dioxide. In this case, for a consistent description of the considered processes, it is necessary to correct the mathematical model in order to take into account the boiling of carbon dioxide. Maps of possible solutions have been built, which show in what ranges of parameters one or another mathematical model is consistent.
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Leonzio, Grazia, and Edwin Zondervan. "Surface-Response Analysis for the Optimization of a Carbon Dioxide Absorption Process Using [hmim][Tf2N]." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091063.

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The [hmim][Tf2N] ionic liquid is considered in this work to develop a model in Aspen Plus® capturing carbon dioxide from shifted flue gas through physical absorption. Ionic liquids are innovative and promising green solvents for the capture of carbon dioxide. As an important aspect of this research, optimization is carried out for the carbon capture system through a central composite design: simulation and statistical analysis are combined together. This leads to important results such as the identification of significant factors and their combinations. Surface plots and mathematical models are developed for capital costs, operating costs and removal of carbon dioxide. These models can be used to find optimal operating conditions maximizing the amount of captured carbon dioxide and minimizing total costs: the percentage of carbon dioxide removal is 93.7%, operating costs are 0.66 million €/tonCO2 captured (due to the high costs of ionic liquid), and capital costs are 52.2 €/tonCO2 captured.
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Bobkov, Vladimir I., and Maxim I. Dli. "PECULIARITIES OF CALCULATION OF HEAT AND POWER BALANCE FOR ROASTING CONVEYOR MACHINE." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 58 (2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2021-58-84-70-76.

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The work examines the chemical and energotechnological processes of pellet production from fine apatite-nepheline raw materials: moisture removal, carbonate dissociation, taking into account the thermal and technological features of the functioning of roasting conveyor machines. It was established that the same physicochemical processes differ in quantitative characteristics in the process zones of heating, roasting and recovery. The need of the charge for the heat carrier gas for the corresponding zones, the content of carbon dioxide, iron oxide and carbon in dry pellets, which depend on the chemical composition, the degree of carbon dioxide release, iron oxide oxidation and carbon combustion are taken into account. According to the results of the experimental data and depending on the composition of the charge the following characteristics are calculated for each of the zones: heat consumption for limestone decomposition, specific volume of carbon dioxide, heat output during the oxidation of iron oxide, oxygen flow for iron oxide oxidation, heat introduced by carbon dioxide, initial and final heat of heat carrier gas. The mathematical description of heat and power peculiarities of functioning of roasting conveyor machines is proposed. It is based on energy-balance mathematical models and takes into account thermally activated chemical-energotechnological processes, which take place in apatite-nepheline technogenic raw materials during heating
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Lazăr, Avram, Cristescu Tudora, and Stoica Monica Emanuela. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Monitoring in Romania in the Context of Greenhouse Gases Reduction." MATEC Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817105001.

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The weather changes we are currently witnessing, characterised by dynamism and extreme phenomena, are the direct and indirect result of human activities which are determining the global atmosphere change in composition. The paperwork follows the evaluation and comparison of carbon dioxide emission coefficient in case of liquid oil fuels burning. The calculus model used for the carbon dioxide emission coefficient evaluation has been developed based on mathematical models from specific publications. It was applied in the case study based on data from specific literature. The results obtained following the evaluation allowed certain comparisons in the field of carbon dioxide emissions in case of the complete burning of certain fluid hydrocarbons use in industry.
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Gheni, Saba A., Mohammed F. Abed, Essam K. Halabia, and Saad R. Ahmed. "Investigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in a falling film contactor by computer simulation." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018020.

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In this work, mathematical models of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption by monoethanolamine amine (MEA) in a falling film contactor are developed. The proposed models aim to predict conversion of the gas–liquid reaction along the contactor, gas–liquid interface temperature profile (axial and radial), liquid film thickness along the contactor length, axial and radial concentration profiles of reactants in liquid film, and axial and radial profiles of velocity in the liquid film. A code written in MatLab was used to obtain these profiles based on multi grid method through programming of kinetic and thermodynamic equations and physical properties of the absorption system. The mathematical model is validated by an experimental measurement based on absorption of CO2 gas by MEA solution. Four parameters are studied as independent variables namely, mole fraction of carbon dioxide in gaseous mixture, molar concentration of absorbent (MEA, volumetric flow rate of MEA, and its temperature. It is found that the entrance effect of the falling film contactor is related to axial distance from the contactor entrance exponentially: E=B0exp(−B1y) An optimization technique based on minimization of the sum of the squared error between the experimental and predicted composition of absorption process is used to obtain B0 and B1. It is found that reaction between carbon dioxide and MEA is instantaneous, and the axial conversion of carbon dioxide in the gas phase varies exponentially with the contactor length.
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Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing. "Configuration of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve demystified: a basic mathematical proof for medical and biological sciences undergraduates." Advances in Physiology Education 31, no. 2 (June 2007): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00012.2007.

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The oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin (Hb) has been widely studied and mathematically described for nearly a century. Numerous mathematical models have been designed to predict with ever-increasing accuracy the behavior of oxygen transport by Hb in differing conditions of pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, Hb levels, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations that enable their applications in various clinical situations. The modeling techniques employed in many existing models are notably borrowed from advanced and highly sophisticated mathematics that are likely to surpass the comprehensibility of many medical and bioscience students due to the high level of “mathematical maturity” required. It is, however, a worthy teaching point in physiology lectures to illustrate in simple mathematics the fundamental reason for the crucial sigmoidal configuration of the ODC such that the medical and bioscience undergraduates can readily appreciate it, which is the objective of this basic dissertation.
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Ťupek, Boris, Carina A. Ortiz, Shoji Hashimoto, Johan Stendahl, Jonas Dahlgren, Erik Karltun, and Aleksi Lehtonen. "Underestimation of boreal soil carbon stocks by mathematical soil carbon models linked to soil nutrient status." Biogeosciences 13, no. 15 (August 10, 2016): 4439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4439-2016.

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Abstract. Inaccurate estimate of the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, is the major source of uncertainty in simulating feedback of climate warming on ecosystem–atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange by process-based ecosystem and soil carbon models. Although the models need to simplify complex environmental processes of soil carbon sequestration, in a large mosaic of environments a missing key driver could lead to a modeling bias in predictions of SOC stock change.We aimed to evaluate SOC stock estimates of process-based models (Yasso07, Q, and CENTURY soil sub-model v4) against a massive Swedish forest soil inventory data set (3230 samples) organized by a recursive partitioning method into distinct soil groups with underlying SOC stock development linked to physicochemical conditions.For two-thirds of measurements all models predicted accurate SOC stock levels regardless of the detail of input data, e.g., whether they ignored or included soil properties. However, in fertile sites with high N deposition, high cation exchange capacity, or moderately increased soil water content, Yasso07 and Q models underestimated SOC stocks. In comparison to Yasso07 and Q, accounting for the site-specific soil characteristics (e. g. clay content and topsoil mineral N) by CENTURY improved SOC stock estimates for sites with high clay content, but not for sites with high N deposition.Our analysis suggested that the soils with poorly predicted SOC stocks, as characterized by the high nutrient status and well-sorted parent material, indeed have had other predominant drivers of SOC stabilization lacking in the models, presumably the mycorrhizal organic uptake and organo-mineral stabilization processes. Our results imply that the role of soil nutrient status as regulator of organic matter mineralization has to be re-evaluated, since correct SOC stocks are decisive for predicting future SOC change and soil CO2 efflux.
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Semenov, Sergey P., and Artem O. Tashkin. "The carbon cycle models analysis as applied to research wetland ecosystems in Western Siberia." Yugra State University Bulletin 18, no. 4 (January 14, 2023): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18822/byusu202204145-152.

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Subject of research: global climate processes are directly related to greenhouse gases (greenhouse gases, GHG). The main greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which makes the problem of studying the dynamics of the carbon cycle relevant. Of particular interest is the study of the swamp ecosystems of Western Siberia, since they contain significant carbon reserves. Purpose of research: the work is devoted to an analytical review and analysis of current publications in the field of modeling the dynamics of the carbon cycle. Methods and objects of research: the most popular dynamic models reflecting schemes and elements of the global carbon cycle, as well as functional dependencies of carbon consumption and release are considered. Main results of research: analytical reviews of modern scientific results in the field of mathematical modeling of the carbon cycle scheme are given. There is a proposition of a carbon cycle model, which aimed at studying the dynamics of greenhouse gases in swamp ecosystems of Western Siberia.
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Diniz, Hélio A. G., Tiago F. Paulino, Juan J. G. Pabon, Antônio A. T. Maia, and Raphael N. Oliveira. "Dynamic Model of a Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump for Residential Water Heating." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 3464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063464.

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This paper presents a distributed mathematical model for a carbon dioxide direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump used to heat bath water. The main components are a gas cooler, a needle valve, an evaporator/collector, and a compressor. To develop the heat exchange models, mass, energy, and momentum balances were used. The model was validated for transient as well as steady state conditions using experimental data. A reasonably good agreement was observed between the predicted temperatures and experimental data. The simulations showed that the time step required to demonstrate the behavior of the heat pump in the transient regime is greater than the time step required for the steady state. The results obtained with the mathematical model revealed that a reduction in the water mass flow rate results in an increase in the water outlet temperature. In addition, when the carbon dioxide mass flow rate is reduced, the compressor inlet and outlet temperatures increase as well as the water outlet temperature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

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Kasturirangan, Anupama. "Specific interactions in carbon dioxide + polymer systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22570.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Dr Amyn.S.Teja; Committee Member: Dr Haskell Beckham; Committee Member: Dr Peter. J. Ludovice; Committee Member: Dr William.J.Koros; Committee Member: Dr. Thomas H. Sanders.
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Thompson, Christopher David. "An analytical and experimental investigation of respiratory dynamics using P/D control and carbon dioxide feedback." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43059.

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This thesis addresses the problem of defining the control law for human respiration. Seven different drivers have been identified as possibly having an input to the respiratory controller. These seven represent a combination of feedforward and feedback inputs arising from neural and humoral mechanisms. Using the assumption that carbon dioxide concentrations in the arterial blood have the strongest effect, a control equation with proportional and derivative components based on this driver was evaluated. The methodology for the evaluation was to create a model of the respiratory system incorporating the P/D controller, obtain experimental data of one test subject's respiratory response to exercise, then compare model generated output with experimental data, and adjust the parameters in the control equation to yield optimal model performance. The usual practice of testing controller performance has been to apply single step loads to a model and evaluate its response. A multi-step protocol was used here to provide a better, more generalized test of controller performance. This thesis may represent the first documented use of an approach of this type for evaluating respiratory controller performance. Application of a multi-step protocol revealed a non-linear controller was needed to keep pace with system changes. Respiratory system operation was effectively managed using a controller of the form: VENTILATION = F(dCO2/dT,Q) + F(CO2,Q) + CONSTANT.
Master of Science
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Briesemeister, Roberta. "Modelagem matematica para o estudo do oidio em uma plantação de soja sob os efeitos do CO2." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307575.

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Orientador: Laercio Luis Vendite
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T21:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Briesemeister_Roberta_M.pdf: 814655 bytes, checksum: bf6c5b877276e48f013d98984a004dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: As recentes mudanças climáticas no planeta, estão promovendo alterações na ocorrência e desenvolvimento de doenças de plantas. O principal gás causador desse acontecimento é o dióxido de carbono, CO2. Baseado neste fato, foi desenvolvido pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente, um experimento que trabalha com cenários futuros, tendo em vista a quantidade de CO2 presente na atmosfera. Preliminarmente foi feita uma análise estatística dos dados, verificando a área foliar lesionada, a altura das plantas primárias de soja, a nodulação e o peso seco. Com os resultados obtidos nessa análise, observamos que havia uma diferença significativa no tamanho da área foliar lesionada quando exposto a níveis diferentes de CO2. À partir desses dados, foi elaborado um modelo matemático determinístico para a previsão do crescimento da área foliar lesionada, causada pelo oídio, acoplando na taxa de crescimento da lesão a influência da quantidade de CO2. Algumas simulações foram feitas utilizando o crescimento da quantidade de CO2 da atmosfera. Com os dados existentes de anos anteriores, observamos em todos os casos, que altos níveis de CO2, provocam uma diminuição na área foliar lesionada. Muito embora exista uma diminuição nessa área, a quantidade do patógeno cresce exponecialmente no tempo. O que nos faz concluir, que em cenários futuros, haverá uma grande dissiminação na doença da soja, provocada pelo oídio
Abstract: The recently climate changes of the planet are promoving alteration in the incident and development in the plants diseases. The main gas that cause this event is the carbon dioxide, CO2. Based in this fact, it was developed by Embrapa environmental, the experiment that works with futures scenarios, looking the quality of CO2 present in the atmosphere. First of all it was made a statistic analyses of datas, verifing the leaf area that was damned, the hights of the primary soybeans plants, the nodulation and the dry weight. With the results that was gotten in this analyses, we could notice that it had a significant difference in the size of the leafs area damned when it was expose in differents levels of CO2. Starting from this datas, it was elaborated a deterministical mathematic model for crop the growing leaf area damned, caused by mildew, coupled in the growing rate of the damned area the influence of the CO2 quantity. Some simulation it were done using the growing quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere. With the presents datas of the years, we observe that in all cases, that hight level of CO2 cause the reduction of the damned leafs area. Even thought exists a reduction in this area, the quantity of pathogen grows exponentially in the times. What make us conclude, that in futures scenarios, will have a big spread in the soybean disease, caused py mildew
Mestrado
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
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Chiang, Yang-Sheng. "Estimating landscape level leaf area index and net primary productivity using field measurements, satellite imagery, and a 2-D ecophysiological model." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1294241.

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This study has provided a landscape level estimate of leaf area index (LAI) and net primary productivity (NPP) for a temperate broadleaf forest ecosystem in south-central Indiana. The estimates were compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) biophysical products LAI and NPP from both spatial and temporal perspectives. The evidence suggests that field-based estimates were poorly correlated with global MODIS data due to the simplifying assumptions of the MODIS global applicability, saturation problems of the red reflectance in highly vegetated areas, homogeneous land cover types of the study area, and other design assumptions of the field-based estimates. To improve the localized applicability of MODIS product algorithms, an empirical and localized algorithm combining in-situ measurements, the buildup of a localized biophysical model, and remote sensing-derived data were suggested for each local-scaled ecosystem.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Powell, James Eckhardt. "Building a Multivariable Linear Regression Model of On-road Traffic for Creation of High Resolution Emission Inventories." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3415.

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Emissions inventories are an important tool, often built by governments, and used to manage emissions. To build an inventory of urban CO2 emissions and other fossil fuel combustion products in the urban atmosphere, an inventory of on-road traffic is required. In particular, a high resolution inventory is necessary to capture the local characteristics of transport emissions. These emissions vary widely due to the local nature of the fleet, fuel, and roads. Here we show a new model of ADT for the Portland, OR metropolitan region. The backbone is traffic counter recordings made by the Portland Bureau of Transportation at 7,767 sites over 21 years (1986-2006), augmented with PORTAL (The Portland Regional Transportation Archive Listing) freeway traffic count data. We constructed a regression model to fill in traffic network gaps using GIS data such as road class and population density. An EPA-supplied emissions factor was used to estimate transportation CO2 emissions, which is compared to several other estimates for the city's CO2 footprint.
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Pinto, Taborga Carola. "A methodology and a mathematical model for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the suppply chain redesign." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/620787.

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Virtually the entire scientific, political, business, and social community is aware of the importance of climate change. Countries adhering to the Kyoto Protocol have taken up the challenge of reducing carbon emission, implementing national policies that include the introduction of carbon emissions trading programs, voluntary programs, taxes on carbon emissions and energy efficiency standards. In this context, the business world must be able to generate a carbon reduction strategy to ensure long-term success, considering also that customers (and investors) are ever more interested in the well-being of the environment, and increasingly demand their suppliers to be eco-friendly. This thesis has addressed the problem of designing (or redesigning) the supply chain to reduce carbon emission in an economically viable and, as far as possible, optimal way. The thesis addresses the problem by designing a complete and formalized methodology, which also includes a mathematical model to determine the best decisions to take. The research begins, as usual, with a review of the basic terminology, standards and the scientific literature related to the topic. From the review of the literature, it has been concluded that, although there are authors who propose models related to the design of the supply chain including carbon reduction, there is a lack of formalized methodologies that can be applied to real cases . The methodology consists of 4 stages: 1) The creation of a corporate carbon strategy; 2) The alignment with strategic financial planning; 3) The development of a mathematical model; and 4) The implementation and tracking. In the first stage a six-step guide is developed to create a corporate carbon strategy. The steps are: 1) Determine the type of emission; 2) Boundaries definition; 3) Planning and performance information; 4) ldentify carbon reduction opportunities; 5) Determine carbon reduction goals; 6) Participating in programs and carbon markets . In the second stage, the corporate carbon strategy is evaluated from a financial point of view and integrated into the strategic planning. In the third stage, a Mixed lnteger Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed to obtain a plan for the supply chain redesign, so that: 1) the carbon reduction targets are achieved; 2) the strategic financial plan is taken into account; 3) all the real possibilities are contemplated to redesign the supply chain; and 4) a solution is achieved to optimize the economic results of the company. The carbon reduction methodology , including the mathematical model, has been applied to three case studies that are useful for adjusting sorne elements and for its validation . The first case study corresponds to a company that operates in the Home and Personal Care sector in Brazil, where the system of taxes is more complex than in other countries and illustrates how the mathematical model can be adapted to any context. The second case study deals with a multinational company which operates in the Foods sector in Spain and requires a redesign of the supply chain to improve its product cost. Finally, the third case used a company in the U.S. to show the effect of the scope definition on the carbon strategy. In the three cases, the solution of the mathematical model maximizes the net profit, whilst the carbon reduction target is achieved. Therefore, the carbon reduction methodology is useful for achieving economic and environmental benefits, as well as providing benefits related to the improvement of the corporate image, strengthening of brands and avoiding possible carbon taxes risks. In conclusion, the carbon reduction methodology proposed in this thesis, was developed to support companies that want to generate a competitive advantage and a sustainable development. In addition, it was designed to be flexible enough to adapt to the needs of each business and facilitate its execution in the business world.
Prácticamente toda la comunidad científica, política, comercial y social es consciente de la importancia del desafío medio ambiental relacionado con las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEi). Los paises adheridos al Protocolo de Kioto han asumido el desafío de reducir los GEi, implementando políticas que incluyen programas de comercio de emisiones , programas voluntarios, impuestos sobre la emisión de GEi y normas sobre eficiencia energética. En este contexto, el mundo empresarial debe ser capaz de generar una estrategia de reducción de GEi para garantizar el éxito a largo plazo, considerando además que los clientes están cada vez más interesados en el bienestar del medio ambiente . Esta tesis ha abordado el problema de diseñar (o rediseñar) la cadena de suministro como vía para la reducción de GEi de una manera económicamente viable y, en la medida de lo posible, óptima. La tesis aborda la problemática diseñando una metodología completa y formalizada, que incluye también un modelo matemático para determinar las mejores decisiones a tomar. De la revisión de la literatura, se ha concluido que, si bien existen autores que proponen modelos relacionados con el diseño de la cadena de suministro que incluyen la reducción de GEi, no existen trabajos que propongan una metodología completa y suficientemente formalizada que puedan ser aplicados a la realidad. La metodología consta de 4 etapas que son: 1) La creación de una estrategia corporativa para la reducción de GEi; 2) La alineación con la planificación financiera estratégica; 3) El desarrollo de un modelo matemático; y 4) La implementación y seguimiento. En la primera etapa se desarrolla una guía de seis pasos para crear una estrategia corporativa para la reducción de GEi, los pasos son: 1) Determinar el tipo de emisión; 2) Definir el alcance; 3) Establecer las bases de la medición; 4) Identificar oportunidades de reducción de GEi; 5) Establecer los objetivos; 6) Planificar la participación en programas de reducción de GEi. En la segunda etapa, la estrategia corporativa antes propuesta, se evalúa desde un punto de vista financiero y se integra en la planificación estratégica. En la tercera etapa, se propone un modelo de Programación Lineal Entera Mixta para obtener un plan para et rediseño de ta cadena de suministro, de modo que: 1) se logren tos objetivos de reducción de GEi; 2) se tenga en cuenta el plan financiero estratégico; 3) se contemplen todas las posibilidades reales para rediseñar la cadena de suministro; y 4) se optimicen tos resultados económicos de la empresa. La metodología, incluyendo el programa matemático se ha probado en tres casos de estudio. El primer caso de estudio corresponde a una multinacional del sector de productos de higiene del hogar y cuidado personal que opera en Brasil, donde el modelo matemático fue adaptado para integrar beneficios fiscales. El segundo caso trata de una multinacional del sector alimentario basada en España que requiere un rediseño de la cadena de suministro para mejorar el coste de producir. Finalmente, en el tercer caso se utiliza una empresa del sector del metal basada en EE. UU., para ilustrar la importancia de la definición de límites y responsabilidades corporativas . En los tres casos de estudio, el modelo matemático maximiza el beneficio neto mientras alcanza el objetivo de reducción de GEi. Por lo tanto, la metodología es útil para conseguir beneficios económicos y medio ambientales, además de brindar beneficios relacionados con la mejora de la imagen corporativa, fortalecimiento de las marcas y el evitar posibles riesgos impositivos . En conclusión, la metodología propuesta fue desarrollada para que su implementación pueda generar en las empresas una ventaja competitiva y un crecimiento fundamentado en la sostenibilidad ambiental; asimismo, fue diseñada para que sea lo suficientemente flexible y pueda adaptarse a las necesidades de cada negocio
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Li, Zhe 1974. "The environmental Kuznets curve reexamined for CO₂ emissions in Canadian manufacturing industries /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80319.

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Recent studies of the environmental Kuznets curve raise questions regarding the relationship between environmental indicators and GDP and the fundamental reasons that explain this relationship. In response, this thesis presents one-sector and two-sector models to analyze the alternative causal relationships between an environmental indicator and GDP at different stages of economic development. These models analyze how economic scale, technology, preferences, and economic structure influence the causality and shape of the relationship. These theoretical studies are followed by two empirical studies. The first tests the causal relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP in Canadian manufacturing industries. The second explores several factors as the fundamental causes that influence the CO2 emissions in the same industries. Factors, such as economic scale, preferences, technological progress, structural change, and energy input, are found to be crucial in the determination of CO2 emissions. The empirical results are positive, but there are data limitations. The empirical studies can be re-evaluated as more data becomes available.
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McLellan, Bradley John. "Development of an Intraruminal Controlled-Release Device." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2527.

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Slow-release devices retained in the rumen, are a simple method for continuous administration of bioactives to ruminant animals. To satisfy regulatory requirements and avoid waste of bioactive due to under- or over-dosing, it is advantageous to have a constant and predictable release rate. Existing intraruminal controlled-release technologies cannot easily be adapted for different bioactives or rates of release and can be influenced by the variable physiological environment in the rumen. Some existing commercial products use the pressure generated by a hydrogen gas-producing cell to extrude fluids from a syringe-like device. This technology may provide advantages for ruminal controlled-release as the gas production rate is unaffected by environment in the rumen and can be easily adjusted using electrical resistance applied to the gas cell. This technology was adapted for use in the rumen in these studies. Initial experiments identified the need for greater understanding of the rate that hydrogen is produced by the gas cell and the rate that gas diffuses through the barrel walls. Gas production rate was found to be inversely proportional to the resistance applied to the gas-producing cell. Factors affecting gas diffusion rate from the device were studied and a polymer was identified that reduced hydrogen diffusion to 5% of that for the initial components used. A relationship was developed to predict the release profile of a device. Controlled-release devices were constructed from selected materials. They released blank formulation at in vitro at a constant rate, which was within experimental variation of predicted values. Release rates from the devices used in vivo were slightly higher than predicted. The presence of rumen gases inside in vivo devices suggested that the difference may be due to inward diffusion of these gases; these may be eliminated by further study of barrel materials. Recommendations on the redesign of this technology for use as a generic intraruminal delivery system are given.
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Djalilvand, Hamid. "Growth response of Pinus resinosa and Picea abies to past and future climatic variations." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23997.

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Growth responses to climatic variables of red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) were studied at the Morgan Arboretum, near Montreal, in southern Quebec, Canada (45$ sp circ$ 25$ sp prime$ N, 73$ sp circ$ 57$ sp prime$ W; 15.2 m above sea level). The relationships between climatic variables and basal area growth were examined using linear and quadratic models. Current and previous year's climatic variables were tested separately and in combination using multiple regression models. The best models explained 82% and 85% of the total variance of the growth of Norway spruce and red pine, respectively. The growth of both species was more associated with evapotranspiration than precipitation. The growth of Norway spruce was best explained by the current year's annual evapotranspiration (43%), while the growth of red pine was more related to previous year's August evapotranspiration (33%) at our site.
The JABOWA model was used to predict tree growth in hypothetical climates which could result from global climate changes. Based on literature, five treatments were applied: normal, and increases of 1, 3, 5, and 10$ sp circ$C. Comparison between the last (1983-1992) and next (1993-2002) ten years growth showed no significant differences between species when temperature was normal or increased by 1 and 3$ sp circ$C, but significant differences between species were observed when the temperature was increased by 5$ sp circ$C. Both species declined when the temperature was increased by 10$ sp circ$C. We concluded that Norway spruce is more sensitive to increases in atmospheric temperatures than red pine at our site.
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Mitchell, Mark J. "Mathematical modelling of carbon dioxide dissolution and reaction processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14502/.

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Carbon dioxide dissolution into water is a ubiquitous chemical process on earth, and having a full understanding of this process is becoming ever more important as we seek to understand the consequences of 250 years of exponentially-increasing anthropogenic C02 emissions to the atmosphere since the start of the Industrial Revolution. We examine the dissolution of C02 into water in a number of contexts. First, we analyse what happens to a range of chemical species dissolved in water following an injection of additional C02. We consider the well-mixed problem, and use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to obtain new expressions for the changes in the species' concentrations with time, the new final chemical equilibrium, and the time scales over which this equilibrium is reached, as functions of time, the parameters and the initial condition. These results can be used to help predict the changes in the pH and concentrations of dissolved carbonic species that will occur in the oceans as a result of anthropogenic C02 emissions, and in saline aquifer formations after pumping C02 deep underground. Second, we consider what happens deep underground in a saline aquifer when C02 has been pumped in, spreads through the pore space, and dissolves into the resident water, when advection, diffusion, and chemical reaction have varying levels of relative importance. We examine the length scales over which the dissolved C02 will spread out through an individual pore, ahead of a spreading drop of C02, and the concentrations of the different chemical species within the pore, in the steady-state case. Finally, some experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of an injection of gaseous C02 on the chemical composition and pH of a saturated limestone aquifer formation. As the C02 enters the soil, it dissolves into the water, and we model the changes in the chemical composition of the water/limestone mixture with time.
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Books on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

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Edwards, John C. Mathematical model of absorption of carbon dioxide by rescue breathing apparatus scrubber. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Rayner, P. J. A Comparison of modelled responses to prescribed CO₂ sources. [Melbourne]: CSIRO Australia, 1995.

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Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget: A preliminary assessment. Australia: CSIRO, 1992.

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Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget: A preliminary assessment. [Melbourne]: CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, 1992.

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Abdulagatov, A. I. Binary aqueous and CO₂ containing mixtures and the Krichevskii parameter. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Enting, I. G. Characterising the temporal variability of the global carbon cycle. Aspendale, Vic: CSIRO, 1999.

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Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide: Thermodynamics, kinetics, and reaction path modeling. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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Hans-Josef, Jung, and Knottenberg Heinrich, eds. Modeling the influence of carbon dioxide on the global and regional climate: Methodology and results. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1985.

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Enting, I. G. Future emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide: Key ocean/atmosphere/land analyses. Australia: CSIRO, 1994.

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Räisänen, Jouni. Climate response to increasing CO₂ and anthropogenic sulphate aerosols: Comparison between two models. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Dept. of Meteorology, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

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Zhu, W., Y. Long, Q. Liu, Y. Ju, and X. Huang. "Complex Flow Mathematical Model of Gas Pool with Sulfur Deposition." In Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Related Technologies, 227–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118175552.ch14.

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Zhu, Hongjun, Yuanhua Lin, Yongxing Sun, Dezhi Zeng, Zhi Zhang, and Taihe Shi. "Coupled Mathematical Model of Gas Migration in Cemented Annulus with Mud Column in Acid Gas Well." In Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Related Technologies, 449–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118175552.ch25.

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Elmajidi, Azeddine, Jamila Elalami, and Elhousseine Elmazoudi. "Parameter identification and fuzzy T-S robust static output stabilization for a carbon dioxide model." In Advances in Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Engineering Systems, 1–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003367420-1.

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Brown, R. S. "Evolution of Models for the Structural, Spectroscopic, and Catalytic Properties of Carbonic Anhydrase." In Carbon Dioxide as a Source of Carbon, 169–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3923-3_10.

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Roberts, Erin L., and John J. Carroll. "Enthalpies of Carbon Dioxide-Methane and Carbon Dioxide-Nitrogen Mixtures: Comparison with Thermodynamic Models." In Carbon Dioxide Capture and Acid Gas Injection, 1–37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118938706.ch1.

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Roberts, Erin L., and John J. Carroll. "Enthalpies of Hydrogen Sulfide-Methane Mixture: Comparison with Thermodynamic Models." In Carbon Dioxide Capture and Acid Gas Injection, 39–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118938706.ch2.

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Husain, Mushahid, and Ayub Khan. "Nanotechnology and Mathematics “Study of Non-linear Dynamic Vibration in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs)”." In Mathematical Models, Methods and Applications, 137–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-973-8_9.

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Tomosada, Mitsuhiro, Koji Kanefuji, Yukio Matsumoto, Hiroe Tsubaki, and Tatsuya Yokota. "Estimation of the Error in Carbon Dioxide Column Abundances Retrieved from GOSAT Data." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 259–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03735-1_13.

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Bianchi, Stefano, Wolfango Plastino, Alcide Giorgio di Sarra, Salvatore Piacentino, and Damiano Sferlazzo. "Carbon Dioxide Time Series Analysis: A New Methodological Approach for Event Screening Categorisation." In Mathematical Approach to Climate Change and its Impacts, 201–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38669-6_7.

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Hömberg, Dietmar. "Mathematical models for the phase transitions in carbon steel." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 94, 358–69. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82967-2_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

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LIAO, CHUANHUA, YONG-JUN ZHOU, YUE-ZAO ZHU, and ZHEN-REN HUANG. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AEROGEL DRYING WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE." In The Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771957_0184.

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Yan, Lincan, Dave S. Yantek, Cory R. DeGennaro, and Rohan D. Fernando. "Mathematical Modeling for Carbon Dioxide Level Within Confined Spaces." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68452.

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Abstract Federal regulations require refuge alternatives (RAs) in underground coal mines to provide a life-sustaining environment for miners trapped underground when escape is impossible. A breathable air supply is among those requirements. For built-in-place (BIP) RAs, a borehole air supply (BAS) is commonly used to supply fresh air from the surface. It is assumed that the fresh air has an oxygen concentration of 20.9%. Federal regulations require that such a BAS must supply fresh air at 12.5 cfm or more per person to maintain the oxygen concentration between 18.5% to 23% and carbon dioxide level below the 1% limit specified. However, it is unclear whether 12.5 cfm is indeed needed to maintain this carbon dioxide level. The minimal fresh air flow (FAF) rate needed to maintain the 1% CO2 level will depend on multiple factors, including the number of people and the volume of the BIP RA. In the past, to predict the interior CO2 concentration in an occupied RA, 96-hour tests were performed using a physical human breathing simulator. However, given the infinite possibility of the combinations (number of people, size of the BIP RA), it would be impractical to fully investigate the range of parameters that can affect the CO2 concentration using physical tests. In this paper, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a model that can predict how the %CO2 in an occupied confined space changes with time given the number of occupants and the fresh air flow (FAF) rate. The model was then compared to and validated with test data. The benchmarked model can be used to predict the %CO2 for any number of people and FAF rate without conducting a 96-hour test. The methodology used in this model can also be used to estimate other gas levels within a confined space.
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Kamaletdinova, Guzel R., Sergey A. Skvortsov, Maxim P. Onevsky, Alexander A. Tret'yakov, and Alexander N. Pchelintsev. "Mathematical Model for Calculation of Process of Chemisorption Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide." In International Conference "Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering" 2017 (AIME 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aime-17.2017.97.

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McKellar, Michael G., Rick A. Wood, Carl M. Stoots, Lila Mulloth, and Bernadette Luna. "The Mathematical Analysis of a Novel Approach to Maximize Waste Recovery in a Life Support System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64199.

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NASA has been evaluating closed-loop atmosphere revitalization architectures that include carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction technologies. The CO2 and steam (H2O) co-electrolysis process is one of the reduction options that NASA has investigated. Utilizing recent advances in the fuel cell technology sector, the Idaho National Laboratory, INL, has developed a CO2 and H2O co-electrolysis process to produce oxygen and syngas (carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) mixture) for terrestrial (energy production) application. The technology is a combined process that involves steam electrolysis, CO2 electrolysis, and the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Two process models were developed to evaluate novel approaches for energy storage and resource recovery in a life support system. In the first model, products from the INL co-electrolysis process are combined to produce methanol fuel. In the second co-electrolysis, products are separated with a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. In both models the fuels are burned with added oxygen to produce H2O and CO2, the original reactants. For both processes, the overall power increases as the syngas ratio, H2/CO, increases because more water is needed to produce more hydrogen at a set CO2 incoming flow rate. The power for the methanol cases is less than pressure swing adsorption, PSA, because heat is available from the methanol reactor to preheat the water and carbon dioxide entering the co-electrolysis process.
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Haseli, Y., J. A. van Oijen, and L. P. H. de Goey. "Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes During Pyrolysis and Combustion of a Single Biomass Particle." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58096.

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A detailed mathematical model is developed for simulation of heat and mass transfer processes during the pyrolysis and combustion of a single biomass particle. The kinetic scheme of Shafizadeh and Chin is employed to describe the pyrolysis process. The light gases formed during the biomass pyrolysis is assumed to consist of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water vapor with given mass fractions relevant to those found in the experiments of high heating conditions. The combustion model takes into account the reactions of oxygen with methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, tar and char as well as gasification of char with water vapor and carbon dioxide. Appropriate correlations taken from past studies are used for computation of the rate of these reactions. The model allows calculation of time and space evolution of various parameters including biomass and char densities, gaseous species and temperature. Different experimental data reported in the literature are employed to validate the pyrolysis and combustion models. The reasonable agreement obtained between the predictions and measured data reveals that the presented model is capable of successfully capturing various experiments of wood particle undergoing a pyrolysis or combustion process. In particular, the role of gas phase reactions within and adjacent to particle on the combustion process is examined. The results indicate that for the case of small particles in the order of millimeter size and less, one may neglect any effects of gas phase reactions. However, for larger particles, a combustion model may need to include hydrogen oxidation and even carbon monoxide combustion reactions.
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Song, Ping, Zhenxing Zhao, Chunhui Dai, Lie Chen, Xiaohu Yang, Wei Wang, Shaodan Li, Can Ma, and Xingsheng Lao. "Dynamic Modeling of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Simple Recuperated Brayton Cycle." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-88887.

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Abstract With the development of the GEN-IV nuclear reactors in the 21st Century, as a substitute for the steam cycle, the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle has been widely used in a variety of power generation scenarios and has attracted widely attention from the scholars. However, the previous research mainly focused on the basic thermodynamics research, parameter optimizations and system design. Considering the load variability and control flexibility of the power generation system, the dynamic performance research of the SCO2 cycle is necessary. In the numerous layouts of SCO2 Brayton cycle, the SCO2 simple recuperated cycle stands out for its simple structure and high efficiency, which is also the main focus in this paper. In this paper, a dynamic model of SCO2 simple recuperated brayton cycle is developed with the Simulink software. The overall system includes a turbine (T), compressor (CM), regenerator (Re), intermediate heat exchanger (IHE), pre-cooler (PC), surge tank (ST), and heater. The models could be able to realize independent physical functions and be mathematically independent. The SCO2 recuperated cycle is then built with the developed models. Based on the simple recuperated system, the comparative calculation with the design value is carried out to verify the models and the results are very positive. Since the components are tightly coupled in the closed-loop cycle, the error of the main parameters for each component is relatively large. In the steady calculation, the maximum error of the component parameter is 7.72%, and the error of the cycle efficiency is about 1.45%. The results are very promising that the developed model has the ability to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the SCO2 Brayton circulation system.
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Albuquerque-Neto, Cyro, and Jurandir Itizo Yanagihara. "A Passive Model of the Heat, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Human Body." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11104.

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The aim of this work is the development of a mathematical model which integrates a model of the human respiratory system and a model of the human thermal system. Both models were previously developed at the same laboratory, based on classical works. The human body was divided in 15 segments: head, neck, trunk, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs and feet. Those segments have the form of a cylinder (circular cross-section) or a parallelogram (hands and feet) with the following tissue layers: muscle, fat, skin, bone, brain, lung, heart and viscera. Two different geometries are used to model the transport of mass and heat in the tissues. For the mass transfer, those layers are considered as tissue compartments. For the heat transfer, the body geometry is taken into account. Each segment contains an arterial and a venous compartment, representing the large vessels. The blood in the small vessels are considered together with the tissues. The gases are transported by the blood dissolved and chemically reacted. Metabolism takes place in the tissues, where oxygen is consumed generating carbon dioxide and heat. In the lungs, mass transfer happens by diffusion between an alveolar compartment and several pulmonary capillaries compartments. The skin exchanges heat with the environment by convection, radiation and evaporation. The differential transport equations were obtained by heat and mass balances. The discretization heat equations were obtained applying the finite volume method. The regulation mechanisms were considered as model inputs. The results show three different environment situations. It was concluded that the gas transport is most influenced by the temperature effects on the blood dissociation curves and the metabolism rise in a cold environment by shivering.
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Gabrielli, Paolo, Siddhant Singh, Giovanni Sansavini, Luis Sanz Garcia, Emmanuel Jacquemoud, and Philipp Jenny. "Off-Design Modelling and Operational Optimization of Trans-Critical Carbon Dioxide Heat Pumps." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83205.

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Abstract Industrial heat pumps, and specifically those using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a refrigerant, can play a key role in the de-carbonization of the heating and cooling sector, due to their low global warming potential, toxicity and flammability. However, challenges arise when dealing with the modeling and optimization of CO2 heat pumps under different operating conditions. We address this challenge by presenting a modeling and optimization tool to predict and optimize the operation of heat pumps in off-design conditions. The tool improves on the current state-of-the-art in several ways. First, it describes a novel thermodynamic cycle, which features higher performance than conventional heat pumps. Also, it is based on a mathematical model that describes accurately the behavior of CO2 across a wide range of thermodynamic conditions, especially near its critical region, and takes into account effects of motor-cooling, leakages and performance limits. Furthermore, it maximizes the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump via an accurate and computationally-efficient optimization problem. The capabilities of the model are illustrated by looking at different typical heat pump applications based on real-world projects within the heating and cooling sector. Different case studies are considered, showing how the heat pump is optimally operated during the year to maximize its COP while meeting the varying boundary conditions.
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Musakaev, N. G., M. K. Khasanov, and G. R. Rafikova. "Mathematical model of the methane replacement by carbon dioxide in the gas hydrate reservoir taking into account the diffusion kinetics." In XV ALL-RUSSIAN SEMINAR “DYNAMICS OF MULTIPHASE MEDIA” (DMM2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027346.

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Li, Zhihui, Chunyuan Liu, Mian Xing, Gang Zheng, and Yu Wang. "Research of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Thermal Power System Based on Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90432.

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Abstract The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle with re-compression has the advantages of compact layout, simple structure, thermal high efficiency, clean working quality, its application in lead-cooled fast reactor power conversion system helps the miniaturization and modularization of the whole system. In addition, it is considered to be an effective solution to the problem of the recuperator point for the lead-cooled fast reactor power system. The Aspen plus software was applied in this paper to establish the mathematical model for supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle with re-compression and the 1MWe lead-cooled fast reactor power system was calculated. The effects of several key factors such as the turbine inlet temperature, the turbine inlet pressure, the efficiency of the turbine, compressor and recuperator were analyzed. The results show that the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine inlet temperature and the turbine efficiency have remarkable effects on thermal efficiency of the system. Thermal efficiency of the system increases with the inlet pressure, inlet temperature and efficiency of the turbine increasing. The research results of this paper could provide important theoretical reference both for thermal cycle parameters for 1MWe lead-cooled fast reactor and system design of power cycle based on the lead-cooled fast reactor.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon dioxide – Mathematical models"

1

Hull, Laurence Charles, and Frederick August Hohorst. Transport Models for Radioactive Carbon Dioxide at RWMC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910680.

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Myshakin, Evgeniy, Wissam Saidi, Vyacheslav Romanov, Randall Cygan, Kenneth Jordan, and George Guthrie. Molecular Simulation Models of Carbon Dioxide Intercalation in Hydrated Sodium Montmorillonite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1609149.

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Myshakin, Evgeniy, Wissam Saidi, Vyacheslav Romanov, Randall Cygan, Kenneth Jordan, Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)], and George Guthrie. Molecular Simulation Models of Carbon Dioxide Intercalation in Hydrated Sodium Montmorillonite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340995.

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Yang, Jenny. Design of Efficient Molecular Electrocatalysts for Water and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Predictive Models of Thermodynamic Properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1783732.

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Taucher, Jan, and Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.

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We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.
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