Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon dioxide enrichment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon dioxide enrichment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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Tremblay, Nicolas, and André Gosselin. "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment and Light." HortTechnology 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.4.524.

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Since they grow nearly exponentially, plants in their juvenile phase can benefit more than mature ones of optimal growing conditions. Transplant production in greenhouses offers the opportunity to optimize growing factors in order to reduce production time and improve transplant quality. Carbon dioxide and light are the two driving forces of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide concentration can be enriched in the greenhouse atmosphere, leading to heavier transplants with thicker leaves and reduced transpiration rates. Supplementary lighting is often considered as more effective than CO2 enrichment for transplant production. It can be used not only to speed up growth and produce higher quality plants, but also to help in production planning. However, residual effects on transplant field yield of CO2 enrichment or supplementary lighting are absent or, at the best, inconsistent.
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Roy, Yves, Mark Lefsrud, Valerie Orsat, Francis Filion, Julien Bouchard, Quoc Nguyen, Louis-Martin Dion, Antony Glover, Edris Madadian, and Camilo Perez Lee. "Biomass combustion for greenhouse carbon dioxide enrichment." Biomass and Bioenergy 66 (July 2014): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.001.

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Prior, S. A., H. A. Torbert, G. B. Runion, H. H. Rogers, D. R. Ort, and R. L. Nelson. "Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment of Soybean." Journal of Environmental Quality 35, no. 4 (July 2006): 1470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0163.

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Hungate, Bruce A., Elisabeth A. Holland, Robert B. Jackson, F. Stuart Chapin, Harold A. Mooney, and Christopher B. Field. "The fate of carbon in grasslands under carbon dioxide enrichment." Nature 388, no. 6642 (August 1997): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/41550.

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Downton, WJS, WJR Grant, and BR Loveys. "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Increases Yield of Valencia Orange." Functional Plant Biology 14, no. 5 (1987): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9870493.

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The response to elevated CO2 of 3-year-old fruiting Valencia orange scions (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on citrange rootstock (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) was studied over a 12-month period under controlled environmental conditions. CO2 enrichment to approx. 800 �bar CO2 which com- menced just prior to anthesis shortened the period of fruitlet abscission. Trees enriched to 800 �bar CO2 retained 70% more fruit, which at harvest were not significantly smaller in diameter or lower in fresh weight than fruit from control trees grown at approx. 400 �bar CO2. Fruit from the CO2 enriched trees also did not differ from the controls in soluble solids content, dry weight, seed number or rind thickness. The progression of fruit coloration was more rapid for the CO2 enriched trees. Dry weight of leaves and branches from the scion portion of the trees and the roots and stem of the rootstock portion did not differ between treatments at time of harvest. Leaf areas were also similar. However, specific leaf dry weight was 25% greater for the CO2 enriched treatment. Changes in dry matter partitioning resulted from the greater fruit yield (58% increase in dry weight) with CO2 enrichment. Photosynthetic rates observed at intervals over the experimental period were always lower in the CO2 enriched treatment compared to controls when measured at the same partial pressure of CO2. However photosynthetic rates in the CO2 enriched cabinet were always higher because of the increased level of CO2. The extent of this difference between the treatments varied with fruit development and increased from 23% higher photosynthetic rates in the CO2 enriched chamber at the end of flowering to 77% higher rates when fruits were 5 cm in diameter and decreased to 18% higher rates when fruit coloration was well advanced. Flushes of leaves that developed during the experiment also showed similar photo- synthetic responses to CO2 enrichment and their photosynthetic rates declined as fruit matured. These results indicate that crop yield by fruit trees will increase as global levels of CO2 continue to rise, at least in those species that experience source limitation during fruit development.
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Hendrey, G. R., K. F. Lewin, and J. Nagy. "Free air carbon dioxide enrichment: development, progress, results." Vegetatio 104-105, no. 1 (January 1993): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00048142.

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Molitor, H. D., and W. U. von Hentig. "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment During Stock Plant Cultivation." HortScience 22, no. 5 (October 1987): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.741.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide enrichment has become an important factor in ornamental plant production during the past few years. Nurseries, especially those producing cuttings or young plants, increasingly use CO2 enrichment during stock plant cultivation and propagation. This development was brought about by new and inexpensive equipment for measuring and regulating greenhouse CO2 concentrations. Although the positive effect of CO2 enrichment on plant growth has been well established by previous investigations (3, 4, 6, 8, 9), optimum CO2 concentrations have not been clearly defined. Only a few previous investigations have dealt with the influence of CO2 enrichment on the growth and yield of stock plants and on successful propagation (1, 2, 5, 7, 10). Therefore, the aim of this study was to find optimum CO2 concentrations for stock plant cultivation and for the propagation of different plant species. Results with only five cultivars and species are presented, although 15 different species were tested.
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Ehret, David L., and Peter A. Jolliffe. "Photosynthetic carbon dioxide exchange of bean plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 2026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-283.

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Leaves of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pure Gold Wax) grown in atmospheres enriched in CO2 (1400 μL L−1) showed a decrease in CO2 exchange capacity when compared with unenriched plants (340 μL L−1) measured at the same CO2 concentration. The decrease was not associated with changes in chlorophyll concentration or photorespiratory activity. The decrease was less evident in older leaves, in leaves maintained at low light intensity, and in those with reduced chlorophyll contents. Respiration rates in leaves of CO2-enriched plants increased only under conditions that caused a concurrent decrease in photosynthetic capacity. Enriched leaves had higher starch contents than unenriched leaves. The results were consistent with the idea that CO2 enrichment decreases photosynthetic capacity when photoassimilate supply exceeds sink demand.
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Hesse, Brian J., and M. E. McKay. "ENERGY EFFICIENT SUB-TROPICAL GREENHOUSES WITH CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 257 (December 1989): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.257.16.

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Zieslin, N., L. M. Mortensen, and R. Moe. "CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT AND FLOWER FORMATION IN ROSE PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 189 (July 1986): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.189.20.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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Dion, Louis-Martin. "Biomass gasification for carbon dioxide enrichment in greenhouses." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103689.

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Biomass heating is used more and more by the greenhouse industry to reduce costs and the environmental footprint of production. The objective of this research project was to investigate the possibility of using the carbon dioxide (CO2) from the exhaust gas of a biomass heating system to enrich greenhouses with CO2 and improve crop yield. When compared to direct combustion, biomass gasification technology offers better control, which helps in reducing atmospheric emissions. Gasification is a thermo-chemical reaction, which converts solid biomass into a gaseous fuel, known as syngas. Experiments were performed at McGill University (Montreal, QC, Canada) using a downdraft gasifier to monitor its performance, with sawdust wood pellets as feedstock. Temperature and pressure monitoring provided valuable insights on optimal gasification temperatures, biomass fuel depletion in the reactor, ash grate shaking requirements, micro-explosions detection, char bed packing and pressure drop across the packed bed filter. The gasifier operated with an average equivalence ratio (the actual air to fuel ratio relative to the stoichiometric air to fuel requirement) of 0.17, below the optimal value of 0.25, and achieved a cold gas efficiency of 59%. Syngas combustion emissions produced an average of 8.8 ppm of carbon monoxide (CO), with 60% of the trials below the ASHRAE standards for indoor air quality and 90% below 20 ppm. The sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions were below ppm levels, while ethylene (C2H4) emissions were below the critical concentration of 50 ppb for CO2 enrichment. The average nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were 23.6 ppm and would need to be reduced to allow commercial operations. From the empirical data, the gasifier operating with sawdust wood pellets, with a consumption of 7.7 kg/hr, could provide a maximum of 22.9 kW of thermal energy and could enrich a maximum of 1540 m2 of greenhouse surface area. Results indicated that biomass, following combustion or gasification, could provide more CO2 for greenhouse enrichment than propane or natural gas per unit of energy. Biomass gasification coupled with syngas combustion could be a promising renewable alternative to propane and natural gas for CO2 enrichment in greenhouses.
Le chauffage à la biomasse résiduelle est utilisé de plus en plus par l'industrie serricole afin de réduire les coûts d'opérations et les impacts environnementaux. L'objectif de cette recherche était d'examiner la possibilité d'utiliser le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) des gaz d'échappement d'un système de chauffage à la biomasse afin d'enrichir les serres en CO2 et favoriser le rendement des cultures. Par rapport à la combustion directe, la gazéification de la biomasse offrent un meilleur contrôle qui permet de réduire les émissions atmosphériques. La gazéification est une réaction thermochimique qui convertit la biomasse solide en un combustible gazeux, le syngas. Des expériences ont été réalisées à l'Université McGill (Montréal, QC, Canada) pour étudier les performances d'un gazogène à courant descendant, alimenté avec des granules de sciure de bois. Les données de température et de pression ont fourni des informations sur les températures de gazéification optimale, le niveau de combustible dans le réacteur, les besoins d'agitation de la grille de cendre, la détection de micro-explosions et les chutes de pression au travers du lit de charbon du réacteur et du filtre au charbon. Le gazogène a fonctionné avec un ratio d'équivalence (i.e. le ratio réel par rapport au ratio stoichiométrique d'air et de combustible) moyen de 0.17, inférieur à la valeur optimale de 0.25, et une efficacité de 59%. La combustion du syngas a produit une moyenne de 8.8 ppm de monoxyde de carbone (CO), où 60% des essais ont respecté les normes de qualité de l'air, et 90% ont été en dessous de 20 ppm. Le dioxyde de soufre (SO2) a été indétectable à une résolution en ppm, et les émissions d'éthylène (C2H4) ont été inférieures à la concentration critique de 50 ppb pour l'enrichissement au CO2. La moyenne d'oxydes d'azote (NOx) a été de 23.6 ppm et devrait être réduite pour des opérations commerciales. Le gazogène alimenté aux granules de bois, avec une consommation de 7.7 kg/hr, pourrait fournir 22.9 kW d'énergie thermique et enrichir une serre d'une surface de 1540 m2. Les résultats indiquent que la gazéification de biomasse, couplée à la combustion de syngas, est une alternative prometteuse au propane et au gaz naturel pour l'enrichissement des serres au CO2, puisque davantage de CO2 par unité d'énergie est fournie et ce, à partir d'un combustible renouvelable.
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Ghannoum, Oula, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Horticulture. "Responses of C3 and C4 Panicum grasses to CO2 enrichment." THESIS_FAH_HOR_Ghannoum_O.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/139.

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This project aims at investigating the effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth and gas exchange of C3, C3-C4 and C4 Panicum grasses. Potted plants were grown in soil under well watered conditions, in artificially lit environmentally controlled cabinets or naturally lit greenhouses at varying levels of CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment enhanced the dry weight of C3 and C4 Panicum species under optimal light and N supplies, but had no effect on the total leaf N or TNC concentrations. The high-CO2 induced photosynthetic reaction in the C3 species was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco concentration and was related to the conservation of the relative growth rate of the plant. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the photosynthetic capacity of the C4 species, but enhanced its CO2 assimilation rates under high light and N supplies. The effect of elevated CO2 on the leaf and stem anatomy reflected increased carbon supply at high CO2 in the C3 grass, and reduced transpiratory demand at high CO2 in C4 grasses. Consequently, it is clear that both C3 and C4 grasses are likely to be more productive under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Dezi, Silvia <1974&gt. "Modelling the effects of nitrogen deposition and carbon dioxide enrichment on forest carbon balance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3362/1/dezi_silvia_tesi.pdf.

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Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has increased over the last 250 years, mainly due to human activities. Of total anthropogenic emissions, almost 31% has been sequestered by the terrestrial biosphere. A considerable contribution to this sink comes from temperate and boreal forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere, which contain a large amount of carbon (C) stored as biomass and soil organic matter. Several potential drivers for this forest C sequestration have been proposed, including increasing atmospheric [CO2], temperature, nitrogen (N) deposition and changes in management practices. However, it is not known which of these drivers are most important. The overall aim of this thesis project was to develop a simple ecosystem model which explicitly incorporates our best understanding of the mechanisms by which these drivers affect forest C storage, and to use this model to investigate the sensitivity of the forest ecosystem to these drivers. I firstly developed a version of the Generic Decomposition and Yield (G’DAY) model to explicitly investigate the mechanisms leading to forest C sequestration following N deposition. Specifically, I modified the G’DAY model to include advances in understanding of C allocation, canopy N uptake, and leaf trait relationships. I also incorporated a simple forest management practice subroutine. Secondly, I investigated the effect of CO2 fertilization on forest productivity with relation to the soil N availability feedback. I modified the model to allow it to simulate short-term responses of deciduous forests to environmental drivers, and applied it to data from a large-scale forest Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Finally, I used the model to investigate the combined effects of recent observed changes in atmospheric [CO2], N deposition, and climate on a European forest stand. The model developed in my thesis project was an effective tool for analysis of effects of environmental drivers on forest ecosystem C storage. Key results from model simulations include: (i) N availability has a major role in forest ecosystem C sequestration; (ii) atmospheric N deposition is an important driver of N availability on short and long time-scales; (iii) rising temperature increases C storage by enhancing soil N availability and (iv) increasing [CO2] significantly affects forest growth and C storage only when N availability is not limiting.
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Dezi, Silvia <1974&gt. "Modelling the effects of nitrogen deposition and carbon dioxide enrichment on forest carbon balance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3362/.

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Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has increased over the last 250 years, mainly due to human activities. Of total anthropogenic emissions, almost 31% has been sequestered by the terrestrial biosphere. A considerable contribution to this sink comes from temperate and boreal forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere, which contain a large amount of carbon (C) stored as biomass and soil organic matter. Several potential drivers for this forest C sequestration have been proposed, including increasing atmospheric [CO2], temperature, nitrogen (N) deposition and changes in management practices. However, it is not known which of these drivers are most important. The overall aim of this thesis project was to develop a simple ecosystem model which explicitly incorporates our best understanding of the mechanisms by which these drivers affect forest C storage, and to use this model to investigate the sensitivity of the forest ecosystem to these drivers. I firstly developed a version of the Generic Decomposition and Yield (G’DAY) model to explicitly investigate the mechanisms leading to forest C sequestration following N deposition. Specifically, I modified the G’DAY model to include advances in understanding of C allocation, canopy N uptake, and leaf trait relationships. I also incorporated a simple forest management practice subroutine. Secondly, I investigated the effect of CO2 fertilization on forest productivity with relation to the soil N availability feedback. I modified the model to allow it to simulate short-term responses of deciduous forests to environmental drivers, and applied it to data from a large-scale forest Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Finally, I used the model to investigate the combined effects of recent observed changes in atmospheric [CO2], N deposition, and climate on a European forest stand. The model developed in my thesis project was an effective tool for analysis of effects of environmental drivers on forest ecosystem C storage. Key results from model simulations include: (i) N availability has a major role in forest ecosystem C sequestration; (ii) atmospheric N deposition is an important driver of N availability on short and long time-scales; (iii) rising temperature increases C storage by enhancing soil N availability and (iv) increasing [CO2] significantly affects forest growth and C storage only when N availability is not limiting.
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Liu, Hung-Tsu (Paul). "Physiological limitations to the growth response of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to carbon dioxide enrichment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30915.

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Previous studies on dwarf bean plants have found a very limited growth response to CO₂ enrichment (Jolliffe and Ehret, 1985; Ehret and Jolliffe, 1985b). There was no increase in leaf area, and leaf injury was observed after about three weeks of CO₂ enrichment (Ehret and Jolliffe, 1985a). Although dry weight was increased, the increase may be limited due to restricted carbon utilization (e.g. no increases in leaf area). In this study, non-photosynthetic limitations, such as the partitioning of dry matter among plant parts, the partitioning of carbon among photosynthetic end products, and the interactive effects of nutrient and carbon supply on growth, that may contribute to the observed growth responses were investigated. Bean plants responded to CO₂ enrichment by increasing their total dry weights. This weight increase was caused by higher growth rate, at least at early growth stages, and higher unit leaf rate. The dry weight increase was mainly in the leaves, and was not evenly distributed among all plant parts. Leaf expansion and branching were not enhanced by CO₂ enrichment. The differential effects of CO₂ enrichment on growth of different parts caused significant increases in specific leaf weight and shoot root ratio, and a decrease in leaf area ratio. These results indicated that the bean plants used in this study have a limited ability to utilize the extra carbon that was fixed under CO₂ enrichment. There were small increases in glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations early in the CO₂ treatments. These increases became much larger after three weeks of CO₂ enrichment. The timing of the higher increases in leaf soluble sugars coincided with the timing of increases in stem and roots dry weight. There was also a large increase in starch concentration shortly after plants were transfered to CO₂ enriched condition. The higher starch concentration accounted for the majority of the weight increase in CO₂ enriched leaves, and this starch level was maintained for several days after plants were switched back to ambient CO₂ levels. A ¹⁴C study on the partitioning of carbon between leaf pools showed that carbon transfer out of the storage pool under CO₂ enrichment was limited. CO₂ enrichment had no effects on leaf protein and amino acid concentrations. No difference, or slight increases, were found in inorganic nutrient concentrations per unit leaf area. Plants grown under CO₂ enrichment, however, show a higher loss of nutrients (especially N and K) from older shoot parts (primary leaves and older trifoliates) to younger parts. High NO₃ ̄ supply increased plant dry weight and leaf area under both CO₂ enriched and ambient conditions. The dry weight increases of the stem and roots caused by CO₂ enrichment, however, were much higher and earlier for high NO₃ ̄treated plants. Furthermore, lower leaf starch concentration was also observed for those CO₂ enriched high NO₃ ̄ treated plants. High NO₃ ̄ supply also increased the leaf nutrient concentrations (N, K, Mg, Ca). Increased uptake of nutrients for high NO₃ ̄ treated plants may be partly contributed by the enhanced root growth. In addition to the growth responses, foliar abnormalities developed gradually in beans under CO₂ enrichment. Chlorosis, assessed by a loss in total chlorophyll concentration, was observed in the primary leaves after about three weeks of CO₂ enrichment. The disorder eventually appeared in the oldest trifoliate leaves after more prolonged CO₂ enrichment. The onset of leaf injury was correlated with the timing of the increases in leaf soluble sugars and the redistribution of nutrient elements from the older shoot parts to the younger parts. High NO₃ ̄ supply delayed the development of leaf injury induced by high CO₂. Results in the present studies indicate that growth responses of dwarf bean plants to CO₂ enrichment were affected by the limited carbon partitioning, and the restriction of starch degradation was indicated to be the probable cause. A higher carbon input under CO₂ enrichment may create a higher demand for inorganic elements. Effects of nutrient supply (NO₃ ̄) on growth responses and leaf injury of CO₂ enriched plants suggested that an imbalance between carbon and nutrient input could be partly related to the limited growth responses of dwarf bean plants to CO₂ enrichment.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Ghannoum, Oula. "Responses of C3 and C4 Panicum grasses to CO2 enrichment." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/139.

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This project aims at investigating the effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth and gas exchange of C3, C3-C4 and C4 Panicum grasses. Potted plants were grown in soil under well watered conditions, in artificially lit environmentally controlled cabinets or naturally lit greenhouses at varying levels of CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment enhanced the dry weight of C3 and C4 Panicum species under optimal light and N supplies, but had no effect on the total leaf N or TNC concentrations. The high-CO2 induced photosynthetic reaction in the C3 species was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco concentration and was related to the conservation of the relative growth rate of the plant. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the photosynthetic capacity of the C4 species, but enhanced its CO2 assimilation rates under high light and N supplies. The effect of elevated CO2 on the leaf and stem anatomy reflected increased carbon supply at high CO2 in the C3 grass, and reduced transpiratory demand at high CO2 in C4 grasses. Consequently, it is clear that both C3 and C4 grasses are likely to be more productive under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
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Lukac, Martin. "Effects of atmospheric CO←2 enrichment on root processes and mycorrhizal functioning in short rotation intensive poplar plantation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391756.

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Bray, Shirley M. "The interaction between carbon dioxide enrichment and salinity on growth and carbon partitioning in Phaseolus vulgaris L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/NQ54822.pdf.

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Edwards, Diane Roselyn. "Towards a plant-based method of guiding CO₂ enrichment in greenhouse tomato." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3328.

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Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is employed by greenhouse tomato growers to increase fruit yields, and CO₂ applications are managed according to atmospheric set points or CO₂ injection rates. These methods do not immediately focus on the targets of CO₂ applications: plant performance and the regulation of plant carbon status. This thesis explores several plant-based approaches that may have potential for use in the management of CO₂ in greenhouse tomato production. Three plant-based approaches to CO₂ management were explored in commercial and experimental tomato greenhouses. These were: (1) simulation modeling, (2) non-destructive analysis of growth and (3) the status of plant carbon reserves. A cost and benefit analysis (c/b) using simulation modeling was carried out using grower-collected greenhouse environment and yield data. Simulation modeling was useful for retrospectively determining c/b of several CO₂ scenarios. The model was effective in predicting long term yields, but not short term yield variations, which limits its application for CO₂ management. Non-destructive measures of growth: stem length and diameter, leaf area and fruit load were found to be too sluggish for daily CO₂ dosing decision-making. Finally, plants growing under CO₂ enrichment can deposit substantial carbon as starch in their leaves. Plant carbon status was evaluated by determining the spatial distribution of leaf starch in the shoot and by following its variation diurnally and after the onset of CO₂ enrichment. As starch is difficult to measure by a grower, leaf mass per unit area (LMA) was also monitored for assessment as a surrogate measure for starch. Leaves in positions 7 to 9 were identified as the most meaningful in the shoot to sample. Diurnal profiles indicated these leaves carryover substantial starch from one day to the next. Monitoring starch at its peak time of accumulation (14 h to 16 h), at sunset and sunrise will indicate how much the peak starch reserves are used overnight. If starch remains high between peak and sunrise the following day, then the plants are in a carbon-surplus state and CO₂ enrichment could be postponed. For upper canopy leaves LMA is substantially influenced by starch and thus is a promising surrogate.
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Newbery, R. M. "Influence of CO₂ enrichment on the growth and nutritional status of Agrostis capillaris and Calluna." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240455.

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Books on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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Z, Enoch Herbert, and Kimball Bruce A, eds. Carbon dioxide enrichment of greenhouse crops. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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CO2 enrichment in the greenhouse: Principles and practice. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 1988.

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R, Hendrey George, ed. FACE, free-air CO₂ enrichment for plant research in the field. [S.l.]: C.K. Smoley, 1993.

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Whitmore, Susan. Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on plant growth: January 1980 - December 1990. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1991.

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Singer, Carol A. Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on plant growth: January 1989 - August 1992. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1992.

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Singer, Carol A. Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on plant growth: January 1989 - August 1992. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1992.

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International Symposium on CO2 in Protected Cultivation (4th 1989 Wageningen, Netherlands). Fourth International Symposium on CO2 in Protected Cultivation, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 19-23 June 1989. Edited by Challa H, Winden, C. M. M. van., Nederhoff E. M, International Society for Horticultural Science. Commission Protected Cultivation., and International Society for Horticultural Science. Working Group of CO₂ Nutrition. Wageningen, Netherlands: International Society for Horticultural Science, 1990.

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L, Mackowiak C., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on radish production using Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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E, Dickson R., and United States. Forest Service. North Central Research Station., eds. Forest atmosphere carbon transfer and storage (FACTS-II) the Aspen free-air CO₂ and O₃ enrichment (FACE) project: An overview. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2000.

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E, Dickson R., and United States. Forest Service. North Central Research Station, eds. Forest Atmosphere Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-II) the Aspen Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) project: An overview. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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Ahmed, Mukhtar, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment and Crop Productivity." In Agronomic Crops, 31–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8_3.

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Hendrey, G. R., K. F. Lewin, and J. Nagy. "Free air carbon dioxide enrichment: development, progress, results." In CO2 and biosphere, 17–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1797-5_2.

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Miglietta, Franco. "Nontraumatic Responses of Natural Vegetation to Long-Term Carbon Dioxide Enrichment." In Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research, 101–12. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub61.c4.

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Rogers, Hugo H., G. Brett Runion, Sagar V. Krupa, and Stephen A. Prior. "Plant Responses to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: Implications in Root-Soil-Microbe Interactions." In Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research, 1–34. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub61.c1.

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Wullschleger, Stan D., Richard J. Norby, and Carla A. Gunderson. "Forest Trees and Their Response to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: A Compilation of Results." In Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research, 79–100. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub61.c3.

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Sengupta, U. K., and Aruna Sharma. "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Effects on Photosynthesis and Plant Growth." In Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Plant Productivity, 479–508. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2708-0_20.

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Morgan, Lynette. "The greenhouse environment and energy use." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 30–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0003.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the greenhouse environment and its energy use. Its heating, cooling, shading, ventilation and air movement, humidity, carbon dioxide enrichment, automation, energy use and conservation in protected cropping, renewable energy sources for protected cropping such as geothermal energy, solar energy, passive solar energy, wind-generated energy, biomass and biofuels are also discussed.
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Morgan, Lynette. "The greenhouse environment and energy use." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 30–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0030.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the greenhouse environment and its energy use. Its heating, cooling, shading, ventilation and air movement, humidity, carbon dioxide enrichment, automation, energy use and conservation in protected cropping, renewable energy sources for protected cropping such as geothermal energy, solar energy, passive solar energy, wind-generated energy, biomass and biofuels are also discussed.
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Rozema, J., G. M. Lenssen, R. A. Broekman, and W. P. Arp. "Effects of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Salt-Marsh Plants." In Expected Effects of Climatic Change on Marine Coastal Ecosystems, 49–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2003-3_7.

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Saugier, Bernard, and Marianne Mousseau. "The Direct Effect of CO2 Enrichment on the Growth of Trees and Forests." In Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry, 323–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03608-2_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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T. Wheeler, Andrew, Murray Ellen, and Graham Hill. "Design and Construction of Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Experiment Infrastructure." In 10th Pacific Structural Steel Conference (PSSC 2013). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7137-9_241.

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Zhao, Xingyu, Minyun Liu, Rongyi Cui, Shanfang Huang, Kan Wang, and Chuan Lu. "Optimized Moderator Design and Analysis of a Pin-Type Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Reactor Based on RMC." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92054.

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Abstract This study analyzed an yttrium hydride (YH2) moderated supercritical carbon dioxide cooled reactor loaded with pin-type, beryllium oxide diluted oxide fuel elements to reduce the critical enrichment. The impact of the YH2 on the coolant void reactivity was studied along with a moderator zoning scheme to flatten the radial power distribution. The YH2 was added as hexagonal moderating rods at the center of the fuel assemblies. The core was modeled using the continuous-energy Reactor Monte Carlo code, RMC, with the On-The-Fly cross sections treatment. The results showed that the YH2 moderator increased the thermal fission and reduced the critical enrichment of the core with the same diluent volume fraction by more than 30%. The YH2 moderator significantly softened the neutron energy spectrum and reduced the neutron leakage upon core voiding, resulting in both a weaker positive spectral reactivity feedback and a weaker negative leakage reactivity feedback during core depressurization. For an UO2-loaded core, the YH2 gave a lower negative coolant void reactivity, while for a MOX-loaded core with diluent volume fractions smaller than 35%, the spectral feedback was more important and the YH2 strongly reduced the positive coolant void reactivity to less than $1. Arranging the YH2 in the peripheral assemblies reduced the radial power peaking factor to 1.319. The study shows that the YH2 moderator can reduce the critical enrichment, make the core less sensitive to voiding, and can flatten the radial power distribution of a single-enrichment core through moderator zoning.
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Mollah, Mahabubur, Rob Norton, Debra Partington, and Glenn Fitzgerald. "Spatial Variation of CO2 Inside Australian Grains Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (AGFACE) Rings." In 2009 Second International Conference on Environmental and Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.16.

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Edward Farnham, Craig, Mami Oishi, and Jihui Yuan. "Feasibility study for combined mist evaporation cooling with carbon dioxide enrichment for greenhouse cultivation." In 2021 Building Simulation Conference. KU Leuven, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2021.30933.

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Chudnovsky, B., G. Jinjikhashvily, Y. Schweitzer, A. Talanker, and R. Meir. "Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Coal Power Stations." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50037.

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Coal fired power stations are among factors mostly polluting atmosphere by greenhouse gases, especially by CO2. Strong efforts are done to reduce this pollution, increasing the generation efficiency by gasification of coal, development of super -critical power units and so on. For the existing power station good results may be achieved by simultaneous optimization of the operation condition including proper choice of the fired coal. An analysis of data collected in IEC, where more than 60% of electricity is generated in coal fired units, makes it possible to explore dependence of greenhouse gases emissions (CO2, SO2, NOx,) on the fired coals composition and operation condition. As a tool for the above data analysis computer technique, created in IEC, was used. The technique is based on a modular numerical model including elements corresponding to furnace, boiler, turbine and the whole power unit. It permits to reveal the influence of the coal composition on the boiler and the whole unit performance, as well as on the pollutant emissions. The technique application permitted to separate impact of the two factors: the coal composition and operation conditions on specific emissions of the pollutants. The main result of the study is that the optimization of operation condition while proper choice of the coal provides decrease of pollutants emissions. 2. Bioconversion of CO2 emitted by power stations by intensive photosynthesis is one of the mostly efficient ways for carbon emissions mitigation, especially in countries with high solar activity. Agricultural projects based on CO2 enrichment by flue gases -greenhouses, water ponds for macro and micro algae growing, forests, citrus orchards and other biological systems, if placed in the neighborhood of the coal-fired power stations with high content of CO2 in the flue gases, can be profitable also because of use of cheap low-potential heat and the station infrastructure. Efforts for removal of pollutant components of the flue gases will be compensated by high CO2 content. First steps in this direction have been done by IEC in collaboration with MATI Lev-ha-Galil, Hishtil Nurseries, ARO and IOLR, with support of the R&D Division of the Ministry of the National Infrastructure and showed feasibility of the proposal.
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Cheng, Tongrui, Zhenning Zhao, Yipeng Sun, and Junfu Lv. "Study on Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Capacity of 35MWth Boiler Operated in 02/C02 Atmosphere with Recirculated Flue Gas." In 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetci55101.2022.9832249.

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Xu, Leyi, Weiwei Zhang, Xumin Liu, Hao Liu, Jianfeng Yang, and Yixuan Ma. "Semi-quantitative prediction of hydrocarbon gas saturation in carbon dioxide enrichment areas in the South China Sea deepwater." In International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/image2023-3909748.1.

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Roy, Rishi, Khuong Nguyen, Trevor Stuart, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Performance of Swirl-Stabilized Distributed Combustion With Hydrogen-Enriched Methane: Stability, Blowoff and Emissions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82062.

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Abstract Swirl-assisted distributed combustion was investigated with hydrogen-enriched methane. Distributed reaction zones were fostered from a conventional swirl-flame at a heat release intensity of 5.72 MW/m3-atm by diluting the main airstream with either carbon dioxide or nitrogen. The effect of hydrogen addition to the fuel mixture on the performance of distributed combustion was studied for reaction zone stability, variation of blowoff equivalence ratio, and emissions of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. High-speed imaging of reaction zone chemiluminescence was performed for different cases without any spectral filtering. Gradual increase of %H2 in the fuel mixture increased the chemiluminescence intensity in both the swirl and distributed combustion cases. The standoff distance was gradually reduced with hydrogen enrichment along with the appearance of a narrow flame shape from increased reactivity in the flame brush. Fluctuation of pressure (p′) and heat release (q′) was qualitatively measured from the microphone and photomultiplier (fitted with CH* filter) signals at different %H2 enrichments. The amplitude of fluctuation of p′ and q′ showed the existence of a common peak in swirl combustion indicating the possibility of thermo-acoustic coupling. This peak diminished in distributed combustion for H2 enrichment between 0–20% providing enhanced stability compared to swirl combustion. However, a small peak common to p′ and q′ appeared at 40% H2-enrichment indicating the departure of this reaction zone from its distributed nature. Such fluctuations of reaction zones were further investigated with the proper orthogonal decomposition to verify if the vortex shedding influenced these fluctuations. The appearance of vortex shedding characteristics for the distributed combustion with 40% H2-enrichment was found to be responsible for the fluctuations of reaction zones resulting in a departure from the purely distributed behavior. Measurement of lean blowoff equivalence ratios (ϕLBO) at different combustion conditions showed extension of ϕLBO in distributed combustion indicating wider operational limits in distributed combustion. The performance of distributed reaction zones was analyzed from the exhaust emission characteristics of NO, CO, and CO2. The NO levels (ppm) gradually increased in conventional swirl combustion while it consistently decreased in distributed combustion with the increase of %H2. The increase in NO in normal swirl combustion was attributed to the increase in flame temperature. The overall exhaust CO (ppm) decreased with hydrogen enrichment. The exhaust CO2 gradually decreased with %H2-enrichment for both swirl and distributed reaction zones. The higher CO2 observed with CO2 dilution (compared to N2 dilution) is attributed to the usage of CO2 as the diluent. Emission characteristics were also investigated with preheating of inlet airstream (in the range 373–573 K) to study the performance of distributed combustion relevant to actual gas turbines. The results of reduced pollutant emission with hydrogen enrichment at any preheats temperature were consistent with the non-preheated case. However, some increase in pollutants concentration was observed with gradual preheating that was attributed to higher flame temperature and high-temperature dissociation of CO2. The decreased CO2 emission observed in this research further signifies the favorable potential of distributed combustion with hydrogen-enriched methane to support the decarbonization goal worldwide.
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Guo, Hongsheng, Amin Yousefi, Shouvik Dev, Brian Liko, and Simon Lafrance. "Effect of Hydrogen Enrichment on Combustion and Emissions of a Heavy Duty Natural Gas - Diesel Dual Fuel Engine at Low and Medium Load Conditions." In ASME 2023 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2023-109966.

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Abstract Diesel engines are widely used due to their higher reliability and superior fuel conversion efficiency. However, they generate significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Natural gas is a low carbon and clean fuel that generates less CO2 and PM emissions than diesel during combustion. Replacing diesel by natural gas in internal combustion engines helps reduce both CO2 and PM emissions. A practical and efficient way to replace diesel by natural gas is natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion. One concern for natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion engines is the methane slip which offsets the advantage of low CO2 and PM emissions of natural gas combustion. Hydrogen enrichment enhances the burning rates and extends flammability limits of hydrocarbon fuels, and therefore has potential to help address the issue of methane slip in natural gas-diesel dual fuel engines. This paper investigated the effect of hydrogen enrichment on combustion and emissions of a heavy duty natural gas-diesel dual fuel engine at low and medium load conditions. About 45% volume based hydrogen was blended with natural gas and introduced into the cylinder via engine intake manifold of a single cylinder heavy duty research engine. Overall 75% diesel was displaced by hydrogen enriched natural gas. The results revealed that hydrogen enrichment reduced methane emissions by about 44 to 58% at the investigated conditions. Meanwhile, hydrogen enrichment also improved engine efficiency at most operation conditions, especially when methane slip was significant. As a result, hydrogen enrichment helped reduce CO2 equivalent emissions by about 17 to 38% compared to natural gas only – diesel dual fuel operation, although the overall energy fraction from hydrogen in the fuel input to the cylinder was less than 15%. Hydrogen enrichment also significantly decreased carbon monoxide emissions. A side effect of hydrogen enrichment was the increase in NOx emissions.
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Creffield, G., and M. Cole. "Safe Working Practices with Thermal Spray Gases." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0397.

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Abstract This paper informs about the potential dangers associated with the gases used in thermal spraying. These include fuel gases, oxygen, inert gases, and carbon dioxide. The paper addresses the following: flammability, explosion, oxygen enrichment and tolerance, asphyxiation, and low-temperature technology. It presents regulations and leaflets relating to the safe storage, handling, and use of gases with various supply options. Safe working techniques are recommended along with a brief description of the relevant safety equipment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon dioxide enrichment"

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van Tuyll, Alexander, Luuk Graamans, and Alexander Boedijn. Carbon dioxide enrichment in a decarbonised future. Bleiswijk: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/582215.

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Hendrey, G. R., K. F. Lewin, and J. Nagy. Brookhaven National Laboratory free-air carbon dioxide enrichment forest prototype -- Interim report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432911.

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Author, Not Given. Growth, yield and plant water relationships in sweet potatoes in response to carbon dioxide enrichment: Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6414939.

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Sepanski, R., B. Kimball, J. Mauney, R. La Morte, G. Guinn, F. Nakayama, J. Radin, et al. Carbon dioxide enrichment: Data on the response of cotton to varying CO sub 2 , irrigation, and nitrogen. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7271042.

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Sepanski, R., B. Kimball, J. Mauney, R. La Morte, G. Guinn, F. Nakayama, J. Radin, et al. Carbon dioxide enrichment: Data on the response of cotton to varying CO{sub 2}, irrigation, and nitrogen. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175307.

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Henrey, George R., Galen A. Hon, Keith F. Lewin, John Nagy, Howard Barnes, Hector Barrios, Catherine Potvin, and Marco Ricord. A tropical forest free air carbon dioxide enrichment system prototype in Panama. Final report for the period September 1997 - November 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805765.

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Williams, J. B. Comparative effects of carbon dioxide enrichment and pH change on phytoplankton communities in SRS Carolina bay restoration efforts. Progress report, April 1994--March 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/64137.

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Hendrey, G. R., K. F. Lewin, Z. Kolber, D. Kolber, F. W. Lipfert, and M. Daum. Field performance testing of a Free-Air Controlled Enrichment (FACE) system for the regulation of carbon dioxide concentrations in a cotton field at Yazoo City, Mississippi. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6078679.

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Response of vegetation to carbon dioxide. Growth, yield and plant water relationships in sweet potatoes in response to carbon dioxide enrichment 1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/639722.

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