Journal articles: 'Carbon composites'

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Wang, Bin, Bugao Xu, and Hejun Li. "Fabrication and properties of carbon/carbon-carbon foam composites." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 21-22 (March 13, 2019): 4452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519836942.

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This paper was focused on the development of a new composite for high thermal insulation applications with carbon/carbon (C/C) composites, carbon foams and an interlayer of phenolic-based carbon. The microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and thermal insulation performance of the composite was investigated. The experiment results showed that the bonding strength of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 4.31 MPa, and that the fracture occurred and propagated near the interface of the carbon foam and the phenolic-based carbon interlayer due to the relatively weak bonding. The shear load-displacement curves were characterized by alternated linear slopes and serrated plateaus before a final failure. he experiment revealed that the thermal conductivity of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 1.55 W·m−1ċK−1 in 800℃, which was 95.8% lower than that of C/C composites, proving that the thermal insulation of the new foam composite was greatly enhanced by the carbon foam with its porous hollow microstructure.

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Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, and G. Janet Joshiba. "Carbon Nanotube Composites." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.75.

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The discovery of carbon nanotubes is one of the remarkable achievement in the field of material science and it is a great advancement of Nanotechnology. A carbon nanotube is an expedient material used in several domains and paves way for the welfare of humans in many ways. Carbon nanotubes are nanosized tubes made from graphitic carbons and it is well known for its exclusive physical and chemical properties. The market demand for the nanotubes has increased progressively due to its size dependent, structure and mechanical properties. The carbon nanotubes possess high tensile strength and it is also found to be the durable fibre ever known. It is also found to possess exceptional electrical properties. The carbon nanotube composites have an excellent young’s modulus and higher tensile strength same as graphite carbon. This review plots the properties of carbon nanotubes and portrays the planning and properties of carbon nanotube composites. The wide application of carbon nanotube composites is also explained.

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Zhang, Jun, Zude Zhou, Fan Zhang, Yuegang Tan, and Renhui Yi. "Molding process and properties of continuous carbon fiber three-dimensional printing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019835698.

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Currently, carbon fiber composite has been applied in the field of three-dimensional printing to produce the high-performance parts with complex geometric features. This technique comprise both the advantages of three-dimensional printing and the material, which are light weight, high strength, integrated molding, and without mold, and the limitation of model complexity. In order to improve the performance of three-dimensional printing process using carbon fiber composite, in this article, a novel molding process of three-dimensional printing for continuous carbon fiber composites is developed, including the construction of printing material, the design of printer nozzle, and the modification of printing process. A suitable structure of nozzle on the printer is adjusted for the continuous carbon fiber composites. For the sake of ensuring the continuity of composited material during the processing, a cutting algorithm for jumping point is proposed to improve the printing path during process. On this basis, the experiment of continuous carbon fiber composite is performed and the mechanical properties of the printed test samples are analyzed. The results show that the tensile strength and bending strength of the sample printed by polylactic acid–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 204.7% and 116.3%, respectively compared with pure polylactic acid materials, and those of the sample printed by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 301.1% and 17.4% compared with pure nylon materials, and those of test sample by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites under the heated and pressurized treatment increased by 383.6% and 233.2% compared with pure nylon material.

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Sheehan, J. E., K. W. Buesking, and B. J. Sullivan. "Carbon-Carbon Composites." Annual Review of Materials Science 24, no. 1 (August 1994): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.24.080194.000315.

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Mays, Tim. "Carbon-carbon composites." Composites Science and Technology 51, no. 3 (January 1994): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(94)90115-5.

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Wan Dalina, Wan Ahmad Dahalan, M. Mariatti, Radziana Ramlee, Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "Comparison on the Properties of Glass Fiber/MWCNT/Epoxy and Carbon Fiber/MWCNT/Epoxy Composites." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.32.

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A hand lay-up and vacuum bagging method was used in this study to fabricate glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites and carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The density, flexural properties, and burning rate of the laminated composites incorporated with different concentration of MWCNT (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol%) were investigated and analyzed. Trend in the density, flexural and burning rate of glass fiber composite laminates were compared to those of carbon fiber composite laminates. Effect of MWCNT concentration on glass fiber composites properties varies from carbon fiber composite laminates. Incorporation of 0.5vol% of MWCNT has increased flexural strength by 54.4% compared to 5-ply glass fiber composite laminates. Nonetheless addition of 1vol% of MWCNT has only increased flexural strength by 34% compared to 5-ply carbon fiber laminated composites. Incorporation of MWCNT has successfully reduced the burning rate of the glass fiber composites as well as the carbon fiber laminated composites.

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Sakai, Takenobu, Tomohiko Gushiken, Jun Koyanagi, Rolando Rios-Soberanis, Tomoki Masuko, Satoshi Matsushima, Satoshi Kobayashi, and Satoru Yoneyama. "Effect of Viscoelastic Behavior on Electroconductivity of Recycled Activated Carbon Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.231.

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In the Waterworks Bureau, the activated carbon has been used for filtering water. After the life service of activated carbon, it is normally disposed. This work focuses on the processing of a composite material in order to recycle these wasted carbon particles. These activated carbons were used for the filler of composite materials, and a composite with carbon contents of 10% ~ 60% was manufactured and characterized. They exhibited electroconductive behavior because of the carbon particles used as fillers. The electroconductivity have an intimate relationship with the strain of the material. However, because of the composite viscoelasticity, the electroconductivity presented changes by their stress relaxation behavior with the same strain. In this study, it was revealed the relationship between the viscoelasticity and the electroconductivity of recycled activated carbon composites.

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Zhang, Chun Hua, Jin Bao Zhang, Mu Chao Qu, and Jian Nan Zhang. "Toughness Properties of Basalt/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.732.

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Basalt fiber and carbon fiber hybrid with alternate stacking sequences reinforced epoxy composites have been developed to improve the toughness properties of conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. For comparison, plain carbon fiber laminate composite and plain basalt fiber laminate composite have also been fabricated. The toughness properties of each laminate have been studied by an open hole compression test. The experimental results confirm that hybrid composites containing basalt fibers display 46% higher open hole compression strength than that of plain carbon fiber composites. It is indicated that the hybrid composite laminates are less sensitive to open hole compared with plain carbon fiber composite laminate and high toughness properties can be prepared by fibers' hybrid.

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Bahrami, Mohsen, Juana Abenojar, Gladis M. Aparicio, and Miguel Angel Martínez. "Thermal Stability, Durability, and Service Life Estimation of Woven Flax-Carbon Hybrid Polyamide Biocomposites." Materials 17, no. 9 (April 26, 2024): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092020.

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Woven flax-carbon hybrid polyamide biocomposites offer a blend of carbon fibers’ mechanical strength and flax’s environmental advantages, potentially developing material applications. This study investigated their thermal behavior, degradation kinetics, and durability to water uptake and relative humidity exposure and compared them with pure flax and carbon composites with the same matrix. The hybrid composite exhibited intermediate water/moisture absorption levels between pure flax and carbon composites, with 7.2% water absorption and 3.5% moisture absorption. It also displayed comparable thermal degradation resistance to the carbon composite, effectively maintaining its weight up to 300 °C. Further analysis revealed that the hybrid composite exhibited a decomposition energy of 268 kJ/mol, slightly lower than the carbon composite’s value of 288.5 kJ/mol, indicating similar thermal stability. Isothermal lifetime estimation, employing the activation energy (Ed) and degree of conversion facilitated by the Model Free Kinetics method, indicated a 41% higher service life of the hybrid laminate at room temperature compared to the carbon laminate. These insights are crucial for understanding the industrial applications of these materials without compromising durability.

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Bilisik, Kadir, Nesrin Karaduman, and Erdal Sapanci. "Short-beam shear of nanoprepreg/nanostitched three-dimensional carbon/epoxy multiwall carbon nanotube composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319863472.

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The effect of out-of-plane stitching and the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the short-beam shear properties of carbon/epoxy composites were investigated. Stitching influenced the short-beam strength of carbon satin and twill fabric composites, where the stitched satin carbon/epoxy composites showed improved short-beam properties compared with the unstitched satin carbon/epoxy composites. In general, stitching and MWCNTs addition enhanced the short-beam strength of the composite. The fracture of the composites generally exhibited as a combination of lateral total matrix cracking, warp fiber breakage and interlayer opening. In addition, all the structures experienced angularly sheared catastrophic through-the-thickness layer breakage. It was also shown that delamination was largely restricted in stitched and nano-added composites when compared to the unstitched samples. It can be concluded that nanostitching could be considered for improving short-beam strength properties of the composite.

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Zhu, Cheng Li. "Applications of Carbon Fiber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.121.

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Owing to the excellent properties, carbon fiber composites have been applied in many fields. This article outlined the new applications and development trends of carbon-fiber composite materials, and pointed out some problems existing in their development. Moreover, a new kind of billiard cloth made of the mixture of carbon fiber composites and wool was argued in the paper.

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Im, Kwang Hee, David K. Hsu, and Young Tae Cho. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon/Carbon Composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019629.

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In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon (C/C) composites for the evaluation. In a large carbon/carbon composite manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CVI process. Low frequency through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. These results were compared with that obtained by dry-coupling ultrasonics. Pulse-echo C-scans was used to image near-surface material property anomalies such as the placement of spacers between disks during CVI. Also, optical micrograph had been examined on the surface of C/C composites using a destructive way.

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Brandão, Ana T. S. C., Liana Anicai, Oana Andreea Lazar, Sabrina Rosoiu, Aida Pantazi, Renata Costa, Marius Enachescu, Carlos M. Pereira, and A. Fernando Silva. "Electrodeposition of Sn and Sn Composites with Carbon Materials Using Choline Chloride-Based Ionic Liquids." Coatings 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120798.

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Nano carbons, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, show very interesting electrochemical properties and are becoming a focus of interest in many areas, including electrodeposition of carbon–metal composites for battery application. The aim of this study was to incorporate carbon materials (namely oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNT), pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (P-MWCNT), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) into a metallic tin matrix. Formation of the carbon–tin composite materials was achieved by electrodeposition from a choline chloride-based ionic solvent. The different structures and treatments of the carbon materials will create metallic composites with different characteristics. The electrochemical characterization of Sn and Sn composites was performed using chronoamperometry, potentiometry, electrochemical impedance, and cyclic voltammetry. The initial growth stages of Sn and Sn composites were characterized by a glassy-carbon (GC) electrode surface. Nucleation studies were carried out, and the effect of the carbon materials was characterized using the Scharifker and Hills (SH) and Scharifker and Mostany (SM) models. Through a non-linear fitting method, it was shown that the nucleation of Sn and Sn composites on a GC surface occurred through a 3D instantaneous process with growth controlled by diffusion. According to Raman and XRD analysis, carbon materials were successfully incorporated at the Sn matrix. AFM and SEM images showed that the carbon incorporation influences the coverage of the surface as well as the size and shape of the agglomerate. From the analysis of the corrosion tests, it is possible to say that Sn-composite films exhibit a comparable or slightly better corrosion performance as compared to pure Sn films.

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Jeon, Jae Ho, Hai Tao Fang, Zhong Hong Lai, and Zhong Da Yin. "Development of Functionally Graded Anti-Oxidation Coatings for Carbon/Carbon Composites." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1851.

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The concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs) was originated in the research field of thermal barrier coatings. Continuous changes in the composition, grain size, porosity, etc., of these materials result in gradients in such properties as mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. In recent years, functionally graded structural composite materials have received increased attention as promising candidate materials to exhibit better mechanical and functional properties than homogeneous materials or simple composite materials. Therefore the research area of FGMs has been expending in the development of various structural and functional materials, such as cutting tools, photonic crystals, dielectric and piezoelectric ceramics, thermoelectric semiconductors, and biomaterials. We have developed functionally graded structural ceramic/metal composite materials for relaxation of thermal stress, functionally graded anti-oxidation coatings for carbon/carbon composites, and functionally graded dielectric ceramic composites to develop advanced dielectric ceramics with flat characteristics of dielectric constant in a wide temperature range. This paper introduces functionally graded coatings for C/C composites with superior oxidation resistance at high temperatures.

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Lee, Sang Il, and Dong Jin Yoon. "Structural Health Monitoring for Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotube (CNT)/Epoxy Composite Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.290.

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Structural health monitoring for carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon fiber/epoxy composite was verified by the measurement of electrical resistivity. This study has focused on the preparation of carbon nanotube composite sensors and their application for structural health monitoring. The change of the electrical resistance was measured by a digital multimeter under tensile loads. Although a carbon fiber was broken, the electrical connection was still kept by distributed CNT particles in the model composites. As the number of carbon fiber breakages increased, electrical resistivity was stepwise increased. The CNT composites were well responded with fiber damages during the electro-micromechnical test. Carbon nanotube composites can be useful sensors for structural health monitoring to diagnose a structural safety and to prevent a collapse.

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Zengin, Huseyin, Erdal Bayir, and Gulay Zengin. "Solution properties of polyaniline/carbon particle composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0091.

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Abstract This study reports on the synthesis of polymer polyaniline, a conductive polymer by nature, and the preparation of polyaniline/carbon particle (PANI/CP) composites by in situ polymerization. The solution properties and conductivities in solution of synthesized PANI and PANI/CP materials were analyzed. The viscosity of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent at different temperatures was measured to examine their behavior in solution. Initially, the viscosity-molecular weight of PANI polymer was measured and calculated to be 78,521. The viscosities of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the temperature increased. However, the viscosities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The ionic conductivities and pH changes in NMP solvent, measured at different concentrations of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials, and prepared in different ratios, were measured to investigate their behavior in solution. The ionic conductivities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. Changes in the pH of PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The conductivity of PANI/10% CP composite material in solution was greater than that of neat PANI polymer in solution; this indicated that CPs in PANI/10% CP composite materials made important positive contributions to the conductivities.

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Zaldivar, Rafael J., Gerald S. Rellick, and J. M. Yang. "Fiber strength utilization in carbon/carbon composites." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 3 (March 1993): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0501.

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The utilization of tensile strength of carbon fibers in unidirectional carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was studied for a series of four mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers in a carbon matrix derived from a polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin. The fibers had moduli of 35, 75, 105, and 130 Mpsi. Composite processing conditions ranged from the cured-resin state to various heat-treatment temperatures (HTT's) from 1100 to 2750 °C for the C/C's. Room-temperature tensile strength and modulus were measured for the various processing conditions, and were correlated with SEM observations of fracture surfaces, fiber and matrix microstructures, and fiber/matrix interphase structures. Fiber tensile strength utilization (FSU) is defined as the ratio of apparent fiber strength in the C/C to the fiber strength in an epoxy-resin-matrix composite. Carbonization heat treatment to 1100 °C results in a brittle carbon matrix that bonds strongly with the three lower modulus fibers, resulting in matrix-dominated failure at FSU values of 24 to 35%. However, the composite with the 130-Mpsi-modulus filament had an FSU of 79%. It is attributed to a combination of tough fracture within the filament itself and a weaker fiber/matrix interface. Both factors lead to crack deflection and blunting rather than to crack propagation. The presence of a weakened interface is inferred from observations of fiber pullout. Much of the FSU of the three lower modulus fibers is recovered by HTT to 2100 or 2400 °C, principally as a result of interface weakening, which works to prevent matrix-dominated fracture. With HTT to 2750 °C, there is a drop in FSU for all the composites; it is apparently the result of a combination of fiber degradation and reduced matrix stress-transfer capability.

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Mergen, Ömer Bahadır, Ertan Arda, and Gülşen Akın Evingür. "Electrical, optical, and mechanical percolations of multi-walled carbon nanotube and carbon mesoporous-doped polystyrene composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319859053.

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In this study, we have investigated and compared electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of polystyrene thin films with added multi-walled carbon nanotube and carbon mesoporous. Surface conductivity ( σ), scattered light intensity ( I sc), and all the mechanical parameters of these composites have increased with increasing the content of carbon filler (multi-walled carbon nanotube or carbon mesoporous) in the polystyrene composites. This behavior in electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the polystyrene/carbon fiber composites has been explained by classical and site percolation theory, respectively. The electrical percolation thresholds ( R σ) were determined to be 8.0 wt% for polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube and 25.0 wt% for polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composites. The optical percolation thresholds were found to be R op = 0.8 wt.% for polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube and R op = 3.0 wt.% for polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composites. For the polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composite system, it was determined that the mechanical percolation threshold occurred at lower R values than the polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite system. The electrical ( β σ), optical ( β op), and mechanical ( β m) critical exponents have been calculated for both of the polystyrene/carbon fiber composites and obtained as compatible with used percolation theory.

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Chaipanich, Arnon, and Nittaya Jaitanong. "Fabrication and Properties of PZT-Cement-Encapsulated Carbon Composites." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.428.

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Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) has excellent piezoelectric properties and has been used in a number of applications such as sensors and actuators. Recently, PZT has been used with a cement based material to produce new types of composite. These new piezoelectric-cement based composites have been developed for sensor applications in civil engineering works where these composites would provide better matching to concrete than the existing normal piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric-polymer composites. In this work, encapsulated carbon addition of 2% by volume was added to the PZT-cement composites using pressed-cured method. Dielectric properties of the composites were investigated from 1 to 100 kHz as a preliminary investigation. The results show that the dielectric constant was found to be higher for the composite with the addition of encapsulated carbon. The dielectric loss of the composite with the encapsulated carbon, however, was found to be less when compared to the composite with no encapsulated carbon. Scanning electron micrographs of these composites also revealed that a dense microstructure can be obtained from this method.

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Jeon, Kyung-Soo, R. Nirmala, Seong-Hwa Hong, Yong-II Chung, R. Navamathavan, and Hak Yong Kim. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate via an Injection Molding Process." Sensor Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4290.

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This manuscript is dealt with the synthesis of short carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate polymer composite by using injection modeling technique. Four different composite materials were obtained by varying the carbon fibers weight percentage of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The synthesized carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites were characterized for their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), universal testing machine (UTM) and IZOD strength test. The resultant carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polycarbonate resin. The tensile properties were observed to be monotonically increases with increasing carbon fiber content in the composite resin. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/polycarbonate composites with the carbon fiber content 40% were increased about 8 times than that of the pristine polycarbonate matrix. The carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites with 40 wt.% of short carbon fibers exhibited a high tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The incorporation of carbon fiber in to polycarbonate resin resulted in a significant enhancement in the mechanical and the thermal behavior. These studies suggested that the short carbon fiber incorporated polycarbonate composite matrix is a good candidate material for many technological applications.

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Islam, Md Zahirul, Ali Amiri, and Chad A. Ulven. "Fatigue Behavior Comparison of Inter-Ply and Intra-Ply Hybrid Flax-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070184.

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Hybridization of natural fiber with synthetic fiber to reinforce polymer matrix composites is an effective way of increasing fatigue strength of composites with substantial amount of bio-based content. Flax is the strongest type of bast natural fiber, possessing excellent mechanical and damping properties. Fatigue properties of flax fiber hybridized with synthetic carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites were studied. Fatigue properties of inter-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composite were compared to intra-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composites through tensile fatigue testing at 70% load of ultimate tensile strength and with a loading frequency of 3 Hz. For similar amount (by mass) of flax and carbon fiber, intra-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composite exhibited a very large increase (>2000%) in fatigue life compared to inter-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composites. Suitable hybridization can produce hybrid composites that are as strong as synthetic fiber composites while containing a high bio-based content of natural fibers.

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Zhang, Chun, and Wen Juan Wu. "Analysis of Transverse Sections of Unilateralism Carbon Fiber Reinforced Resin Matrix Composites in Shot-Beam Shear Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.310.

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This study investigates the transverse section property of unilateralism carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites in shot-beam shear conditions. Carbon fiber composites made in China and a composite T300 made in Japan were tested. Analysis was made for these composites on the shear strength data and the appearance of macro characters. Possible sequence of failure initiation and propagation of each composite was proposed by the SEM with optical microscopy observations of failed specimens. The result revealed that the interfacial property is the most important factor responsible for the failure mode of unilateralism carbon fiber composites, and the Chinese carbon fiber composites need to improve the interfacial property for wider use.

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Li, Chang Liang, Xin Cui, Zhi Hua Wu, Jing Cheng Zeng, and Su Li Xing. "A Method of Eliminating Ice on Wind Turbine Blade by Using Carbon Fiber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1322.

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In this work, a method to eliminate ice on wind turbine blade by using carbon fiber composites was put forward. To prove that this idea is feasible, a carbon fiber composite panel with its ends soaked by the conductive silver paste was fabricated and surface temperature of it at three levels of voltages was measured. The surface temperature of the composite panel increased significantly and finally retained a constant, which shows that the carbon fiber composites can be used to eliminate ice when the glass fabric composite blades are covered by the carbon fiber composites.

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Kummerlöwe, Claudia, Norbert Vennemann, and Achim Siebert. "Carbon Nanotube Elastomer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.322.

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Composites of multi walled carbon nanotubes and several synthetic rubbers as well as natural rubber were investigated regarding their mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity and vulcanization properties. The composites were prepared by a melt mixing process. Induction and cure times obtained from rheometer curves exhibited a considerable decrease with increasing filler loading and kinetic investigations using a first order model indicated a distinct reduction of the activation energy. An examination of the crosslink density by equilibrium swelling and hysteresis tensile testing showed a strong increase with carbon nanotube content. The analysis of the thermal conductivity revealed the presents of a considerable interfacial thermal resistance which restricts the contribution of carbon nanotubes to the composite thermal conductivity. The electrical percolation thresholds of the melt compounded composites depend on processing procedure as well as elastomer and CNT type. At least a partial exfoliation of the CNT aggregates was reached.

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Li, Yi-Luen, Ming-Yuan Shen, Huang-Suo Su, Chin-Lung Chiang, and Ming-Chuen Yip. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of CNT-Reinforced Carbon/Carbon Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/262694.

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Carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites) possess superior characteristics of low density, high strength, extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, and high fatigue resistance. In carbonization process, the high-temperature pyrolysis made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements results in a lot of voids and cavities generated in the interior of C/C composites. Therefore, the C/C composites are densified to fill the voids by using repeated impregnation. But densification is a time-wasting and complex process, which increases production costs in the manufacturing process. In this study, the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were adopted as a reinforcement material for C/C composites to reduce the existence of voids or cavities and enhance the mechanical properties of C/C composites. According to the experimental results, the CNT-added C/C composite containing 1.2 wt% CNT possesses the greatest flexure strength, flexure modulus, and interlaminar shearing strength. Plus, the above-mentioned strength and modulus are increased by 23%, 19.2%, and 30%, respectively.

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Jing, Chuyue, Tianhao Li, and Hanyihong Su. "Application of carbon nanotechnology in conductive composites." Applied and Computational Engineering 23, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/23/20230646.

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Conductive composites play a significant role in today's world. Conductive composites made of composite conductive polymers are improved by adding conductive materials. Carbon nanomaterials have stable chemical properties, light weight and good conductive properties, so that they can be used as excellent fillers of conductive composites. In this paper, the principle and application of conductive composites in the practical scientific field are reviewed. Graphene, CNTs, activated carbon, carbon aerogel and their preparation methods in carbon materials are introduced, and their structures, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The application of carbon nanomaterials in conductive composites is discussed. It is found that carbon materials can significantly change the conductive and mechanical properties of conductive composites, and the performance of conductive composites can be improved. Finally, the shortcomings and prospects of the application of carbon materials in conductive composites are analyzed.

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Pan, Jiao, Min Li, Shaokai Wang, Yizhuo Gu, Qingwen Li, and Zuoguang Zhang. "Hybrid effect of carbon nanotube film and ultrathin carbon fiber prepreg composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684416684020.

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This paper successfully interlaced floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition-grown carbon nanotube film and ultrathin carbon fiber prepreg to achieve strong and flexible carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid composites with high carbon nanotube loading. Epoxidation was also introduced to improve interlaminar interfacial bonding. It was found that pristine carbon nanotube film/carbon fiber interply hybrid composite (carbon fiber/carbon nanotube/carbon fiber) showed sudden and brittle failure, while epoxidation caused a gradual failure behavior. Hybrid effect analysis suggested that the improved tensile performance and synergistic effect of epoxidized carbon nanotube film/carbon fiber hybrid composite were attributed to good load transfer and suppressed delamination induced by improved interfacial bonding. In addition carbon fiber/carbon nanotube/carbon fiber manifested excellent damping capacity with the maximum loss factor of 0.13. The in-plane electrical conductivity of composite with global carbon nanotube content of 21 wt% increased to the same order of magnitude as carbon nanotube film composite. The excellent mechanical, damping, and electrical properties demonstrated great potential for both structural and multifunctional applications of the resultant hybrid composites.

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Lanfredi, Silvania, Marcos A. L. Nobre, Po S. Poon, and Juan Matos. "Hybrid Material Based on an Amorphous-Carbon Matrix and ZnO/Zn for the Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Blue 41." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010096.

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Innovative composites based on an amorphous-carbon matrix containing a second phase ZnO oxide and/or highly dispersed Zn metallic were synthesized via a modified Pechini route, in which a partial pyrolysis method was reached. Studies of adsorption in the dark and the photocatalytic activity for the cationic azo-dye, basic blue 41, and degradation were carried out. X-ray diffraction patterns for the carbon matrix and its composite with Zn show characteristics of the amorphous carbon. The infrared in the mid region of the composite prepared with ZnO and Zn exhibit vibrational bands related to bonds zinc oxide. The surface pH of the material is the main factor responsible for the adsorption of the azo-dye, but the contribution of mesopores favored the diffusion of molecules from the bulk of solution to the pore framework. Esters-like functional groups on the surface of carbons hinder the adsorption of the azo-dye. When Zn is embedded within amorphous carbon the photocatalytic activity of the composites showed up to 2.4 higher than neat ZnO. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity and stability of C/ZnO/Zn and C/Zn composites is discussed in terms of a protector effect by the carbon layers inserted in composites. Carbon layers are responsible to inhibit the lixiviation of ZnO particles along irradiation.

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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.

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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.

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Li, Qiuwen, and Wei Li. "Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of CF/EP Composites with Sandwiched Structure." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 84 (February 27, 2024): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/4dwj2z42.

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are widely used in many fields due to their excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the carbon fiber composites can also be used as electromagnetic shielding materials because carbon fibers have good electrical conductivity. However, the formation of effective conductive network in the unidirectional composites is restricted because each carbon fiber is surrounded by the resin and separated from each other. As a result, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the unidirectional carbon fiber composite is not satisfied. In this paper, the single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/PEK-C films with good electrical conductivity were prepared by using the coating method. The conductive films were then placed between layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to obtain the composites with sandwich structure by the compression molding technology. The results showed that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites sandwiched with the films was significantly improved compared with the neat unidirectional composite. The absorption-dominated shielding mechanism of the composites was also proved. Meanwhile, the composites also exhibited good mechanical properties.

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Novotná, Jana, Blanka Tomková, and Lukáš Výborný. "Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Filled with Carbon Microparticles." Solid State Phenomena 333 (June 10, 2022): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j11knb.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of carbon micro particles used as epoxy resin fillers, for the mechanical properties of reinforced composites unidirectionally oriented carbon fibers. The motivation for this work was expansion knowledge of the possibilities of improving the user properties of these materials at maintaining their weight, thus finding new areas for application recycled carbon fibers from composite waste, which would also contribute to the solution issues of recycling and subsequent use of today's mostly landfilled composites. This work deals with the influence of carbon fillers embedded in epoxy resin on tensile and flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) composites. Samples were made from unidirectional carbon multifilaments, and epoxy resin modified with selected carbon fillers in 2.5weight% concentrations. Composites were subsequently examined using flexural and tensile tests. All specimen filled with carbon particles showed increase of both, flexural and tensile properties, if compared to neat epoxy composites.

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Nazem Salimi, Masoumeh, Mehdi Torabi Merajin, and Mohammad Kazem Besharati Givi. "Enhanced mechanical properties of multifunctional multiscale glass/carbon/epoxy composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes and simultaneous carbon nanotubes/nanoclays." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 6 (August 20, 2016): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316655201.

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Hybrid composites are being used in a wide variety of applications especially in the aircraft industry. Therefore, it would be of great use to develop a hybrid composite with a high mechanical performance. With this premise, this studyaimed to imbed secondary nanoscale reinforcement into the matrix of glass/carbon/epoxy composite where amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hybridization of amino multi-walled carbon nanotube and Nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) were utilized. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of hybrid composites were evaluated and a comparative study between hybrid composite reinforced with amino-MWCNTs and simultaneous amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay was conducted. The fractured surfaces of tensile testing and bending testing specimens were characterized with a high precise field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results of the tensile test revealed that incorporation of amino-MWCNTs reduced the ultimate strength of hybrid composite, while the elastic modulus of composite with combination of amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay increased. It was demonstrated that incorporation of nanotubes and simultaneous presence of both amino MWCNTs and Nanoclay could enhance exclusively the flexural strength of conventional hybrid composite by up to 10.5% and 22% respectively. Also, simultaneous presence of nano-fillers resulted in 12.2% enhancement of impact strength of hybrid composite where amino-MWCNTs exclusively increased it by up to 49.9%. Morphological characterization of composites indicated to strengthen interfacial interaction of fabrics to epoxy when matrix reinforced with nano-fillers, especially in combination of both nanotubes and nanoclays.

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Naito, Kimiyoshi, Chiemi Nagai, Keiichi Shirasu, Yoshinobu Shimamura, and Yoku Inoue. "Tensile properties and fracture behavior of carbon nanotube-sheets/carbon fibers epoxy-impregnated bundle composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221109436.

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An interesting technique for modifying carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites is through hybridization with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotubes sheets/carbon fibers offer potential benefits of nanoscale reinforcement to the well-established fibrous composites by creating multiscale hybrid micro-nano composites. In this study, the tensile properties of high tensile strength polyacrylonitrile (PAN)- and high modulus pitch-based carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites incorporating CNT sheets (CNT-sh/CFs/Ep-H: CNT sheets/carbon fibers/epoxy hybrid composites) were investigated. To fabricate CNT sheets, CNT was vertically grown on a quartz glass plate by chemical vapor deposition. A solid-state drawing and winding technique was applied to transform the vertically aligned CNT array into horizontally aligned CNT sheets. The tensile modulus of the CNT-sh/CFs/Ep-H was higher than that of the composite in the as-received state (CFs/Ep: carbon fibers/epoxy bundle composite). The tensile strength of the CNT-sh/PAN-based CF/Ep-H was lower than that of the PAN-based CF/Ep, whereas the tensile strength of the CNT-sh/pitch-based CF/Ep-H was higher than that of the pitch-based CF/Ep.

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Barra, Ana, Cláudia Nunes, Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, and Paula Ferreira. "Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 6, 2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031848.

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Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed.

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Gan, Yong X. "Special Issues on Composite Carbon Fibers." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6080241.

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Raju, G. U., Vinod Kumar V. Meti, N. R. Banapurmath, T. M. Yunus Khan, I. G. Siddhalingeshwar, Vishal Vaikunte, Chandramouli Vadlamudi, Sanjay Krishnappa, A. M. Sajjan, and Adarsh Patil. "Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements on the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hybrid Mg-AZ91D Nanocomposites." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176181.

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Magnesium matrix composites are extensively used in automotive and structural applications due to their low density, high strength, and wear-resistant properties. To reach the scope of industry needs, research is carried out regarding enhancing the mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composites by reinforcing the nano-sized reinforcements. In the present work, research has been carried out to enhance the properties of the magnesium AZ91D hybrid composite by reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with varying weight percentages (AZ91D + 0.5% CF’s + 0.5% MWCNT and AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT, respectively). The experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and tribological behavior of the composites. The test results showed that the addition of CF and MWCNT reinforcements improved the hybrid Mg composite’s hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength compared to the base Mg matrix. The AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT hybrid composite showed a 19%, 35%, and 66% increased hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to the base Mg AZ91D. The wear test results also showed the improved wear resistance of the Mg composite compared to the base matrix. The enhanced wear resistance of the composite is due to the addition of hard MWCNT and CF reinforcements. The wear rate of the AZ91D + 0.75%CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT composite for a load of 30 N at a sliding distance of 1500 m is lower as compared to the base matrix. The SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed the existence of abrasive wear. The improved mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composite is also due to the homogeneous distribution of the hard reinforcement particles along the grain boundaries.

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Dr.E.N.Ganesh. "Carbon nanotubes and their composites." Pacific International Journal 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v1i4.49.

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Carbon nanotubes have been the focus of considerable research since their observation from 1991 onwards. The extensive basic studies performed by physicists and chemists in the processing of carbon nanotubes during the past decade have established a sound foundation for exploring their technological application. The exceptional mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes can be exploited in the development of nanotube-based composite materials that may far exceed the properties of existing fiber-reinforced composites. Nanocomposites of carbon tubes that have extraordinary specific stiffness and specific strength represent a tremendous opportunity for application in the 21st century. This paper provides a concise review of the recent advancement in carbon nanotubes and their composites. We examine the research work reported in the literature on the structure and processing of carbon nanotubes, as well as the characterization and modeling of the properties of carbon nanotubes and their composites.

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Wang, Jian Ming, Lei Zhao, and Xiao Qin. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Carbon Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.110.

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Carbon fibers were used to lay lengthways into three lays in jute fiber needled mat and the same fiber volume content of jute fiber needled mat were fabricated. Those two mats and the lengthways carbon fibers reinforced vinyl resin composites were made by VARTM. We made a comparison of the hybrid reinforced composites between the test value and the theoretical value which was predicted by establishing tensile and bending math-model and their mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that there was a certain line between the theoretical value and the test value of the hybrid composites, so we can establish the mixing ratio between jute fiber and carbon fiber during the engineering application. Although the use of carbon fibers had greatly enhanced the tensile properties of hybrid composite, whose tensile strength and tensile modulus increased by 85.94% and 30.99% respectively than that without carbons, the bending model can’t be changed a lot.

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Karcagi, Rita, and János Lukács. "Fatigue Crack Growth Tests on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.111.

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Composite materials combine the advantages of their components. Carbon fibre reinforced composites are used in construction where reduced weight is critical. To produce carbon fibre reinforced composites, aluminium alloys can be the matrix. Advantageous properties of aluminium matrix composites – good toughness, low weight – are applied in aerospace and automotive industry. Because aluminium alloys are not reactive to carbon, therefore the coating of the fibres can solve the problem. Nickel coated and chemically treated carbon fibres were used to producing of aluminium matrix composites. The investigated composite materials were prepared by pressure infiltration. The influence of treating of carbon fibres was examined on the fracture mechanical properties of aluminium matrix composites. Three types of matrix materials, three types of carbon fibres and four types of surface treatment were studied. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed under mode I loading condition and the failure mechanisms of the composite materials were investigated. Test results belonging to different coated fibres were compared, and our results were compared with the results from the literature, too.

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Kang, Tae Jin, and Yi Woon Jeong. "Mechanical Properties of Matrix-Modified Carbon/Carbon Composites." Engineering Plastics 5, no. 7 (January 1997): 147823919700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919700500701.

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A phenolic carbon matrix precursor was modified by adding pitch and graphite powders. The carbon yield from thermogravimetric analysis and normal carbonization experiments increased as the powder content increased. The carbon yield from real carbonization experiments was higher than that measured from TGA analysis because of the slower heating rate. The bulk density of carbon-carbon composites made with the different modified matrix systems was in the range of 1.35 x 103 -1.41 x 103 kg/m3. From the 3-point bending test, the effect of matrix modification was confirmed by the changes in the mechanical properties of the greenbody. As the powder content increased, the mechanical properties of the greenbody decreased. After carbonization, the mechanical properties of the carbon-carbon composite showed higher values than those of the carbon-carbon composites made with unmodified matrix precursors.

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Kang, Tae Jin, and Yi Woon Jeong. "Mechanical Properties of Matrix-Modified Carbon/Carbon Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 5, no. 7 (January 1997): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119700500701.

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A phenolic carbon matrix precursor was modified by adding pitch and graphite powders. The carbon yield from thermogravimetric analysis and normal carbonization experiments increased as the powder content increased. The carbon yield from real carbonization experiments was higher than that measured from TGA analysis because of the slower heating rate. The bulk density of carbon-carbon composites made with the different modified matrix systems was in the range of 1.35 x 103 -1.41 x 103 kg/m3. From the 3-point bending test, the effect of matrix modification was confirmed by the changes in the mechanical properties of the greenbody. As the powder content increased, the mechanical properties of the greenbody decreased. After carbonization, the mechanical properties of the carbon-carbon composite showed higher values than those of the carbon-carbon composites made with unmodified matrix precursors.

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Krishna Sastry, K. V., and V. Seshagiri Rao. "Multi Response Optimization of Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Drilling Parameters by Using Grey Theory Technique." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1801.

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The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum values of drilling parameters of carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFRC) composite material with the help of an experimental investigation, which includes the application of unique Grey theory method. The growing application of CFRC composites, which are popularly known as ‘carbon-carbon’ composites in Aerospace, Automobile, Defence and other advanced industries has prompted research studies to develop drilling technology of these special materials. The present work demonstrates the optimization process of multiple responses.The optimum values of drilling characteristics of these composites are calculated by the application of Taguchi method in combination with Grey Relational Analysis technique. The drilling experiments were carried with a High speed steel tool on a plate of carbon-carbon composite material on a CNC Drilling vertical Machining centre.

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Sujon, Abu Shaid, Tahamir Hasan Supto, Fahim Shariar, Md Mushfiqur Rahman Pallab, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin, and Mohammad Ahsan Habib. "Fabrication and Experimental Investigation on Tensile and Flexural Properties for Different Stacking Sequence of Jute and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite." Key Engineering Materials 858 (August 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.858.72.

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The consequence of placing a different layer of jute and carbon fiber in different position inside the composite has been experimentally investigated. Six layers of woven unidirectional jute fiber and four-layer of carbon fiber has been used with five different stacking sequences in this study. Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technology has been used for the manufacturing of the composite. After analyzing the results of the tensile and flexural test of the composites, it shows that the stacking sequence has a significant effect on those properties of the composites. Tensile strength of the composites was upgraded when all the layers of carbon fiber were placed in the middle of the sandwich-like composite structure whereas flexural strength of the composites was improved when carbon fibers were placed on the compression and tension side of the composite.

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Kwon, Nam, Divine Mouck-Makanda, and Katharina Fromm. "A Review: Carbon Additives in LiMnPO4- and LiCoO2-Based Cathode Composites for Lithium Ion Batteries." Batteries 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040050.

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Carbon plays a critical role in improving the electronic conductivity of cathodes in lithium ion batteries. Particularly, the characteristics of carbon and its composite with electrode material strongly affect battery properties, governed by electron as well as Li+ ion transport. We have reviewed here various types of carbon materials and organic carbon sources in the production of conductive composites of nano-LiMnPO4 and LiCoO2. Various processes of making these composites with carbon or organic carbon sources and their characterization have been reviewed. Finally, the type and amount of carbon and the preparation methods of composites are summarized along with their battery performances and cathode materials. Among the different processes of making a composite, ball milling provided the benefit of dense and homogeneous nanostructured composites, leading to higher tap-density and thus increasing the volumetric energy densities of cathodes.

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Atli, Ismail, and Atilla Evcin. "Thermal Analysis of a Uniaxial Carbon Fabric Reinforced Silicone Resin." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 23, 2022): 1734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.12.04.

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This study, which focuses on carbon fibre (CF) reinforced silicone matrix composites (CFRS-C), an alternative to conventional polymer matrix composites, aims to understand their thermal properties better. Silicone elastomer’s high elastic deformation capability is the primary factor in the choice of silicone matrix. The aforementioned materials are particularly appealing in the design of deployable systems used in the aircraft sector due to their folding capability. Better adhesion of silicone elastomer and plain weave carbon fibre fabric was succeeded by modifying the surface of the fabrics inside 20 wt.% nitric acid solution. Thermal Gravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to examine the materials’ thermal properties in this study’s scope. Thermal tests showed that composite materials exhibited thermal resistance up to 368◦C. The silicone components utilized in the study can form carbon fibre-reinforced composites that exhibit thermal stability up to the specified temperature. The use of carbon fibre enhanced the thermal stability of silicone elastomers. Additionally, a change in the number of layers impacts the composite’s thermal stability.

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Mahanta, Tapan K., Manoj Kumar R, Ayub Ahmed Janvekar, Ahmad Kamal Ismail, M. Mazlan, and Harto Tanujaya. "Free Vibration Analysis of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Using Finite Element Method: Effect of Stacking Sequence." International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i1.1-5.

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Natural frequency is an important property for any structure. In this study, three different polymer based composite (glass fibers, carbon fibers and glass + carbon fibers) considered for numerical free vibration analysis. Composite plates are modeled having eight layer of fibers by varying volume fraction from 0.3-0.6. Aspect ratio kept constant in all the composites. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of all composites are focused. In addition importance is given on the variation across fiber volume fraction. Hybridised composite natural frequencies are compared with the glass and carbon composites.

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Wampler, Wesley A., Krishnan Rajeshwar, R. G. Pethe, R. C. Hyer, and S. C. Sharma. "Composites of polypyrrole and carbon black: Part III. Chemical synthesis and characterization." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (July 1995): 1811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1811.

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A new class of molecular composites of carbon black and an electronically conducting polymer, namely polypyrrole, has been synthesized by chemically polymerizing pyrrole in an aqueous dispersion of carbon black. The carbon black content of these composites can be varied from ∼5% to ∼85% (by weight). The surface area and density of these composites were compared to corresponding mixtures of carbon black and polypyrrole. The influence of carbon black on the efficiency of polymerization of pyrrole is described. The effect of carbon black content on the electronic conductivity of the composite has been mapped, and compared with the corresponding behavior of a mixture of carbon black and polyvinylchloride. The influence of the parent black characteristics (porosity, void volume, surface area) on the electronic conductivity of the resultant composite has been probed by comparing the behavior of composites derived from six commercial and experimental blacks. The temperature dependence of the composites has been studied as a function of the carbon black content. Finally, the application of these new materials is an environmental remediation scenario is demonstrated for Cr(vi) as a model pollutant.

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Trukhanov, Alex V., Daria I. Tishkevich, Svetlana V. Podgornaya, Egor Kaniukov, Moustafa A. Darwish, Tatiana I. Zubar, Andrey V. Timofeev, Ekaterina L. Trukhanova, Vladimir G. Kostishin, and Sergei V. Trukhanov. "Impact of the Nanocarbon on Magnetic and Electrodynamic Properties of the Ferrite/Polymer Composites." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050868.

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Binary and ternary composites (CM) based on M-type hexaferrite (HF), polymer matrix (PVDF) and carbon nanomaterials (quasi-one-dimensional carbon nanotubes—CNT and quasi-two-dimensional carbon nanoflakes—CNF) were prepared and investigated for establishing the impact of the different nanosized carbon on magnetic and electrodynamic properties. The ratio between HF and PVDF in HF + PVDF composite was fixed (85 wt% HF and 15 wt% PVDF). The concentration of CNT and CNF in CM was fixed (5 wt% from total HF + PVDF weight). The phase composition and microstructural features were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. It was observed that CM contains single-phase HF, γ- and β-PVDF and carbon nanomaterials. Thus, we produced composites that consist of mixed different phases (organic insulator matrix—PDVF; functional magnetic fillers—HF and highly electroconductive additives—CNT/CNF) in the required ratio. VSM data demonstrate that the main contribution in main magnetic characteristics belongs to magnetic fillers (HF). The principal difference in magnetic and electrodynamic properties was shown for CNT- and CNF-based composites. That confirms that the shape of nanosized carbon nanomaterials impact on physical properties of the ternary composited-based magnetic fillers in polymer dielectric matrix.

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Kuwahara, Akira, Shinya Suzuki, and Masaru Miyayama. "High-Power Charge/Discharge Properties of LiFePO₄/Carbon Composites with Various Carbon Materials." Key Engineering Materials 388 (September 2008): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.388.45.

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Electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/carbon composites with various carbon materials were investigated to achieve high-rate charge and discharge properties. LiFePO4/carbon composites were synthesized by a pyrolysis of a LiFePO4 precursor solution added with porous graphite or particulate carbon powders. The LiFePO4/porous-graphite composite had a microstructure in which LiFePO4 particles existed on carbon surface and within pores. The LiFePO4/particulate-carbon composite had a microstructure in which each carbon particle was covered with LiFePO4 fine particles. The LiFePO4/porous-graphite and the LiFePO4/particulate-carbon composite electrodes showed high discharge capacities of 69 and 30 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 4000 mA g-1. The high electronic conductivity in the LiFePO4/porous-graphite composite contributed to achieving the large discharge capacity at the high current density.

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Wang, Qiushi, Haibin Ning, Uday Vaidya, Selvum Pillay, and Leigh-Ann Nolen. "Fiber content measurement for carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites using carbonization-in-nitrogen method." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716679481.

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Carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites are gaining increasing interest in various applications thanks to their combined properties of high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and superior toughness. Their mechanical properties are highly dependent on the carbon fiber content. In this study, the carbonization-in-nitrogen method (CIN) developed in previous work is used to measure the fiber content of carbon fiber thermoplastic composites. Three types of carbon fiber thermoplastic composite samples were prepared using hot-melt impregnation. The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite sample is carbonized in a nitrogen environment alongside a neat resin sample that is used for calibrating the resin carbonization percentage. A good agreement is achieved between the nominal carbon fiber content and the carbon fiber content measured using the CIN method. It is concluded that the CIN method is an accurate and efficient way to characterize the carbon fiber content for carbon fiber thermoplastic composites. This work completes the verification of the CIN method, which enables extended application to thermoplastic composites. Moreover, it has its unique merits on evaluating the carbon fiber content for high-temperature and solvent-resistant thermoplastic composites that would encounter challenges using other methods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon composites'

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