Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)"
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Srivastava, Kartika. "Carbon Capture and Sequestration: An Overview." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39386.
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Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is emitted to the atmosphere as a result of combustion process. Presently majority of efforts focus on the removal of carbon dioxide directly from industrial plants and thereby storing it in geological reservoirs. The principle is to achieve a carbon neutral budget if not carbon negative, and thereby mitigate global climate change. Currently, fossil fuels are the predominant source of the global energy generation and the trend will continue for the rest of the century. Fossil fuels supply over 63% of all primary energy; the rest is contributed by nuclear, hydro-electricity and renewable energy. Although research and investments are being targeted to increase the percentage of renewable energy and foster conservation and efficiency improvements of fossil-fuel usage, development of CCS technology is the most important tool likely to play a pivotal role in addressing this crisis. [1] Keywords: Carbon Capture and Storage, Carbon dioxide, fossil fuels, Greenhouse gases
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Yadav, Siddharth. "Carbon Dioxide: Capture, Sequestration, Compressor and Power Cycle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47265.
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Abstract: With an aim to reduce the effect of climate change, it is necessary to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly. Energy industry is one of the largest contributors for the same. Even though the usage of energy from renewable sources is increasing rapidly, the dependency for energy on conventional fossil fuels, such as coal or crude oil, will to remain relatively high for following few decades. One of the ways to curb the carbon footprint is implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, where carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured from the atmosphere and stored for long-term in an empty gas or oil fields. CCS is an important component of the low-carbon based technologies which may help us meet the reduced CO2 emission targets
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Lanjewar, Aditya Anand. "CO2 Sequestration." Research and Analysis Journal 4, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/raj/v4i10.01.
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Starting with an overview of Science, Engineering, Technology and Management. An application of Science is called Engineering; an application of Engineering is called Technology; and applying the Knowledge of Science, Engineering & Technology in Management. Globally, due to the realization that, from last three decades, carbon dioxide sequestration gaining interest to reduce the concentration of CO2. CO2 Sequestration terms as CO2 capture. In the atmosphere capture carbon dioxide through chemical process and physical process. This process is not new and used by petroleum, petrochemical, chemical and power industries. Carbon dioxide Sequestration Technology involves the process of extracting, separating, transporting and storage. Carbon dioxide emissions can be preventing before release into the atmosphere. By this, global warming can be defer and dangerous climate change can be stop. The most important challenges that should be considered are regulatory, political, technical and economical
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Harrison, Bob, and Gioia Falcone. "Carbon capture and sequestration versus carbon capture utilisation and storage for enhanced oil recovery." Acta Geotechnica 9, no. 1 (September 26, 2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0235-6.
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Wang, Yixiao, Xiaolin Li, and Rui Liu. "The Capture and Transformation of Carbon Dioxide in Concrete: A Review." Symmetry 14, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14122615.
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Concrete is one of the most commonly used engineering materials in the world. Carbonation of cement-based materials balances the CO2 emissions from the cement industry, which means that carbon neutrality in the cement industry can be achieved by the carbon sequestration ability of cement-based materials. Carbon dioxide is a symmetrical molecule and is difficult to separate. This work introduces the important significance of CO2 absorption by using cement-based materials, and summarizes the basic characteristics of carbonation of concrete, including the affected factors, mathematical modeling carbonization, and the method for detecting carbonation. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, it mainly goes through carbon capture and carbon storage. As the first stage of carbon sequestration, carbon capture is the premise of carbon sequestration and determines the maximum amount of carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration with carbonization reaction as the main way has been studied a lot, but there is little attention to carbon capture performance. As an effective way to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of cement-based materials, increasing the total amount of carbon sequestration can become a considerably important research direction.
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Jones, Christopher W, and Edward J Maginn. "Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture and Sequestration." ChemSusChem 3, no. 8 (August 17, 2010): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000235.
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Rhee, Jae Seong, and Janjit Iamchaturapatr. "Carbon capture and sequestration by a treatment wetland." Ecological Engineering 35, no. 3 (March 2009): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.10.008.
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Sanchez, Daniel L., Nils Johnson, Sean T. McCoy, Peter A. Turner, and Katharine J. Mach. "Near-term deployment of carbon capture and sequestration from biorefineries in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 19 (April 23, 2018): 4875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719695115.
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Capture and permanent geologic sequestration of biogenic CO2 emissions may provide critical flexibility in ambitious climate change mitigation. However, most bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technologies are technically immature or commercially unavailable. Here, we evaluate low-cost, commercially ready CO2 capture opportunities for existing ethanol biorefineries in the United States. The analysis combines process engineering, spatial optimization, and lifecycle assessment to consider the technical, economic, and institutional feasibility of near-term carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Our modeling framework evaluates least cost source–sink relationships and aggregation opportunities for pipeline transport, which can cost-effectively transport small CO2 volumes to suitable sequestration sites; 216 existing US biorefineries emit 45 Mt CO2 annually from fermentation, of which 60% could be captured and compressed for pipeline transport for under $25/tCO2. A sequestration credit, analogous to existing CCS tax credits, of $60/tCO2 could incent 30 Mt of sequestration and 6,900 km of pipeline infrastructure across the United States. Similarly, a carbon abatement credit, analogous to existing tradeable CO2 credits, of $90/tCO2 can incent 38 Mt of abatement. Aggregation of CO2 sources enables cost-effective long-distance pipeline transport to distant sequestration sites. Financial incentives under the low-carbon fuel standard in California and recent revisions to existing federal tax credits suggest a substantial near-term opportunity to permanently sequester biogenic CO2. This financial opportunity could catalyze the growth of carbon capture, transport, and sequestration; improve the lifecycle impacts of conventional biofuels; support development of carbon-negative fuels; and help fulfill the mandates of low-carbon fuel policies across the United States.
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Della Moretta, Davide, and Jonathan Craig. "Carbon capture and storage (CCS)." EPJ Web of Conferences 268 (2022): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226800005.
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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an important tool for the decarbonization of the energy system to achieve the mid-century global climate change targets. CO2 is captured using different industrial processes that involve membrane filtering or enhanced combustion. The CO2 is then transported, preferably by pipeline, to a storage site where it is injected into a permeable reservoir. Sealing capacity of the storage site is of paramount importance for safe CO2 sequestration, to avoid any geological leakage. Each CCS project must have a dedicated MMV (Measurement, Monitoring and Verification) programme to ensure conformance with the expected evolution of the CO2 plume and its containment within the storage site. Eni is committed to the implementation of CCS, with several ongoing projects.
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Ganjdanesh, Reza, Steven L. Bryant, Raymond L. Orbach, Gary A. Pope, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "Coupled Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Energy Production From Geopressured/Geothermal Aquifers." SPE Journal 19, no. 02 (May 23, 2013): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163141-pa.
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Summary The current approach to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) from pulverized-coal-fired power plants is not economically viable without either large subsidies or a very high price on carbon. Current schemes require roughly one-third of a power-plant's energy for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and pressurization. The production of energy from geopressured aquifers has evolved as a separate, independent technology from the sequestration of CO2 in deep, saline aquifers. A game-changing new idea is described here that combines the two technologies and adds another—the dissolution of CO2 into extracted brine that is then reinjected. A systematic investigation covering a range of conditions was performed to explore the best strategy for the coupled process of CO2 sequestration and energy production. Geological models of geopressured/geothermal aquifers were developed with available data from studies of Gulf Coast aquifers. These geological models were used to perform compositional reservoir simulations of realistic processes with coupled aquifer and wellbore models.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)"
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Alexandrakis, Mary-Irene, and Bret S. (Bret Sanford) Smart. "Marine transportation for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60794.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
The objective of this report is to determine whether opportunities to use liquefied carbon dioxide carriers as part of a carbon capture and storage system will exist over the next twenty years. Factors that encourage or discourage the use of vessels are discussed. This study concludes that liquefied carbon dioxide carriers can potentially be used in both the near and long term under different sets of circumstances.
by Mary-Irene Alexandrakis and Bret S. Smart.
S.M.in Transportation
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Narain, Mudit. "Pathways to adoption of carbon capture and sequestration in India : technologies and policies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39279.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).
India is the world's second most populous country with a rapidly growing economy and increasing emissions. With the imminent threat of anthropogenic climate change in the coming decades, helping to control India's emissions will have to be a global priority. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can play a pivotal role in reducing India's emissions in the future, given India's reliance on coal power and the large coal reserves. The motivation for this dissertation is the need to ascertain the current situation and conditions relevant to carbon capture in India so as to help guide the processes to prepare for large scale adoption if desired in the future. For carbon capture to be undertaken at a significant scale, various pieces will have to fall in to place in sync with each other. The technological capability would have to be complemented by adequate geological capacity under the umbrella of the right policies. Adoption of carbon capture would need a tailored approach for each country and for a diverse country the size of India, these approaches may need to be customized even locally to each region.
(cont.) The objective of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the opportunities, issues and challenges amongst the stakeholders regarding CCS in India regarding the capacity, political structures and policies. To address the objective, this dissertation analyzes the current power and coal sector situations, geological capacity for sequestration in India, the political decision making structures and the current views of the relevant civil servants in this field. At the end, there are some recommendations for the government of India and the international climate and CCS community to make conditions conducive for CCS in India.
by Mudit Narain.
S.M.
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Ereira, Eleanor Charlotte. "Assessing early investments in low carbon technologies under uncertainty : the case of Carbon Capture and Storage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59674.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-106).
Climate change is a threat that could be mitigated by introducing new energy technologies into the electricity market that emit fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We face many uncertainties that would affect the demand for each of these technologies in the future. The costs of these technologies decrease due to learning-by-doing as their capacity is built out. Given that we face uncertainties over future energy demands for particular technologies, and that costs reduce with experience, an important question that arises is whether policy makers should encourage early investments in technologies before they are economically competitive, so that they could be available in the future at lower cost should they be needed. If society benefits from early investments when future demands are uncertain, then there is an option value to investing today. This question of whether option values exist is investigated by focusing on Coal-fired Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a case study of a new high-cost energy technology that has not yet been deployed at commercial scale. A decision analytic framework is applied to the MIT Emissions Prediction Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model that captures the feedback effects across different sectors of the economy, and measures the costs of meeting emissions targets. Three uncertainties are considered in constructing a decision framework: the future stringency of the US GHG emissions policy, the size of the US gas resource, and the cost of electricity from Coal with CCS. The decision modeled is whether to begin an annual investment schedule in Coal with CCS technology for 35 years. Each scenario in the decision framework is modeled in EPPA, and the output measure of welfare is used to compare the welfare loss to society of meeting the emissions target for each case. The decision framework is used to find which choice today, whether to invest in CCS or not, gives the smallest welfare cost and is therefore optimal for society. Sensitivity analysis on the probabilities of the three uncertainties is carried out to determine the conditions under which CCS investment is beneficial, and when it is not. The study finds that there are conditions, specified by ranges in probabilities for the uncertainties, where early investment in CCS does benefit society. The results of the decision analysis demonstrate that the benefits of CCS investment are realized in the latter part of the century, and so the resulting optimal decision depends on the choice of discount rate. The higher the rate, the smaller the benefit from investment until a threshold is reached where choosing to invest becomes the more costly decision. The decision of whether to invest is more sensitive to some uncertainties investigated than others. Specifically, the size of the US gas resource has the least impact, whereas the stringency of the future US GHG emissions policy has the greatest impact. This thesis presents a new framework for considering investments in energy technologies before they are economically competitive. If we can make educated assumptions as to the real probabilities we face, then extending this framework to technologies beyond CCS and expanding the decision analysis, would allow policymakers to induce investment in energy technologies that would enable us to meet our emissions targets at the lowest cost possible to society.
by Eleanor Charlotte Ereira.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Chakroun, Nadim Walid. "Techno-economic analysis of sour gas oxy-fuel combustion power cycles for carbon capture and sequestration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92148.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 217-222).
The world's growing energy demand coupled with the problem of global warming have led us to investigate new energy sources that can be utilized in a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions than traditional fossil fuel power plants. One of these unconventional fuels is sour gas. Sour gas consists of mainly methane, containing large concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Over 30% of the world's natural gas reserves are considered sour. However this unusual fuel poses many challenges due to the toxic and corrosive nature of the combustion products. One of the most promising technologies for carbon capture and sequestration is oxy-fuel combustion. This involves separating the nitrogen from air prior to the combustion itself. Then, after combustion, we separate the water and other substances and can use the resulting carbon dioxide stream for enhanced oil recovery representing an added economic benefit of this system. Firing temperatures for pure oxygen combustion can reach values up to 2500° C, which is well above what the combustor can handle. Therefore a diluent has to be added to reduce the temperature back to appropriate levels, but the key question is how this impacts the efficiency and performance of the entire cycle. Hence, if feasible, the use of sour gas in an oxy-fuel power plant could potentially allow us to harness the economic and environmental potential of this unconventional fuel. Depending on the cycle configuration, water or carbon dioxide can be used as diluents to control the flame temperature in the combustion process. All of these cycle types were modeled and the cycles' performances and emissions were studied. When the working fluid condenses in the cycle, sulfuric acid is formed due the presence of SO, compounds, which causes corrosion and can damage power plant components. Therefore, either expensive acid resistant materials should be used, or a redesign of the cycle is required to overcome this challenge. Different options were explored for each of the cycle types mentioned to help in the visualization and performance prediction of possible sour gas oxy-fuel power cycle configurations. A cost analysis of the proposed systems was also conducted in order to provide preliminary levelized cost of electricity estimates.
by Nadim Walid Chakroun.
S.M.
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Kritzinger, Liaan Rudolf. "Establishing a pilot plant facility for post combustion carbon dioxide capture studies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80143.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is seen as one of the main contributors to global warming. The use of fossil fuels for power production leads to large quantities of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. The released CO2 can, however, be captured by retrofitting capture units downstream from the power plant called Post Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capturing. Post combustion CO2 capture can involve the reactive absorption of CO2 from the power plant flue gas steam. Reactive solvents, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), are used for capturing the CO2 and the solvent is regenerated in a desorber unit where the addition of heat drives the reverse reaction, releasing the captured CO2. However, the large energy requirement for solvent regeneration reduces the viability of employing CO2 capture on an industrial scale. This study focused on establishing a facility for CO2 capture studies – the main aim being the construction and validation of the results produced by the pilot plant facility. A secondary aim of this study was developing an Aspen Plus® Simulation method that would simplify simulating the complex CO2 capture process. Results from the simulation were to be compared to that of the pilot plant experiments. A pilot plant facility with a closed gas system, allowing gas recycling from both the absorber and the stripping columns, was set up. The absorber column (internal diameter = 0.2 m) was set up to allow one to obtain information regarding gas- and liquid temperatures and compositions at various column heights. Online gas analysers are used for analysing the gas composition at various locations in the absorber column. The pilot plant was initially commissioned with 20 weight % MEA in aqueous solution; however the main validation experiments were conducted with 30 weight % MEA in aqueous solution. 30 weight % MEA (aq) is generally used as the reference solvent for pilot plant studies. Pilot plant results with regards to the carbon dioxide concentration profiles for the absorber column as well as the regeneration energy requirement and capture rates compared well to literature data. The Aspen Plus® simulation was also set up and validated using published pilot plant data. The comparison of the pilot plant results from this study, to the results from the Aspen Plus® Simulation, showed good agreement between the two. The Aspen Plus® Simulation could further be used to validate pilot plant data that has been gathered outside the range of reported CO2 capture efficiencies. The Aspen Plus®model was evaluated at liquid-to-gas ratios of 1.7 and regeneration energies matching the pilot plant results. It was found that the model under predicts the capture efficiency of CO2 with an average of 4.0%. The model was corrected for this error at liquid-to-gas ratios of 2 and the fit of the model to pilot plant results improved considerably (R2-value = 0.965). Pilot plant repeatability was investigated with both 20 weight %- and 30 weight % MEA in aqueous solution. Temperature- and gas concentration profiles from the absorber column showed good repeatability. The maximum deviation of the regeneration energy and the capture efficiency from the calculation means were ±0.72% and ±1.40% respectively. The aims of this study have been met by establishing, and validating the results of a pilot plant facility for carbon dioxide capture studies. It has been shown that the pilot plant produces repeatable results. Results from the Aspen Plus® Simulation were validated and also match results from the established pilot plant setup. The simulation may prove to provide valuable information regarding the optimal operating conditions for the pilot plant and may aid in performing a full parametric study on the CO2 capture process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Koolstofdioksied (CO2) word geklassifiseer as een van die bekendste kweekhuisgasse wat ʼn groot bydra lewer tot aardverwarming. Die gebruik van fossielbrandstowwe om na die energiebehoeftes van die mens om te sien lei daartoe dat groot hoeveelhede koolstofdioksied, hoofsaaklik vanaf kragstasies, vrygestel word in die atmosfeer. Daar is verskeie maniere hoe die CO2 uit die uitlaatgas van kragstasies verwyder kan word – die vernaamste hiervan is bekend as die Na-verbranding opvangs metode. Die opvangs van CO2 na verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe vir kragproduksie kan vermag word deur van reaktiewe absorpsie tegnieke gebruik te maak. Mono-etanol-amien (MEA) kan vir hierdie doeleindes aangewend word deur dit, in ʼn absorpsiekolom, in kontak te bring met die CO2. Die gereageerde oplosmiddel word geregenereer deur die oplosmiddel te verhit in ʼn stropingskolom. ʼn Bykans suiwer CO2 stroom word vrygestel. Die implementering van hierdie opvangtegniek op industriële skaal lei egter tot groot energieverliese vir die kragstasies. Die hoofrede hiervoor is die hoeveelheid energie wat benodig word om die oplosmiddel te regenereer vir hergebruik. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was gemik op die oprigting en inwerkstelling van 'n navorsingsfasiliteit vir studies aangaande die na-verbranding opvangs van CO2. Dit het behels die ontwerp, konstruksie en stawing van gelewerde resultate met resultate in die literatuur. 'n Sekondêre doel van hierdie studie was die metode-ontwikkeling vir die opstel van 'n Aspen Plus® Model wat die simulasie van die CO2 opvangsproses met ʼn reaktiewe oplosmiddel, MEA, vereenvoudig. Gesimuleerde resultate is vergelyk met resultate uit die literatuur. Die toetsaanleg, met 'n geslote gas stelsel, maak voorsiening vir die hersirkulering van gas wat vir eksperimentele doeleindes gebruik word. Die absorpsie kolom (interne diameter van 0,2 m) is opgestel sodat informasie aangaande die gas- en vloeistof temperature, sowel as gas- en vloeistof komposisies vanaf verskillende kolomhoogtes, bekom kan word. ʼn Aanlyn CO2 analiseerder word gebruik om vir CO2 in die prosesgas te analiseer. Die toetsaanleg is aanvanklik in bedryf gestel met ʼn 20 massa % MEA in waterige oplossing; die hoof eksperimente is egter uitgevoer deur van 30 massa % MEA in waterige oplossing gebruik te maak. Die laasgenoemde oplosmiddel word algemeen gebruik in die CO2 opvangs verwante navorsingsveld. Die resultate van die toetsaanleg, vergelyk goed met resultate in die literatuur. Die gesimuleerde Aspen Plus® resultate is ook vergelyk met resultate in die literatuur en die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die simulasie gebruik kan word om redelike akkurate voorspellings van die werklike prosesresultate te gee. Die simulasie is verder ook gebruik om resultate, verkry vanaf die opgerigte toetsaanleg, te verifieer en ʼn goeie ooreenstemming tussen die gesimuleerde en die eksperimentele resultate is waargeneem. ʼn Verder gevolgtrekking aangaan die Aspen Plus® simulasie metode was dat dit in die toekoms ʼn groot doel kan dien in die optimeringsproses van toetsaanlegte waar navorsing aangaande die na-verbranding opvang van CO2 gedoen word. Die Aspen Plus® model is geëvalueer by ‘n vloeistof-tot-gas-verhouding van 1,7 en ooreenstemmende toetsaanleg resultate, aangaande die hoeveelheid energie wat ingesit is vir die regenerasie van die oplosmiddel. Die onakkuraathede in die model, met betrekking tot die voorspelling van die hoeveelheid CO2 wat vasgevang sal word, is hierdeur bepaal en die model is daarvoor aangepas. Resultate van die verbeterde model vergelyk baie goed met die toetsaanleg resultate – ʼn R2-waarde van 0.965. Die herhaalbaarheid van die toetsaanleg resultate is ondersoek en ʼn goeie herhaalbaarheid van die temperatuur- en CO2 konsentrasieprofiele is verkry. Die toetsaanleg dui ook goeie herhaalbaarheid met betrekking tot die effektiwiteit waarmee die CO2 uit ʼn gasstroom verwyder word (± 1,40%), sowel as die hoeveelheid energie wat benodig word vir regenerering van die oplosmiddel (± 0,72%). Die doelwitte van hierdie studie is bereik deur die oprigting en verifiëring van resultate gelewer deur 'n toetsaanleg vir studies aangaande die na-verbrandingsopvang van CO2. Die herhaalbaarheid van toetaanleg resultate is bewys. Resultate van die Aspen Plus® simulasie stem ooreen met resultate in die literatuur sowel as resultate van die toetsaanleg wat opgerig is in hierdie studie.
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Hamilton, Michael Roberts. "An analytical framework for long term policy for commercial deployment and innovation in carbon capture and sequestration technology in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59685.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-140).
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology has the potential to be a key CO2 emissions mitigation technology for the United States. Several CCS technology options are ready for immediate commercial-scale demonstration, but three obstacles to commercial deployment remain: the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework for sequestration, the lack of a demonstration phase, and most importantly, the lack of a market for CCS. A successful demonstration phase will achieve the goal of technology readiness. The demonstration phase should be organized so as to share costs and risks between public and private actors. Project selection responsibility should be assigned to a dedicated private board and project management responsibility to private companies. This analysis recommends a combination of the Boucher Bill proposal for a CCS demonstration phase, as incorporated in the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES Act) of 2009, and a continuation of the DOE Clean Coal Power Initiative program. This combined approach can provide productive competition between public and private demonstration programs. Achieving technology readiness will not on its own lead to commercial deployment of CCS. Two additional policy objectives for the commercial deployment phase are considered: market penetration and cost reduction. Market penetration can be ensured through strong market pull policies, but this may be a very expensive policy approach in the long run. A more prudent goal is long-term cost reduction of CCS. Unlike the market penetration goal, the cost reduction goal will not guarantee that CCS will become a major contributor to carbon emissions mitigation, but it will provide a more cost-effective path. Achieving the cost reduction goal will require strong market pull policies for the short and medium term, together with a focus on technology push policies over the entire period. In the long term, market pull policies for CCS should be eliminated; if CCS is not economically competitive with alternative technologies, it should not be deployed on a significant scale. The ACES Act provides a good policy framework to achieve technology readiness through a demonstration phase and to pursue the long-term goal of cost reduction for commercial deployment of CCS technology. This approach will provide a cost-effective strategy for ensuring that CCS, a major scalable option for carbon emissions mitigation, is given the best chance of success in the long term.
by Michael Roberts Hamilton.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Ebune, Guilbert Ebune. "Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plant Flue Gas using Regenerable Activated Carbon Powder Impregnated with Potassium Carbonate." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1221227267.
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Shu, Gary. "Economics and policies for carbon capture and sequestration in the western United States : a marginal cost analysis of potential power plant deployment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62874.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a technology that can significantly reduce power sector greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from coal-fired power plants. CCS technology is currently in development and requires higher construction and operating costs than is currently competitive in the private market. A question that policymakers and investors have is whether a CCS plant will operate economically and be able to sell their power output once built. One way of measuring this utilization rate is to calculate capacity factors of possible CCS power plants. To investigate the economics of CCS generation, a marginal cost dispatch model was developed to simulate the power grid in the Western Interconnection. Hypothetical generic advanced coal power plants with CCS were inserted into the power grid and annual capacity factor values were calculated for a variety of scenarios, including a carbon emission pricing policy. I demonstrate that CCS power plants, despite higher marginal costs due to the operating costs of the additional capture equipment, are competitive on a marginal cost basis with other generation on the power grid at modest carbon emissions prices. CCS power plants were able to achieve baseload level capacity factors with $10 to $30 per ton-CO2 prices. However, for investment in CCS power plants to be economically competitive requires that the higher capital costs be recovered over the plant lifetime, which only occurs at much higher carbon prices. To cover the capital costs of first-of-the-kind CCS power plants in the Western Interconnection, carbon emissions prices have been calculated to be much higher, in the range of $130 to $145 per ton-CO2 for most sites in the initial scenario. Two sites require carbon prices of $65 per ton-CO2 or less to cover capital costs. Capacity factors and the impact of carbon prices vary considerably by plant location because of differences in spare transmission capacity and local generation mix.
by Gary Shu.
M.C.P.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Dalton, Terra Ann. "Heterogeneity of Ohio’s Saline Reservoirs: Feldspar Abundance and its Effects on Carbon Sequestration." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313433616.
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Osman, Khalid. "Carbon dioxide capture methods for industrial sources." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3698.
Full textAbstract:
In order to reduce the rate of climate change, particularly global warming, it is imperative that
industries reduce their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
A promising solution of CO2 emission reduction is Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)
by sequestration, which involves isolating and extracting CO2 from the flue gases of various
industrial processes, and thereafter burying the CO2 underground.
The capture of CO2 proved to be the most challenging aspect of CCS. Thus, the objective of this
research was to identify the most promising solution to capture CO2 from industrial processes.
The study focussed on capturing CO2 emitted by coal power plants, coal-to-liquids (CTL) and
gas-to-liquids (GTL) industries, which are common CO2 emitters in South Africa.
This thesis consists firstly of an extensive literature review detailing the above mentioned
processes, the modes of CO2 capture, and the various CO2 capture methods that are currently
being investigated around the world, together with their benefits and drawbacks in terms of
energy penalty, CO2 loading, absorption rate, capture efficiency, investment costs, and operating
costs. Modelling, simulation, and pilot plant efforts are also described.
The study reviewed many CO2 capture techniques including solvent absorption, sorbent capture,
membrane usage, hydrate formation, and newly emerging capture techniques such as enzyme
based systems, ionic liquids, low temperature cryogenics, CO2 anti-sublimation, artificial
photosynthesis, integrated gasification steam cycle (IGSC), and chemical looping combustion
The technique of solvent absorption was found to be the most promising for South African
industries. Vapour-liquid-equilibrium (VLE) measurements of solvent absorption using amine
blends were undertaken, using blends of methyl-diethanol amine (MDEA), diethanol amine
(DEA) and water (H2O) with composition ratios of 25: 25: 50 wt% and 30: 20: 50 wt%
respectively, and with CO2 and N2 gases at CO2 partial pressures of 0.5 to 10.5 bar. Experiments
were conducted under system pressures of 5 to 15 bar and temperatures of 363.15 and 413.15 K,
using a static analytic apparatus. CO2 liquid loading results were analysed and discussed.
The experimental data were regressed in Matlab (R2009b) using the Posey-Tapperson-Rochelle
model and the Deshmukh-Mather model. The Matlab programmes are presented along with the
regressed binary interaction and model parameters. The accuracy of model predictions are
discussed.
Thereafter an Electrolyte-NRTL model regression and simulation of the absorption process was
conducted using Aspen Plus V 7.1. for flue gas compositions, solvent compositions,
temperature, and pressure conditions similar to that of process operating conditions. CO2
loading, design factors, CO2 recovery, and CO2 purity results were analysed and compared where appropriate, with experimental results. Finally a general preliminary energy efficiency
and cost analysis was conducted based on the simulation results.
The main conclusions reached are that the amine solvent blend containing 25:25:50 wt% of
MDEA:DEA:H2O, produced higher CO2 loadings for its respective system conditions than other
solvents studied and those found in literature. However, absorption of CO2 was found to be
highly dependent on system temperature and pressure.
The Deshmukh-Mather model provided higher accuracy than the Posey-Tapperson-Rochelle
model, producing CO2 loading predictions with a relative error not exceeding 0.04%, in 1.5 to 3
minutes using a dual core processor.
Aspen absorption simulations provided significantly lower CO2 loading results than those
experimentally obtained, due to the low contact time achieved and higher temperature
dependence in the proposed absorption process. Process improvements were highlighted and
implemented to increase CO2 recovery and purity. Energy penalty values were found to be
higher than those found in literature, but room for process and design improvement was
identified and recommendations were given. Investment cost estimates were found to be
justifiable and within reason. Limitations of the simulation were also identified and discussed.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
Books on the topic "Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)"
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Wilcox, Jennifer. Carbon Capture. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.
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Wilcox, Jennifer. Carbon Capture. Springer, 2012.
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Wilcox, Jennifer. Carbon Capture. Springer, 2014.
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Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide Capture: Solid Oxygen- and CO2-Carriers. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)"
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Kroumov, Alexander Dimitrov, Maya Margaritova Zaharieva, Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele, Vessela Balabanova, and Hristo Najdenski. "Engineering Challenges of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration by Cyanobacteria." In Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria, 351–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4873-1_16.
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Takeda, Shutaro, Andrew John Chapman, and Hoseok Nam. "CO2 Removal Using the Sun and Forest: An Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of a Solar & Biomass Hybrid Carbon Capture and Sequestration Plant." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 371–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_24.
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"Carbon Capture and Sequestration." In Pollution Control Handbook for Oil and Gas Engineering, 223–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119117896.ch18.
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"Land Use and Geo-Engineering." In Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration, 519–42. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781783263295_0011.
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Duque, J., A. P. F. D. Barbosa-Póvoa, and A. Q. Novais. "CO2 Sustainable Recovery Network Cluster for Carbon Capture and Sequestration." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1190–94. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-54298-4.50017-9.
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Anekwe, Ifeanyi Michael Smarte, Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh, Stephen Akpasi, Samaila Joel Atuman, Edward Kwaku Armah, and Yusuf Makarfi Isa. "Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration technologies – current perspective, challenges and prospects." In Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science, 481–516. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99429-3.00034-5.
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d’Amore, Federico, Nixon Sunny, Diana Iruretagoyena, Fabrizio Bezzo, and Nilay Shah. "Optimising European supply chains for carbon capture, transport and sequestration, including uncertainty on geological storage availability." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 199–204. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818634-3.50034-5.
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Geissler, Caleb H., Eric G. O’Neill, and Christos T. Maravelias. "Towards Efficient Bioenergy Systems: Understanding the Role of Soil Sequestration, Supply Chain Design, and Carbon Capture." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 913–18. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95879-0.50153-3.
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Kamugisha, Proscovia Paschal, and Sebastian Faustin Mhanga. "Using Artificial Intelligence in Agroforestry as an Economic Solution for Carbon Recycling in Tanzania." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–32. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4649-2.ch001.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic activities intensify greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. The emissions lead to air pollution, public health risks, and climate change vagaries. Global deaths due to air pollution amounted to 15 deaths/minute in 2016. Moreover, floods, storms, and droughts accounted for 59%, 26%, and 15% respectively of crop losses between 2003 and 2013. Carbon recycling is among efforts to curb GHG which form 75% of GHG. The recycling methods include carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon capture and utilization (CCU) and carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCUS). However, these methods are too expensive for developing countries like Tanzania. Agroforestry is a cost-effective carbon recycler compared to other solutions. Besides, the Neem tree has a higher capacity of sequestering carbon at an average of 161% compared to other tree species in the tropics. Application of artificial intelligence can intensify Neem tree-based farming to hasten carbon sequestration.
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Zhou, Chengchuan, Pei Liu, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos. "Superstructure-Based Optimal Design of Pipeline Network for CO2 Transport in Large-Scale Carbon Capture and Sequestration." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 225–52. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63472-6.00009-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Carbon capture engineering (excl. sequestration)"
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Lilian, Simiyu E., and Sandra Konez. "Innovations in Carbon (iv) Oxide Capture and Sequestration for Operations, Engineering and Technology." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2572863-ms.
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ABSTRACT Fossil fuel combustion supplies more than 85% of energy for industrial activities and thus it is the main source of greenhouse gases in the form of CO2. This is expected to remain unchanged for a long time as the world energy consumption doubles. Renewable energy is often a better option since it is environmental friendly but its technologies are not financially available for most countries. Carbon (iv)oxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is necessary for meaningful greenhouse gases reduction in the immediate future. CCS could reduce emissions by 19%. This is an important bridge between our lifestyle and an environmental friendly world. The components of CCS system include; capture (separation and compression), transport, injection and finally monitoring. Power plants which are gas and coal fired are the main source of CO2. Other candidate sources include; cement production plants, refineries, petrochemical industries, oil and gas processing firms and natural gas wells The methods of capturing CO2 are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-combustion/oxy-fuel. Possible sequestration places for the captured CO2 include; geological storage, for example depleted oil and gas reservoir, enhanced oil recovery, un-minable coal seams and deep saline formations, ocean storage, mineral carbonation and algal growth. Each of the methods above have their advantages and shortcomings as discussed in the research paper. CO2 can be utilized in various ways like, conversion into renewable fuels, formic acid, syngas, methane and methanol, utilizing CO2 as a feedstock for organic and inorganic carbonates, urea and biodegradable polymers as well as non-conversion use of CO2 for example as a geothermal fluid, used in enhanced oil recovery and beverage making. The challenges of CCS are; high cost of capture transport and injection, environmental and safety, subsurface uncertainty, legal and regulatory issues. Trappings contribute to storage of CO2 in a site. They include; Structural and stratigraphic, residual, solubility, mineral trappings. In conclusion, an approach that integrates different methods of capture and storage of CO2 may be a practical solution for CCS.
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Chavez, Rosa-Hilda, Javier de J. Guadarrama, and Abel Hernandez-Guerrero. "Exergy Analysis of the Sequestration of CO2 Emissions." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66534.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon dioxide capture from flue gas using amine-based CO2 capture technology requires huge amounts of energy mostly in the form of heat. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining the heat required for amine absorption for a particular recovery of carbon dioxide for a given a set of equipment specifications and operating conditions from the process and to develop a model that simulates the removal of CO2 using Monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption from flue gas and design a process that will minimize the energy of CO2 capture with Aspen Plus™ will be used. A very useful procedure for analyzing a process is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concepts of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes.
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Zachary, Justin, and Sara Titus. "CO2 Capture and Sequestration Options: Impact on Turbo-Machinery Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50642.
Full textAbstract:
In the present climate of uncertainty about CO2 emissions legislation, owners and power plant planners are looking into the possibility of accommodating “add on” carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) solutions in their current plant designs. The variety of CCS technologies currently under development makes it a very challenging task. This paper initially discusses the more mature post-combustion CCS technologies, such as chemical absorption, and the associated equipment requirements in terms of layout, integration within the generating plant, and auxiliary power consumption. The analysis addresses both supercritical coal-fired as well as combined cycle plants. Plant configuration details and various operational scenarios are evaluated. The issues related to balance-of-plant systems, including water treatment, availability and redundancy criteria, are also offered. Continuing the paper presents a number of options for pre-combustion processes such as oxy-fuel combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) water-shift CO conversion to CO2. The impacts of several processes that only partially capture carbon are also evaluated from an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor’s perspective as plant designer and integrator. Finally, the paper presents several examples of studies in development by Bechtel where a neutral but proactive technical approach was applied to achieve the best and most cost-effective solution.
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Huh, Cheol, Seong Gil Kang, Sup Hong, Jong Su Choi, Il Sung Moon, Chonn Ju Lee, Mang Ik Cho, and Jong Hwa Baek. "Onshore and Offshore Transport Process Design for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in a Marine Geological Structure." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80077.
Full textAbstract:
In response to climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, researchers are looking to marine geological storage of CO2 as one of the most promising options. Marine geological storage of CO2 involves the capture of CO2 from major point sources (such as a power plant) and the transport of CO2 to storage sites in marine geological structures such as a deep sea saline aquifer. Since 2005, we have developed relevant technologies for marine geological storage of CO2. Those technologies include possible storage site surveys and basic designs for CO2 transport and storage processes. To design a reliable CO2 marine geological storage system, we devised a hypothetical scenario and used a numerical simulation tool to study its detailed processes. The process of transport CO2 from the capture sites to the storage sites can be simulated with a thermodynamic equation of state. We compared and analyzed the relevant equation of state, including the Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling (BWRS), Peng-Robinson (PR), Peng-Robinson-Boston-Mathias (PRBM) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state. To evaluate the predictive accuracy of the equation of state, we compare the results of numerical calculations with experimental reference data. In a supercritical state (above 31.1°C and 73.9bar), which corresponds to the thermodynamic conditions of CO2 reservoir sites, the BWRS, PR, and PRBM equations of state showed a good predictive capability. On the other hand, the SRK equation of state showed a high error rate of 300% in the supercritical state. This paper analyzes the major design parameters that are useful for constructing onshore and offshore CO2 transport systems. On the basis of a parametric study of the hypothetical scenario, we suggest relevant variation ranges for the design parameters, particularly the flow rate, diameter, temperature, and pressure. Using the hypothetical scenario, we also studied how the thermodynamic conditions of CO2 affect on the fluid flow behavior and thermal characteristics of a pipeline transport system. In summary, this paper presents our analysis and deductions of the major design parameters that are useful for constructing onshore and offshore CO2 transport systems.
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Mishra, Srikanta, and Akhil Datta-Gupta. "Adapting Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Principles to Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CCS) and Hydrogen Underground Storage (HUS) Projects: Opportunities and Challenges." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210372-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), which combines capture of CO2 from large stationary sources with geological storage, has emerged as an attractive option for emissions reduction. Hydrogen underground storage (HUS) is viewed as an effective strategy for storing large volumes of surplus electrical energy from renewable sources. The objective of this paper is to discuss the opportunities and challenges for adapting petroleum reservoir engineering techniques for the subsurface aspects of CCS and HUS projects based on a critical review of field projects and conceptual studies. Areas of focus include: (a) storage resource estimation, injectivity analysis from field data, dynamic reservoir modeling, and coupled flow and geomechanics for CCS, and (b) well deliverability, dynamics of fluid withdrawal and reactive transdport of hydrogen in-situ for HUS projects. Specifically, our goal is to discuss how traditional workflows for oil and gas applications have been (or could be) modified for CCS projects in deep saline formations and HUS projects in salt caverns or aquifers. We also identify specific areas where reservoir engineering practitioners can add value in CCS and HUS related reservoir analysis and modeling.
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Rao, Dandina N., and Zaki A. Bassiouni. "Cost-Effective CO2 Sequestration Through Enhanced Oil Recovery." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17091.
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Abstract The five-year long United Nations campaign for the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere culminated in the Kyoto protocol of 1997. Since this Kyoto conference attended by nearly 160 nations, sequestration of carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and its storage and/or utilization have been receiving significantly enhanced attention. According to the US Department of Energy, very little research and development has been done in the United States on promising options that might address CO2 capture, reuse and storage technologies. An exception to this is the utilization of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery. Over a decade of industrial experience has accumulated at more than 70 enhanced oil recovery sites around the world where CO2 is injected to improve oil recovery from waterflooded reservoirs. The accumulated experience in the US, where about 32 million tons of CO2 per year are being utilized in EOR, has amply demonstrated that the retention of CO2 in the reservoir is very high when the original pressure is not exceeded. Thus, CO2 injected enhanced oil recovery presents itself as a mature field-tested technology for sequestering CO2 at a low net cost due to the revenues from recovered oil and gas. Much of the CO2-EOR experience to date in the US involves the use of high-purity carbon dioxide for conducting miscible floods in conventional crude oil reservoirs. Due to the high costs associated with supplying high-purity CO2 to the reservoir, this process has seen limited commercial success. However, the past research at LSU and elsewhere has amply demonstrated that impure CO2 was also effective in enhancing oil recoveries. This makes the abundant supply of flue gases from fossil-fuel combustion operations a viable and cost-effective option without the need for separating CO2 from the flue gas mixtures. This paper attempts to review and synthesize the literature dealing with geologic sequestration of CO2 in EOR projects. The available data are analyzed both from EOR and CO2 sequestration points of view.
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Parker, Marc A. "A Plan for Biomass Power Generation With Negative Carbon Emissions." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-65822.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Worldwide energy consumption is accelerating at an unprecedented rate while humanity comes to understand the effects of climate change. Renewable resources such as wind and solar supply more energy every year, but the overwhelming majority of energy consumed is still from fossil fuels. The transition to zero carbon emission sources is important, but carbon negative energy could also become necessary in ensuring a sustainable global environment and economy. The most technically and commercially viable carbon negative solution is biomass-fueled power generation with carbon capture and sequestration. A conceptual design based on a biomass-fired circulating fluidized-bed boiler and developed using the Thermoflex software package (Thermoflow, Inc.) is presented that can be evaluated and pursued by the research, engineering, and business communities. Recommendations are proposed for siting and fuel supply in the Southeastern U.S., with an evaluation of some of the impacts from wood harvesting, processing, and transportation to the lifecycle carbon emissions. An economic analysis of this carbon negative concept indicates that certain policy proposals in the U.S. could make biomass power generation with carbon capture and sequestration an economically feasible resource. Results show that an owner and/or the public could realize a net benefit of up to $332/MWh above and beyond marginal energy or capacity values under aggressive carbon pricing.
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Lee, Man Su, D. Yogi Goswami, Nikhil Kothurkar, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Immobilization of Calcium Oxide Absorbent on a Fibrous Alumina Mat for High Temperature Carbon Dioixde Capture." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54187.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission from its sources must be reduced to decrease the threat of global warming. Calcium oxide is considered as an effective carbon dioxide absorbent in biomass or coal gasification process as well as conventional power plants. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate which can be decomposed into the original oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature by calcination. In order to make this method practical for the carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, the performance of the calcium oxide absorbent must be maintained over a large number of carbonation/calcination cycles. For this reason, loss in the surface area of the absorbent due to pore plugging and sintering of particles in cyclic operation must be avoided. To prevent or minimize this problem, a simple and effective procedure for immobilization of calcium oxide on a fibrous alumina mat was developed in this study. The prepared samples were observed by SEM and the cyclic performance of the calcium oxide absorbent was evaluated by TGA experiments and compared to the previous studies in literature. 75% and 62% maximum carbonation conversions of the prepared absorbents with 23 wt % and 55 wt % calcium oxide content were achieved respectively and remained stable even after ten cycles whereas conversion in the literature data dropped steeply with the number of cycles.
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Tewari, Raj Deo, Chee Phuat Tan, and M. Faizal Sedaralit. "A Toolkit for Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage CCS." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22307-ms.
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Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, utilization, and storage is the best option for mitigating atmospheric emissions of CO2 and thereby controlling the greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Despite the benefits, there have been a limited number of projects solely for CO2 sequestration being implemented. The industry is well-versed in gas injection in reservoir formation for pressure maintenance and improving oil recovery. However, there are striking differences between the injection of CO2 into depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and the engineered storage of CO2. The differences and challenges are compounded when the storage site is karstified carbonate in offshore and bulk storage volume. It is paramount to know upfront that CO2 can be stored at a potential storage site and demonstrate that the site can meet required storage performance safety criteria. Comprehensive screening for site selection has been carried out for suitable CO2 storage sites in offshore Sarawak, Malaysia using geographical, geological, geophysical, geomechanical and reservoir engineering data and techniques for evaluating storage volume, container architecture, pressure, and temperature conditions. The site-specific input data are integrated into static and dynamic models for characterization and generating performance scenarios of the site. In addition, the geochemical interaction of CO2 with reservoir rock has been studied to understand possible changes that may occur during/after injection and their impact on injection processes/mechanisms. Novel 3-way coupled modelling of dynamic-geochemistry-geomechanics processes were carried out to study long-term dynamic behaviour and fate of CO2 in the formation. The 3-way coupled modelling helped to understand the likely state of injectant in future and the storage mechanism, i.e., structural, solubility, residual, and mineralized trapping. It also provided realistic storage capacity estimation, incorporating reservoir compaction and porosity/permeability changes. The study indicates deficient localized plastic shear strain in overburden flank fault whilst all the other flaws remained stable. The potential threat of leakage is minimal as target injection pressure is set at initial reservoir pressure, which is much lower than caprock breaching pressure during injection. Furthermore, it was found that the geochemical reaction impact is shallow and localized at the top of the reservoir, making the storage safe in the long term. The integrity of existing wells was evaluated for potential leakage and planned for a proper mitigation plan. Comprehensive measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) were also designed using state-of-art tools and dynamic simulation results. The understanding gaps are closed with additional technical work to improve technologies application and decrease the uncertainties. A comprehensive study for offshore CO2 storage projects identifying critical impacting elements is crucial for estimation, injection, containment, and monitoring CO2 plume. The information and workflow may be adopted to evaluate other CO2 projects in both carbonate and clastic reservoirs for long-term problem-free storage of greenhouse gas worldwide.
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Damm, David L., and Andrei G. Fedorov. "Design and Analysis of Zero CO2 Emission Powerplants for the Transportation Sector." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14172.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles provide a feasible pathway to elimination of CO2 emissions from the transportation sector if the hydrogen is produced from renewable energy sources, or the CO2 from hydrogen production is sequestered on a large scale. The lack of a hydrogen distribution infrastructure and the lack of dense hydrogen storage technology are fundamental roadblocks along this path. One alternative approach is to use a high energy-density liquid fuel (natural or synthetic, such as methanol) as an intermediate hydrogen carrier, and generate the hydrogen on demand in an onboard fuel processor. This demands, however, development of technologies for on-board CO2 capture, storage, and recycling to eliminate direct emission into the atmosphere. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of feasibility of on-board carbon dioxide sequestration as well as various process/design schemes for the hybrid power generation-CO2 sequestration system. The primary difficulty in capturing CO2 from small-scale power plants (such as the internal combustion engine) is the extremely diluted state of CO2 in the exhaust gases. In contrast, onboard fuel processors have the potential to provide a highly concentrated CO2 exhaust stream, which could be separated, liquefied, and stored onboard at ambient temperatures with a minimal energy penalty. Current research efforts in small scale fuel processing are focused on producing a hydrogen-rich (or pure) stream from liquid hydrocarbon fuel with high yield and at a sufficient rate to provide the necessary vehicle power. Very few efforts reported in the open literature also address the need to capture the byproduct CO2 that is produced. The additional requirement of CO2 capture calls for fundamental change in the fuel processing strategy and reformer design. Several process or design schemes for fuel processing are identified, which produce hydrogen while allowing for CO2 capture. For example, in autothermal reforming of hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels, catalytic reactions of the fuel with air yield a product stream (hydrogen and CO2) that is diluted with nitrogen. Under the added constraint of CO2 capture, advanced oxygen membranes could be used to supply pure oxygen rather than air to the reaction, resulting in a more concentrated, nitrogen-free product stream which is favorable for CO2 capture. Simultaneously, this improves the efficiency of downstream hydrogen purification and utilization processes; thus, the penalties associated with CO2 capture are partially offset. In a similar manner, steam reforming of liquid fuels may not be the most attractive fuel processing option for automotive applications without consideration of CO2 capture. However, because the product stream is never diluted with air, it becomes a very attractive option for integrated fuel processing/CO2 sequestration systems. Consideration of CO2 capture early in the design stages of the fuel processing system allows a portion of the energetic penalty for CO2 sequestration to be recovered. While the design, analysis, and demonstration of an integrated onboard fuel processor with CO2 capture and storage is the ultimate goal, this technology is relevant to all small-scale, distributed power generation applications and should be an integral part of future CO2 abatement strategies.