Journal articles: 'Carbon-based fillers'

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Krause, Beate, Piotr Rzeczkowski, and Petra Pötschke. "Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene Composites Containing Mixtures of Carbon-Based Fillers." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061073.

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Melt-mixed composites based on polypropylene (PP) with various carbon-based fillers were investigated with regard to their thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. The composites were filled with up to three fillers by selecting combinations of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), carbon fibers (CF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon black (CB), and graphite (G) at a constant filler content of 7.5 vol%. The thermal conductivity of PP (0.26 W/(m·K)) improved most using graphite nanoplatelets, whereas electrical resistivity was the lowest when using multiwalled CNT. Synergistic effects could be observed for different filler combinations. The PP composite, which contains a mixture of GNP, CNT, and highly structured CB, simultaneously had high thermal conductivity (0.5 W/(m·K)) and the lowest electrical volume resistivity (4 Ohm·cm).

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Srivastava, Suneel, and Yogendra Mishra. "Nanocarbon Reinforced Rubber Nanocomposites: Detailed Insights about Mechanical, Dynamical Mechanical Properties, Payne, and Mullin Effects." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110945.

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The reinforcing ability of the fillers results in significant improvements in properties of polymer matrix at extremely low filler loadings as compared to conventional fillers. In view of this, the present review article describes the different methods used in preparation of different rubber nanocomposites reinforced with nanodimensional individual carbonaceous fillers, such as graphene, expanded graphite, single walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and hybrid fillers consisting combination of individual fillers. This is followed by review of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young modulus, and fracture toughness) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, melting point) of these rubber nanocomposites. Finally, Payne and Mullin effects have also been reviewed in rubber filled with different carbon based nanofillers.

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Tonkov, D. N., M. I. Kobylyatskaya, E. S. Vasilyeva, A. V. Semencha, and V. E. Gasumyants. "Conductive properties of flexible polymer composites with different carbon-based fillers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2227, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2227/1/012022.

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Abstract This paper is devoted to the comparative study of conductive properties of three types of flexible polymer composites consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a matrix and graphite, graphene or single-walled carbon nanotubes as fillers. The dependences of the resistivity on the mass fraction of different fillers are measured and analyzed within the framework of the statistical percolation theory. The percolation parameters (the values of the percolation threshold and the critical exponent) are calculated for all studied composites. Their variation depending on the filler type is discussed, taking into account a geometric shape of filler particles and the nature of the conduction process in composites in the percolation range. The sensitivity of the resistivity of synthesized composites to axial deformation at different mass fraction of fillers is also investigated. Using graphite or graphene fillers is observed to result in a higher sensitivity compared to the carbon nanotubes filler. The highest value of the gauge factor is observed when using 23 mass.% graphene filler that indicates graphene/SBR composites to be most promising for creating strain sensors.

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Kim, Jin Bong, Sang Kwan Lee, and Chun Gon Kim. "Comparison of Carbon-Based Nano Materials as Conductive Fillers for Single Layer Microwave Absorber." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.837.

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In this paper, we have studied the permittivities of E-glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates containing three different types of carbon-based nano conductive fillers such as carbon black (CB), carbon nano fiber (CNF) and multi-wall carbon nano tube (MWNT). The measurements were performed for permittivities at the frequency band of 0.5 GHz ~ 18.0 GHz using a vector network analyzer with a 7 mm coaxial air line. The experimental results show that the complex permittivities of the composites depend strongly on the natures and concentrations of the conductive fillers. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities of the composites were proportional to the filler concentrations. But, depending on the types of fillers and frequency band, the increasing rates of the real and imaginary parts with respect to the filler concentrations were all different. At the frequency of 10 GHz, the rates in the CNF filled composite and the MWNT filled composite were much larger then those of the CB filled composite. Between the CNF filled composite and MWNT filled composite, however, the former showed a little higher increasing rates than the other. These different rates can have great effect on the thickness in designing the single layer microwave absorbers. The effect of the different rates was examined by using Cole-Cole plots; the plot is composed of a single layer absorber solution line and permittivity lines of these three types of composites.

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Sattayanurak, S., J. W. M. Noordermeer, K. Sahakaro, W. Kaewsakul, W. K. Dierkes, and A. Blume. "Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Synergistic Effects by Addition of Small Amounts of Secondary Fillers to Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5891051.

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Modern fuel-saving tire treads are commonly reinforced by silica due to the fact that this leads to lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip compared to carbon black-filled alternatives. The introduction of secondary fillers into the silica-reinforced tread compounds, often named hybrid fillers, may have the potential to improve tire performance further. In the present work, two secondary fillers organoclay nanofiller and N134 carbon black were added to silica-based natural rubber compounds at a proportion of silica/secondary filler of 45/10 phr. The compounds were prepared with variable mixing temperatures based on the mixing procedure commonly in use for silica-filled NR systems. The results of Mooney viscosity, Payne effect, cure behavior, and mechanical properties imply that the silica hydrophobation and coupling reaction of the silane coupling agent with silica and elastomer are significantly influenced by organoclay due to an effect of its modifier: an organic ammonium derivative. This has an effect on scorch safety and cure rate. The compounds where carbon black was added as a secondary filler do not show this behavior. They give inferior filler dispersion compared to the pure silica-filled compound, attributed to an inappropriate high mixing temperature and the high specific surface area of the carbon black used. The dynamic properties indicate that there is a potential to improve wet traction and rolling resistance of a tire tread when using organoclay as secondary filler, while the combination of carbon black in silica-filled NR does not change these properties.

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KIM, YESEUL, SE YOUN CHO, YOUNG SOO YUN, and HYOUNG-JOON JIN. "ELECTROCONDUCTIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON POLYURETHANE WITH MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2009): 3739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021776.

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In the present study, we prepared and characterized electrically conductive adhesives based on polyurethane filled with two kinds of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), viz. pristine MWCNTs and acid treated MWCNTs, respectively. The influence of the type of filler on the dispersibility within the polyurethane matrix and the corresponding electrical conductivity is investigated. The electrical conductivity of the prepared specimens was measured using a four-point probe. The morphology and dispersibility of the fillers were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

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Wu, Jia Wei, Rong Rong Qi, Xin Yu Ji, Ping Kai Jiang, Xiang Yang Wu, Xin Wei Wang, and Ping Wang. "Thermally Conductive Polypropylene/Graphite/Carbon Fiber Composites." Materials Science Forum 893 (March 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.893.12.

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The combination of different carbon-based fillers (commercial plate graphite (GR) and rod carbon fiber (CF)) were added as conductive fillers to improve the thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP). The effect of different ratio of carbon-based fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of GR/CF/PP composites was investigated in detail. A remarkable synergistic effect between GR and CF in improving thermal conductivity of PP composites has been achieved. The results show that the in-plane thermal conductivity rises to 2.8 W·(m·k)-1 at a GR/CF ratio of 5:1 (the total mass fraction of carbon-based fillers to 40wt%), which is 14 times as the thermal conductivity of pure PP (0.2 W·(m·k)-1) and also much higher than that of single filler composites.

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Kruželák, Ján, Andrea Kvasničáková, Klaudia Hložeková, Roderik Plavec, Rastislav Dosoudil, Marek Gořalík, Jarmila Vilčáková, and Ivan Hudec. "Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical Characteristics and EMI Absorption Shielding Effectiveness of Rubber Composites Based on Ferrite and Carbon Fillers." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172937.

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In this work, rubber composites were fabricated by incorporation of manganese-zinc ferrite alone and in combination with carbon-based fillers into acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Electromagnetic parameters and electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorption shielding effectiveness of composite materials were examined in the frequency range 1 MHz–3 GHz. The influence of ferrite and fillers combination on thermal characteristics and mechanical properties of composites was investigated as well. The results revealed that ferrite imparts absorption shielding efficiency to the composites in tested frequency range. The absorption shielding effectiveness and absorption maxima of ferrite filled composites shifted to lower frequencies with increasing content of magnetic filler. The combination of carbon black and ferrite also resulted in the fabrication of efficient EMI shields. However, the EMI absorption shielding effectiveness was lower, which can be ascribed to higher electrical conductivity and higher permittivity of those materials. The highest conductivity and permittivity of composites filled with combination of carbon nanotubes and ferrite was responsible for the lowest absorption shielding effectiveness within the examined frequency range. The results also demonstrated that combination of ferrite with carbon-based fillers resulted in the enhancement of thermal conductivity and improvement of mechanical properties.

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Bokobza, Liliane. "ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITES BASED ON NANOSPHERICAL PARTICLES AND CARBON NANOTUBES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.86983.

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ABSTRACT The reinforcement of elastomeric materials by addition of mineral fillers represents one of the most important aspects in the field of rubber science and technology. The improvement in mechanical properties arises from hydrodynamic effects depending mainly on the amount of filler and the aspect ratio of the particles and also on polymer–filler interactions depending on the surface characteristics of the filler particles and the chemical nature of the polymer. The past few years have seen the extensive use of nanometer-scale particles of different morphologies on account of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area that allow a considerable increase in mechanical properties even at very low filler loading. Among these nanoparticles, spherical particles (such as silica or titania) generated in situ by the sol-gel process and carbon nanotubes are typical examples of materials used as a nanosize reinforcing additive. Specific features of filled elastomers are discussed through the existing literature and through results of the author's research based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) filled with spherical silica or titania particles and on styrene–butadiene rubber filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes. The reinforcing ability of each type of filler is discussed in terms of morphology, state of dispersion (investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering), and mechanical and electrical properties. In addition, the use of molecular spectroscopies provides valuable information on the polymer–filler interface. Spherical silica and titania spherical particles are shown to exhibit two distinct morphologies, two different polymer–filler interfaces that influence the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The superiority of carbon nanotubes over carbon black for mechanical reinforcement and electrical conduction is mainly attributed to their large aspect ratio rather than to strong polymer–filler interactions. The use of hybrid fillers (carbon nanotubes in addition to carbon black or silica, for example) has been shown to give promising results by promoting an enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties with regard to each single filler.

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Chiu, Fang-Chyou, Kartik Behera, He-Jie Cai, and Yen-Hsiang Chang. "Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162626.

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Carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) individually or doubly served as reinforcing fillers in polycarbonate (PC)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-blend (designated CF)-based nanocomposites. Additionally, organo-montmorillonite (15A) was incorporated simultaneously with the individual carbon fillers to form hybrid filler nanocomposites. Microscopic images confirmed the selective localization of carbon fillers, mainly in the continuous PC phase, while 15A located in the PVDF domains. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that blending PVDF with PC or forming single/double carbon filler composites resulted in lower PVDF crystallization temperature during cooling. However, PVDF crystallization was promoted by the inclusion of 15A, and the growth of β-form crystals was induced. The rigidity of the CF blend increased after the formation of nanocomposites. Among the three individually added carbon fillers, GnPs improved the CF moduli the most; the simultaneous loading of CNT/GnP resulted in the highest moduli by up to 33%/46% increases in tensile/flexural moduli, respectively, compared with those of the CF blend. Rheological viscosity results showed that adding CNTs increased the complex viscosity of the blend to a greater extent than did adding CB or GnPs, and the viscosity further increased after adding 15A. The electrical resistivity of the blend decreased with the inclusion of carbon fillers, particularly with CNT loading.

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Caradonna, Andrea, Claudio Badini, Elisa Padovano, and Mario Pietroluongo. "Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy-Carbon Filler Composites Processed by Calendaring." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091522.

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Electrical and thermal conductivity of composites which contain carbon-based fillers in an epoxy matrix were investigated. The fillers were dispersed in the liquid matrix by using three roll mill equipment. The filler/matrix mixture was cast in a mold and then cured, thus obtaining composite specimens. Multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene-like nanoplatelets, and graphite were used as fillers and their effect on conductivity was investigated. Electrical and thermal conductivity were measured at different filler loads. It was found that the formation of percolation paths greatly enhanced electrical conductivity, although they were not so effective in improving thermal conductivity. The behavior of composites containing each single filler was compared with that of hybrid composites containing combinations of two different fillers. Results show that fillers with different aspect ratios displayed a synergetic effect resulting in a noticeable improvement of electrical conductivity. However, only a small effect on thermal conductivity was observed.

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Bai, Byong Chol, Dae-Wook Park, Hai Viet Vo, Samer Dessouky, and Ji Sun Im. "Thermal Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Modified with Conductive Fillers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/926809.

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This paper investigates the thermal properties of asphalt mixtures modified with conductive fillers used for snow melting and solar harvesting pavements. Two different mixing processes were adopted to mold asphalt mixtures, dry- and wet-mixing, and two conductive fillers were used in this study, graphite and carbon black. The thermal conductivity was compared to investigate the effects of asphalt mixture preparing methods, the quantity, and the distribution of conductive filler on thermal properties. The combination of conductive filler with carbon fiber in asphalt mixture was evaluated. Also, rheological properties of modified asphalt binders with conductive fillers were measured using dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer at grade-specific temperatures. Based on rheological testing, the conductive fillers improve rutting resistance and decrease thermal cracking resistance. Thermal testing indicated that graphite and carbon black improve the thermal properties of asphalt mixes and the combined conductive fillers are more effective than the single filler.

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Mikitaev, Muslim A., V. A. Borisov, Ismel V. Musov, Azamat L. Slonov, and Diana M. Khakulova. "Electrical Properties of Composites Based on Low-Pressure Polyethylene and Carbon-Containing Fillers." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.720.

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We have obtained polymer composites based on low-pressure polyethylene and carbon-containing fillers: carbon black, carbon nanotubes. The electrical properties of the obtained polymer composites have been investigated. Obtained polymer composites have electrically conductive properties. This article shows that the electrical properties significantly depend on the concentration, type of carbon-containing filler, as well as on temperature and voltage. It was found that containment of a certain amount of carbon-containing fillers leads to a formation of conductive paths composites, leading to the manifestation of a positive temperature coefficient in electrical resistance by the material.

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Ruskova, Kamelia. "Microwave absorbing materials based on hybrid filler." MATEC Web of Conferences 366 (2022): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236604002.

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Composite elastomer microwave absorbers were developed based on two-phase hybrid filler. Nanosized magnetite was synthesized for the first time in the porous texture of activated carbon. Combination of fillers with high dielectric losses such as active carbon, and magnetite with high magnetic losses into hybrid filler is considered as a new Hightech for generation of microwave absorbers with specific technical characteristics. The influence of the obtained filler on the microwave shielding effectiveness of composite rubber absorbers was examined. The fillers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method for the surface area analysis and texture parameters. The influence of the concentration of the synthesized filler on the microwave characteristics and shielding effectiveness was investigated.

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Riccucci, Giacomo, Lorenzo Pezzana, Simone Lantean, Alice Tori, Silvia Spriano, and Marco Sangermano. "Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity of Silicon-Base Composites: The Effect of Filler Materials and Characteristic on Thermo-Mechanical Response of Silicon Composite." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125663.

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Thermal conductivity is a key property in many applications from electronic to informatics. The interaction of fillers with Sylgard 184 was studied; this study explores new composites and the influence of metal particles (copper and nickel), carbon-based materials (carbon nanotubes and carbon black), and ceramic nanoparticles (boron nitride) as fillers to enhance thermal properties of silicon-based composites. The effect of the fillers on the final performances of the composite materials was evaluated. The influence of filler volume, dimension, morphology, and chemical nature is studied. Specifically, FT-IR analysis was used to evaluate curing of the polymer matrix. DSC was used to confirm the data and to further characterize the composites. Thermo-mechanical properties were studied by DMTA. The filler morphology was analyzed by SEM. Finally, thermal conductivity was studied and compared, enlightening the correlation with the features of the fillers. The results demonstrate a remarkable dependence among the type, size, and shape of the filler, and thermal properties of the composite materials. Underlining a that the volume filler influenced the thermal conductivity obtaining the best results with the highest added volume filler and higher positive impact on the k of the composites is reached with large particles and with irregular shapes. In contrast, the increase of filler amount affects the rigidity of the silicon-matrix, increasing the rigidity of the silicon-based composites.

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Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A., Omar A. Al-Hartomy, Falleh R. Al-Solamy, Nikolay Dishovsky, Petrunka Malinova, and Lako Lakov. "Characterization of hybrid fillers based on carbon black of different types obtained by impregnation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 7 (August 27, 2015): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420715602141.

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The paper presents the investigations on obtaining dual phase fillers with preset silica content running a successful impregnation of two completely different types of conventional carbon black with silicasol. The hybrid fillers studied were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. The total pore volume, the average pore diameter, the specific surface area, the oil absorption number, and iodine adsorption of the fillers were also investigated. The distribution of both phases within the hybrid filler obtained and their interpenetration were investigated with scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hybrid products obtained were investigated as reinforcing fillers of natural rubber-based composites. The results obtained show that the suggested impregnation with silicasol of conventional carbon black is a perspective method for preparation of carbon-silica dual phase fillers. The method provides an easy control over the quantitative ratio between the two phases. The fillers thus prepared do not change significantly the curing and mechanical characteristics of the vulcanizates, but improve their thermal aging resistance. The isolation of the carbon black aggregates by the silica phase, and the interpenetration of the two phases is a prerequisite to obtain elastomer composites of good mechanical and microwave properties suitable for producing of microwave shielding devices.

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Khakulova, Diana M., Kamila T. Shakhmurzova, and Svetlana Yu Khashirova. "Features of Obtaining Carbon Plastics Based on Superstructural Polymer Materials." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.562.

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The features of obtaining carbon plastics and specific solutions to problems associated with the compatibility of an inorganic filler and a polymer matrix, the formation of adhesive contact of carbon fillers due to the formation of chemical bonds, mechanical adhesions, local stresses and defects at the phase boundary are considered. Successful solutions are presented that provide high adhesive strength between the filler and the polymer matrix.

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Kwon, Yeon-Ju, Jung-Bin Park, Young-Pyo Jeon, Jin-Yong Hong, Ho-Seok Park, and Jea-Uk Lee. "A Review of Polymer Composites Based on Carbon Fillers for Thermal Management Applications: Design, Preparation, and Properties." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081312.

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With the development of microelectronic devices having miniaturized and integrated electronic components, an efficient thermal management system with lightweight materials, which have outstanding thermal conductivity and processability, is becoming increasingly important. Recently, the use of polymer-based thermal management systems has attracted much interest due to the intrinsic excellent properties of the polymer, such as the high flexibility, low cost, electrical insulation, and excellent processability. However, most polymers possess low thermal conductivity, which limits the thermal management applications of them. To address the low thermal conduction of the polymer materials, many kinds of thermally conductive fillers have been studied, and the carbon-based polymer composite is regarded as one of the most promising materials for the thermal management of the electric and electronic devices. In addition, the next generation electronic devices require composite materials with various additional functions such as flexibility, low density, electrical insulation, and oriented heat conduction, as well as ultrahigh thermal conductivity. In this review, we introduce the latest papers on thermally conductive polymer composites based on carbon fillers with sophisticated structures to meet the above requirements. The topic of this review paper consists of the following four contents. First, we introduce the design of a continuous three-dimensional network structure of carbon fillers to reduce the thermal resistance between the filler–matrix interface and individual filler particles. Second, we discuss various methods of suppressing the electrical conductivity of carbon fillers in order to manufacture the polymer composites that meet both the electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Third, we describe a strategy for the vertical alignment of carbon fillers to improve the through-plane thermal conductivity of the polymer composite. Finally, we briefly mention the durability of the thermal conductivity performance of the carbon-based composites. This review presents key technologies for a thermal management system of next-generation electronic devices.

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Chen, Yuli, Shengtao Wang, Fei Pan, and Jianyu Zhang. "A Numerical Study on Electrical Percolation of Polymer-Matrix Composites with Hybrid Fillers of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Black." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/614797.

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The electrical percolation of polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) containing hybrid fillers of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) is estimated by studying the connection possibility of the fillers using Monte Carlo simulation. The 3D simulation model of CB-CNT hybrid filler is established, in which CNTs are modeled by slender capped cylinders and CB groups are modeled by hypothetical spheres with interspaces because CB particles are always agglomerated. The observation on the effects of CB and CNT volume fractions and dimensions on the electrical percolation threshold of hybrid filled composites is then carried out. It is found that the composite electrical percolation threshold can be reduced by increasing CNT aspect ratio, as well as increasing the diameter ratio of CB groups to CNTs. And adding CB into CNT composites can decrease the CNT volume needed to convert the composite conductivity, especially when the CNT volume fraction is close to the threshold of PMCs with only CNT filler. Different from previous linear assumption, the nonlinear relation between CB and CNT volume fractions at composite percolation threshold is revealed, which is consistent with the synergistic effect observed in experiments. Based on the nonlinear relation, the estimating equation for the electrical percolation threshold of the PMCs containing CB-CNT hybrid fillers is established.

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Diekmann, Astrid, Marvin Christopher Vincenzo Omelan, Ulrich Giese, and Viktor Rose. "CARBON NANOHORN–BASED NBR HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 93, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.20.79958.

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ABSTRACT Carbon nanohorn (CNH)–filled elastomer hybrid nanocomposites were prepared based on NBR. Three different CNH types were analyzed, each featuring various characteristics such as aggregate structure, specific surface area, surface energy distribution, and electrical conductivity and resulting in different potentials regarding the properties of the developed elastomers. For the CNH types, a high tendency of agglomeration was observed in the pristine state, indicating the need for an effective strategy to break up the agglomerates during the mixing or the compounding procedure to realize their incorporation and sufficient dispersion in a polymer matrix. In addition to the melt mixing technology by means of an internal lab mixer, a discontinuous static and a continuous dynamic latex compounding process were used. Carbon nanotubes and a highly conductive carbon black (Printex) were used as hybrid fillers in the compounds mixed by melt mixing, whereas two different types of carbon black (Printex and Derussol) were also incorporated in the latex experiments. Hybrid nanocomposites with low content of CNHs (≤1 wt%) show an improvement in dynamic-mechanic and physical properties due to distinctive polymer–filler interactions. Dealing with higher amounts of CNHs leads to filler reagglomeration, resulting in deterioration of the elastomer properties. For the electric conductivity assessment, addition of CNH indicates no synergistic effects and no significant increase of the hybrid compounds, which is demonstrated in dielectric measurements, although pristine CNHs are conductive themselves. Elastomer compounds processed via the latex method show enhanced material performance by using the continuous dynamic latex compounding, which is mainly attributed to the dispersion of the hybrid filler.

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Ondrušová, Darina, Slavomíra Božeková, Lenka Buňová, Mariana Pajtášová, Ivan Labaj, Andrej Dubec, and Juliána Vršková. "Modification of alternative additives and their effect on the rubber properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815707007.

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The present paper deals with a targeted modification of two kinds of alternative additives - waste from glass production and natural mineral filler and explores their effect on the properties of polymeric materials. In the function of first alternative filler was used sludge from weighing the ingredients of glass batch in the glass production. The second used was natural aluminosilicate material based on zeolite (clinoptilolite). These alternative fillers have been modified in order to increase its efficiency, using the silanes: 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, bis(triethoxysilyl)propyl-tetrasulfide and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl-methacrylate. In the case of alternative filler based on zeolite the influence of silanization conditions on the filler efficiency have been also studied. Prepared modified fillers were mixed into rubber compounds as partial replacement of commonly used filler – carbon black. The influence of prepared fillers on rheology and curing characteristics of rubber compounds and also on physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates has been studied. Obtained results of measured characteristics of polymeric systems containing prepared alternative fillers were compared with the results obtained in the case of reference rubber compound with a commertially used filler – carbon black.

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Moskalyuk, Olga A., Andrey V. Belashov, Yaroslav M. Beltukov, Elena M. Ivan’kova, Elena N. Popova, Irina V. Semenova, Vladimir Y. Yelokhovsky, and Vladimir E. Yudin. "Polystyrene-Based Nanocomposites with Different Fillers: Fabrication and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112457.

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The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the elastic properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites filled with different types of inclusions: small spherical particles (SiO2 and Al2O3), alumosilicates (montmorillonite, halloysite natural tubules and mica), and carbon nanofillers (carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes). Block samples of composites with different filler concentrations were fabricated by melt technology, and their linear and non-linear elastic properties were studied. The introduction of more rigid particles led to a more profound increase in the elastic modulus of a composite, with the highest rise of about 80% obtained with carbon fillers. Non-linear elastic moduli of composites were shown to be more sensitive to addition of filler particles to the polymer matrix than linear ones. A non-linearity modulus βs comprising the combination of linear and non-linear elastic moduli of a material demonstrated considerable changes correlating with those of the Young’s modulus. The changes in non-linear elasticity of fabricated composites were compared with parameters of bulk non-linear strain waves propagating in them. Variations of wave velocity and decay decrement correlated with the observed enhancement of materials’ non-linearity.

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Suslyaev, Valentin I., Tatyana D. Malinovskaya, Sergey V. Melentyev, and Kirill V. Dorozkin. "Radioabsorbing Materials Based on Polyurethane with Carbon Fillers." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.137.

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Frequency dependences of transmission and reflection coefficients, dielectric permeability of composite materials with the various content of carbon fillers (technical carbon, graphite) in polyurethane varnish in ranges of frequencies 26–40 GHz and 110–260 GHz are experimentally investigated. It was found that composite material 0.4 mm thick with 4–5 % graphite mass content has a transmission coefficient of less than minus 7 dB in the whole investigated range of frequencies and can be effectively used in devices of protection from electromagnetic radiation.

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Maijan, Pattarawadee, Nitinart Saetung, and Wisut Kaewsakul. "Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers." Solid State Phenomena 266 (October 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.266.172.

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Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.

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Roy, Kumarjyoti, Subhas Chandra Debnath, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "A critical review on the utilization of various reinforcement modifiers in filled rubber composites." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 52, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244319835869.

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Presently, the development of high-performance filled rubber composites offers a new era in the industrial field of polymer research. This article reviews the utilization of various reinforcement modifiers on the successive property enhancement of rubber composites containing different commonly used fillers like silica, nanoclay, carbon nanotube, natural fibers, and so on. The practical importance of reinforcement modifiers in rubber technology is systematically described in the light of filler dispersion, processing, and mechanical properties of filled rubber compounds. A special emphasis is given on the mechanism of interaction between reinforcement modifiers and filler surface in filled rubber composites. Filler dispersion in the rubber matrix is the key parameter that controls the ultimate performance and rubber–filler interaction of filled rubber system. The use of some fixed reinforcement modifiers is an innovative way not only to solve the dispersion problem of filler particles but also to increase the reinforcing ability of most of the fillers in filled rubber products. Thus, the concept of reinforcement modifiers has the potential to facilitate further development of filler reinforcement technology for rubber-based composite materials.

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Černý, Vít, Grigory Yakovlev, Rostislav Drochytka, Šimon Baránek, Lenka Mészárosová, Jindřich Melichar, and Radek Hermann. "Impact of Carbon Particle Character on the Cement-Based Composite Electrical Resistivity." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 7505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247505.

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Electroconductive cement-based composites are modern materials that are commonly used in many industries such as the construction industry, among others. For example, these materials can be used as sensors for monitoring changes in construction, grounding suspension, and resistance heating materials, etc. The aim of the research presented in this article is to monitor the impact of carbon particle character on cement-based electroconductive composites. Four types of graphite were analyzed. Natural and synthetic types of graphite, with different particle sizes and one with improved electrically conductive properties, were tested. For the analysis of the electrical conductivity of powder raw materials, a new methodology was developed based on the experience of working with these materials. Various types of graphite were tested in pure cement paste (80% cement, 20% graphite) as well as in a composite matrix, which consisted of cement (16.8%), a mixture of silica sand 0–4 mm (56.4%), graphite filler (20.0%) ground limestone (6.7%) and super plasticizers (0.1%). The resistivity and physical-mechanical properties of the composite material were determined. Furthermore, the resistivity of the test samples was measured with a gradual decrease in saturation. It may be concluded that graphite fillers featuring very fine particles and high specific surface are most suitable and most effective for creating electrically conductive silicate composites. The amount, shape and, in particular, the fineness of the graphite filler particles thus creates suitable conditions for the creation of an integrated internal electricity-conductive network. In the case of the use of a coarse type of graphite or purely non-conductive fillers, the presence of an electrolyte, for example, in the form of water, is necessary to achieve a low resistivity. Samples with fine types of graphite fillers achieved stable resistivity values when the sample humidity changed. The addition of graphite fillers caused a large decrease in the strength of the samples.

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Dal Lago, Eleonora, Elisabetta Cagnin, Carlo Boaretti, Martina Roso, Alessandra Lorenzetti, and Michele Modesti. "Influence of Different Carbon-Based Fillers on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of a PC/ABS Blend." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010029.

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The present work examines the influence of different carbon-based fillers on the performance of electrically conductive polymer blend composites. More specifically, we examined and compared the effects of graphene (GR), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) on a PC/ABS matrix by morphological investigation, electrical and physic-mechanical characterization. Electrical analyses showed volume resistivity decreased when the CNTs and CB content were increased, although the use of melt-mixed GR did not really influence this property. For the latter, solution blending was found to be more suitable to obtain better GR dispersion, and it obtained electrical percolation with a graphene content ranging from 0.5% to 1% by weight, depending on the solvent removal method that was applied. There was a gradual improvement in all of the composites’ dielectric properties, in terms of loss factor, with temperature and the concentration of the filler. As expected, the use of rigid fillers increased the composite stiffness, which is reflected in a continuous increment in the composites’ modulus of elasticity. The improvements in tensile strength and modulus were coupled with a reduction in impact strength, indicating a decrease in polymer toughness and flexibility. TEM micrographs allowed us to confirm previous results from studies on filler dispersion. According to this study and the comparison of the three carbon-based fillers, CNTs are the best filler choice in terms of electrical and mechanical performance.

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Kang, Hyoseop, Ki Hoon Kim, Geon Su Kim, Hyeseong Lee, Ji-un Jang, and Seong Yun Kim. "Synergistic enhancement in electrical conductivity of polymer composites simultaneously filled with multi-walled carbon nanotube and pitch-based carbon fiber via one-step solvent-free fabrication." Functional Composites and Structures 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac5d26.

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Abstract Recently, studies have been reported to synergistically improve the electrical conductivity of polymer composites by simultaneously incorporating hybrid fillers, but systematic studies on filler loading and ratio are still scarce. In this study, a one-step process was proposed to induce the incorporation of uniformly dispersed fillers with a high content, and synergistic improvement in the electrical conductivity of polymer composites was studied by applying two types of carbon fillers: nano-sized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and micro-sized pitch-based carbon fiber (PCF). Based on the proposed process, it was possible to fabricate a polymer composite in which the filler was uniformly dispersed within 40 wt%. The electrical conductivity of the composite containing up to 10 wt% MWCNT which was the percolation plateau content and 30 wt% PCF was 3940 S m−1, showing the maximum performance. This result was improved by 595% and 586%, respectively, compared to the electrical conductivity of the composite containing only 40 wt% MWCNT or PCF. These findings can contribute to expanding the application of conductive composites in the fields of antistatic or electromagnetic interference shielding by providing insight into the optimal design of hybrid filler systems to improve the electrical conductivity of composites.

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Jirků, Petr, Jiří Urban, Miroslav Müller, Viktor Kolář, Vijay Chandan, Jaroslava Svobodová, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, and Hafsa Jamshaid. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Filler Interaction in the Field of SLA Polymeric Additive Manufacturing." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16144955.

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The paper deals with research focused on the use of fillers in the field of polymeric materials produced by additive technology SLA (stereolithography). The aim of the research is to evaluate 3D printing parameters, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness), and the interaction of individual phases (polymer matrix and filler) in composite materials using SEM analysis. The tested fillers were cotton flakes and ground carbon fibres in different proportions. For the photosensitive resins, the use of cotton flakes as filler was found to have a positive effect on the mechanical properties not only under static but also under cyclic loading, which is a common cause of material failure in practice. The cyclic stress reference value was set at an amplitude of 5–50% of the maximum force required to break the pure resin in a static tensile test. A positive effect of fillers on the cyclic stress life of materials was demonstrated. The service life of pure resin was only 168 ± 29 cycles. The service life of materials with fillers increased to approximately 400 to 540 cycles for carbon fibre-based fillers and nearly 1000 cycles for cotton flake-based fillers, respectively. In this paper, new composite materials suitable for the use of SLA additive manufacturing techniques are presented. Research demonstrated the possibilities of adding cotton-based fillers in low-cost, commercially available resins. Furthermore, the importance of material research under cyclic loading was demonstrated.

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Shachar Michaely, Gal, Dimitry Alhazov, Michael Genkin, Matat Buzaglo, and Oren Regev. "Disperse-and-Mix: Oil as an ‘Entrance Door’ of Carbon-Based Fillers to Rubber Composites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113048.

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Oil was employed as an ‘entrance door’ for loading rubber with carbon-based fillers of different size and dimensionalities: 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 2D graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and 3D graphite. This approach was explored, as a proof of concept, in the preparation of tire tread, where oil is commonly used to reduce the viscosity of the composite mixture. Rubber was loaded with carbon black (CB, always used) and one or more of the above fillers to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The CNT-loaded system showed the best enhancement in mechanical properties, followed by the CNT-GNP one. Rubber loaded with both graphite and GNP showed the best enhancement in thermal conductivity (58%). The overall enhancements in both mechanical and thermal properties of the various systems were analyzed through an overall relative efficiency index in which the total filler concentration in the system is also included. According to this index, the CNT-loaded system is the most efficient one. The oil as an ‘entrance door’ is an easy and effective novel approach for loading fillers that are in the nanoscale and provide high enhancement of properties at low filler concentrations.

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Moskalyuk, Olga, Diana Vol‘nova, and Ekaterina Tsobkallo. "Modeling of the Electrotransport Process in PP-Based and PLA-Based Composite Fibers Filled with Carbon Nanofibers." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122362.

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Polypropylene and polylactide-based composite fibers have been produced by a melt technology. Long vapor-grown carbon fibers (CNFs) have been used as electrical conductivity fillers. It is clearly shown by experimental methods that the CNFs are evenly distributed in the polymer matrix, orienting themselves along the direction of fiber extrusion and retaining their initial dimensions. It is shown that for composites fibers based on crystallizing (polypropylene) and amorphous (polylactide acid) polymer matrix, the dependence of electrical resistance on the filler concentration is percolation character and can be described as a double Boltzmann function. Four sections are identified on the dependences of the electrical resistance on the filler concentration for composite fibers, and the reasons for this character of this dependence on the formation of electrically conductive circuits are analyzed. Investigated in this work are the PP-based and PLA-based composites filled with carbon nanofibers that can be used as antistatic, shielding materials, or as sensors.

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Kazemi, Hossein, Frej Mighri, and Denis Rodrigue. "A Review of Rubber Biocomposites Reinforced with Lignocellulosic Fillers." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070183.

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Lignocellulosic fillers have attracted considerable attention over the years as a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fillers (carbon black) in rubber composites due to their renewability, biodegradability, availability, high mechanical properties, low density and low cost. Based on the literature available, a comprehensive review is presented here of rubber biocomposites reinforced with plant-based fillers. The study is divided into different sections depending on the matrix (natural or synthetic rubber) and the type of lignocellulosic fillers (natural fiber, microcrystalline cellulose, lignin and nanocellulose). This review focuses on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting rubber biocomposites. In addition, the effect of hybrid filler systems, lignocellulosic filler surface modification and modification of the rubber matrix on the properties of these rubber biocomposites are presented and compared. A conclusion is finally presented with some openings for future works.

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Musov, Ismel V., Azamat L. Slonov, Azamat Zhansitov, Diana M. Khakulova, and Svetlana Yu Khashirova. "Influence of Concentration of Carbon and Glass Fibers, Melt Viscosity, and Number of Extrusions on the Porosity of Composites Based on Polyphenylene Sulphone, Polyethyrimide and Polyphenylene Sulfide." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.481.

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A comparative analysis of the effect on the porosity of composite filaments based on polyphenylene sulfone, polyetherimide and polyphenylene sulfide with discrete fibrous fillers, such factors as the filler concentration, melt viscosity and number of extrusion passes, was carried out. It is shown that with increasing filler content and decreasing melt viscosity, the porosity of composite filaments enhances. Upon repeated extrusion carbon-filled composites, a decrease in porosity is observed, however for glass-filled samples an increase in porosity is occurred. A comparative analysis showed that the filament samples based on polyetherimide have a higher porosity. The most resistant to pore formation are polyphenylene sulfone-based samples.

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Bezsmertna, Viktoriia, Oleksandra Mazna, Valerii Kohanyiy, Yurii Vasilenkov, Iryna Bilan, Maryna Shevtsova, and Vadym Stavychenko. "Multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted carbon fibrous fillers." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930401012.

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The production technology of reinforcement filler for new multifunctional polymer based composites with weft-knitted structure had been proposed. In such reinforcement filler high-strength carbon fibers (CFs) from PAN precursors (wefts) were laid in a knitted fabric as straight continuous yarns, so in such case these CFs were not twisted by knitting machine to form the loops. Various kinds of chemical and inorganic fibers can be used as base yarn in this case, in particular glass, aramid, carbon fibers from hydrate cellulose and etc. Properties of multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted fillers depend upon fiber composition, relative content of weft and base yarns, scheme filler stacking (1D, 2D and 3D composites). The electrical conductivity of weft-knitted fabrics shows the strong anisotropy along high-strength fibers in comparison with looped rows, depending on the direction of high-strength CFs (weft). Investigation of shielding properties of polymer based composites reinforced by carbon weft-knitted fabrics showed the possibility of using them as shielding materials with the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation.

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Dement’eva, L. A., A. A. Serezhenkov, L. I. Bocharova, L. I. Anikhovskaya, and N. F. Lukina. "Adhesive composite materials based on glass and carbon fillers." Polymer Science. Series D 2, no. 3 (July 2009): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421209030058.

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Zamir, Meni, Raghu Sripada, and Alva Peled. "Hybrid fillers in carbon-fabric-reinforced cement-based composites." Cement and Concrete Composites 98 (April 2019): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.02.005.

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Ferreres, Guillem, Sílvia Pérez-Rafael, Angela Gala Morena, Tzanko Tzanov, and Liudmyla Gryshchuk. "Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173608.

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Biomass fillers offer the possibility to modify the mechanical properties of foams, increasing their cost-effectiveness and reducing their carbon footprint. In this study, bio-based PU (soft, open cells for the automotive sector) and epoxy (EP, hard, closed cells for construction applications) composite foams were prepared by adding pristine and laccase-mediated lauryl gallate-hydrophobized hemp protein particles as filler (HP and HHP, respectively). The fillers were able to modify the density, the mechanical properties and the morphology of the PU and EP foams. The addition of HP filler increases the density of PU foams up to 100% and significantly increases the σ values by 40% and Emod values. On the other hand, the inclusion of the HHP as filler in PU foams mostly results in reduced density, by almost 30%, and reduced σ values in comparison with reference and HP-filled foams. Independently from filler concentration and type, the biomass increased the Emod values for all foams relative to the reference. In the case of the EP foams, the tests were only conducted for the foams filled with HHP due to the poor compatibility of HP with the EP matrix. HHP decreased the density, compressive strength and Emod values of the composites. For both foams, the fillers increased the size of the cells, while reducing the amount of open cells of PU foams and the amount of closed cells for EP foams. Finally, both types of foams filled with HHP reduced the moisture uptake by 80 and 45%, respectively, indicating the successful hydrophobization of the composites.

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Mat, Fauziah, K. A. Ismail, Masniezam Ahmad, Yaacob Sazali, and Inayatullah Othman. "Dynamic Axial Crushing of Empty and Foam-Filled Conical Aluminium Tubes: Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.305.

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This paper presents the crushing behaviour of empty and foam-filled conical tubes under axial dynamic loading. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against experiments. The validated model was subsequently used to assess the beneficial of foam filling with regards to the variation in filler densities and tube materials. The results obtained were further analyzed and compared with straight tubes. We aim to evaluate the critical effective point for different density of fillers in foam-filled tubes based on specific energy absorption (SEA) value. The SEA value was highest for foam-filled conical aluminium tube with aluminium foam filler, followed by straight aluminium tube, straight carbon steel tube and conical carbon steel tube. Moreover, the initial peak force was found lower in aluminium tubes than carbon steel tubes and lower in conical tubes than that in straight tubes. The combination of conical aluminium tube and aluminium foam filler successfully convey the beneficial of foam filling and thus signify that proper combination and selection of tube and filler is vital in assessing the effectiveness of foam-filled tubes.

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Mansor, Mohd Khairulniza, and Dayang Habibah Abang Ismawi Hassim. "A Study on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of ENR Filled with Dual Fillers." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.249.

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The effects of dual fillers, carbon black (CB) and mineral filler mixture (MFM) in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) compound using BR1600 internal mixer were investigated. In this study, the processability of the compound improved and the cure time decreased with partial replacement of CB with MFM. Results also showed that compound filled with partial replacement of 20 phr of CB with MFM exhibited comparable tensile strength value with compound filled with 50 phr CB as single filler. Nevertheless, based on Thermogravimetri analysis (TGA), ENR filled with 50 phr CB gave higher char yield which can ascribe to the better stability of the char layer formed.

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Hu, Zhi Jun, Jiang Lin, and Jing An Yu. "Surface Coatings Based on Carbon Paper and its Electromagnetic Shielding Property." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1261.

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Carbon fiber paper was coated with multiple layers coating composed by conductive and magnetic fillers. The electromagnetic shielding and conductive properties of the coating were investigated. The effluencing factors such as the ratio of conductive and magnetic fillers, the composition of magnetic fillers, the contrast of coating method, the structure of shielding layer were assessed according with effectiveness. The results showed the best component for the coating layer was: conductive substrate, conductive coating layer and magnetic coating layer sequently. The compound of magnetic fillers with differenet electromagnetic interaction mechanism would produce a complementary magnetic loss, and display a high absorption in broader frequency band. The shielding effectiveness of multi-layer coated carbon fiber paper at 1.5 GHz was shown up to 45 dB.

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Kasım, Hasan, and Büşra Demir. "Investigation of electrical properties of hybrid nanocomposites containing different fillers on pressure sensor applications under different loading." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 17 (January 24, 2021): 2329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998321990714.

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Conductive elastomeric nanocomposites (CEMs) were prepared in two stages to control the precision of pressure sensors. Carbon-based nanofillers such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or graphene (GR) were added to the rubber matrix. For Rubber/MWCNT composites, unfunctionalized (U-MWCNT) and –COOH functionalized MWCNT (F-MWCNT) fillers were synthesized. The properties of the CEMs and the synergistic improvements between the fillers and rubber matrix in composites were also investigated. SEM images show that F-MWCNT fillers were dispersed homogeneously in the composites and they interacted with rubber better than other carbon fillers. The piezoresistivity properties of the CEMs before and after compression were determined using the four-probe method by cyclic loading in 1 mm increments between 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm. F-MWCNT filled composites had higher strength than others when they were compressed by 2.5 mm. The F-MWCNT and GR filled nanocomposites possessed the best resistivity for pressure sensors when compressed at 2.5 mm (for F-MWCNT 1.1E + 08 Ω, GR 5.28E + 06 Ω). These nanocomposites are promising pressures sensors for air suspension systems.

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Pajtášová, Mariana, Darina Ondrušová, Róbert Janík, Zuzana Mičicová, Beáta Pecušová, Ivan Labaj, Marcel Kohutiar, and Katarína Moricová. "Using of alternative fillers based on the waste and its effect on the rubber properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925404010.

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The presented paper deals with a study of selected rubber compounds as well as their vulcanizates with partially replaced commonly used filler by adding selected alternative fillers. Alternative fillers were mixed into rubber compounds as partial replacement of commonly used filler – carbon black. As an alternative partial replacement of common filler, we have chosen fine fractions of the waste of thermoplastics. The differences of rubber compounds were based on the amount of used alternative filler. We determined vulcanization characteristics of prepared tread compounds and physical and mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of their vulcanizates. From the measured results it can be concluded that studied waste can be used in the function of filler into rubber, as partial replacement of commonly used filler.

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Leisen, J., J. Breidt, and J. Kelm. "1H NMR Relaxation Studies of Cured Natural Rubbers with Different Carbon Black Fillers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538790.

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Abstract 1H NMR relaxation data provide insight into the effects of carbon black fillers on the structure of polymer networks in products based on natural rubber so that accepted ideas concerning the interaction between elastomeric networks and active filling materials are confirmed. A new 1H NMR relaxation experiment allows the direct investigation of dangling chains within the polymeric network. In samples containing carbon black a motional anisotropy is observed for these chain ends, while dangling chains in samples without carbon black fillers show isotropic rotational motions. The parameter q′, quantifying the motional anisotropy, is suggested to be a measure of the physico-chemical interactions between elastomer and filler.

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Atif, Rasheed, and Fawad Inam. "Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (August 12, 2016): 1174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.109.

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One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.

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Kim, Ye Seul, Rira Jung, Hun Sik Kim, and Hyoung Joon Jin. "Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Incorporated Polyurethane Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1109.

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Polyurethane was used as adhesive due to high reactivity, high flexibility, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are an alternative to tin-lead solder in order to provide conductive paths between two electrical device components, which typically consist of a polymeric resin that contributes physical and mechanical properties, and conductive fillers. However, ECAs have low electrical conductivity and unstable network due to large contact points of the few micrometer-sized metal particles. In order to overcome these restrictions, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with high aspect ratio and smaller nanometer scale can be used as conductive fillers. In this study, ECAs were based on polyurethane filled with two kinds of fillers, raw MWCNTs and acid treated MWCNTs, respectively. Electrical conductivity was measured by using four-point probe. Morphology and dispersibility of fillers were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

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Murniati, Riri, Arini Fitria Gunawan, Muhammad Nuraliffudin Saputra, Imastuti Imastuti, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "Nanosilica Particulate Magnetic as Alternative Filler on Natural Rubber Composites with Human-Tissue-Like Mechanical Characteristic." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.14.2.124-131.2022.

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There have been no reports of the simultaneous application of natural fillers, such as magnetite and natural zeolites, to increase the strength of composites containing silica (SiO2) fillers as reinforcing fillers in natural rubber. This study has investigated the effect of magnetically modified natural zeolite on nanosilica-reinforced natural rubber composites that include a mechanical characteristic like human tissue. We use technical specifications rubber (TSR) SIR 20 with nanosilica reinforced fillers and Titanate coupling agent (TCA) as fillers and elastomer binders. The results showed that the nanosilica-zeolite-magnetite (Fe3O4) mixture had an influence on strength and stiffness and could be a substitute filler. The precursors made with some variations include the optimization of filler and the optimization volume fraction of nanosilica. Mechanical characteristics of different human body part tissue were compared to the control samples and have similar mechanical characteristics with internal human tissue characteristic. Based on these results, nanosilica fillers combine with magnetically modified zeolites and titanate coupling agents, potentially as an alternative filler to replace carbon black, and are applicable for synthetic muscle replacement cadavers with a customized formula.

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Abdallah Khalaf, Eyad Sayed. "A comparative study for the main properties of silica and carbon black Filled bagasse-styrene butadiene rubber composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 31 (April 25, 2023): 096739112311710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911231171035.

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A comparative study has been done to investigate the effect of carbon black (CB) and fumed silica (Si) on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of Bagasse/styrene-butadiene rubber (B-SBR) composites. Based on the incorporation of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) as a supplement reinforcing filler in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates, two identical sets of formulations have been prepared using different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 phr) of carbon black and silica as the main reinforcing fillers in SBR composites. The ground bagasse powder (GBP) employed in this work, has a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20–180 μm. As well, 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA) was incorporated to improve the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse. The distinguishing effect of different fillers on the rheological properties was clearly established. Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation (M 100), hardness (Shore A), abrasion loss, degree of swelling, as well as, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the rubber vulcanizates were studied. The prepared samples were morphologically analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength and M 100% values of carbon black-filled compounds were obviously higher than those of the silica filled ones. In addition, hardness, wear and swelling properties were improved more and more by increasing the filler content. Whereas, the Si filled B/SBR showed a decreasing trend in elongation at break values but with an evidently higher plateau than that of CB filled ones. Overall, the CB filled vulcanizates recorded dominant mechanical properties compared to the Si filled vucanizates. On the other hand, both fillers offered a noticeable improvement in thermal stability, but with a preference favored for the silica filled compounds. Furthermore, the findings for SEM were found to be in agreement with the observed mechanical properties. This study summarizes a detailed discussion of the emerging green technologies for tyre production and depicted comprehensive data from the available literature.

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Barrera, Cindy S., Alfred B. O. Soboyejo, and Katrina Cornish. "QUANTIFICATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF FILLER CHARACTERISTICS TO NATURAL RUBBER REINFORCEMENT USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.82.83716.

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ABSTRACT Practical statistical models were developed to quantify individual contributions from characteristics of conventional and non-conventional fillers and predict resulting mechanical properties of both hevea and guayule natural rubber composites. Carbon black N330 and four different agro-industrial residues, namely, eggshells, carbon fly ash, processing tomato peels, and guayule bagasse, were used in this study. Filler characteristics were used as explanatory variables in multiple linear regression analyses. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate correlations among explanatory variables based on their correlation matrices and to transform them into a new set of independent variables, which were then used to generate reliable regression models. Surface area, dispersive component of surface energy, carbon black, and waste-derived filler loading were found to have almost equal importance in the prediction of composite properties. However, models developed for ultimate elongation poorly explained variability, indicating the dependence of this property on other variables. Agro-industrial residues could potentially serve as more sustainable fillers for polymer composites than conventional fillers. This new modeling approach for polymer composites allows the performance of a wide range of different waste-derived fillers to be predicted with minimum laboratory work, facilitating the optimization of compound recipes to address specific product requirements.

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Samsudin, Siti Salmi, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Mariatti Jaafar, and Hassan A. Alshahrani. "Physical, Thermal Transport, and Compressive Properties of Epoxy Composite Filled with Graphitic- and Ceramic-Based Thermally Conductive Nanofillers." Polymers 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051014.

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Epoxy polymer composites embedded with thermally conductive nanofillers play an important role in the thermal management of polymer microelectronic packages, since they can provide thermal conduction properties with electrically insulating properties. An epoxy composite system filled with graphitic-based fillers; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and ceramic-based filler; silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCs) was investigated as a form of thermal-effective reinforcement for epoxy matrices. The epoxy composites were fabricated using a simple fabrication method, which included ultrasonication and planetary centrifugal mixing. The effect of graphite-based and ceramic-based fillers on the thermal conductivity was measured by the transient plane source method, while the glass transition temperature of the fully cured samples was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal gravimetric analysis was adopted to study the thermal stability of the samples, and the compressive properties of different filler loadings (1–5 vol.%) were also discussed. The glass temperatures and thermal stabilities of the epoxy system were increased when incorporated with the graphite- and ceramic-based fillers. These results can be correlated with the thermal conductivity of the samples, which was found to increase with the increase in the filler loadings, except for the epoxy/SiCs composites. The thermal conductivity of the composites increased to 0.4 W/mK with 5 vol.% of MWCNTs, which is a 100% improvement over pure epoxy. The GNPs, SiCs, and MWCNTs showed uniform dispersion in the epoxy matrix and well-established thermally conductive pathways.

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Caradonna, Andrea, Claudio Badini, Elisa Padovano, Antonino Veca, Enea De Meo, and Mario Pietroluongo. "Laser Treatments for Improving Electrical Conductivity and Piezoresistive Behavior of Polymer–Carbon Nanofiller Composites." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010063.

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The effect of carbon nanotubes, graphene-like platelets, and another carbonaceous fillers of natural origin on the electrical conductivity of polymeric materials was studied. With the aim of keeping the filler content and the material cost as low as possible, the effect of laser surface treatments on the conductivity of polymer composites with filler load below the percolation threshold was also investigated. These treatments allowed processing in situ conductive tracks on the surface of insulating polymer-based materials. The importance of the kinds of fillers and matrices, and of the laser process parameters was studied. Carbon nanotubes were also used to obtain piezoresistive composites. The electrical response of these materials to a mechanical load was investigated in view of their exploitation for the production of pressure sensors and switches based on the piezoresistive effect. It was found that the piezoresistive behavior of composites with very low filler concentration can be improved with proper laser treatments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon-based fillers'

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