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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbohydrates Separation'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Honda, Susumu, Shigeo Suzuki, and Kazuaki Kakehi. "Separation of carbohydrates and lectins on carbohydrate-immobilized resins." Journal of Chromatography A 396 (January 1987): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94045-2.

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2

Mu, Yuqing, Benjamin Schulz, and Vito Ferro. "Applications of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102557.

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Carbohydrate analyses are often challenging due to the structural complexity of these molecules, as well as the lack of suitable analytical tools for distinguishing the vast number of possible isomers. The coupled technique, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), has been in use for two decades for the analysis of complex biomolecules, and in recent years it has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of carbohydrates. For carbohydrates, most studies have focused on the separation and characterization of isomers in biological samples. IM-MS is capable of separating isomeric ions by drift time, and further characterizing them by mass analysis. Applications of IM-MS in carbohydrate analysis are extremely useful and important for understanding many biological mechanisms and for the determination of disease states, although efforts are still needed for higher sensitivity and resolution.

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3

Gillarová, Simona, Svatopluk Henke, Tomáš Svoboda, Pavel Kadlec, Andrea Hinková, Zdeněk Bubník, Vladimír Pour, and Marcela Sluková. "Chromatographic separation of mannitol from mixtures of other carbohydrates in aqueous solutions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 4 (August 29, 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2021-cjfs.

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The isolation of mannitol from natural sources, e.g. from plant extracts or broths, requires considerable time and effort. The separation of mannitol from aqueous solutions containing also glucose, fructose, and sucrose was tested using discontinuous preparative anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. The suitability of the application in the separation of carbohydrates and especially mannitol was tested under various conditions and using three different types of ion-exchangers. The effect of sorbent regeneration and modification on the separation was also examined using different concentrations and volumes of chemical agents. The fractions collected after the discontinuous chromatography were analysed on the content of mannitol by the high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method. The successful isolation of pure mannitol fraction, using water as a mobile phase and a combination of sodium chloride and hydroxide for sorbent regeneration, was achieved only on anion-exchange chromatography.

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4

Templeton, David W., Matthew Quinn, Stefanie Van Wychen, Deborah Hyman, and Lieve M. L. Laurens. "Separation and quantification of microalgal carbohydrates." Journal of Chromatography A 1270 (December 2012): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.034.

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5

Lachmann, B., and C. Noe. "KAPILLARELEKTROPHORETISCHE BESTIMMUNG VON KOHLENHYDRAT-ENANTI0MEREN." Scientia Pharmaceutica 69, no. 4 (December 28, 2001): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-01-201.

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Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile analytical technique for the determination of a very widespread range of compounds. Many applications for the separation of different pharmaceuticals, ions, herbicides and biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and peptides have been published over the last decade. A comparatively new field is the separation and determination of carbohydrates bycapillary electrophoresis, especially the assignment of absolute configuration. These methods will also gain importance in the field of pharmaceutical carbohydrate analysis. In this review a short overview ofthe different methods and separation procedures is given and some applications for the separation of sugar enantiomers are described in more detail.

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6

Starr, Christopher M., R. Irene Masada, Chuck Hague, Elisa Skop, and John C. Klock. "Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis in the separation, analysis, and sequencing of carbohydrates." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00749-0.

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7

Nguyễn, Mạnh Khắc, Hòa Từ Nguyễn, Khuê Ngọc Nguyễn, Diễm My Lâm Huỳnh, Du Huy Nguyễn, and Mai Ánh Nguyễn. "Development of an analytical method for determination of carbohydrates in food by gc - fid using chemical derivatization with anhydride acetic acid." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i2.874.

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The present research describes a simple and inexpensive derivatization method that uses acetylation to address the challenges associated with the quantification of the ten most common carbohydrates. The derivatization reaction has two periods : (1) The oxime formation of carbohydrates was carried out at 15 minutes, 500 µL of NH2OH 2.5% and 60 ºC and (2) acetylation of carbohydrates was carried out at 45 minutes, 600 µL of AAA and 80ºC. Most of the carbohydrates generate single peaks via chromatographic separation, except fructose, which generates a double peak. The procedure was successfully applied to analyze carbohydrates in some samples including honey, fresh milk, and polysaccharide hydrolyzate. The method validation results had the linear concentration range of carbohydrates at 50-4000 mg/g, the LODs at 20-50 µg/g, the relative standard deviations (% RSDs) of peak area under 5.0 % and the accuracy at 95–115% of recoveries. The method was applied to determine carbohydrate content in raw milk, honey, and hydrolysis polysaccharide extract. The results showed that the honey sample has fructose and glucose content of 65.8% and 33.4%, respectively, while sucrose makes up 0.74% of the total carbohydrate content. The raw milk sample has lactose content of 47.6% of the total carbohydrates. Some rare polysaccharides such as arabinose and xylose were found in the hydrolysis polysaccharide extract from the mushroom sample.

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8

Бызов, Василий Аркадьевич, Татьяна Сергеевна Пучкова, and Дания Мустафиевна Пихало. "Investigation of chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates with identification by molecular weight of oligosaccharides." Food processing industry, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.12.12.008.

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Во ВНИИК разрабатывается универсальная технология инулина из цикория и топинамбура. Исследования по хроматографическому разделению углеводов инулина с использованием катионообменной смолы марки PCR641Ca компании «Пьюролайт» (США) проводили в колонке размерами 1,7х75 см, при следующих условиях: количество загруженной смолы - 150 см, объем загрузки исходного продукта - 10 % (15 см), температура - 50 °С, скорость элюирования - 0,9-1,1 см/мин. Процесс хроматографического разделения контролировали по сухому веществу, углеводному составу и удельному вращению в элюатах. Для определения углеводного состава элюатов при разделении использовали колонку марки Resex RSO Oligosaccaride, позволившую идентифицировать по молекулярной массе олигосахариды с различной степенью полимеризации (Dp 5-9). Для исследований по хроматографическому разделению использовали раствор инулина марки «Рафтилин», содержащий 72,85 % инулина; олигосахариды: Dp 9 - 8,86 %; Dp 8 - 6,33 %; ∑Dp 6, 7 - 3,79 %; Dp 5 - 2,10 %; дисахариды - 4,47 %; фруктозу - 1,6 %; сумма Dp 9-5 21,08 %. Установлено, что при хроматографическом разделении раствора инулина по мере повышения массовой доли сухого вещества в пределах 10-30 % его содержание в элюате возрастает в три раза. Определен углеводный состав элюатов после хроматографического разделения с идентификацией по молекулярной массе с Dp 9-5. Установлена возможность выделения фракции высокомолекулярного инулина и фруктоолигосахаридов с Dp 9-6. При этом высокомолекулярные углеводы и фруктоолигосахариды с Dp 9-6 составляют 98 %, а низкомолекулярные с Dp менее 5 - 2 %. В качестве экспресс-метода при хроматографическом разделении инулина рекомендован поляриметрический метод контроля углеводного состава элюата. Получены закономерности хроматографического разделения и установлена возможность эффективного их разделения на высокомолекулярные и низкомолекулярные углеводы инулина. Хроматографическое разделение углеводов инулина позволяет выделить фракции с содержанием 92-98 % инулина и фруктоолигосахаридов с Dp 9-6 для создания новых безопасных пищевых продуктов лечебно-профилактического и оздоровительного питания населения. ARRISP is developing a universal technology for inulin from chicory and Jerusalem artichoke. Studies on the chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates using a PCR641Ca cation exchange resin from Purolight (USA) were carried out in a column 1.7x75 cm in size, under the following conditions: the amount of resin loaded was 150 cm; loading volume of the initial product - 10 % (15 cm); temperature - 50 °С; elution rate - 0.9-1.1 cm/min. The process of chromatographic separation was controlled by dry matter, carbohydrate composition and specific rotation in the eluates. To determine the carbohydrate composition of the eluates during separation, a Resex RSO Oligosaccaride column was used, which made it possible to identify oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (Dp 5-9) by molecular weight. For studies on chromatographic separation, we used a Raftilin inulin solution containing 72.85 % inulin; oligosaccharides: Dp 9 - 8.86 %; Dp 8 - 6.33 %; ∑Dp 6, 7 - 3.79 %; Dp 5 - 2.10 %; disaccharides - 4.47 %; fructose - 1.6 %; sum Dp 9-5 - 21.08 %. It has been established that during the chromatographic separation of an inulin solution, as the mass fraction of dry matter increases within 10-30%, it’s content in the eluate increases three times. The carbohydrate composition of the eluates was determined after chromatographic separation with identification by molecular weight with Dp 9-5. The possibility of isolating the fraction of high molecular weight inulin and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 was established. At the same time, high-molecular carbohydrates and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 make up 98 %, and low-molecular carbohydrates with Dp less than 5-2 %. As an express method for the chromatographic separation of inulin, a polarimetric method for monitoring the carbohydrate composition of the eluate is recommended. Regularities of chromatographic separation were obtained and the possibility of their effective separation into high and low molecular weight inulin carbohydrates was established. Chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates makes it possible to isolate fractions containing 92-98 % inulin and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 to create new safe food products for therapeutic and prophylactic, and health-improving nutrition of the population.

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9

Honda, Susumu. "Separation of neutral carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00022-4.

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10

Prodolleet, Jacques, Emmanuel Bugner, and Max Feevberg. "Determination of Carbohydrates in Soluble Coffee by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 768–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.3.768.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to validate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method to determine the free and total (after acid hydrolysis) carbohydrate profile of soluble coffee. Carbohydrates were separated on a pellicular anion-exchange column using pure water as mobile phase, and were detected by pulsed amperometry. Eleven collaborators were sent 6 test samples of commercial soluble coffee for duplicate analysis. They were also sent a practice sample with known levels of free and total carbohydrates and material for preparation of all standard solutions. The reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 9.9–59.5% for mannitol, 35.6–72.6% for fucose, 4.9–21.1% for arabinose, 4.1–13.0% for galactose, 6.1–24.3% for glucose, 10.0–41.6% for sucrose, 20.2–37.7% for xylose, 10.6–40.0% for mannose, 15.5–71.7% for fructose, and 17.8–97.9% for ribose. Precision in the determination of free and total carbohydrates was very similar. The average repeatability RSDr and RSDR values were 4.5 and 14.3%, respectively, for carbohydrate levels above 0.3%. The precision of the technique was considered good, regardless of the usual peak integration problems always encountered in LC, the low levels of free carbohydrates, the hydrolysis step, and the relative lack of experience of most participating laboratories. The method allows good and reproducible separation of all major carbohydrates found in soluble coffee and is, therefore, suitable for routine analysis.

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11

Moliner, M., D. Saura, J. M. Ros, and J. Laencina. "Cross-flow Filtration through Ceramic Membranes of Enzymes and Degradation Products from Enzymatic Peeling of Satsuma Mandarin Segments." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 5_suppl (October 2008): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208094681.

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The present work evaluates the possibility of using cross-flow filtration to recover enzymatic activities from commercial enzymes used for peeling mandarin segments. Two ceramic membranes of different pore size and molecular weight cut-off were assayed. The membrane of 40 kDa molecular weight cut-off provided better separation of enzymes and carbohydrates than the membrane of 0.14 μm pore size, since the enzymes were readily retained in the retentate fraction, while carbohydrates easily passed into the permeate fraction. After separation, both fractions (enzymes and carbohydrates) could be further used.

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12

Mikame, Keigo, and Masamitsu Funaoka. "Conversion and Separation Pattern of Lignocellulosic Carbohydrates through the Phase-separation System." Polymer Journal 38, no. 7 (June 9, 2006): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2005138.

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13

Prodolliet, Jacques, Emmanuel Bugner, and Max Feevberg. "Determination of Carbohydrates in Soluble (Instant) Coffee by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection: Summary of Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 6 (November 1, 1996): 1400–1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.6.1400.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to validate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining free and total (after acid hydrolysis) carbohydrate profile of soluble (instant) coffee. Carbohydrates were separated on a pellicular anion-exchange column with pure water as mobile phase and detected by pulsed amperometry. Precisions in determining free and total carbohydrates were very similar. Average RSDr and RSDR values were 4.5 and 14.3%, respectively, for carbohydrate levels >0.3%, with individual values ranging, respectively, from 2.2 to 4.6% and 9.9 to 24.2% for mannitol, 1.6 to 7.3% and 4.9 to 21.1 % for arabinose, 1.7 to 8.1 % and 4.1 to 12.9% for galactose, 2.4 to 8.7% and 6.1 to 24.3% for glucose, 1.8 to 6.8% and 10.0 to 11.6% for sucrose, 3.7 to 7.4% and 22.5 to 27.8% for xylose, 2.0 to 7.0% and 10.6 to 24.4% for mannose, and 2.9 to 5.2% and 15.5 to 18.4% for fructose (free form only). The technique's precision was considered good, taking into account the usual peak integration problems always encountered in LC procedures, the low levels of free carbohydrates, the hydrolysis step, and the relative lack of experience of most participating laboratories. Except for the pair rhamnose/arabinose, the method allows good and reproducible separation of carbohydrates found in soluble coffee and, therefore, is suitable for routine analysis. The anion-exchange chromatographic method with pulsed amperometry for determining carbohydrates in soluble (instant) coffee has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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14

Xiao, Sheng, Ding Chen-Xu, Liu Ling-Jun, Suo You-Rui, Sun Zhi-Wei, and You Jin-Mao. "Separation of Derivatized Carbohydrates by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis." Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 36, no. 3 (March 2008): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60022-5.

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15

Lindhardt, Robert J., and Azra Pervin. "Separation of negatively charged carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00265-0.

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16

Fu, Qing, Tu Liang, Zhenyu Li, Xiaoyong Xu, Yanxiong Ke, Yu Jin, and Xinmiao Liang. "Separation of carbohydrates using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography." Carbohydrate Research 379 (September 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.006.

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17

Hadj-Kali, Mohamed K., and Inas M. AlNashef. "Using Ionic Liquids for the Separation of Carbohydrates." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 6, no. 6 (December 2015): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2015.v6.521.

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18

REN, Hao, and Masamitsu FUNAOKA. "Separation and Features of Carbohydrates in Bamboo Lignocellulosics." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 33, no. 4 (2008): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.33.1145.

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19

Wolfgang, J., A. Prior, H. J. Bart, R. C. Messenböck, and C. H. Byers. "Continuous Separation of Carbohydrates by Ion-Exchange Chromatography." Separation Science and Technology 32, no. 1-4 (January 1997): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399708003187.

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20

Kav, Batuhan, Andrea Grafmüller, Emanuel Schneck, and Thomas R. Weikl. "Weak carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions in membrane adhesion are fuzzy and generic." Nanoscale 12, no. 33 (2020): 17342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03696j.

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21

Woitassek, Dennis, José G. Moya-Cancino, Yangyang Sun, Yefan Song, Dennis Woschko, Stefan Roitsch, and Christoph Janiak. "Sweet, Sugar-Coated Hierarchical Platinum Nanostructures for Easy Support, Heterogenization and Separation." Chemistry 4, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 1147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4040078.

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Metal nanoparticles are increasingly gaining interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we present a novel strategy for synthesizing sugar-coated platinum nanostructures (SC-Pt-NS) from the carbohydrates sucrose and D(-)-fructose. In the synthesis from a mixture of H2PtCl6·6H2O, the carbohydrate in an ionic liquid (IL) yielded primary particles of a homogeneous average size of ~10 nm, which were aggregated to hierarchical Pt nanostructures of ~40–65 nm and surrounded or supported by the carbohydrate. These sugar-coated platinum nanostructures present a facile way to support and heterogenize nanoparticles, avoid leaching and enable easier separation and handling. The catalytic activity of the SC-Pt-NS was shown in the hydrosilylation test reaction of phenylacetylene with triethylsilane, where very high turnover frequency (TOF) values of up to 87,200 h−1 could be achieved, while the platinum metal leaching into the product was very low.

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22

Hanaki, Keisuke, Tomonori Matsuo, Michihiko Nagase, and Yoshihisa Tabata. "Evaluation of Effectiveness of Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion Process Degrading Complex Substrate." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0211.

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The effectiveness of two-phase anaerobic digestion in degrading complex substrates was studied by using a continuous acidogenic reactor and batch experiments. When 4,600 mg COD/l of milk consisting of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, was fed to the acidogenic reactor, carbohydrates were easily converted to acids although protein degradation was insufficient and lipids were not degraded. The condition which gave greater than 95% carbohydrate degradation was a pH of not less than 4.5 at a constant HRT of 18 hours, and HRT longer than 6 hours at a constant pH of 6.0. Low pH or short HRT within the optimal range brought about the production of more n-butyrate instead of propionate. Degradation of egg albumin in the two-phase system required a longer HRT (about 5 days) than the ordinary acidogenic reactor. Batch experiments using the mixed liquor from the acidogenic reactor suggest that phase separation is not very effective for the degradation of carbohydrates and proteins, but it can prevent the inhibition caused by lipids.

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23

Nguyen, D. T., H. Lerch, A. Zemann, and G. Bonn. "Separation of derivatized carbohydrates by co-electroosmotic capillary electrophoresis." Chromatographia 46, no. 3-4 (August 1997): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02495320.

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24

Duarte-Junior, Gerson F., Eulício O. Lobo-Júnior, Íris Medeiros Junior, José A. Fracassi da Silva, Claudimir L. do Lago, and Wendell K. T. Coltro. "Separation of carbohydrates on electrophoresis microchips with controlled electrolysis." ELECTROPHORESIS 40, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201800354.

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25

Zemann, Andreas, Duc Tuan Nguyen, and Günther Bonn. "Fast separation of underivatized carbohydrates by coelectroosmotic capillary electrophoresis." Electrophoresis 18, no. 7 (1997): 1142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180720.

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26

Vo, Huyen Thanh, Chang Soo Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, and Hyunjoo Lee. "Ionic Liquid-assisted Separation of Carbohydrates from Lignocellulosic Biomass." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 37, no. 8 (July 27, 2016): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.10860.

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27

Motagamwala, Ali Hussain, Wangyun Won, Christos T. Maravelias, and James A. Dumesic. "An engineered solvent system for sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass using biomass derived γ-valerolactone." Green Chemistry 18, no. 21 (2016): 5756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02297a.

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28

Quental, Maria V., Matheus M. Pereira, Ana M. Ferreira, Sónia N. Pedro, Shahla Shahriari, Aminou Mohamadou, João A. P. Coutinho, and Mara G. Freire. "Enhanced separation performance of aqueous biphasic systems formed by carbohydrates and tetraalkylphosphonium- or tetraalkylammonium-based ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 20, no. 13 (2018): 2978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc00622a.

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29

Gürel, A., J. Hızal, N. Öztekin, and F. B. Erim. "CE Determination of Carbohydrates Using a Dipeptide as Separation Electrolyte." Chromatographia 64, no. 5-6 (August 31, 2006): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0032-6.

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30

Angyal, S. J. "Chromatography on Cation Columns: a Much-Neglected Method of Separation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 2 (2002): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch01067.

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Chromatography on a column of cations immobilized on a cation-exchange resin is particularly suitable for the separation of polyhydroxy compounds, particularly carbohydrates. Neodymium is recommended as the cation of choice.

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31

Jeyaseelan, S., and T. Matsuo. "Effects of phase separation in anaerobic digestion on different substrates." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0355.

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Treatment characteristics of two different substrates were investigated by two-phase anaerobic digestion at 20 °C. One substrate contained 87 percent carbohydrates and proteins and the other 94 percent carbohydrates and lipids. The anaerobic system consisted of a completely mixed reactor for hydrolysis and acidogenesis reactions, and an upflow filter for methanogeneous conversions. The experiments showed that the best phase separation occurs with 4 to 8 hours of detention times within the acid reactor. A single anaerobic system with upflow anaerobic filter alone for the same total detention times at the same substrate concentrations was operated for comparison. The results proved that two-phase digestion systems have higher digestion efficiencies than corresponding single-phase digestion systems. For substrates with more lipids the digestion efficiencies were very much greater.

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32

Danilchuk, Yulia V. "Thermal effect of carbohydrate dissolution in aqueous-organic media." Health, Food & Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (September 18, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/hfb.2020.i4.s77.

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This work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of connection of temperature dependence of the solubility of carbohydrates with thermal effect of their dissolution in the water-containing organic solvents that is of great importance for optimization of the technology of their extraction from plant raw materials and further purification and separation by recrystallization. The dependence of the solubility of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in aqueous isopropanol and acetone at temperatures of 298 К (25 оС) and 275 К (2 оС) from water content in a solvent was studied. The constancy of the mechanism of solubility of carbohydrates in these environments in the given temperature interval is experimentally proved. For the first time based on the equation of Vant-Goff the logical connection of temperature dependence of solubility and thermal effect of solubility of carbohydrates is strictly grounded. The values of the thermal effect that are determined by the experimental data allow calculating the solubility of the studied carbohydrates in the aqueous–organic solvent of different concentration in the temperature range from 2оС to 25 оС. It has been established that the main contribution to the thermal effect of dissolving carbohydrates is the hydration process. Solvation by molecules of organic solvent practically does not change the value of the specified thermal effect. The significance of determined temperature dependences of the solubility of fructose, glucose and maltose is shown to optimize the technological conditions for the separation of glucose-fructose and glucose-maltose syrups by selective crystallization.

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33

Rizki, Zulhaj, Anja E. M. Janssen, Albert van der Padt, and Remko M. Boom. "Separation of Fructose and Glucose via Nanofiltration in Presence of Fructooligosaccharides." Membranes 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100298.

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Fructose and glucose are commonly present together in mixtures and may need to be separated. Current separation methods for these isomers are complex and costly. Nanofiltration is a cost-effective method that has been widely used for separating carbohydrates of different sizes; however, it is not commonly used for such similar molecules. Here, we report the separation of fructose and glucose in a nanofiltration system in the presence of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Experiments were performed using a pilot-scale filtration setup using a spiral wound nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 1 kDa. We observed three important factors that affected the separation: (1) separation of monosaccharides only occurred in the presence of FOS and became more effective when FOS dominated the solution; (2) better separation was achieved when the monosaccharides were mainly fructose; and (3) the presence of salt improved the separation only moderately. The rejection ratio (Rf/Rg) in a fructose/glucose mixture is 0.92. We reported a rejection ratio of 0.69, which was observed in a mixture of 50 g/L FOS with a fructose to glucose ratio of 4.43. The separation is hypothesized to occur due to selective transport in the FOS layer, resulting in a preferential binding towards fructose.

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Пучкова, Татьяна Сергеевна, Василий Аркадьевич Бызов, Дания Мустафиевна Пихало, and Оксана Михайловна Карасева. "Study of chromatographic separation of carbohydrates of inulin and oligofruc-tose." Food processing industry, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.7.7.016.

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Во ВНИИ крахмалопродуктов разрабатывается универсальная технология инулина и олигофруктозы из цикория и топинамбура. Исследования по хроматографическому разделению углеводов инулина и олигофруктозы с использованием катионообменной смолы марки PCR641Ca компании «Пьюролайт» (США) проводили в колонке размерами 1,7х75 см, при следующих условиях: количество загруженной смолы - 150 см; объем загрузки исходного продукта - 10 % (15 см); температура -20…25 °С и 45…50 °С; скорость элюирования - 0,9-1,1 см/мин. Процесс хроматографического разделения контролировали по сухому веществу, углеводному составу и удельному вращению в элюатах. Для хроматографического разделения использовали инулин марки «Рафтилин», а также олигофруктозный сироп. Образец олигофруктозного сиропа получали из инулинсодержащего сиропа цикория, дополнительно очищенного активным углем, а также на ионообменных смолах. Гидролиз проводили с использованием ферментного препарата инулиназы марки «Новозим 960» компании «Новозаймс» (Дания). При хроматографическом разделении углеводов инулина, содержащего 89,17 % инулина, 10,83 % ди- и моносахаридов, получена фракция элюата, содержащая 95 % инулина и 5 % олиго- и дисахаридов, что соответствует показателям качества импортного инулина. При хроматографическом разделении фруктоолигосахаридного сиропа, содержащего 87,31 % ФОС и 12,69 % ди- и моносахаридов, получена фракция элюата с содержанием не менее 98 % ФОС, что соответствует показателям сертификата качества импортной олигофруктозы. Хроматографическое разделение углеводов инулинсодержащего и фруктоолигосахаридного сиропов позволяет выделить инулин с содержанием не менее 95 % и олигофруктозу с содержанием не менее 98 % ФОС для создания новых безопасных пищевых продуктов лечебно-профилактического и оздоровительного питания населения.

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Zhang, Zhenqing, Zhongping Xiao, and Robert J. Linhardt. "Thin Layer Chromatography for the Separation and Analysis of Acidic Carbohydrates." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 32, no. 11-12 (May 19, 2009): 1711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070902956402.

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Carneiro, Aristides P., Oscar Rodríguez, and Eugénia A. Macedo. "Separation of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols from ionic liquids using antisolvents." Separation and Purification Technology 132 (August 2014): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.027.

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37

McGinnis, Gary D., Shawn Prince, and James Lowrimore. "The Use of Reverse-Phase Columns for Separation of Unsubstituted Carbohydrates." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 5, no. 1 (March 1986): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328308608082645.

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38

Koizumi, Kyoko. "High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of carbohydrates on graphitized carbon columns." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)01274-1.

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39

FINLEY, J. W. "DENSITY SEPARATION OF PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATES IN A NONAQUEOUS SOLVENT SYSTEM." Journal of Food Science 41, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb00744_41_4.x.

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40

Vrbaški, Lj, S. Markov, J. Jakovljević, and Ž. Lepojević. "Improved thin-layer chromatography separation of carbohydrates in wort and beer." Biotechnology Techniques 6, no. 5 (September 1992): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447480.

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41

Meyer, Martin, Lidia Montero, Sven W. Meckelmann, and Oliver J. Schmitz. "Comparative study for analysis of carbohydrates in biological samples." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 2117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03845-z.

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AbstractThis work presents a comparative study for the analysis of carbohydrates for four common chromatographic methods, each coupled to mass spectrometry. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and gas chromatography (GC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) are compared. It is shown that gas chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, each after derivatisation, are superior to the other two methods in terms of separation performance. Furthermore, comparing the different working modes of the mass spectrometer, it can be determined that a targeted analysis, i.e. moving from full scan to single ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), results in an improvement in the sensitivity as well as the repeatability of the method, which has deficiencies especially in the analysis using HILIC. Overall, RP-LC–MS in MRM after derivatisation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) proved to be the most suitable method in terms of separation performance, sensitivity and repeatability for the analysis of monosaccharides. Detection limits in the nanomolar range were achieved, which corresponds to a mass concentration in the low µg/L range. The applicability of this method to different biological samples was investigated with various herbal liquors, pectins and a human glycoprotein. Graphical abstract

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42

Byrne, Dominic P., James A. London, Patrick A. Eyers, Edwin A. Yates, and Alan Cartmell. "Mobility shift-based electrophoresis coupled with fluorescent detection enables real-time enzyme analysis of carbohydrate sulfatase activity." Biochemical Journal 478, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200952.

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Sulfated carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental process, which occurs in all domains of life. Carbohydrate sulfatases are enzymes that remove sulfate groups from carbohydrates and are essential to the depolymerisation of complex polysaccharides. Despite their biological importance, carbohydrate sulfatases are poorly studied and challenges remain in accurately assessing the enzymatic activity, specificity and kinetic parameters. Most notably, the separation of desulfated products from sulfated substrates is currently a time-consuming process. In this paper, we describe the development of rapid capillary electrophoresis coupled to substrate fluorescence detection as a high-throughput and facile means of analysing carbohydrate sulfatase activity. The approach has utility for the determination of both kinetic and inhibition parameters and is based on existing microfluidic technology coupled to a new synthetic fluorescent 6S-GlcNAc carbohydrate substrate. Furthermore, we compare this technique, in terms of both time and resources, to high-performance anion exchange chromatography and NMR-based methods, which are the two current ‘gold standards’ for enzymatic carbohydrate sulfation analysis. Our study clearly demonstrates the advantages of mobility shift assays for the quantification of near real-time carbohydrate desulfation by purified sulfatases, and will support the search for small molecule inhibitors of these disease-associated enzymes.

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Cséfalvay, Edit, and Zoltán Bakacsi. "Chemical-free Processing of Sweet Sorghum Juice of Cultivar Sucrosorgho 506." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (June 14, 2018): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12056.

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The development of sweet sorghum syrup producing technology for the juice of cultivar Sucrosorgho 506 was completed. The applicability of different existing syrup production technologies including sugar beet-based sugar production technology, and sugar cane processing technology was also tested. The new chemical-free syrup production technology was realized at laboratory-scale and large laboratory-scale. The proposed technology offers a chemical free separation and concentration of carbohydrates, and consists of centrifugal separation; ultrafiltration extended with an approved sterilization followed by nanofiltration to separate carbohydrates and inorganics, and finally a vacuum evaporation to reach syrup state. By using this technology the initial glucose:fructose:sucrose ratio could be preserved in the syrup, therefore not limiting its further use. The possible food application was established by sensory analysis. It was revealed that the syrup produced via the developed process obtained the most attractive character that enables the opportunity to use as natural sweetener.

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Li, Haiying, Bo Meng, Shannon M. Mahurin, Song-Hai Chai, Kimberly M. Nelson, David C. Baker, Honglai Liu, and Sheng Dai. "Carbohydrate based hyper-crosslinked organic polymers with –OH functional groups for CO2 separation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 42 (2015): 20913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03213j.

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A class of novel hyper-crosslinked microporous polymers, based on green and renewable carbohydrates, was synthesized for carbon capture and storage with high CO₂/N₂ selectivity by hydrogen bonding and dipole–quadrupole interactions.

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45

Eberendu, Alexis R., Christy Booth, Gabriela Luta, Joshua A. Edwards, and Bill H. McAnalley. "Quantitative Determination of Saccharides in Dietary Glyconutritional Products by Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 998–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.4.998.

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Abstract A new technique for the assay of carbohydrates is described in which separation and quantification of neutral saccharides, aminosaccharides, glycuronic acids, and disaccharides may be accomplished in less than 50 min of total run time. This method involves optimized anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with integrated pulse amperometric detection. Complex carbohydrates from various sources, including dietary supplements, were hydrolyzed in a dilute solution of trifluoroacetic acid, freeze-dried, and reconstituted in water containing 2-deoxygalactose as the internal standard. The solution was filtered and separated on CarboPac PA20 column. The eluted saccharides were detected by oxidation on a gold electrode with quadruple-pulsed integrated amperometry. The calibration plots for the saccharides were linear with an average correlation coefficient of 0.999. Method precisionc regarding peak retention time and resolution used in the peak identifications was verified. With this method, previously difficult-to-separate saccharides, such as galactosamine, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine, were successfully resolved from the neutral saccharides rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. Mannose was also resolved from xylose, and de-acetylation of aminosaccharides prior to separation was not necessary. This technique provides an accurate and efficient means to assay carbohydrates in dietary supplements, which new federal regulations will soon mandate.

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Crha, Tomáš, and Jiří Pazourek. "Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements." Foods 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091164.

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This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.

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Schall, Eszter, Kitti Török, Marietta Klaudia Juhászné Szentmiklóssy, Renáta Németh, and Sándor Tömösközi. "Development of separation techniques for complex characterization of plant proteins and carbohydrates." Élelmiszervizsgálati Közlemények 68, no. 4 (2022): 4206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52091/evik-2022/4-5-eng.

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In the Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality at the Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science of BME, separation technique has been part of the methods used for the complex quality assessment of food and food ingredients for a long time. Our colleagues working in our current and predecessor department achieved serious results with the help of their separation technique methods, for example in the analysis of protein and carbohydrate composition, analysis of lipids (fatty acids), quantitative and qualitative evaluation of biogenic amines and amino acids, etc. In addition to determining the composition of the raw material, the impact of different molecules on quality and technological properties was always an important question. It was always possible to investigate this using the modern tools and methods of the time, so the application of gel chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and electrophoretic techniques determined the quality of both research and education. In recent years, the research group has mainly dealt with the quality of grains, their composition, their technological potential and their evaluation from a food safety aspect. For the research of these areas, molecular level (mainly protein and fibre composition) examinations have become essential, for which modern electrophoretic and chromatographic methods are excellent tools. However, their proper application is a great challenge, because in most cases, serious method development and/or method adaptation and partial validation tasks are required for their routine use. In the following, we provide a brief overview of the projects and results achieved in our research group in the field of separation techniques through a few application examples.

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48

Budarin, Vitaly, James H. Clark, Fabien E. I. Deswarte, Jeffrey J. E. Hardy, Andrew J. Hunt, and Francesca M. Kerton. "Delicious not siliceous: expanded carbohydrates as renewable separation media for column chromatography." Chemical Communications, no. 23 (2005): 2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b502330k.

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Nagy, Gabe, Tianyuan Peng, and Nicola L. B. Pohl. "Recent liquid chromatographic approaches and developments for the separation and purification of carbohydrates." Analytical Methods 9, no. 24 (2017): 3579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01094j.

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Tiihonen, Jari, Eeva-Liisa Peuha, Marko Latva-Kokko, Sirpa Silander, and Erkki Paatero. "Subcritical water as eluent for chromatographic separation of carbohydrates using cation-exchange resins." Separation and Purification Technology 44, no. 2 (July 2005): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2004.12.015.

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