Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbohydrates Separation

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbohydrates Separation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

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Honda, Susumu, Shigeo Suzuki, and Kazuaki Kakehi. "Separation of carbohydrates and lectins on carbohydrate-immobilized resins." Journal of Chromatography A 396 (January 1987): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94045-2.

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Mu, Yuqing, Benjamin Schulz, and Vito Ferro. "Applications of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102557.

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Carbohydrate analyses are often challenging due to the structural complexity of these molecules, as well as the lack of suitable analytical tools for distinguishing the vast number of possible isomers. The coupled technique, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), has been in use for two decades for the analysis of complex biomolecules, and in recent years it has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of carbohydrates. For carbohydrates, most studies have focused on the separation and characterization of isomers in biological samples. IM-MS is capable of separating isomeric ions by drift time, and further characterizing them by mass analysis. Applications of IM-MS in carbohydrate analysis are extremely useful and important for understanding many biological mechanisms and for the determination of disease states, although efforts are still needed for higher sensitivity and resolution.
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Gillarová, Simona, Svatopluk Henke, Tomáš Svoboda, Pavel Kadlec, Andrea Hinková, Zdeněk Bubník, Vladimír Pour, and Marcela Sluková. "Chromatographic separation of mannitol from mixtures of other carbohydrates in aqueous solutions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 4 (August 29, 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2021-cjfs.

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The isolation of mannitol from natural sources, e.g. from plant extracts or broths, requires considerable time and effort. The separation of mannitol from aqueous solutions containing also glucose, fructose, and sucrose was tested using discontinuous preparative anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. The suitability of the application in the separation of carbohydrates and especially mannitol was tested under various conditions and using three different types of ion-exchangers. The effect of sorbent regeneration and modification on the separation was also examined using different concentrations and volumes of chemical agents. The fractions collected after the discontinuous chromatography were analysed on the content of mannitol by the high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method. The successful isolation of pure mannitol fraction, using water as a mobile phase and a combination of sodium chloride and hydroxide for sorbent regeneration, was achieved only on anion-exchange chromatography.
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Templeton, David W., Matthew Quinn, Stefanie Van Wychen, Deborah Hyman, and Lieve M. L. Laurens. "Separation and quantification of microalgal carbohydrates." Journal of Chromatography A 1270 (December 2012): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.034.

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Lachmann, B., and C. Noe. "KAPILLARELEKTROPHORETISCHE BESTIMMUNG VON KOHLENHYDRAT-ENANTI0MEREN." Scientia Pharmaceutica 69, no. 4 (December 28, 2001): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-01-201.

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Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile analytical technique for the determination of a very widespread range of compounds. Many applications for the separation of different pharmaceuticals, ions, herbicides and biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and peptides have been published over the last decade. A comparatively new field is the separation and determination of carbohydrates bycapillary electrophoresis, especially the assignment of absolute configuration. These methods will also gain importance in the field of pharmaceutical carbohydrate analysis. In this review a short overview ofthe different methods and separation procedures is given and some applications for the separation of sugar enantiomers are described in more detail.
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Starr, Christopher M., R. Irene Masada, Chuck Hague, Elisa Skop, and John C. Klock. "Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis in the separation, analysis, and sequencing of carbohydrates." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00749-0.

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Nguyễn, Mạnh Khắc, Hòa Từ Nguyễn, Khuê Ngọc Nguyễn, Diễm My Lâm Huỳnh, Du Huy Nguyễn, and Mai Ánh Nguyễn. "Development of an analytical method for determination of carbohydrates in food by gc - fid using chemical derivatization with anhydride acetic acid." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i2.874.

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The present research describes a simple and inexpensive derivatization method that uses acetylation to address the challenges associated with the quantification of the ten most common carbohydrates. The derivatization reaction has two periods : (1) The oxime formation of carbohydrates was carried out at 15 minutes, 500 µL of NH2OH 2.5% and 60 ºC and (2) acetylation of carbohydrates was carried out at 45 minutes, 600 µL of AAA and 80ºC. Most of the carbohydrates generate single peaks via chromatographic separation, except fructose, which generates a double peak. The procedure was successfully applied to analyze carbohydrates in some samples including honey, fresh milk, and polysaccharide hydrolyzate. The method validation results had the linear concentration range of carbohydrates at 50-4000 mg/g, the LODs at 20-50 µg/g, the relative standard deviations (% RSDs) of peak area under 5.0 % and the accuracy at 95–115% of recoveries. The method was applied to determine carbohydrate content in raw milk, honey, and hydrolysis polysaccharide extract. The results showed that the honey sample has fructose and glucose content of 65.8% and 33.4%, respectively, while sucrose makes up 0.74% of the total carbohydrate content. The raw milk sample has lactose content of 47.6% of the total carbohydrates. Some rare polysaccharides such as arabinose and xylose were found in the hydrolysis polysaccharide extract from the mushroom sample.
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Бызов, Василий Аркадьевич, Татьяна Сергеевна Пучкова, and Дания Мустафиевна Пихало. "Investigation of chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates with identification by molecular weight of oligosaccharides." Food processing industry, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.12.12.008.

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Во ВНИИК разрабатывается универсальная технология инулина из цикория и топинамбура. Исследования по хроматографическому разделению углеводов инулина с использованием катионообменной смолы марки PCR641Ca компании «Пьюролайт» (США) проводили в колонке размерами 1,7х75 см, при следующих условиях: количество загруженной смолы - 150 см, объем загрузки исходного продукта - 10 % (15 см), температура - 50 °С, скорость элюирования - 0,9-1,1 см/мин. Процесс хроматографического разделения контролировали по сухому веществу, углеводному составу и удельному вращению в элюатах. Для определения углеводного состава элюатов при разделении использовали колонку марки Resex RSO Oligosaccaride, позволившую идентифицировать по молекулярной массе олигосахариды с различной степенью полимеризации (Dp 5-9). Для исследований по хроматографическому разделению использовали раствор инулина марки «Рафтилин», содержащий 72,85 % инулина; олигосахариды: Dp 9 - 8,86 %; Dp 8 - 6,33 %; ∑Dp 6, 7 - 3,79 %; Dp 5 - 2,10 %; дисахариды - 4,47 %; фруктозу - 1,6 %; сумма Dp 9-5 21,08 %. Установлено, что при хроматографическом разделении раствора инулина по мере повышения массовой доли сухого вещества в пределах 10-30 % его содержание в элюате возрастает в три раза. Определен углеводный состав элюатов после хроматографического разделения с идентификацией по молекулярной массе с Dp 9-5. Установлена возможность выделения фракции высокомолекулярного инулина и фруктоолигосахаридов с Dp 9-6. При этом высокомолекулярные углеводы и фруктоолигосахариды с Dp 9-6 составляют 98 %, а низкомолекулярные с Dp менее 5 - 2 %. В качестве экспресс-метода при хроматографическом разделении инулина рекомендован поляриметрический метод контроля углеводного состава элюата. Получены закономерности хроматографического разделения и установлена возможность эффективного их разделения на высокомолекулярные и низкомолекулярные углеводы инулина. Хроматографическое разделение углеводов инулина позволяет выделить фракции с содержанием 92-98 % инулина и фруктоолигосахаридов с Dp 9-6 для создания новых безопасных пищевых продуктов лечебно-профилактического и оздоровительного питания населения. ARRISP is developing a universal technology for inulin from chicory and Jerusalem artichoke. Studies on the chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates using a PCR641Ca cation exchange resin from Purolight (USA) were carried out in a column 1.7x75 cm in size, under the following conditions: the amount of resin loaded was 150 cm; loading volume of the initial product - 10 % (15 cm); temperature - 50 °С; elution rate - 0.9-1.1 cm/min. The process of chromatographic separation was controlled by dry matter, carbohydrate composition and specific rotation in the eluates. To determine the carbohydrate composition of the eluates during separation, a Resex RSO Oligosaccaride column was used, which made it possible to identify oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (Dp 5-9) by molecular weight. For studies on chromatographic separation, we used a Raftilin inulin solution containing 72.85 % inulin; oligosaccharides: Dp 9 - 8.86 %; Dp 8 - 6.33 %; ∑Dp 6, 7 - 3.79 %; Dp 5 - 2.10 %; disaccharides - 4.47 %; fructose - 1.6 %; sum Dp 9-5 - 21.08 %. It has been established that during the chromatographic separation of an inulin solution, as the mass fraction of dry matter increases within 10-30%, it’s content in the eluate increases three times. The carbohydrate composition of the eluates was determined after chromatographic separation with identification by molecular weight with Dp 9-5. The possibility of isolating the fraction of high molecular weight inulin and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 was established. At the same time, high-molecular carbohydrates and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 make up 98 %, and low-molecular carbohydrates with Dp less than 5-2 %. As an express method for the chromatographic separation of inulin, a polarimetric method for monitoring the carbohydrate composition of the eluate is recommended. Regularities of chromatographic separation were obtained and the possibility of their effective separation into high and low molecular weight inulin carbohydrates was established. Chromatographic separation of inulin carbohydrates makes it possible to isolate fractions containing 92-98 % inulin and fructooligosaccharides with Dp 9-6 to create new safe food products for therapeutic and prophylactic, and health-improving nutrition of the population.
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Honda, Susumu. "Separation of neutral carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 720, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00022-4.

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Prodolleet, Jacques, Emmanuel Bugner, and Max Feevberg. "Determination of Carbohydrates in Soluble Coffee by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 768–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.3.768.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to validate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method to determine the free and total (after acid hydrolysis) carbohydrate profile of soluble coffee. Carbohydrates were separated on a pellicular anion-exchange column using pure water as mobile phase, and were detected by pulsed amperometry. Eleven collaborators were sent 6 test samples of commercial soluble coffee for duplicate analysis. They were also sent a practice sample with known levels of free and total carbohydrates and material for preparation of all standard solutions. The reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 9.9–59.5% for mannitol, 35.6–72.6% for fucose, 4.9–21.1% for arabinose, 4.1–13.0% for galactose, 6.1–24.3% for glucose, 10.0–41.6% for sucrose, 20.2–37.7% for xylose, 10.6–40.0% for mannose, 15.5–71.7% for fructose, and 17.8–97.9% for ribose. Precision in the determination of free and total carbohydrates was very similar. The average repeatability RSDr and RSDR values were 4.5 and 14.3%, respectively, for carbohydrate levels above 0.3%. The precision of the technique was considered good, regardless of the usual peak integration problems always encountered in LC, the low levels of free carbohydrates, the hydrolysis step, and the relative lack of experience of most participating laboratories. The method allows good and reproducible separation of all major carbohydrates found in soluble coffee and is, therefore, suitable for routine analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

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Meinhart, Adriana Dillenburg. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia para separação de carboidratos predominantes em alimentos por eletroforese capilar." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254325.

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Orientadores: Helena Teixeira Godoy, Roy Edward Bruns
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T15:04:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meinhart_AdrianaDillenburg_D.pdf: 1252628 bytes, checksum: b7a02daccb3ff84e9c4321162440ec4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Os carboidratos são compostos muito abundantes na natureza. Estão presentes em todas as etapas evolutivas, tanto em vegetais como animais. Quaisquer reações, de anabolismo ou catabolismo envolvem, de alguma forma, algum carboidrato. Na indústria alimentícia são responsáveis por diversos fenômenos que promovem efeitos químicos, físicos e sensoriais nos alimentos. A importância destes compostos acompanha etapas que vão desde a obtenção da matéria-prima, a formulação, o processamento, as características do produto final até o tratamento dos resíduos gerados. São compostos de ações biológicas e tecnológicas distintas, mas de características físico-químicas semelhantes e, por isso, de difícil separação. Diversos métodos já foram desenvolvidos para a análise desses compostos. No entanto, dentre a literatura pesquisada, nenhum método investigou a possibilidade de separação simultânea dos 13 carboidratos geralmente encontrados em alimentos: glicose, frutose, sacarose, lactose, galactose, lactulose, epilactose, arabinose, manose, maltose, xilose, ribose e maltotriose. Nesse estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos de três diferentes metodologias na separação desses compostos, envolvendo eletroforese capilar de zona, cromatografia eletrocinética micelar com tensoativo catiônico e tensoativo aniônico. Foram investigados diversos fatores que possam influenciar na separação, dentre eles, o tipo e a concentração do eletrólito, o pH, a concentração de surfactante, a voltagem, temperatura, adição de outros sais como tetraborato de sódio, fosfato de sódio, acetato de sódio e cloreto de sódio e a adição de solventes orgânicos como etanol e acetonitrila. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas multivariadas para a otimização do pH, da concentração do eletrólito e do tensoativo. Através da função de Derringer e Suich foi possível realizar a avaliação simultânea de várias respostas e prever as condições analíticas das metodologias de separação. Utilizando a eletroforese capilar de zona foi possível obter a separação de 8 compostos, por cromatografia eletrocinética micelar contendo surfactante catiônico foi possível separar 9 compostos (sacarose, lactose, lactulose, glicose, arabinose, manose, frutose, xilose e ribose), enquanto que utilizando tensoativo aniônico foi obtida a separação dos 13 compostos. Os métodos estatísticos multivariados se apresentaram como uma valiosa ferramenta para o tratamento dos dados e a predição matemática das condições ótimas de separação. Além disso, permitiram a redução do número de experimentos aliada a obtenção de um grande número de informações a respeito dos sistemas estudados
Abstract: The carbohydrates are compounds very abundant in nature. They are present in all evolutionary steps, both in vegetables and animals. Any metabolism or synthesis reaction involves, in some way, a carbohydrate. In food industries, carbohydrates are compounds responsible for several phenomena that promote chemical, physical and sensorial effects. These compounds are important in raw material obtention, formulation, processing, final product characteristics and generated residue treatment. They are compounds having different biological and technological actions, but with similar physico-chemical characteristics and, for this reason, are hard of separate. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of these compounds. However, in the research literature, no method investigating the possibility of simultaneous separation of the 13 carbohydrates commonly found in foods: glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, lactulose, epilactose, arabinose, mannose, maltose, xylose, ribose and maltotriose was found. In this work, three different methodologies for the separation of these compounds were evaluated, involving capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography with cationic and anionic surfactants. Several factors that could influence the separation were assayed, electrolyte type and concentration, voltage, temperature, addition of sodium tetraborate, sodium phosphate, sodium acetate and sodium chloride salts and addition of organic solvents like ethanol and acetonitrile. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to optimize pH and electrolyte and surfactant concentrations. Employing the Derringer and Suich desirability function it was possible to make a simultaneous evaluation of several responses and predict the optimum analytical conditions of separation. Using the method of capillary zone electrophoresis it was possible to obtain the separation of 8 compounds, by micellar electrokinetic chromatography containing cationic surfactant. It was possible to separate 9 compounds (sucrose, lactose, lactulose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, fructose, xylose and ribose), when using an anionic surfactant. it was obtained the 13 compounds separation. The multivariate statistical methods were a valuable tool for data treatment and for mathematical prediction of the optimum separation conditions. Moreover, they allowed a reduction in number of experiments as well as the obtention of a great amount of information concerning the studied systems
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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Bennett, Raffeal. "Gradient Enhanced Fluidity Liquid Chromatography using the Hydrophilic Interaction Separation Mode." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500995708235286.

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Ganetsos, George. "The chromatographic separation of carbohydrate mixtures." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10220/.

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The separation performance of a semicontinuous counter-current chromatographic refiner (SCCR7), consisting of twelve 5.4 cm id x 75cm long columns packed with calcium charged cross-linked polysytrene resin (KORELA VO7C), was optimised. An industrial barley syrup was used containing 42% fructose, 52% glucose and 6% maltose and oligosaccharides. The effects of temperature, flow rates and concentration on the distribution coefficients were evaluated and quantified by deriving general relationships. The effects of flow rates, feed composition and concentration on the separation performance of the SCCR7 were identified and general relationships between them and the switch time, which was found to be the controlling parameter, were developed. Fructose rich (FRP) and glucose rich (GRP) product purities of 99.9% were obtained at 18.6% w/v feed concentrations. When a 66% w/v feed concentration was used and product splitting technique was employed, the throughput was 32.1 kg sugar solids/m3 resin/hr. The GRP contained less than 4.5% fructose, the FRP was over 95% pure, and the respective concentrations were 22.56 and 11.29% w/v. Over 94% of the glucose and 95.78% of the fructose in the feed were recovered in the GRP and FRP respectively. By recycling the dilute product split fractions, the GRP and FRP concentrations were increased to 25.4 and 12.96% w/v; the FRP was 90.2% pure and the GRP contained 6.69% w/v fructose. A theoretical link between batch and semicontinuous chromatographic equipments has been determined. A computer simulation was developed predicting successfully the purging concentration profiles at `pseudo-equilibrium', and also certain system design parameters. An important further aspect of the work has been to study the behaviour of chromatographic bioreactor-separators. Such batch systems of 5.4cm id and lengths varying between 30 and 230cm, were used to investigate the effect of scaling up on the conversion of sucrose into dextran and fructose in the presence of the dextransucrase enzyme. Conversions of over 80% were achieved at 4 hr sucrose residence times. The crude dextransucrase was purified using centrifugation, ultrafiltration and cross-flow microfiltration techniques. Better enzyme stability was obtained by first separating the non-solid impurities using cross-flow microfiltration, and then removing the cells from the enzyme immediately before use by continuous centrifugation.
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Thirkill, Christopher L. "The cross-flow chromatographic separation of carbohydrate mixtures." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10236/.

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Bridges, Stephen. "Continuous annular chromatography for the separation of carbohydrate mixtures." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9718/.

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The continuous separation of beet molasses resulting in a sucrose rich product and a non-sugar waste product was carried out using a rotating annular chromatograph. The annulus was 12 mm wide and 1.4 m long and was packed with a sodium charged 5.5% cross-linked polystyrene ion exchange resin. Separation was achieved by the simultaneous mechanisms of ion exclusion, size exclusion and partition chromatography. The entire packed bed was slowly rotated while beet molasses was fed continuously through a stationary feed nozzle to the top of the bed. Each molasses constituent having a different relative affinity for the packing and the deionised water mobile phase describes a characteristic helical path as it progresses from the stationary feed point to the bottom of the rotating bed. Each solute then elutes from the annulus at a different angular distance from the feed and separation of the multicomponent mixture is thereby achieved. When a 35% w/w sucrose beet molasses feed was used the throughput achievable was 45.1 kg sucrose m~3 resin h"1. In addition to beet molasses separation other carbohydrate mixtures were separated. In particular the separation of glucose and fructose by Ligand exchange chromatography on a calcium charged ion exchange bed was carried out. The effects of flowrates, concentration, rotation rate, temperature and particle size on resolution and dilution of constituents in the mixtures to be separated were studied. A small test rig was designed and built to determine the cause of liquid maldistribution around the annulus. The problem was caused by the porous bed support media becoming clogged with fines being introduced by eluent flows and off the resin. An outer ring was constructed to house the bed support which could be quickly replaced with the onset of maldistribution. The computer simulation of the operation of the rotating annular chromatograph has been carried out successfully.
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Crawford, Andrew John. "A study of carbohydrate stationary phases for the separation of enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34638/.

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The relationship between the structure and chromatographic properties of silica is discussed and the preparation and properties of chemically-bonded stationary phases based on silica are reviewed. A detailed account is given of the history of the development of carbohydrate-based stationary phases, including microcrystalline cellulose, other polysaccharides and monosaccharides and their ester and carbamate derivatives, with emphasis on their utility for the chromatographic resolution of enantiomers. Mechanisms of chiral discrimination by these and other types of chiral HPLC phases are discussed in terms of the interactions between functionalitles in the stationary phase and solute enantiomers. An overview is given of literature methods for the preparation of oligosaccharide derivatives with suitable reactive groups, such as an isothlocyänate function, for linkage to the surface of aminopropylated silica. In the experimental part, the thesis describes work carried out to study the effects of stationary phase support properties on the chromatographic behaviour and enantiomer resolution capability of carbohydrate carbamate phases. These phases were prepared by the exhaustive reaction of free hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates, such as cellulose and amylose, with aryl isocyanates, such as phenyl isocyanate and 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate. The resulting carbamates were characterised by 1H nmr and microanalysis and were coated onto aminopropyl silica supports by evaporation from organic solvents. It was shown that the retention of solutes by these phases correlated directly with the w/w phase loading, whilst both the separation factor and resolution for various enantiomers displayed a more complex relationship. The influence of changing pore diameter of the aminopropylated silica, with concomitant changes in pore volume and surface area, were evaluated for a series of materials at constant w/w phase loading. Whilst it is currently common practice to use very wide pore (up to 4000 Angstrom) silicas as supports for carbohydrate carbamate phases, it was concluded from the present work that there is little or no justification for using such supports and that good chromatographic performance and effective chiral discrimination can be achieved on much smaller pore (e. g. 500 Angstrom), higher surface area materials. Carbamate derivatives of cellulose were prepared a using phenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl and 1-naphthyl isocyanates and of amylose using the first two of these reagents and were shown to have close to the theoretical maximum levels of substitution. Their chiral discriminating abilities were investigated using a test panel of five racemic analytes: trans-stilbene oxide, 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(9'- anthryl)-ethanol, 1-phenylethanol, benzoin and trogers base. The naphthyl carbamate phase showed no resolving ability for any of these racemates and this appeared to correlate with the presence of N-H bands in the it spectrum which were indicative of severe disruption of the organised, H-bonded 3-dimensional structure necessary for chiral discrimination. The other four carbamate phases all showed resolving ability, each with its own specific pattern of solute selectivity. The difference in behaviour of the corresponding, identically subsituted cellulose and amylose phases, differing only in the configeration of the C-O linkage at the anomeric carbon on each glucose ring, illustrates the importance of long-range stereochemical properties: chiral discrimination must result not only from local interactions with individual carbamate groups and the adjacent chiral centres on the glucose rings, but also from the influence of the organisation of the polymer chains at the macromolecular level, leading to the creation of "chiral ravines" which display an intrinsic shape selectivity. A series of malto-oligosaccharides with from 2 to '9 glucose units was obtained, the higher members of the series being separated from a commercially available oligosaccharide mixture by preparative HPLC on an aminopropyl silica column. Each oligosaccharide, and also the phenyl carbamate and 3,5- dimethylphenyl carbamate derivatives prepared from glucose, maltose and maltotriose, were characterised by FAB-MS and LSIMS and the fragmentation patterns of the carbamates were analysed In detail and shown to provide considerable structural information. The glucose penta(phenylcarbamate) was converted Into the 1-isothiocyanato-tetra(phenylcarbamate) by successive reactions with HBr and a thiocyanate salt. After spectroscopic characterisation to confirm its structure, it was reacted with aminopropyl silica and the conditions for achieving optimum surface coverage established. Use of a longer spacer chain was also investigated, but did not appear to offer advantages over aminopropyl silica. A model reaction with n-propylamine gave the expected N-n-propyl urea. The silica-bonded glucosyl carbamate phase was examined chromatographically using a test panel of racemic solutes and was found to give some resolution of certain racemates, but only when very low concentrations of polar modifier (isopropanol) were present in the hexane mobile phase. Some work was carried out to try to extend the above chemistry to enable carbamate derivatives of the malto-oligosaccharides to be linked to silica through the anomeric position of the first glucose ring. A satisfactory procedure has not yet been established, major experimental difficulties encountered being solubility problems with the higher homologues and a lack of reproducibility in the introduction of the anomeric bromine and its displacement by isothiocyanate. Once these problems have been overcome, the methodology developed should provide a novel series of immobilised oligosaccharide carbamates with potential utility for the resolution of enantiomers.
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Adams, Shaun P. "Mechanisms of Nutrition Bar Hardening: Effect of Hydrolyzed Whey Protein and Carbohydrate Source." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/186.

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The influence of increasing hydrolyzed protein content on the microstructure and hardness of high protein nutrition bars was investigated to determine the mechanism of hardening during storage. Bars with various hydrolyzed protein levels were manufactured using differing ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% (wt. /wt.) of partially hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (HWPI) to an intact (non-hydrolyzed) whey protein isolate (WPI) which made up approximately 38% of the total bar composition. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (42%) and vegetable shortening (20%) constituted the rest of the ingredients. Accelerated aging was performed by storing bars at 32 ºC for 36 d with analysis being performed every 7 d starting at d 2. Hardness was measured as the peak force to penetrate into the bars 8.5 mm using a 45º chisel blade. Microstructure was examined using confocal scanning microscopy with staining for protein and fat. The level of HWPI affected both hardness and microstructure of the bars. Bars that developed the most hardness, with hardness values of 87.6 x 102 g-force and 97.2 x 102 g-force, were those that had no added HWPI or only 25% HWPI (P < 0.05). Bars with 100% of the protein as HWPI were softest with a value of 24.6 x 102 g-force (P< 0.05) and these bars had a microstructure showing a two-phase separation of fat from the aqueous phase containing protein and sugars. The bars that exhibited severe bar hardening had a three-phase separation of the fat, protein, and sugar. The gradual separation of the protein from the sugars into two distinct phases is proposed as the mechanism causing hardening in high protein nutrition bars. The influence of different carbohydrate sources on water activity, Maillard browning, hardness, and microstructure was then investigated. Bars were formulated using either WPI or HWPI with either 70% HFCS or 70% sorbitol syrup as carbohydrate source. This resulted in four bar types, which were then aged at an accelerated rate through storage at 32 ºC and analyzed again every 7 d. Color and water activity were measured as well as hardness and the microstructure was again observed using confocal microscopy. Changing the carbohydrate component of the bars from HFCS to sorbitol syrup had a large effect on the amount of Maillard browning, no effect on the aw, and a slight effect on bar hardening and microstructure while using HWPI instead of WPI had a slight effect on browning, an effect on water activity, and a large effect on bar hardening and microstructure. The carbohydrate effect on bar hardening was not to the same degree as using HWPI. Using sorbitol with WPI reduced hardness after 35 d at 32 ºC by 25% while replacing WPI with HWPI reduced hardness by 55%. When using HWPI both the HFCS and sorbitol, bars remained soft (i.e. hardness <500 g-force) through d 27, with the HFCS increasing in hardness (P < 0.05) by d 35.
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Green, Katherine J. "The effect of acute exercise on T-lymphocyte function." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36777/1/36777_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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An increased incidence of illness has been observed in athletic populations undergoing intensive training and competition. T-lymphocytes are central to cell-mediated adaptive immune responses and have been the subject of many studies investigating the relationship between T-lymphocyte function, exercise and athlete health. A decrease in T-lymphocyte function following acute intensive exercise has commonly been described, making them a possible factor contributing to increased susceptibility in athlete populations. However, there is much controversy regarding the interpretation of traditional methodology (mitogen-induced proliferation assays) used to assess Tlymphocyte function during and after exercise. Current lymphocyte proliferation assays do not determine individual T-lymphocyte function or independently establish the function of T-lymphocyte subsets. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to develop and apply new techniques to the study of the effect of acute exercise on the function of T-lymphocytes. Specifically, this thesis aimed to determine the effect of acute intensive exercise on the function of individual T-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets. The major findings of this thesis are that acute intensive exercise does impair Tlymphocyte responses to mitogen. The cellular expansion of both CD4 and CD8 Tlymphocytes as measured by the application of the new CFSE technique is decreased by acute exercise. The exercise effect observed is not an initial effect on cell function, as exercise does not impair the ability of T-lymphocytes to respond to stimulus (activation) and undergo cell division (mitosis) in response to mitogen. Instead, acute exercise is associated with an increased level of apoptosis in mitogen-stimulated cultures and this results in a reduction of the overall expansion of the cell population in vitro. The mechanism by which exercise induces apoptosis was examined using carbohydrate supplementation and it was found that carbohydrate feeding can prevent exercise-induced apoptosis, and hence attenuates the decrease in T-lymphocyte function. However, the mechanism by which carbohydrate prevents apoptosis does not appear to be via moderation of T-lymphocyte numbers or blood cortisol concentrations, rather it may be due to improved glucose availability.
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9

Pikus, Wojciech. "Bioconversion and separation of milk carbohydrates on nanomembranes." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1045.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2010.
Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on June 29, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioresource and Food Engineering, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
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Carneiro, Aristídes Filipe Ferreira Pinto. "Carbohydrates & Ionic Liquids: From Phase Equilibria to Separations." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/97587.

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Books on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

1

Fornari, Tiziana. Supercritical fluid technology applied to the manufacture of prebiotic carbohydrates. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Tiihonen, Jari. Influence of stationary phase and eluent properties on chromatographic separation of carbohydrates. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2002.

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Ganetsos, G. The chromatographic separation of carbohydrate mixtures. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering, 1986.

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Thirkill, Christopher Leslie. The cross-flow chromatographic separation of carbohydrate mixtures. Birmingham: Aston University.Department of Chemical Engineering, 1987.

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Bridges, Stephen. Continous annular chromatography for the separation of carbohydrate mixtures. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1990.

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6

Handbook of sugar separations in foods by HPLC. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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Crawford, Andrew J. A study of carbohydrate stationary phases for the separation of enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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Deyl, Z. Separation Methods. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011.

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(Editor), Pierre Thibault, and Susumu Honda (Editor), eds. Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates (Methods in Molecular Biology). Humana Press, 2003.

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Uragami, Tadashi. Functional Separation Materials from Sustainable Carbohydrate Polymers. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

1

Linhardt, Robert J., and Hélène G. Bazin. "Separation and Purification of Carbohydrates." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 63–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_3.

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Breadmore, Michael, Emily Hilder, and Artaches Kazarian. "Fluorophores and Chromophores for the Separation of Carbohydrates by Capillary Electrophoresis." In Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates, 23–51. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-875-1_2.

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Paulus, Aran, and Antje Klockow-Beck. "Separation and detection of carbohydrates in capillary electrophoresis." In Chromatographia CE-Series, 49–92. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85020-1_4.

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Osawa, Toshiaki. "The Separation of Immunocyte Subpopulations by Use of Various Lectins." In The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates, 83–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_4.

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Rohrer, Jeffrey S., and Shinichi Kitamura. "Determination of Carbohydrates Using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection." In Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques, 311–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119390725.ch7.

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Bishop, C. T. "Separation of Carbohydrate Derivatives by Gas Liquid Partition Chromatography." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 1–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110270.ch1.

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Robb, Mélissa, Joanne K. Hobbs, and Alisdair B. Boraston. "Separation and Visualization of Glycans by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 215–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6899-2_17.

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Breadmore, M. C. "Approaches to Enhancing the Sensitivity of Carbohydrate Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis." In Capillary Electrophoresis of Biomolecules, 27–43. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_3.

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Grosche, O. "CARBOHYDRATES | Electrophoresis." In Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2201–11. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226770-2/03761-3.

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Corradini, C. "CARBOHYDRATES | Liquid Chromatography." In Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2224–35. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226770-2/01481-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

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Belusko, Alina, Liva Aumeistere, and Inga Ciprovica. "Oligosaccharides in human milk, achievements in analysis: a review." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.015.

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprise about 20% of the total carbohydrates of human milk. There is currently a growing interest in HMOs as many researchers have recognized the importance of their benefits to infant health. Accumulated evidence suggests that HMOs are anti-adhesive antimicrobials that serve as soluble bait receptors, prevent pathogens from attaching to infant mucous membranes, and reduce the risk of viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites. It also provides functionality including anti-adhesion and immunomodulators. Even though the composition of human milk in Latvia has been studied in detail, there are no studies on oligosaccharides in human milk. The aim of the study is to find out recent advances in the analysis of HMOs. Semi-systematic method was used to analyze the latest information about the recent advances in the analysis of HMOs by liquid phase separation methods, to investigate any known associations between HMOs composition and maternal nutrition and nutritional factors during lactation and the effect of HMOs on the infant’s development and health. The analysis of HMOs is considered very complex because of heterogeneity and different isomeric/anomeric structures of compounds. The proposed methods for analysing HMOs are largely based on liquid chromatography.
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Helmholz, Heike, Peter Thiesen, and Bernd Niemeyer. "SILICA- AND POLYMER-BASED LECTIN ADSORBENTS FOR GLYCOCONJUGATE SEPARATION." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.390.

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Fukase, Yoshiyuki, Yasuo Suda, Koichi Fukase, and Shoichi Kusumoto. "EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF LIPID A ANALOGUES BY AFFINITY SEPARATION." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.459.

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Hirabayashi, Jun, Tomomi Hashidate, Tadasu Urashima, Hiroyuki Kaji, Toshiaki Isobe, and Ken-ichi Kasai. "A GLYCOMIC APPROACH TO MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM A JAPANESE BLACK BEAR: SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OS PYRIDYLAMINATED FORMS." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.516.

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Janusz, Agnieszka, Gordon M. Elsey, Michael V. Perkins, George K. Skouroumounis, and Mark A. Sefton. "THE USE OF MULTI-LAYER COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY (MLCCC) FOR THE SEPARATION OF GLYCOSIDICALLY BOUND AROMA PRECURSORS FROM GRAPES." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.782.

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Ju, Lu-Kwang, Abdullah Al Loman, Md Fauzul Kabir, Qian Li, and S. M. Mahfuzul Islam. "Enzyme-based soy processing." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hrib7435.

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Soybeans contain three major components: protein (ca. 40%), carbohydrate (25–30%) and oil (18–20%). To maximize value and minimize waste in soy processing, all these components should be collected and utilized. Current processing was originally designed to maximize oil extraction. It tends to make protein and carbohydrate separation from the remaining meal more difficult and, as a result, can limit their uses and reduce their value. We have been developing an enzyme-based processing method which, in a single step, enables the recovery of oil, protein, and sugar in separate streams. Further, oil and protein present in soybeans as individually “packaged” oil bodies (oleosomes) and protein bodies. This solvent-free, enzyme-based processing allows collection of intact oleosomes and protein bodies without alteration by heat, solvent, or mechanical pressing. This new processing method can maximize the recovery of nutritional and industrial/economic value of all major soybean components. We also develop and optimize the production of enzyme particularly suitable for soy processing.
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Pals, Matiss, Liga Lauberte, Alexandr Arshanitsa, Laima Vevere, Vilhelmine Jurkjane, and Galina Telysheva. "Organosolv delignification of residual plantation willow bark after extractive removal." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.011.

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Plantation willows are commonly grown plants which are widely used for energetic purposes that does not correspond completely to its potential. To fully integrate this resource into biorefinery scheme, it is necessary to study optimal conditions of willow bark processing, aimed for separation of bark components, their comprehensive characterization and profitable practical application. Extraction of secondary metabolites is well known approach for bark processing. But the separation of the main cell wall components including lignin from the residual biomass is less studied. In this work plantation residual willow bark after extractives separation by two different solvents (acetone and ethanolwater) was used as a feedstock for Organosolv delignification. Effect of temperature and catalyst used on the yield and properties of lignin isolated from residual bark by ethanol-water treatment was studied. It was possible to obtain pure lignin with high yields (up to 41%) that has the potential to be used for bio-plastic producing. Insoluble residue after delignification was carbohydrate rich (up to 80%) feedstock allowing its practical use for bioethanol producing.
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Lamsal, Buddhi, and Bibek Byanju. "Processing opportunities and challenges for plant-based proteins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cjmp7212.

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With demand for nutritious and functional protein-rich ingredients rising, there are opportunities to acquire protein from new/ emerging sources, as well as from coproducts of agro-food industry. Some of these sources include plants/ seeds and oilseeds, microalgae, fungi, cell/ microbial, and insect protein; however, each of these may have their own unique challenges in terms of extraction, nutritional profile, bioactivity, techno-functional properties, safety, allergenicity as well as in food and feed applications. Some of the challenges for plant/seed proteins are that they have relatively lower extraction yields and relatively inferior functional/ nutritional aspects, including off-flavor and digestibility. Protein quality in defatted meals is also impacted by harsh oil removal process, which is further exacerbated by the downstream protein extraction and isolation conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature etc.) resulting in protein denaturation, aggregation, and potential loss of functionality. Also, plant proteins have other issues such as off-flavors, astringency/ taste, allergenicity, and antinutritional factors that reduce mineral bioavailability and protein absorption. Various food processing techniques can be used to reduce/ remove these aspects of protein ingredients; fermentation, germination, heating, enzymatic, or acidic treatment, membrane separation etc. have been employed to improve protein purity and quality. The choice of processing technology, even for oil removal from oilseed, impacts protein extraction and quality. For example, protein recovered from meal/ fibers of aqueous oil extraction were of better quality than from desolventized meals. Emerging physical and biochemical processes, such as high-power sonication, extrusion, high-pressure processing, microwave, pulsed electric field, enzymatic pretreatment (pectinase, proteinase, carbohydrase), and fermentation are reported to increase protein extraction efficiency, removing/ reducing allergenicity, and modify functional characteristics. This presentation will discuss such processing challenges and opportunities for plant-based proteins for extraction and downstream isolation, as well as their impact on important functional characteristics.
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Reports on the topic "Carbohydrates Separation"

1

Compere, A. L., B. S. Marcoccia, and J. Elliott. Method for Improving Separation of Carbohydrates from Wood Pulping Liquors and Wood or Biomass Hydrolysis Liquors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049686.

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2

Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie, and Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.

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Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.
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The production of chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator - waste carbohydrate to ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10196716.

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