Journal articles: 'Carbides Thermal properties'

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Tarraste, Marek, Jakob Kübarsepp, Arvo Mere, Kristjan Juhani, Märt Kolnes, and Mart Viljus. "Ultrafine Cemented Carbides with Cobalt and Iron Binders Prepared via Reactive In Situ Sintering." Solid State Phenomena 320 (June 30, 2021): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.176.

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Reactive sintering of cemented carbides involves mechanical and thermal activation of precursor elemental powders, followed by in-situ synthesis of tungsten carbide. This approach promotes formation of ultrafine microstructure favored in many cemented carbide applications. Our study focuses on the effect of mechanical activation (high-energy milling) on the properties of powder and following thermal activation (sintering) on the microstructure characteristics and phase composition. Reactive sintering proved effective – an ultrafine grained microstructure of cemented carbides with Co and Fe binders was achieved. Formation of tungsten carbide grains was complete at low temperature during reactive spark plasma sintering, resulting in textured microstructure with anisotropic grain formation and growth.

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Hadi, Aseel, Ahmed Hashim Ah-yasari, and Dalal Hassan. "Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and release." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1323.

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The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.

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Korobov, Yury, Yulia Khudorozhkova, Holger Hillig, Alexander Vopneruk, Aleksandr Kotelnikov, Sergey Burov, Prabu Balu, Alexey Makarov, and Alexey Chernov. "The Effect of Thickness on the Properties of Laser-Deposited NiBSi-WC Coating on a Cu-Cr-Zr Substrate." Photonics 6, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6040127.

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Ni/60WC coatings on copper substrate were placed via laser deposition (LD). A structural study was conducted using electron microscopy and a microhardness evaluation. Two body abrasive wear tests were conducted with a pin-on-plate reciprocating technique. A tool steel X12MF GOST 5960 (C-Cr-Mo-V 1.6-12-0.5-0.2) with a hardness of 63 HRC was used as a counterpart. The following results were obtained: Precipitation of the secondary carbides takes place in the thicker layers. Their hardness is lower than that of the primary carbides in the deposition (2425 HV vs. 2757 HV) because they mix with the matrix material. In the thin layers, precipitation is restricted due to a higher cooling rate. For both LD coatings, the carbide’s hardness increases compared to the initial mono-tungsten carbide (WC)-containing powder (2756 HV vs. 2200 HV). Such a high level of microhardness reflects the combined influence of a low level of thermal destruction of carbides during laser deposition and the formation of a boride-strengthening phase from the matrix powder. The thicker layer showed a higher wear resistance; weight loss was 20% lower. The changes in the thickness of the laser deposited Ni-WC coating altered its structure and wear resistance.

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Arizmendi-Morquecho, Ana, Araceli Campa-Castilla, C. Leyva-Porras, Josué Almicar Aguilar Martinez, Gregorio Vargas Gutiérrez, Karla Judith Moreno Bello, and L. López López. "Microstructural Characterization and Wear Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous-Crystalline Coating Deposited by Twin Wire Arc Spraying." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836739.

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Twin wire arc spraying (TWAS) was used to produce an amorphous crystalline Fe-based coating on AISI 1018 steel substrate using a commercial powder (140MXC) in order to improve microhardness and wear properties. The microstructures of coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as the powder precursor. Analysis in the coating showed the formation of an amorphous matrix with boron and tungsten carbides randomly dispersed. At high amplifications were identified boron carbides at interface boron carbide/amorphous matrix by TEM. This kind of carbides growth can be attributed to partial crystallization by heterogeneous nucleation. These interfaces have not been reported in the literature by thermal spraying process. The measurements of average microhardness on amorphous matrix and boron carbides were 9.1 and 23.85 GPa, respectively. By contrast, the microhardness values of unmelted boron carbide in the amorphous phase were higher than in the substrate, approaching 2.14 GPa. The relative wear resistance of coating was 5.6 times that of substrate. These results indicate that the twin wire arc spraying is a promising technique to prepare amorphous crystalline coatings.

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Saydaxmedov, Ravshan, and Kutpnisa Kadirbekova. "Study of the composition and properties of vacuum coatings based on titanium carbide." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405023.

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Carbide cutting tools are used for machining of machine parts made of complex alloyed materials. Application of protective composite nanostructured coatings on carbide cutting tools allows increasing the service life of cutting tools several times. The coating on their base protects the cobalt binding of carbide alloys. The low thermal conductivity of the composite nanostructured titanium carbide coating means that the heat generated when cutting workpieces is mostly transferred to the chips so that the tool does not become overheated. This is important when machining difficult alloyed, hard-to-machine, ductile materials for which the temperature at the contact zone of the cutting edge and the machined material reaches up to 900°C. The adhesive interaction of the composite nanostructured coating with the substrate material is of no small importance in selecting the coating composition. From this point of view, carbide titanium coatings have good compatibility with carbide cutting tools. Along with this, the study of ion-plasma composite nanostructured coatings based on TiC carbides is relevant. The study results of the composition and properties of vacuum composite nanostructured coatings based on titanium carbides obtained by the ion-plasma method are presented. Studies of the chemical composition, the electronic and atomic structure of composite nanostructured coatings based on Ti carbides were carried out using the HREELS, XPS, and AES method and based on experimental studies of composite nanostructured TiC coatings, the p – T – x diagrams for TiC were refined.

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Wyzga, Piotr, Lucyna Jaworska, Piotr Putyra, Marcin Podsiadlo, and Jolanta Cyboron. "Characterization of Metal-Like Carbides-Graphene Composite Prepared by SPS Method." Key Engineering Materials 655 (July 2015): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.655.87.

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High hardness, good thermal and electrical conductivity make carbides technologically important materials. The high melting temperature and low coefficients of self-diffusion make it difficult to obtain full dense material. In this paper the results of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of transition metal carbides: NbC, TaC, TiC, ZrC, VC with the addition of graphene 10-20 nm x 14 microns in an amount of 2.5 mass % are presented. Powders were mixed in isopropyl alcohol in a planetary ball mill for 1h. The sintering processes was carried out at 2200°C at two different times: 5 and 30 min. Microstructure of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The measurements of density, Young's modulus hardness and electrical properties were carried out, also. The best properties were obtained for titanium carbide powder, sintered for 30 min. The most significant density increase of the sintered carbide–graphene composite by about 5.3% (depending on increasing sintering duration) was obtained for niobium carbide, while the smallest densities change for zirconium carbide.

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Vornberger, Anne, Tobias Picker, Johannes Pötschke, Mathias Herrmann, Berend Denkena, Alexander Krödel, and Alexander Michaelis. "Influence of Cemented Carbide Composition on Cutting Temperatures and Corresponding Hot Hardnesses." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204571.

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During metal cutting, high temperatures of several hundred-degree Celsius occur locally at the cutting edge, which greatly impacts tool wear and life. Not only the cutting parameters, but also the tool material’s properties influence the arising cutting temperature which in turn alters the mechanical properties of the tool. In this study, the hardness and thermal conductivity of cemented tungsten carbides were investigated in the range between room temperature and 1000 °C. The occurring temperatures close to the cutting edge were measured with two color pyrometry. The interactions between cemented carbide tool properties and cutting process parameters, including cutting edge rounding, are discussed. The results show that cemented carbides with higher thermal conductivities lead to lower temperatures during cutting. As a result, the effective hardness at the cutting edge can be strongly influenced by the thermal conductivity. The differences in hardness measured at room temperature can be equalized or evened out depending on the combination of hardness and thermal conductivity. This in turn has a direct influence on tool wear. Wear is also influenced by the softening of the workpiece, so that higher cutting temperatures can lead to less wear despite the same effective hardness.

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Miura, Seiji, Hélio Goldenstein, Kenji Ohkubo, Hisashi Sato, Yoshimi Watanabe, and Tetsuo Mohri. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Ni₃Al-Based Alloys with Cr Carbides Dispersion." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.439.

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Ni3Al-based alloys possess good oxidation resistance, moderate room and high temperature strength and ductility. Introduction of Cr-carbide particles through a solidification route is attempted to provide higher hardness and wear resistance. The mechanical and physical properties are measured at room temperature for several alloys with various carbon concentrations up to 2.0 wt.%. Hardness and wear resistance as well as compressive strength increase with increasing carbon concentration, while bend ductility decreases. Adhesion between carbides and matrix phase is good, and cracks propagate mainly through carbides. The crystallographic orientation relationships between constituent phases are also attempted using electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique. The thermal conductivity is found to be less sensitive to the alloy composition.

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Qin, Yi Wei, and Sen Kai Lu. "Structural Stability and Electronic Properties of Fe-Doped B₁₃C₂: First-Principles Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.344.

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Structure stability and electronic properties of Fe-doped boron carbides (B13C2) were studied using the first principle calculations based on plane wave pseudo-potential theory. The calculated results showed that the Fe-doped boron carbide representative stable structural is Fe substituting C atom on the end of chain C-B-C. The band structure and density of states (DOS) indicated that the coexistence of [C-B-Fe] ε+-[B11C] ε- structural unit made electrical conductivity increased. As the covalent bond of Fe-B was weaker than those of B-B and B-C, the thermal conductivity decreased for Fe-doped B13C2, thermoelectric property of Fe-doped boron carbides has been improved.

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Hozer, Leszek, Yet-Ming Chiang, Svetlana Ivanova, and Isa Bar-On. "Liquid-exchange processing and properties of SiC–Al composites." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 7 (July 1997): 1785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0246.

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In this paper we demonstrate a novel liquid-exchange process to replace a secondary silicon phase in reaction-bonded siliconized silicon carbides (RBSC's) with a ductile metal reinforcement phase. When RBSC is exchanged with pure Al or Al–Si liquid, secondary phase silicon is dissolved and is substituted by Al or Al–Si alloy. The resulting composites show improvements in fracture toughness (single-edge precracked beam technique), with KIC value up to 8.6 Mpa · m1/2, compared to 3–4 MPa · m1/2 in otherwise similar siliconized silicon carbide. Increased fracture strength (four point flexure) was also observed after the liquid exchange process. The processing furthermore allows the coefficient of thermal expansion to be adjusted, and the thermal conductivity increased, for electronic packaging applications.

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Amigó, Vicente, J. J. Candel, and P. Franconetti. "Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Laser Coatings Based on Carbides." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.299.

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Laser cladding is an adequate technique to fabricate Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) layers because of its focused high energy which allows the partial melting of hard ceramic reinforces particles like carbides. Thus, the wettability and gradual transition between metal and particle can be improved. However, metastable or new intermetallic phases can be formed during laser processing due to severe thermal cycle imposed to the clad with unknown properties in some cases. In this work our experience on microstructural analysis of Ti-MMC coatings acquired during the last five years is summarized. Special attention is paid on carbide dilution and secondary carbides formation mechanisms when TiC, SiC, Cr3C2, WC and B4C are mixed with titanium alloys.

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Zhang, Zunjun, Jishan Zhang, Zhihao Yao, Guoliang Xie, Yong Lian, Minyu Ma, Chao Zhao, and Jinfeng Huang. "Design for Novel Hot-Work Die Steel by Thermodynamic Calculation and Microstructural Examination." Metals 9, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070805.

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In this paper, a new type of hot-work die steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties at 700 °C was designed based on the traditional 25Cr3Mo3NiNb steel with the help of Thermo-calc software. The effects of C, Cr, Mo, W and V on the types and mass fractions of carbides were studied. Phase diagram calculation revealed that with the increase of V and W contents and the decrease of Cr content, the precipitation temperature and the mass fraction of M23C6 carbides decreased. Meanwhile, the mass fraction of MC carbides increased as the Mo content decreased. Based on the thermodynamic calculation, new material 25Cr3Mo2NiWVNb steel was designed. Compared to the 25Cr3Mo3NiNb steel, more finely dispersed MC and M2C carbides with high thermal stability, as well as fewer M23C6 carbides with low thermal stability, were precipitated in the new steel. The high-temperature tensile showed that the new steel showed high thermal stability and strength even at 700 °C. The high-temperature strengthening effect might be ascribed to the fine and stable nano-scale MC and M2C carbides which precipitated during tempering.

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13

Лыгденов, Б. Д., М. А. Гурьев, С. Г. Иванов, Ц. Чжэн, and А. М. Гурьев. "Increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of steel parts by methods of complex boronikeling and borovolframing." Grand Altai Research & Education / Наука и образование Большого Алтая, no. 2(15) (December 15, 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25712/astu.2410-485x.2021.02.008.

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The paper presents ways to increase the wear and corrosion resistance of steel parts by chemical and thermal treatment methods. Comprehensive studies of the structure and properties of St3 steel samples were carried out after simultaneous complex saturation with boron and nickel, boron and tungsten from saturating coatings based on boron carbide. Both compounds of these elements (oxides, carbides, borides) and pure metals were used as suppliers of nickel and tungsten. Studies have shown that multicomponent saturation processes make it possible to form a multiphase structure of a surface layer with a complex of useful properties. Moreover, by chemical-thermal treatment it is possible to obtain such a combination of properties of the hardened product, which cannot be obtained by other methods.

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Bouleghlem, Mohamed, Moussa Zahzouh, Mohamed Hamidouche, Abdelyamine Boukhobza, and Mamoun Fellah. "Microstructural and Mechanical Investigation of WC-TiC-Co Cemented Carbides Obtained by Conventional Powder Metallurgy." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 45 (November 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.45.1.

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WC-Co cemented carbide is one of the widely hard materials used for cutting in machining industry, due to its microstructural and mechanical stability even at high temperature. However, diffusion wear is the most serious problem that WC-Co suffers from. One of the most applied approaches to improve the WC–Co cemented carbide performances is the addition of transition metal carbides such as: TiC, TaC and NbC which prevents diffusion wear thanks to the gamma phase (Ti,Ta,Nb,W)C which is formed during sintering. Therefore, and in order to understand the thermal metallurgical reactions occurred between WC-Co cemented carbide and (Ti, Ta, Nb)C transition carbides and theirs effects on the microstructural and mechanical properties. The WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide was elaborated by conventional powder metallurgy then thermal, microstructural and mechanical investigations were performed on the elaborated carbide. A temperature of sintering was determined to be more than 1347 oC by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) observations showed that the microstructure consists in a mixture of angular WC grains and (W,Ti)C rounded grains embedded in the Co-rich binder. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of these three phases with free carbon. The results of EDS analysis highlight the solution-reprecipitation phenomena caused by liquid phase sintering and clearly revealed the presence of small amount of free carbon. The mechanical characterizations showed that the WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide exhibits excellent hardness-fracture toughness combination.

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Zhang, Bingwen, Weiyi Zhang, Qiangqiang Meng, Lele Fan, and Qinfang Zhang. "VC2 and V1/2Mn1/2C2 nanosheets with robust mechanical and thermal properties as promising materials for Li-ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 3 (2019): 1606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06487c.

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In this paper, vanadium carbides VC₂ and bi-transition-metal carbides V_1/2Mn_1/2C₂ are predicted to be stable metallic nanosheets showing promising mechanical properties.

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Guo, Xiaotong, Zeshan Liang, Xiaobin Nan, Chunxu Jiang, Yong Li, Li Li, Liang He, and Shizheng Yang. "Effect of Overheating Temperature on Thermal Cycling Creep Properties of K465 Superalloy." Crystals 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121458.

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Turbine blades in aircraft engines may encounter overheating and suffer serious creep property degradation. In this study, the thermal cycling creep experiments were conducted on K465 superalloy under (900 °C/30 min–1100 °C/3 min)/50 MPa, (900 °C/30 min–1150 °C/3 min)/50 MPa and (1000 °C/30 min–1150 °C/3 min)/50 MPa. The investigated thermal cycling creep properties were dramatically degraded, and increasing the overheating temperatures significantly decreased the thermal cycling creep life. The secondary γ′ precipitates obviously dissolved and the area fraction decreased to around 35.2% under (900 °C/30 min–1150 °C/3 min)/50 MPa and (1000 °C/30 min–1150 °C/3 min)/50 MPa, which was almost half that after the standard solution treatment. The decline of the thermal cycling creep properties was mainly due to the significant dissolution of γ′ precipitates. The creep holes/cracks were mainly distributed at the M6C carbides and γ/γ′ eutectics interfaces, M6C carbides and γ′ film interfaces in the grain boundaries, and resulted in the final intergranular fracture.

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Kim, Seong-Eun, Su-Hwan Hong, and In-Jin Shon. "Mechanical Properties and Rapid Sintering of WC-BN-Al Composites." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.7.453.

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Tungsten carbides are quite attractive for their superior properties, e.g., high melting point, high hardness, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and relatively high chemical stability. Tungsten carbides with a binder metal, for example Co or Ni, are mainly used to produce cutting tools, nozzles and molds in the composite form. But these binder materials show inferior chemical characteristics compared to the tungsten carbide phase. There has been enormous interest recently in finding alternative binder phases because of the low corrosion resistance and the high cost of Ni or Co. Al has been reported as an alternative binder for WC and TiC, since Al is less expensive and shows a higher oxidation resistance than Ni or Co. Nanostructured WC-BN-Al composites were rapidly sintered using high-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS). The microstructure and mechanical properties (fracture toughness and hardness) were investigated by Vickers hardness tester and FE-SEM. The HFIHS method induced very fast densification, nearly at the level of theoretical density, and successfully prohibited grain growth, resulting in nano-sized grains. The fracture toughness was improved by consolidation facilitated by adding Al to the WC-BN matrix. The 5vol % Al added WC-BN composites showed higher mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness than the WC-BN composite.

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Aissani, Linda, Khaoula Rahmouni, Laala Guelani, Mourad Zaabat, and Akram Alhussein. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Chromium Carbide Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Technique." Defect and Diffusion Forum 397 (September 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.397.118.

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From the hard and anti-corrosions coatings, we found the chromium carbides, these components were discovered by large studies; like thin films since years ago. They were pointed a good quality for the protection of steel, because of their thermal and mechanical properties for this reason, it was used in many fields for protection. Plus: their hardness and their important function in mechanical coatings. The aim of this work joins a study of the effect of the thermal treatment on mechanical and structural properties of the Cr/steel system. Thin films were deposited by cathodic magnetron sputtering on the steel substrates of 100C6, contain 1% wt of carbon. Samples were annealing in vacuum temperature interval between 700 to 1000 °C since 45 min, it forms the chromium carbides. Then pieces are characterising by X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties are analysing by Vickers test. The X-ray diffraction analyse point the formation of the Cr7C3, Cr23C6 carbides at 900°C; they transformed to ternary carbides in a highest temperature, but the Cr3C2 doesn’t appear. The X-ray microanalysis shows the diffusion mechanism between the chromium film and the steel sample; from the variation of: Cr, Fe, C, O elements concentration with the change of annealing temperature. The variation of annealing temperature shows a clean improvement in mechanical and structural properties, like the adhesion and the micro-hardness.

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Xiao, Ying, Jang-Yeon Hwang, and Yang-Kook Sun. "Transition metal carbide-based materials: synthesis and applications in electrochemical energy storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 27 (2016): 10379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03832h.

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Parti, József, and Valéria Mertinger. "Analysis of the Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure in 17% Cr Ferritic Cast Steel." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.229.

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High Cr and Ni content steels are widely used in many manufacturing processes in the chemical and petrochemical industry. The automotive industry has also recognized the necessity of heat resistant alloys for a long time, for example, to apply them to exhaust systems to endure thermal loading and oxidation during the operation of engines. Various heat resistant alloys such as cast irons, stainless steels, and Ni-base super alloys have been considered as candidate materials of automotive exhaust systems. Among those candidates, ferritic stainless steels attracted a lot of attention due to their favorable low thermal expansion, sufficient mechanical strength at elevated temperature and excellent corrosion resistant properties [1]. Currently they are the leading engineering materials in several fields of applications that require resistance to wear, corrosion [2,3], creep or thermal fatigue [4]. The high corrosion resistance of these steels is due to alloying elements such as Cr, Ni and Mo. If the ferritic stainless steels are alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, such as Mo, Ti, V and Nb, hard phases, MC carbides can be obtained in the soft ferrite phase [5,6]. The improvement of the properties of FeCrNi cast steels is directly related to the development of the microstructure, which mainly consists of a ferritic matrix and carbides and/or dispersed intermetallics [7,8]. The improvement is not always the hardening. The hardness is usually limited by the casting and the subsequent machining, so an annealing process is also inserted.

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Xiao, Xuan, Xu Le, Zeng Chao, Li Yuan Sheng, Yong An Guo, and Lan Zhang Zhou. "Carbide Evolution of a Directionally Solidified Ni-Based Superalloy during Long-Term Exposure." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.72.

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Directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy DZ483 is a kind of potential material for the blade of an advanced heavy duty gas turbine, which has good combination properties. The carbide degradation behaviors of DZ483 alloy during long-term thermal exposures were investigated at different conditions in this paper. The results show that during the long-term exposure, primary carbide will decompose in the form of MC + γ → M23C6 + γ'. Carbide on the grain boundary could be decomposed more easily than intragranular carbide. With the increase of aging time, decomposition could be observed more obviously, carbides on the grain boundary become bigger and the morphology of carbide near the grain boundary tends to be more complex. The fine dispersive particles of M23C6 on the grain boundary will grow up gradually to a thin consecutive chain of carbide with the increase of aging time.

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An, Ning, Yang An, Qiang Fan, Zu Ming Fu, Zhen Rui Li, and Yong Yue Zhang. "Effect of Carbon on the Microstructural Evolution and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of a Ni-Base Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.497.

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The effect of carbon content on the microstructural evolution and thermal fatigue behavior of Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo alloy with different carbon content was carried out at temperature ranging from 20°C to 920°C. The microstructure evolution was detected and the length of thermal fatigue cracks was measured. The results revealed that all the alloys are mainly composed of γ phase and carbides. With the increase of carbon content, the volume fraction of carbides increase and the morphology varies from blocky to script-like and sheet-like. The microstructural features exert influence on the thermal fatigue cracks of the alloys with different carbon content. Considering the thermal fatigue properties, the optimum carbon content of the Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo alloy superalloy should be below 0.08wt.%.

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Shon, In-Jin. "Fabrication of WC-Graphene-Al Composites by Rapid Sintering and Their Mechanical Properties." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.6.384.

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Tungsten carbides are very attractive because of their superior properties, e.g., high thermal and electrical conductivities, high melting point, high hardness, and relatively high chemical stability. Tungsten carbides with a binder metal, for example Ni or Co, are mainly used to fabricate nozzles, molds and cutting tools in the composite form. Al has been reported as an alternative binder in Tungsten carbide since Al shows a higher oxidation resistance than Ni or Co and is less expensive. Nanostructured WC-Graphene-Al composites were sintered rapidly using pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS). The mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness) and microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Vickers hardness tester. The PCAS method successfully obstructed grain growth, resulting in nanostructured materials, and induced a very fast consolidation nearly at the level of theoretical density. The grain size of WC in WC-Graphene-Al composite decreased with the addition of Al content. The fracture toughness and hardness of the WC-5vol.% graphene-x vol.% Al (x=0, 5, 10, 15) were 4.7, 5.5, 5.9, 7.9 MPa·m1/2 and 2008, 1961, 1883, 1731 kg/mm2, respectively. The fracture toughness was improved without remarkable decrease of hardness due to the small dimensions of the WC grain and the consolidation facilitated by adding Al to WC-Graphene matrix.

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Verma, Alok Kumar, Shivani Kaushik, Devraj Singh, and Raja Ram Yadav. "Elastic and thermal properties of carbides of U, Pu, and Am." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 133 (October 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.006.

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Chen, Kuiying, and Linruo Zhao. "Elastic properties, thermal expansion coefficients and electronic structures of Ti0.75X0.25C carbides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 68, no. 9 (September 2007): 1805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.05.008.

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Fan, Jian Ling, Yong Sen Wei, and Sen Kai Lu. "Structural Stability, Electronic and Optical Properties of Ni-Doped Boron Carbide by First Principles Calculation." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.602.

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The wide band gap, temperature stability, high resistivity, robustness of semiconducting boron carbide make it an attractive material for device applications.. Here the structural stability along with the electronic and the optical properties of Ni-doped boron carbides (B13C2) were studied using the first principle calculations based on plane wave pseudo-potential theory. The calculated results showed that Ni-doped in boron carbide was in preference to substituting C atom on the end of C-B-C chain, but it was difficult for Ni to substitute B atom in the center of the C-B-C chain or in the icosahedron. A representative stable structural unit containing Ni atom was [C-B-Nε+-[B11ε-, while the structural unit without Ni was [C-B-ε--[B12]ε+. The band structure, density of states (DOS) indicated that the coexistence of [C-B-Nε+-[B11ε-structural unit made electrical conductivity increased. Some new impurity energy levels appear in the band gap of Ni-doped B13C2, which can improve the conductivity of B13C2as well. Ni acts as an-type dopant. As the covalent bond of Ni-B was weaker than those of B-B and B-C, the thermal conductivity decreased for Ni-doped B13C2, thermoelectric property of Ni-doped boron carbides has been improved. The imaginary part of the dielectric function of Ni-doped B13C2has three remarkable peaks at 1.13, 3.89, and 6.05 eV. This reveals that doping with Ni can improve the photo-absorption efficiency of B13C2.

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Przyłęcka, M., W. Gęstwa, and G. E. Totten. "Modelling of retained austenite in carburized layers." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120013.

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In this paper, modelling of the phase composition of the carburized case produced on steel alloys containing chromium, manganese and nickel will be discussed. In particular, the effect of steel composition on the amount of retained austenite and carbide structure will be discussed. These microstrucures were selected because they exhibit the greatest influence on the correlation between structure and properties of hardened carburized case. The thermal process largely influences the formation of carbides quantity of residual austenite in structure of hardened carburized elements. Properties evaluated include: hardness, micro-hardness, and impact resistance. The model can be applied to carburized 20H (20Cr4), 15HN (17CrNi6-6) and 16HG (16MNCr5) steel although data for 20H (20Cr4) steel is provided here.

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Ha, Tae Kwon, and Seok Hong Min. "Effect of C Content on the Microstructure and Physical Properties of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.293.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium of Fe-36Ni-base Invar alloy containing C contents from 0.25 to 0.38 weight per cent during solidification has been investigated in this study. From the thermodynamic simulation using ThermoCalc®, it has been revealed that equilibrium phases which can be formed are two kinds of MC-type precipitates, i.e. (Nb, Mo, V)C and MoC, and M2C carbides. The MoC carbide was expected to be formed at relatively lower temperature below 770oC. Microstructure observation revealed the coarse precipitates in the as-cast ingots, which was Mo-rich non-equilibrium phase and could be resolved by the successive heat treatment. With increasing C contents from 0.25 to 0.38 wt.%, tensile strength of Invar alloy increased from 950 to 1100MPa after hot rolling and thermal expansion coefficient showed a trivial increase. Hot-rolled Invar alloy was successfully drawn at room temperature from 6 to 4 mm in diameter, which dramatically decreased thermal expansion coefficient.

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Brezinová, Janette, Anna Guzanová, Dagmar Draganovská, Pavlo O. Maruschak, and Mariana Landová. "Study of Selected Properties of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Containing WC and WB Hard Particles." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2016-0046.

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Abstract The paper presents results of research of the essential characteristics of two kinds of advanced coatings applied by HVOF technology. One studied coating: WB-WC-Co (60-30-10%) contains two types of hard particles (WC and WB), the second coating is eco-friendly alternative to the previously used WC-based coatings, called “green carbides” with the composition WC-FeCrAl (85-15%). In green carbides coating the heavy metals (Co, Ni, NiCr) forming the binding matrix in conventional wear-resistant coatings are replaced by more environmentally friendly matrix based on FeCrAl alloy. On the coatings was carried out: metallographic analysis, measurement of thickness, micro-hardness, adhesion, resistance to thermal cyclic loading and adhesive wear resistance (pin-on-disk test). One thermal cycle consisted of heating the coatings to 600°C, dwell for 10 minutes, and subsequently cooling on the still air. The number of thermal cycles: 10. The base material was stainless steel AISI 316L, pretreatment prior to application of the coating: blasting with white corundum, application device JP-5000.

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Hauserova, Daniela, Jaromir Dlouhý, and Zbysek Novy. "Microstructure Development of Bearing Steel during Accelerated Carbide Spheroidisation." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.123.

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Carbide spheroidisation is a significant metallurgical process, which contributes to profound changes in microstructure and mechanical properties. Carbide spheroidising occurs through diffusion, which is a long-term and energy-demanding process. The holding times, sometimes up to tens of hours make soft annealing one of the most expensive heat treatment processes. The process was newly designed at the company COMTES FHT shortens carbide spheroidising several times and therefore delivers considerable time and cost savings. The heat treatment was performed using induction heating. The purpose of this annealing process is to obtain globular carbides uniformly distributed in the matrix and to achieve overall softening. The present paper explores the effect of the newly-designed thermal schedules on the cementite lamellae fragmentation, on the decrease in hardness in bearing steel grade 100CrMnSi6-4 and on processing times.

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Wu, Ying, Lishi Ma, Xiaolong Zhou, Yonghua Duan, Li Shen, and Mingjun Peng. "Insights to electronic structures, elastic properties, fracture toughness, and thermal properties of M23C6 carbides." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 109 (December 2022): 105985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105985.

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Ziogas, Panagiotis, Athanasios B. Bourlinos, Jiri Tucek, Ondrej Malina, and Alexios P. Douvalis. "Novel Magnetic Nanohybrids: From Iron Oxide to Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Grown on Nanodiamonds." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040073.

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The synthesis and characterization of a new line of magnetic hybrid nanostructured materials composed of spinel-type iron oxide to iron carbide nanoparticles grown on nanodiamond nanotemplates is reported in this study. The realization of these nanohybrid structures is achieved through thermal processing under vacuum at different annealing temperatures of a chemical precursor, in which very fine maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles seeds were developed on the surface of the nanodiamond nanotemplates. It is seen that low annealing temperatures induce the growth of the maghemite nanoparticle seeds to fine dispersed spinel-type non-stoichiometric ~5 nm magnetite (Fe3−xO4) nanoparticles, while intermediate annealing temperatures lead to the formation of single phase ~10 nm cementite (Fe3C) iron carbide nanoparticles. Higher annealing temperatures produce a mixture of larger Fe3C and Fe5C2 iron carbides, triggering simultaneously the growth of large-sized carbon nanotubes partially filled with these carbides. The magnetic features of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterials reveal the properties of their bearing magnetic phases, which span from superparamagnetic to soft and hard ferromagnetic and reflect the intrinsic magnetic properties of the containing phases, as well as their size and interconnection, dictated by the morphology and nature of the nanodiamond nanotemplates. These nanohybrids are proposed as potential candidates for important technological applications in nano-biomedicine and catalysis, while their synthetic route could be further tuned for development of new magnetic nanohybrid materials.

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Zaikovsky, Alexey, Aleksandr Fedoseev, Salavat Sakhapov, Anton Evtushenko, Marina Serebriakova, Ilya Kostogrud, Nikolay Kalyuzhny, et al. "Arc Discharge Synthesis of Oxides and Carbides of Tungsten and Aluminum." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-2-95-101.

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Experimental investigations of the possibility of arc discharge method for synthesis of nanoparticles of oxides and carbides of tungsten and aluminum have been presented. The method is based on anode atomization of composed graphite – aluminum and graphite – WO3 electrodes. The transmitted electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were applied for the characterization of morphology and properties of synthesized materials. It was experimentally shown the arc discharge method allows to syntheses the nanoparticles of oxides and carbides of tungsten and aluminum

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Froment, K., D. Gosset, M. Guéry, B. Kryger, and C. Verdeau. "Neutron irradiation effects in boron carbides: Evolution of microstructure and thermal properties." Journal of Nuclear Materials 188 (June 1992): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(92)90468-z.

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Przyłęcka, M., W. Gęstwa, and G. E. Totten. "Modelling of phase transformations and hardening of carbonitrided steels." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120014.

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There are a variety of opinions regarding the influence of retained austenite and carbides on the properties exhibited by carbonitrided steels. In this paper, the development of a model marking relationship between phase composition, and properties of hardened carbonitrided steel has been presented. A summary of the impact of structure on properties is provided in Table 1. In the study reported here, the impact of thermal processing conditions on retained austenite and carbides was examined for carbonitrided and hardened 20 (C22), 20H (20Cr4), 15HN (17CrNi6-6) and 16HG (16MnCr5) steels. The models that are reported were experimentally validated. In particular, the results obtained for structure with respect to hardness and abrasive wear resistance were discussed for carbonitrided and hardened 20H (20Cr4) steel.

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Matula, Grzegorz, Mirołsaw Bonek, and Leszek Adam Dobrzański. "Comparison of Structure and Properties of Hard Coatings on Commercial Tool Materials Manufactured with the Pressureless Forming Method or Laser Treatment." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1830.

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The goal of the work is fabrication coatings with the pressureless forming method or laser treatment retaining the relatively high ductility of the coated tool's core. The paper presents selection of the binder portion and type, and also of the metallic and carbides powders (WC) being the constituents of the polymer-powder slurry which was applied onto the prepared surfaces of the test pieces from the conventional HS6-5-2 high speed steel. This materials was compared with the same conventional HS6-5-2 high speed steel heat-treatable steel after laser treatment conditions and alloying additions contained in WC. Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying carbides on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on manufacturing conditions and power implemented laser (HPDL). In the effect of laser alloying with powders of carbides occurs size reduction of microstructure as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved carbides and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving carbides. The resistivity to thermal fatique of laser remelted steel is higher than steel after heat treatment. It shows the possibility of applying the worked out technology to manufacturing or regeneration of chosen hot working tools.

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Margolin, B. Z., S. N. Petrov, O. Yu Prokoshev, and A. M. Kondrateva. "Mechanical Properties Degradation Modeling of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel AISI 304 Steel After Thermal Ageing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2182, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2182/1/012023.

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Abstract Austenitic chromium-nickel steel AISI 304 is used as a structural material for heat exchange equipment. Long-term operations result in degradation of mechanical properties of material due to formation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries. The influence of various thermal ageing modes of AISI 304 steel on mechanical properties with metal fragments of reactor plant on fast neutrons of RP BN-600 taken as an example after long-term operation has been investigated.

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Liu, Jiawei, and Yuanzhe Li. "Influence of 12Cr1MoV Material on Tissue Properties at High Temperature and Long Operating Time." Processes 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020192.

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12Cr1MoV is commonly used for pressure pipes in thermal power plants. However, its service life has always prevented the development of such metallic materials. This experiment applies a tensile and impact experiment to investigate the metal cluster of 12Cr1MoV low-alloy and heat-resistant steel with 60,000 h service at 550 °C. Results indicate that, after 60,000 h of high-temperature exposure, the metal cluster of Cr, Mo, and V elements may gradually decrease. First, the decreasing elements will precipitate out of the solid solution. Then, the precipitated elements transform into carbides that accumulate and grow on the grain boundaries. The continuous growth of the precipitated carbide of alloy elements may also create pearlite in the cluster, which results in severe pearlite periodization and tensile fracture due to plastic, through-crystal fracture. Then, the solid solution-strengthened tissue disappears, which severely decreases the thermal strength of 12Cr1MoV low-alloy and heat-resistant steel. At the same time, the brittleness of the steel will increase. The end of life of the metal occurs after 60,000 h of high-temperature use at 550 °C. This result may also provide a basis for future life assessment of 12Cr1MoV steel.

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Zheng, Liang, Shu Suo Li, Cheng Bo Xiao, Ding Zhong Tang, and Chen Qing Gu. "Microstructure and High Temperature Stress Rupture Properties of Ru-Containing Directionally Solidified Ni-Base Superalloy." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.507.

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In this investigation, 3wt.% Ru was added to a low Cr and high W content superalloy with a nominal composition of Ni-10Co-1.5Cr-2.0Mo-1.0Nb-5.5Al-1.2Ti-0.1C-0.02B (wt.%) and both the Ru-free and the Ru-bearing alloys were directionally solidified. The multi-step heat treatment, thermal exposure and stress rupture test were performed. The results indicate that Ru is a weak positive segregation element (k’=Cinterdendrite / Cdendrite= 1.03). The solubility of Ru in γ phase is 30% higher than that of in γ' phase. Ru hardly enters into MC carbides, but can effectively retard the formation of M6C carbides. Ruthenium reduces the amount of eutectic (γ+γ'), decreases solid solution temperature of γ' phase, and promotes the rafting tendency of γ/γ' at elevated temperatures. Ru-bearing alloy possesses rather higher life at 1100°C/118MPa due to decrease of the film-like M6C carbides. The addition of Ru can inhibit the formation of M6C and eutectic γ', which hinder the initiation and propagation of cracks.

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40

Shcherbakov, V. A., A. N. Gryadunov, and M. I. Alymov. "Exothermic synthesis of binary solid solutions based on hafnium and zirconium carbides." Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsional’nye pokrytiya, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2021-4-30-37.

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The paper presents the results of an experimental study into the possibility of producing ultra-high temperature ceramics constituting solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides by the single-stage electro-thermal explosion (ETE) method under pressure. Adiabatic flame temperature and phase composition of the equilibrium final product were calculated based on thermodynamic data. It was shown that when the ZrC content in the final product is less than 20 wt.%, adiabatic flame temperature reaches 3800– 3900 K, and the combustion product contains hafnium and zirconium carbides. The effect of mechanical activation modes in an AGO-2 planetary centrifugal mill used for a reaction mixture containing Hf, Zr and C powders on its properties, phase composition formation and the microstructure of carbide solid solutions was studied. It was shown that high-energy mixing in hexane leads to the destruction of the crystal structure of Hf and Zr particles and the formation of amorphous composite particles. The synthesized samples of ultra-high temperature ceramics were studied by X-ray phase and microstructure analyzes. It was shown that exothermic synthesis leads to the formation of single-phase solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides with the average particle size of 0.2–1.5 μm. The residual porosity of the binary carbides obtained is 10–12 %. It was found that, despite the high temperature of sample heating during ETE under pressure, the particle size of the resulting solid solutions is significantly (by an order of magnitude) smaller than the particle size of similar complex carbides (20–50 μm) obtained by other methods (SPS and hot pressing). This is associated with the rapidity of the exothermic interaction of the reagents (10–50 ms) during ETE.

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Suryanarayana, D. "Thermally Conductive Ceramics for Electronic Packaging." Journal of Electronic Packaging 111, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226533.

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A survey was conducted on the physical properties of several new ceramic systems, such as carbides, borides, oxides, and nitrides, as they appeared in recent literature, and they are briefly reviewed. A few new ceramic materials, such as BeO, BN, AlN, and SiC-BeO, possess superior thermal properties when compared to the alumina (Al2O3) ceramics used in electronic packaging. Among these, the aluminum nitride (AlN) has emerged as unique material that can replace alumina in future electronic packaging for improved thermal performance and reliability.

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Narahari Prasad, S., K. Rajasekhar, and M. Chatterjee. "Influence of Composition and Processing on Properties of Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.117.

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Stainless steels, by virtue of their diversity in chemistry, microstructure and properties, find widespread applications ranging from domestic appliances to high technology sectors such as space, aeronautics, power, chemical and ordnance. Midhani has been at the forefront of material development over the past few decades and has produced several stainless steels, tailor made for specific critical applications. Subtle variations in chemistry or processing methodology have been exercised to achieve the desired microstructure and properties. In this context, influence of minor addition of austenitic stabilizing element on structure and properties on conventional ferritic stainless steel SS430 was studied. The chemistry modification changed the structure to dual phase, austenite ferrite structure, that responded to heat treatment by transformation of austenite to martensite. This dual phase structure after tempering enhanced the strength and toughness by 25% and 60% respectively. In the case of 13-8 Mo PH stainless steel, a modified two stage solution treatment and ageing resulted in enhancement of toughness by over 100% as compared to conventional single stage solution treatment and the improvement was attributable to refinement in martensitic sub-structure due to thermal cycling. With respect to SS 440C, a high carbon stainless steel, the performance is closely related distribution of primary carbide. Bearing directly manufactured from forged stock produced from ingot do not perform satisfactorily in view of massive primary carbides present in the form of stringers / bands. This problem was addressed by subjecting the forged stock to further working in the transverse orientation by ring rolling which brought about finer primary carbides. The present paper highlights some of the challenges and the modifications brought about to meet the specific needs.

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Wang, Jian Min, Wen Tao Hou, and Lin Lu. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Fine Grain Medium-Carbon Steel Based on Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.427.

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A new technology of preparing submicron medium-carbon steel quickly using martensitic steel by equal-channel angular pressing is developed. The technology combines martensite phase transformation with severe plastic deformation. In this research, martensitic steel is heated to 923K quickly and held for appropriate time, then equal-channel angular pressing is implemented. Supersaturated ferrites of average grain size within 0.5μm are obtained by the interaction of dislocation intersection, dynamic recrystallization and strain-induced phase transformation. At the same time, strain-induced phase transformation leads to dispersive precipitation of supersaturated carbon particles in the form of carbide inside grains or in grain boundaries. The optimal size of ferrite grains and the optimal distribution of carbides are acquired by controlling tempering temperature and time. The results show that ultra-fine grained materials prepared by this technology possess superior thermal stability.

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Brandão de Araújo, Camila Pacelly. "Evaluation of Kinetic Data of the WC’s Synthesis Via Gas-Solid Reaction." Journal of Mineral and Material Science (JMMS) 3, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/jmms/1042.

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Tungsten carbide (WC) stands out in the mechanical industry, chemical and aerospace by presenting a unique combination of properties, such as high hardness, high melting point, high wear resistance, great chemical, and thermal stability. Refractory carbides’ synthesis via gas-solid reaction is an interesting processing route as it can produce those materials in nanoscale and thus, enhance several of its properties. In this paper, the WC production process was studied upon the evaluation of kinetic data available in the literature. The synthesis data were obtained through the “Digitize” tool of the Origin® software and two kinetic models were evaluated regarding its agreement with those data: 1st order powerlaw and Avrami model. Kinetic constants using a 1st order reaction were estimated and a k=0.00181min-1 with R² =0.9646 for the reaction at 850 ° C and 120min of soaking time.

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Park, Changkyoo, and Eun-Joon Chun. "Influence of Laser-Assisted Fusing on Microstructural Evolution and Tribological Properties of NiWCrSiB Coating." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040548.

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The present study examines the applicability of a diode laser-assisted fusing treatment and a temperature-control system to the NiWCrSiB thermal spray coating to develop the enhanced wear resistance of continuous-casting molds. As a result of the use of the lasers, the variations in the microstructure and the hardening behavior during the fusing treatment could be controlled. Fine secondary phases (approximately 0.05–10 μm in size) homogeneously present in the coating after the laser-assisted fusing were observed to be Cr-, Mo- and W-based carbides and borides. Transmission electron microscope analysis was used to characterize these fine secondary phases as M7C3 and M23C6 carbides and M5B3 boride. Because of these fine secondary phases, the hardness increased from 730 (as-sprayed status) to 1230 HV (after fusing at a temperature of 1473 K). Finally, given the formation of fine secondary phases and the occurrence of surface hardening, the laser-assisted fusing treatment was deemed to enhance the tribological performance of the thermal-sprayed coating, in that it exhibited a lower coefficient of friction and lower wear rate than the as-sprayed coating.

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Edtmaier, Christian, Jakob Segl, Robert Koos, Michael Schöbel, and Christioph Feldbaumer. "Effect of Processing Conditions on Bonding Strength at Al(Si)/Diamond Interfaces." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.115.

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Understanding thermos-physical properties of MMCs includes considering interfacial processes and interactions between the constituents in MMCs. In this context, interfacial bonding is of vital interest for a deeper understanding of composites. Neutron diffraction experiments on Al/diamond composites were performed and reconciled with their thermo-physical properties and quantification of interfacial carbides formation. To create different interfacial conditions both, the contact time during processing the MMCs by liquid metal infiltration and the nominal composition of the matrix were changed, thus creating different amounts of interfacial Al4C3 carbides. Neutron diffraction showed the increase in contact time and the addition of Si to Al both increase the bonding strength, although going with a significant decrease of the composite`s thermal conductivity.

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de O. Bueno, Levi, Luiz Marino, Flavio A. S. Serra, and Fernando T. Gazini. "Structural Integrity of a Standpipe Component in a Petrochemical Catalytic Cracking Unit: Part 1—Assessment of Creep Rupture Properties." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, no. 3 (March 7, 2000): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482797.

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During a shutdown for general maintenance of a catalytic cracking unit, intergranular cracks were observed to occur during welding of the regenerator’s standpipe component manufactured from 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo steel. The cracking was observed to be related to intensive carbide precipitation in grain boundaries. To overcome the problem it was decided to heat-treat the relevant section of the component to dissolve these carbides and make possible its welding to a new virgin section of the tube. Samples of the material in its various conditions (virgin, ex-service, heat-treated and welded) were taken to check the efficiency of the thermal treatment in reducing the embrittlement effects and to carry out a general assessment of the remaining life of the component related to creep behavior considering smooth bar creep specimens. [S0094-4289(00)00403-5]

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Wang, Qun, Yingpeng Zhang, Xiang Ding, Shaoyi Wang, and Chidambaram Seshadri Ramachandran. "Effect of WC Grain Size and Abrasive Type on the Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070660.

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In order to investigate the effect of WC grain size on coatings’ properties and abrasive wear performance, a few WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coatings with three different WC grain sizes were deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The phase compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Furthermore, the two- and three-body abrasive wear performances of the three coatings were tested by using SiC and SiO2 abrasives, respectively. The results show that all the three coatings were composed of WC, Cr3C2, and the Ni binder as well as the (W,Cr)2C phase. The abrasive wear resistance of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating monotonously increased with increasing WC grain size when the SiC abrasive was used in the two- and three-body abrasive wear tests. However, the wear resistance trend was reversed when the SiO2 abrasive was used in the three-body abrasive wear test. The specific wear rate of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating exposed to the SiC abrasive under the two-body abrasive wear test was the largest. The wear resistance of the coatings was more significantly affected by the hardness of the abrasive particles than the size of carbides present within the coating. The high hardness of SiC can cut both the carbide and the binder phase of the WC-based cermet coatings, resulting in a high wear rate, whereas the low hardness of SiO2 cuts and/or scratches the binder initially, and then it dislodges the carbides from the matrix. The dislodged carbides which were subsequently pulled out from the matrix by the repeated impact of the SiO2 abrasives result in a milder wear rate.

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Guo, Zhongzheng, and Xianbang Jiang. "Mechanical properties, minimum thermal conductivities, and optical properties of cubic TM4C3 (TM = V, Nb, Ta) carbides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 139 (April 2020): 109330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.109330.

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Wolf, W., R. Podloucky, T. Antretter, and F. D. Fischer. "First-principles study of elastic and thermal properties of refractory carbides and nitrides." Philosophical Magazine B 79, no. 6 (June 1999): 839–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819908214844.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbides Thermal properties'

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