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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbazoli'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Hsiao, Sheng-Huei, and Shu-Wei Lin. "Electrochemical synthesis of electrochromic polycarbazole films from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2016): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01407g.

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2

Liebau, Verena, Mathias Noltemeyer, Jörg Magull, and Uwe Klingebiel. "Carbazolylsilane: Synthese und Kristallstrukturen / Carbazolylsilanes: Synthesis and Crystal Structures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0916.

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Carbazole reacts with n-BuLi and fluorosilanes to give the lithium carbazolide (1) which crystallizes as a dimer from THF. In the reactions of 1 and difluorosilanes, F2SiR2, the carbazolylsilanes C12H8N-SiFR2 (2 - 4 R = Me (2), i Pr (3), t-Bu (4)), are obtained. Bis(carbazolyl)silanes, (C12H8N)2SiFR, are formed in the reaction of 1 with trifluorosilanes, F3SiR, in a molar ratio of 2:1, R = t-Bu (5), Ph (6), Me (7). Using F3SiMe and 1 in a molar ratio of 1:3 the tris(carbazolyl)silane (C12H8N)3SiMe (8) is isolated. The carbazolylfluorosilane 3 reacts with n-BuLi to give 1 and n-butyldiisopropylfluorosilane, or with lithium pyrrolide to give carbazolyl(-diisopropyl)pyrrolylsilane (9). Lithiumpyrrolide cleaves the Si-NC12H8-bond of 9 and forms the diisopropyl-bis(pyrrolyl)silane 10. The crystal structures of 5, 6 and 7 have been determined and are discussed.

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3

Karaaslan, Cigdem, Hande Gurer-Orhan, Sibel Suzen, Luciano Saso, Omidreza Firuzi, Marjan Tavakkoli, and Elif Ince. "Behaviour of 9-Ethyl-9H-carbazole Hydrazone Derivatives Against Oxidant Systems." Croatica chemica acta 92, no. 1 (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca3481.

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Antioxidants are helpful in prevention of several diseases related with oxidative stress including neurodegenerative disorders. In recent studies, carbazoles were given proof of promising antioxidant activities. In this article, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, characterized and their in vitro antioxidant activity and possible cytotoxic effects were investigated. Furthermore, protective effect of the synthesized derivatives against amyloid β-induced damage in PC12 neuronal cells was examined by using MTT assay. The newly synthesized carbazoles were found to have radical scavenging activity with a varying potency both in cell-free and cell-based in vitro assays. Several compounds, especially such as 3d and 3e, 3m and 3n bearing two halogen groups on the phenyl ring, were found to have cytotoxic activity. However, their cytotoxic activities were not higher than that of melatonin. Several compounds also significantly protected neuronal PC12 cells against amyloid β-induced damage, which can be defined as neuroprotective agents. (4-(2-((9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)benzonitrile) 3r was found as the most active compound with both radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects against amyloid β-induced damage. These findings might provide an alternative strategy for developing novel carbazole derivatives for management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

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4

Luparello, Claudio, Ilenia Cruciata, Andreas C. Joerger, Cory A. Ocasio, Rhiannon Jones, Raysa Khan Tareque, Mark C. Bagley, et al. "Genotoxicity and Epigenotoxicity of Carbazole-Derived Molecules on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073410.

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The carbazole compounds PK9320 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(furan-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine) and PK9323 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(thiazol-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), second-generation analogues of PK083 (1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), restore p53 signaling in Y220C p53-mutated cancer cells by binding to a mutation-induced surface crevice and acting as molecular chaperones. In the present paper, these three molecules have been tested for mutant p53-independent genotoxic and epigenomic effects on wild-type p53 MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, employing a combination of Western blot for phospho-γH2AX histone, Comet assay and methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR to analyze their intrinsic DNA damage-inducing and DNA methylation-changing abilities. We demonstrate that small modifications in the substitution patterns of carbazoles can have profound effects on their intrinsic genotoxic and epigenetic properties, with PK9320 and PK9323 being eligible candidates as “anticancer compounds” and “anticancer epi-compounds” and PK083 a “damage-corrective” compound on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Such different properties may be exploited for their use as anticancer agents and chemical probes.

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5

Lifshits, Liubov M., Varun Singh, Matthias Zeller, and Jeremy K. Klosterman. "Ethyl 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzoate: fivefold superstructure with ten crystallographically independent molecules refined from a twinned crystal." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 11 (October 24, 2016): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616015825.

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The photophysical properties of organic fluorophores are sensitive to the local sterics of the surrounding environment. Restriction of torsional motion in aggregates and crystals can give rise to enhanced emissive behavior.N-Aryl-substituted carbazoles serve an essential role as ubiquitous host matrices for organic light-emitting diodes, due to their large band gaps and high triplet energies, and so studies connecting photophysical behaviors with detailed crystallographic structural information are important. To elucidate the structural changes involved in the excited-state charge-transfer processes ofN-aryl-substituted carbazoles with ester withdrawing groups, ethyl 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) benzoate, C21H17NO2, was synthesized. The compound crystallizes with ten independent molecules in the asymmetric unit that pack together through moderate C—H...π interactions between carbazole units (2.5–2.9 Å) and π-stacks of benzoate groups (3.8–3.9 Å) between neighboring molecules. Four of the ten independent molecules show disorder by rotation of the ethyl carboxylate groups, with major occupancy rates between 0.931 (3) and 0.840 (3). The attached benzoate groups are also disordered, with identical occupancies, to compensate for the altered steric profile of the misaligned ethyl ester groups. For two molecules, the disorder extends to the entire carbazole units as well. Torsion angles between the nonplanar carbazole and benzoate groups range from θ = 44.8 to 57.2°, while those between the benzoate planes and the carboxylate COO atoms vary from α = 6.4 to 15.7°. The crystal is twinned by pseudomerohedry. The superstructure can be reduced to a hypothetical averaged parent structure in the space groupPbcnwithZ′ = 1, displaying fourfold disorder. Variable-temperature data collection shows that there is no phase transition between the disordered supercell and the hypothetical parent structure; supercell reflections persist up to 350 K. We propose that the disorder and variation in torsion angles result from frustrated close-packing and necessitate a unit cell with a highZ′ number.

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6

Tavgeniene, Daiva, Raminta Beresneviciute, Dovydas Blazevicius, Gintare Krucaite, Greta Jacunskaite, Sujith Sudheendran Swayamprabha, Jwo-Huei Jou, and Saulius Grigalevicius. "3-(N,N-Diphenylamino)carbazole Donor Containing Bipolar Derivatives with Very High Glass Transition Temperatures as Potential TADF Emitters for OLEDs." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070932.

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Well-defined electroactive bipolar derivatives of new structure have been synthesized from 3-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9H-carbazole and bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone, 4-fluorophenylsulfone or 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone, respectively. The full characterization of their structure is described. The amorphous materials with very high glass transition temperatures of 111–173 °C also possess high thermal stability, with onset decomposition temperatures of 351–398 °C. Some of the compounds having the best solubility were tested as the emitters dispersed in 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) host for preparation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A device containing 15 wt% of the guest bis[4-{3-(N,N-diphenylamino)carbazol-9-yl}phenyl] sulfone demonstrated the best overall characteristics with maximum brightness exceeding 2630 cd/m2, current efficiency of 3.2 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.2 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency exceeding 1.7% at 100 cd/m2.

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7

Zander, Maximilian. "P-Typ-verzögerte Fluoreszenz von 1-Naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methan." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0712.

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P-tvpe Delayed Fluorescence o f 1-Naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methane At 77 K 1-naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methane adsorbed on filter paper shows predominantly delayed fluorescence o f the carbazole chromophore. The experimental findings are in agreement with the assumption that the carbazole chromophore after excitation by light absorption becomes first deactivated by intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer and then re-excited in a two-step mechanism including intermolecular naphthalene triplet-triplet annihilation and intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer from the naphthalene to the carbazole chromophore.

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8

Wantulok, Jakub, Daniel Swoboda, Jacek E. Nycz, Maria Książek, Joachim Kusz, Jan Grzegorz Małecki, and Vladimír Kubíček. "Direct Amination of Nitroquinoline Derivatives via Nucleophilic Displacement of Aromatic Hydrogen." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071857.

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The vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS) reaction in electron-deficient nitroquinolines was studied. Properties of all new products have been characterized by several techniques: MS, HRMS, FTIR, GC-MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and multinuclear NMR. The structures of 4-chloro-8-nitroquinoline, 8-(tert-butyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroquinoline, 9-(8-nitroquinolin-7-yl)-9H-carbazole and (Z)-7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-8-(hydroxyimino)quinolin-5(8H)-one were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The 9-(8-nitroquinolin-7-yl)-9H-carbazole and (Z)-7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-8-(hydroxyimino)quinolin-5(8H)-one illustrate the nitro/nitroso conversion within VNS reaction. Additionally, 9-(8-isopropyl-2-((8-isopropyl-2-methyl-5-nitroquinolin-6-yl)methyl)-5-nitrosoquinolin-6-yl)-9H-carbazole is presented as a double VNS product. It is postulated that the potassium counterion interacts with the oxygen on the nitro group, which could influence nucleophile attack in that way.

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9

Golubeva, I. S., N. P. Yavorskaya, L. V. Ektova, M. V. Dmitrieva, L. M. Borisova, V. A. Eremina, N. I. Tikhonova, and R. B. Pugacheva. "ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF INDOLO[2,3-A]CARBAZOLES N-GLYCOSIDES WITH XYLOSE CARBOHYDRATE RESIDUE." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 19, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2020-19-4-86-93.

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Introduction. The search for new antineoplastic agents in a series of indolo[2,3-a]-carbazole derivatives is an urgent and promising direction, since compounds with antitumor activity have been found in this class. In the chemical fusion laboratory, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center оf the Ministry of Health of Russia has developed an original and effective method for the synthesis of glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]-pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles, which makes it possible to synthesize derivatives of N-glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with different substituents in the heterocyclic parts including at the maleimide nitrogen atom and with different carbohydrate residues.The purpose of the study – the primary assessment of the antitumor activity of new derivatives of indolocarbazoles with a carbohydrate residue xylose in models of tumor growth mice.Materials and methods. The compounds studied at transplanted tumors of mice: the Lewis epidermoid carcinoma (LLC), colon cancer ACATOL, cervical cancer RSHM-5, breast adenocarcinoma CA-755. Studies were performed on immunocompetent mice: males and females of BDF1 hybrids (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2), females CBA/Lac and Balb/c. Compound solutions were prepared ex tempore and administered to the mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily for five days. The antitumor effect was evaluated as to of tumor growth inhibition and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared with the control ones.Results. Eight compounds studied, containing D-xylose as a carbohydrate component and various substituents at the maleimide nitrogen atom, showed different degrees of antitumor activity. Two derivatives have been identified: N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]benzamide (compound 4) and N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide (compound 8), which showed high antitumor activity on 4 solid tumors of mice with a duration of effect of 12 days or more. The most pronounced antitumor effect was obtained in compounds 4 and 8 in RSHM-5 and Ca-755, tumor growth inhibition was amounted, respectively: in RSHM-5 – 68–82 % and 80–72 %; for Ca-755 – 57–62 % and 86–68 % (p <0.05).Conclusion. For further research, we chose the compound (N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xilopiranosil)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a] pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide).

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10

Kobayashi, Masaya, and Tomohisa Kuzuyama. "Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Carbazoles Produced by Actinomycetes." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081147.

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Structurally diverse carbazole alkaloids are valuable due to their pharmaceutical properties and have been isolated from nature. Experimental knowledge on carbazole biosynthesis is limited. The latest development of in silico analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters for bacterial carbazoles has allowed studies on the biosynthesis of a carbazole skeleton, which was established by sequential enzyme-coupling reactions associated with an unprecedented carbazole synthase, a thiamine-dependent enzyme, and a ketosynthase-like enzyme. This review describes the carbazole biosynthetic mechanism, which includes a key step in enzymatic formation of a tricyclic carbazole skeleton, followed by modifications such as prenylation and hydroxylation in the skeleton.

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11

Suleymanova, Alfiya F., Marsel Z. Shafikov, Adrian C. Whitwood, Rafał Czerwieniec, and Duncan W. Bruce. "Liquid-crystalline TADF materials based on substituted carbazoles and terephthalonitrile." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 20 (2021): 6528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00443c.

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Functionalising 2,5-di(N,N'-carbazolyl)terephthalonitrile or 2,3,5,6-tetra(N,N'-carbazolyl)terephthalonitrile on the carbazole moiety with alkoxy chains, gives a family of materials that show TADF response; two of them are also liquid crystalline.

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12

Kumar, V., J. Reisch, and A. Wickramasinghe. "Glycomaurin and Glycomaurrol, New Carbazole Alkaloids From Glycosmis mauritiana (Rutaceae) Bark." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 8 (1989): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9891375.

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The stem bark of Glycosmis mauritiana contained the acridone alkaloids noracronycine and des-N- methylacronycine, and two new carbazole alkaloids, 3,3,10-trimethyl-3,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c] carbazole (glycomaurin) and 6-methyl-4-(3′-methylbut-2′-enyl)carbazol-3-ol (glycomaurrol), whose structures were confirmed by synthesis and by cyclization to dihydroglycomaurin respectively. Glycomaurin has a ring system which has not been previously found in nature.

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13

Choi, Kyung Hyun, Jae Min Kim, Won Jae Chung, and Jun Yeob Lee. "Effects of Substitution Position of Carbazole-Dibenzofuran Based High Triplet Energy Hosts to Device Stability of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092804.

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High triplet energy hosts were developed through the modification of the substitution position of carbazole units. Two carbazole-dibenzofuran-derived compounds, 9,9′-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,6-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (26CzDBF) and 4,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (46CzDBF), were synthesized for achieving high triplet energy hosts. In comparison with the reported hole transport type host, 2,8-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (28CzDBF), 26CzDBF and 46CzDBF maintained high triplet energy over 2.95 eV. The device performances of the hosts were evaluated with electron transport type host, 2-phenyl-4, 6-bis(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (mSiTrz), to comprise a mixed host system. The deep blue phosphorescent device of 26CzDBF:mSiTrz with [[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]bis[[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]iridium (Ir(cb)3) dopant exhibited high external quantum efficiency of 22.9% with a color coordinate of (0.14, 0.16) and device lifetime of 1400 h at 100 cd m−2. The device lifetime was extended by 75% compared to the device lifetime of 28CzDBF:mSiTrz (800 h). These results demonstrated that the asymmetric and symmetric substitution of carbazole can make differences in the device performance of the carbazole- and dibenzofuran- derived hosts.

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14

Shin, Dong Jin, Seung Chan Kim, and Jun Yeob Lee. "A reverse intersystem crossing managing assistant dopant for high external quantum efficiency red organic light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 12 (2022): 4821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04875a.

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Assistant dopants with reduced Dexter energy transfer rates were designed by replacing the donor moiety of 2,3,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)terephthalonitrile (4CzTPN) with 5H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]carbazole (BTCz).

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15

Gehrmann, Robin, Tobias Hertlein, Elisa Hopke, Knut Ohlsen, Michael Lalk, and Andreas Hilgeroth. "Novel Small-Molecule Hybrid-Antibacterial Agents against S. aureus and MRSA Strains." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010061.

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Ongoing resistance developments against antibiotics that also affect last-resort antibiotics require novel antibacterial compounds. Strategies to discover such novel structures have been dimerization or hybridization of known antibacterial agents. We found novel antibacterial agents by dimerization of indols and hybridization with carbazoles. They were obtained in a simple one-pot reaction as bisindole tetrahydrocarbazoles. Further oxidation led to bisindole carbazoles with varied substitutions of both the indole and the carbazole scaffold. Both the tetrahydrocarbazoles and the carbazoles have been evaluated in various S. aureus strains, including MRSA strains. Those 5-cyano substituted derivatives showed best activities as determined by MIC values. The tetrahydrocarbazoles partly exceed the activity of the carbazole compounds and thus the activity of the used standard antibiotics. Thus, promising lead compounds could be identified for further studies.

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16

Prabakaran, Kumaresan, and Karnam Jayaramapillai Rajendra Prasad. "Synthesis of biogenetically possible 3-substituted pyrano-[2,3-a]carbazoles." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 10 (October 2009): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x12523375431104.

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3-Substituted pyrano[2,3- a]carbazol-2(11 H)-ones have been synthesised by the reaction of 1-hydroxy-carbazole-2-carbaldehyde with malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, Meldrum's acid, (carbethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane, ethyl benzoylacetate and phenylacetonitrile.

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17

Murali, Karunanidhi, Hazel A. Sparkes, Baskaran Vijaya Pandiyan, and Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad. "Synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT analysis of highly substituted pyrido carbazole-based “push pull” chromophores." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 16 (2017): 8242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00643h.

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A series of new fluorescent pyrido[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives were synthesized based on a four component reaction with 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one, malononitrile, and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes in presence of NaOEt.

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18

Konidena, Rajendra Kumar, Kyung Hyung Lee, and Jun Yeob Lee. "Molecular design featuring carbazole-decorated 15H-diindolo[2,3-b:1′,2′,3′-lm]carbazole for improved efficiency and lifetime of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 7 (2020): 2491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05855a.

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19

Zhang, Zunting, Yang Kang, Rong Hou, Xiaoyan Min, Tao Wang, and Yong Liang. "An Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via UV Light Irradiation of 2,3-Diphenyl-1H-indoles." Synthesis 54, no. 06 (October 23, 2021): 1621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1677-4881.

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AbstractAn efficient methodology for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via annulation of 2,3-diphenyl-1H-indoles in EtOH under UV light irradiation (λ = 365 nm) along with hydrogen evolution is described. This method exhibits the advantages of mild reaction conditions, no requirement of any oxidants and catalysts, and release of hydrogen as the only byproduct. Notably, the mechanism investigation confirms that the trans-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole intermediate could convert into cis-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole, which relies on the nitrogen atom of the indole ring. This is followed by intramolecular dehydrogenation which yields the dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles.

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20

Çiçek, Baki, Merve Çağlı, Remziye Tülek, and Ali Teke. "Synthesis and optical characterization of bipod carbazole derivatives." Heterocyclic Communications 26, no. 1 (October 18, 2020): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2020-0111.

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AbstractIn this study, some new biscarbazole derivatives were synthesized for the purpose of being used in OLED technologies and related areas. The following compounds: {1,2-bis(2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethoxy)ethane (C-1), bis[2-(2-(3,6- diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethoxy)etyl]ether (C-2), bis[2-(2-(3,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethoxy)etyl]ether (C-3) and bis [2-(2-(3,6-di(naphthalene-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethoxy) ethyl]ether (C-4) were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling reactions. The structural properties of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS. The maximum product yields of 81.6% were obtained for C-4 biscarbazole derivatives. The optical properties were studied using UV-visible and temperature/excitation power density dependent photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The emissions were observed at green and yellow-red color spectral bands. By applying Gaussian fitting to the measured spectra, the superposition of the broad peaks was deconvoluted into two peaks. The origin of emissions was attributed to π- π* transition in aromatic compounds caused by intramolecular charge transfer from host carbazole to these compounds.

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21

Konidena, Rajendra Kumar, K. R. Justin Thomas, Snehasis Sahoo, Deepak Kumar Dubey, and Jwo-Huei Jou. "Multi-substituted deep-blue emitting carbazoles: a comparative study on photophysical and electroluminescence characteristics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 3 (2017): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04870f.

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22

Cuong, Nguyen Manh, Heike Wilhelm, Andrea Porzel, and Ludger Wessjohann. "First Synthesis of Dimethyl-1H-Isochromeno[3,4-b]Carbazoles." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 7 (July 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400708.

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The first synthesis of isochromene fused carbazols, (4a S, 13b R)-2,5,5-trimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,13b-hexahydroisochromeno[3,4-b]carbazole (2) and its epi-isomer 3 by condensation of citral and 2-hydroxycarbazole using Ti(OEt)4 and MeAlCl2 as catalysts is described.

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23

Danish, Isravel Antony, and Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad. "Synthesis of pyrazolino- and thiopyrimido- fused carbazoles from 2-ethylidene-3,4-dihydrocarbazol-1(2H)-ones." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 2 (February 2005): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054497056.

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Annelated carbazoles namely, 3-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,10,10a,10b-decahydropyrazolino[4,5-a]carbazoles, 4a–e and 4-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11-hexahydropyrimido[4,5-a]carbazole-2-thiones 5a–e were synthesised in excellent yields from 2-ethylidene-3,4-dihydrocarbazol-1(2H)-ones 2a–e, derived from the easily accessible 3,4-dihydrocarbazol-1(2H)-ones 1a–e.

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24

Sridharan, Makuteswaran, and Karnam J. R. Prasad. "Syntheses of Substituted Furo- and Pyrano-[2,3-a]carbazoles from 2-Cinnamoyl-1-hydroxycarbazoles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0916.

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Reaction of 2-cinnamoyl-1-hydroxycarbazoles 2a - d, with phenacyl bromide, mercuric acetate and H2O2/NaOH under different reaction conditions yielded 2-benzoyl-3-styryl-furo[2,3-a]carbazoles 3a-d, 2-benzylidene-furo[2,3-a]carbazol-3(10H)-ones 4a - d and 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrano- [2,3-a]carbazol-4(11H)-ones 5a - d, respectively.

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25

Duda, Addison M., Thomas F. Guarr, Michael T. Giurini, and Jason G. Gillmore. "Intramolecular Oxidative Diaryl Coupling of Tetrasubstituted Diphenylamines for the Preparation of Bis(trifluoromethyl) Dimethyl Carbazoles." SynOpen 05, no. 04 (October 6, 2021): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1662-7462.

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AbstractSynthetic preparation of carbazoles can be challenging, requiring ring-building strategies and/or precious metal catalysts. Presented herein is a method for the preparation of carbazoles with the use of inexpensive and reliable hypervalent iodine chemistry. An oxidative single-electron-transfer (SET) event initiates cyclization for the preparation of our trifluoromethyl carbazoles. This method has been shown to be useful for a variety of bis(trifluoromethyl)carbazole isomers that are of primary interest for use as battery materials.

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26

Asiri, Abdullah M., Osman I. Osman, Saad H. Al-Thaqafy, and Salman A. Khan. "Optical properties and fluorescence quenching of carbazole containing (D–π–A) push–pull chromophores by silver nanoparticles: a detailed insight via an experimental and theoretical approach." RSC Advances 7, no. 14 (2017): 8402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25741k.

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(4Z)-4-[(9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one (ECPO) was prepared by the one-pot multi-component reaction of 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, hippuric acid, anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation.

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27

Irgashev, Roman A., Nikita A. Kazin, Gennady L. Rusinov, and Valery N. Charushin. "Nitration of 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and synthetic applications of their nitro-substituted derivatives." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (July 14, 2017): 1396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.136.

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A new general approach to double nitration of 6,12-di(hetero)aryl-substituted and 6,12-unsubstituted 5,11-dialkyl-5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by acetyl nitrate has been developed to obtain their 2,8-dinitro and 6,12-dinitro derivatives, respectively. A formation of mono-nitro derivatives (at C-2 or C-6) from the same indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles has also been observed in several cases. Reduction of 2-nitro and 2,8-dinitro derivatives with zinc powder and hydrochloric acid has afforded 2-amino- and 2,8-diamino-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, while reduction of 6,12-dinitro derivatives under similar reaction conditions has been accompanied by denitrohydrogenation of the latter compounds into 6,12-unsubstituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles. Formylation of 6,12-dinitro derivatives has proved to occur only at C-2, while bromination of these compounds has taken place at both C-2 and C-8 of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole scaffold. Moreover, 6,12-dinitro-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles have been modified by the reactions with S- and N-nucleophiles. Notably, the treatment of 6,12-dinitro compounds with potassium thiolates has resulted in the displacement of both nitro groups, unlike potassium salts of indole or carbazole, which have caused substitution of only one nitro group.

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28

Minami, Yasunori, Tamejiro Hiyama, Takeshi Komiyama, Kenta Shimizu, Shu-ichi Uno, Osamu Goto, and Hideyuki Ikehira. "Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation Using N-Trimethylsilyl-carbazole." Synlett 28, no. 18 (May 8, 2017): 2407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588417.

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Nickel-catalyzed N-arylation reaction of N-trimethylsilyl-carbazole using aryl bromides is found to proceed in the presence of sodium acetate, giving N-aryl-carbazoles in high yields. Under these conditions, N-trimethylsilyl-carbazole could react with aryl bromides selectively even in the presence of other N-trimethylsilyl-amines or N-H-amines. This arylation reaction was applied to the polymerization to provide a polycarbazole.

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29

Fraser, Heidi L., and Gordon W. Gribble. "A synthesis of 6,11-disubstituted benzo[b]carbazoles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-127.

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Sequential regioselective addition of organolithium reagents to indolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-6,11-quinone (7) followed by sodium borohydride reduction of the intermediate diol 10, which is not isolated, affords 6,11-disubstituted 5H-benzo[b]carbazoles 11. The tandem combination of methyllithium and lithium triethylborohydride (Super Hydride) gives 6-methylbenzo[b]carbazole (24).Key words: benzo[b]carbazole, organolithiums, indolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-6,11-quinone, ellipticine, indole.

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30

Srour, Hassan, Thu-Hong Doan, Elisabeth Da Silva, Richard J. Whitby, and Bernhard Witulski. "Synthesis and molecular properties of methoxy-substituted diindolo[3,2-b:2′,3′-h]carbazoles for organic electronics obtained by a consecutive twofold Suzuki and twofold Cadogan reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 26 (2016): 6270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc02009g.

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A set of methoxy-substituted diindolo[3,2-b:2′,3′-h]carbazoles has been synthesized by twofold Suzuki–Miyaura, Cadogan andN-alkylation reactions starting fromN-hexyl-2,7-dibromo-3,6-dinitro carbazole.

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31

Caruso, Anna, Jessica Ceramella, Domenico Iacopetta, Carmela Saturnino, Maria Vittoria Mauro, Rosalinda Bruno, Stefano Aquaro, and Maria Stefania Sinicropi. "Carbazole Derivatives as Antiviral Agents: An Overview." Molecules 24, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101912.

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Viruses represent the most common cause of infectious diseases worldwide and those with rapid propagation and high infection rates cause human and animal pandemics. These fast-spreading diseases are generally treated with antiviral drugs but, often, drug resistance occurs because of the ability of the pathogens to mutate rapidly and become less susceptible to the treatments. Even though new antivirals have been approved, e.g., in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus) therapeutic areas, the need to dispose of new pharmaceutical tools for the management of infections that still have no treatment is of growing interest. In these areas, carbazole represents an important privileged scaffold in drug discovery. Many compounds with a carbazolic core have been developed and some of them have shown antiviral activity. This review provides an overview on some already known carbazole derivatives, pointing the attention on the running progresses in identifying new molecules with carbazolic structure, that have shown interesting and encouraging in vitro and in vivo properties. These drugs may be exploited as valid alternatives in antiviral therapy.

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32

Kundu, Samrat, Ankush Banerjee, Shyam Chand Pal, Meghna Ghosh, and Modhu Sudan Maji. "Cascade annulative π-extension for the rapid construction of carbazole based polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Chemical Communications 57, no. 47 (2021): 5762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00668a.

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Brønsted acid catalyzed cascade benzannulation strategy for the concise synthesis of benzo[a]carbazoles is reported. Efficacy of the methodology was further validated by synthesizing structurally diverse, extensive π-conjugated carbazole based PAHs.

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33

Li, Yang, and Wentao Gao. "Synthesis of 3-(quinolin-2-yl)- and 3,6-bis(quinolin-2-yl)-9H-carbazoles." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (October 8, 2010): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.108.

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A simple and efficient synthesis of novel 3-(quinolin-2-yl)- and 3,6-bis(quinolin-2-yl)-9H-carbazoles, utilizing sodium ethoxide as a catalyst via a Friedländer condensation reaction between 3-acetyl-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole or 3,6-diacetyl-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole and β-aminoaldehydes or β-aminoketones is described. All of the title compounds were obtained in good yields of 52–72% and their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis.

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34

Chakraborty, M. "Mumunine - A New Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45499.

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The plant Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf tree is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. A number of monomeric as well as dimeric carbazoles with C13, C18 and C23 skeleton have been isolated from the plant. In my present work, a new carbazole alkaloid, designated as mumunine, was isolated from the bark of Murraya koenigii (Linn) Spreng, along with a known carbazole alkaloid, viz. mahanimbine. The structure of the new alkaloid 1 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis. In this paper, the isolation and structure elucidation of the new compound will be discussed in detail.

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35

Iqbal, Muhammad, Hina Mehmood, Jiaying Lv, and Ruimao Hua. "Base-Promoted SNAr Reactions of Fluoro- and Chloroarenes as a Route to N-Aryl Indoles and Carbazoles." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061145.

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KOH/DMSO-promoted C-N bond formation via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) between chloroarenes or fluoroarenes with indoles and carbazole under transition metal-free conditions affording the corresponding N-arylated indoles and carbazoles has been developed.

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36

Lifshits, Liubov M., Bruce C. Noll, and Jeremy K. Klosterman. "A supramolecular approach for designing emissive solid-state carbazole arrays." Chemical Communications 51, no. 58 (2015): 11603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc03515e.

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Reactions of 5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-isophthalate and metal salts provide laminar metal organic frameworks (MOFs) wherein interlayer interactions of the pendant carbazoles engender extended aromatic stacks or non-stacked structures with enhanced solid-state emission.

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37

Yuan, Zhi-Guang, Qiang Wang, Ang Zheng, Kai Zhang, Liang-Qiu Lu, Zilong Tang, and Wen-Jing Xiao. "Visible light-photocatalysed carbazole synthesis via a formal (4+2) cycloaddition of indole-derived bromides and alkynes." Chemical Communications 52, no. 29 (2016): 5128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc10542k.

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We have developed an unprecedented route to carbazole by a visible light-photocatalysed formal (4+2) cycloaddition of indole-derived bromides and alkynes. Using this method, a wide range of highly functionalised carbazoles were produced in good yields under mild conditions.

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38

Caruso, Anna, Alexia Barbarossa, Alessia Carocci, Giovanni Salzano, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, and Carmela Saturnino. "Carbazole Derivatives as STAT Inhibitors: An Overview." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 6192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136192.

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The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.

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39

Hassan Elamin, Elkhidr, Awad Mubasher Hashim, and Alkuha Adel Mohammed. "Study on Spectro-Electrochemical Behaviour of Thin-Layer Polymer of 3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.241.21070303.

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A film of electrically active poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) was prepared on platinum (Pt) electrode surface by oxidative electro-polymerization of 3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile monomer. The polymerization reaction was performed in a reaction medium containing monomer, and 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4 ) mixture in acetonitrile (ACN) using repeated cycling at a scanning rate of 250 mV. Electrochemical polymerization of carbazole (Cz) and 3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile (25 mM) were studied with cyclic voltammetry on both Pt and ITO electrodes. The structure of the poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the electrochemically synthesized poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), where it was found that the Mw of the polymer is equal to 37900 g/mol. The polymer was characterized using dry conductivity measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, while the spectro-electrochemical studies indicated that poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) films revealed a green color in the oxidized state and a high transmittance in the neutral state. Moreover the poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) film is soluble in common organic solvents, like DMSO, THF, NMP and DMAC. The conductivity of poly(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propanenitrile) was found to be 1.62x10-4 S/cm.

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40

Li, Qiuyun, Bin Li, and Baiquan Wang. "Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cascade sequence for the formation of fused carbazole-annulated medium-sized rings by cleavage of C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H bonds." Chemical Communications 54, no. 66 (2018): 9147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc04428g.

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Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkyne-tethered 3-(indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles for the synthesis of fused carbazole scaffolds via C–H activation has been developed. A series of six-, seven-, and eight-membered hydroazepino[3,2,1-jk]carbazoles were achieved.

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41

Archana and Anandveer Sindhu. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Antipsychotic and Anticonvulsant Activity of Indol-5-YL and Benzoxazepin-4-YL Carbazoles." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130105.

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Various1-(substituted indolylidenylchalconyl) carbazole(2a-2b), 1-[2’-(5’’- substituted indolyl)-1’ , 5’-benzoxazepinyl]-carbazoles(3a-3b) and 1-[2’-(5’’-substituted indolyl)-3’-(2’’’-substitutedphenyl amino)-methyl-1’, 5’-benzoxazepinyl]-carbazoles(4a-4n) have been synthesized according to scheme -1. These compounds were screened for antipsychotic and anticonvulsant activity as well as for acute toxicity. Compound 4dI.E. 1-[2’- (5’’-methoxy indolyl)-3’-(2’’’,3’’’- dichlorophenyl amino)-methyl-1’, 5’-benzoxazepinyl]- carbazoles showed most promising antipsyctotic and anticonvulsant activity with ALD50greaterthan 2000 mg/kg i.p. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental (C, H, N) and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR and mass) analysis.

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42

Benavides, Adriana, Hugo A. Jiménez-Vázquez, José Luis Avila-Melo, Alfredo Fuentes-Gutiérrez, and Joaquín Tamariz. "Total Synthesis of the Natural Carbazoles O-Demethylmurrayanine and Murrastanine A, and of a C4,C4′ Symmetric Murrastanine A Dimer from N-Phenyl-4,5-dimethylene-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one." Synthesis 53, no. 13 (February 8, 2021): 2201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1385-9052.

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AbstractThe synthesis of natural carbazoles O-demethylmurrayanine and murrastanine A starting from the title exo-heterocyclic diene is described. In the synthesis of murrastanine A, its symmetric C4,C4′ dimer can be obtained as the sole product under rather mild conditions. In all cases, the key intermediate is the same diarylamine. The carbazole nucleus is obtained through a Pd-promoted cyclization of the appropriate diarylamine. For the synthesis of O-demethylmurrayanine, the cyclization takes place on a silylated derivative. The crystal structures of murrayanine, two diarylamines, and two non-natural carbazole intermediates are also presented.

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43

Wang, Yongqiang, Jinzhong Zhao, Dongdong Guo, Bin Li, Wenmei Gao, and Wuxia Zhang. "Study on Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Mono-1-alkenylation of 9H-Carbazoles." Synlett 32, no. 08 (February 9, 2021): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1387-5435.

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AbstractA general and efficient method is reported for the direct mono-1-alkenylation of 9H-carbazole molecules with divalent palladium as a catalyst and an N-(2-pyridyl)sulfanyl directing group. This method also provides an efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of cross-dialkenylated carbazoles.

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44

Ranjith Reddy, K., A. Siva Reddy, Devendra K. Dhaked, S. K. Rasheed, Anup Singh Pathania, Ravi Shankar, Fayaz Malik, and Parthasarathi Das. "Palladium-catalyzed arylation of 2H-chromene: a new entry to pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 35 (2015): 9285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01295c.

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Various pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles are synthesized in high yields over five steps from commercially available resorcinol. Palladium-catalyzed arylation remains a key step in this novel strategy. The versatility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the first total synthesis of naturally occurring carbazole clauraila C.

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45

Sharma, Divyanshu, Nitin Kumar, and Devender Pathak. "Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some newer carbazole derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 2 (2014): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130123069s.

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A series of novel 5-((9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl)-N-((substituted phenyl)(piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (4a-4o) derivatives was synthesized by starting with carbazole which on reaction with ethyl choloroacetate yielded ethyl 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)acetate (1), compound (1) on reaction with semicarbazide followed by cyclisation with sulphuric acid gave 5-((9H-carbazole-9-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (3) which through Mannich reaction with piperazine and a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of acetic acid yielded the titled compounds (4a-4o). The structures of compounds were characterized by UV, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS spectral studies and elemental analysis. All the derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Among the tested compounds 4a, 4d, 4e and 4n exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity while the compounds 4a, 4d, 4k and 4n were found to be active on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line i.e. MCF7.

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46

Raju, Potharaju, Thiyagarajan Mageshwaran, Bose Ramalingam, and Arasambattu Mohanakrishnan. "Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Carbazoles, Benzo[c]carbazoles, and Phenanthrenes Through FeCl3-Mediated Cyclization of Triene Frameworks." SynOpen 02, no. 03 (July 2018): 0246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609936.

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A facile synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted carbazoles through electrocyclization of 2,3-divinylindoles using FeCl3 in DMF at reflux is reported. The methodology was found to be applicable for smooth transformation of 3-aryl-2-vinylindole as well as 2-styrylbiphenyl into the respective benzo[c]carbazole and phenanthrene.

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47

YEUNG, M. Y., C. F. LO, and S. K. SO. "AN AB INITIO STUDY OF CARBAZOLE MODEL COMPOUNDS." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 04, no. 01 (March 2005): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633605001453.

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In this paper, an ab initio molecular orbital study of carbazole model compounds has been performed. Carbazoles (KPA) are very useful organic electronic materials for they are both semi-conducting (p-type) and light-emitting (in the blue and UV range). By means of self-consistent Hartree–Fock method and density functional theory, the absorption and light-emitting properties of carbazole model compounds are investigated theoretically. The optimized structures, frontier orbitals, absorption and emission energy spectra are examined in order to give a better understanding of how polar side-groups affect the electronic properties of the compounds.

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48

Majumdar, K. C., U. K. Kundu, U. Das, N. K. Jana, and B. Roy. "N-Iodosuccinimide An effective reagent for regioselective heterocyclization of o-cyclohex-2′-enylanilines for the synthesis of hexahydrocarbazoles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-162.

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A number of carbazoles are synthesized in good yields by the N-iodosuccinimide mediated heterocyclization of o-cyclohex-2′-enylanilines in acetonitrile at 10 °C for 45 min followed by heating with palladiumcharcoal (10%) in benzene (80 °C) for 1820 h.Key words: N-iodosuccinimide, hexahydrocarbazole, heterocyclization, carbazole, Claisen rearrangement.

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49

Tang, Huai Jun, Li Ying Wei, Qian Luo, Xian Wang Shen, and Chang Li Liu. "Effect of 1-(9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione on Properties of Luminescent Europium (III) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.215.

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In order to understand the effect of β-diketone ligands containing carbazole group on luminescent europium (III) complexes, a series of europium (III) complexes (Phen)Eu (DBM)3-nLnwith 1-(9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione (L) were synthesized and investigated contrastively (n = 0, 1, 2, 3; DBM: dibenzoylmethane; Phen: 1,10-phenanthroline). The results show amorphous nature, glass transition temperatures and luminescent intensity can be improved obviously by 1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione, at the same time, their thermal decomposition temperatures have seldom effected by it. The results verify the performance of europium (III) complexes used as luminescent materials can be effectively improved by the β-diketone ligands of this type.

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50

Gao, Wentao, Meiru Zheng, and Yang Li. "A novel and facile synthesis of 3-(2-benzofuroyl)- and 3,6-bis(2-benzofuroyl)carbazole derivatives." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (November 17, 2011): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.180.

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A facile synthesis of hitherto unreported 3-(2-benzofuroyl)carbazoles 3a–k, 3,6-bis(2-benzofuroyl)carbazoles 5a–k, and naphtho[2,1-b]furoylcarbazoles 3l and 5l is described. The synthesis mainly relies on the ultrasound-assisted Rap–Stoermer reaction of 3-chloroacetyl- (1) or 3,6-dichloroacetyl-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole (4) with various salicylaldehydes 2a–k as well as 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (2l) in CH3CN with the presence of PEG-400 as catalyst. The procedure offers easy access to benzofuroylcarbazoles in short reaction times and the products are obtained in moderate to good yields.

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