Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbazoli

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbazoli'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbazoli"

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Hsiao, Sheng-Huei, and Shu-Wei Lin. "Electrochemical synthesis of electrochromic polycarbazole films from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2016): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01407g.

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Liebau, Verena, Mathias Noltemeyer, Jörg Magull, and Uwe Klingebiel. "Carbazolylsilane: Synthese und Kristallstrukturen / Carbazolylsilanes: Synthesis and Crystal Structures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0916.

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Carbazole reacts with n-BuLi and fluorosilanes to give the lithium carbazolide (1) which crystallizes as a dimer from THF. In the reactions of 1 and difluorosilanes, F2SiR2, the carbazolylsilanes C12H8N-SiFR2 (2 - 4 R = Me (2), i Pr (3), t-Bu (4)), are obtained. Bis(carbazolyl)silanes, (C12H8N)2SiFR, are formed in the reaction of 1 with trifluorosilanes, F3SiR, in a molar ratio of 2:1, R = t-Bu (5), Ph (6), Me (7). Using F3SiMe and 1 in a molar ratio of 1:3 the tris(carbazolyl)silane (C12H8N)3SiMe (8) is isolated. The carbazolylfluorosilane 3 reacts with n-BuLi to give 1 and n-butyldiisopropylfluorosilane, or with lithium pyrrolide to give carbazolyl(-diisopropyl)pyrrolylsilane (9). Lithiumpyrrolide cleaves the Si-NC12H8-bond of 9 and forms the diisopropyl-bis(pyrrolyl)silane 10. The crystal structures of 5, 6 and 7 have been determined and are discussed.
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Karaaslan, Cigdem, Hande Gurer-Orhan, Sibel Suzen, Luciano Saso, Omidreza Firuzi, Marjan Tavakkoli, and Elif Ince. "Behaviour of 9-Ethyl-9H-carbazole Hydrazone Derivatives Against Oxidant Systems." Croatica chemica acta 92, no. 1 (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca3481.

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Antioxidants are helpful in prevention of several diseases related with oxidative stress including neurodegenerative disorders. In recent studies, carbazoles were given proof of promising antioxidant activities. In this article, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, characterized and their in vitro antioxidant activity and possible cytotoxic effects were investigated. Furthermore, protective effect of the synthesized derivatives against amyloid β-induced damage in PC12 neuronal cells was examined by using MTT assay. The newly synthesized carbazoles were found to have radical scavenging activity with a varying potency both in cell-free and cell-based in vitro assays. Several compounds, especially such as 3d and 3e, 3m and 3n bearing two halogen groups on the phenyl ring, were found to have cytotoxic activity. However, their cytotoxic activities were not higher than that of melatonin. Several compounds also significantly protected neuronal PC12 cells against amyloid β-induced damage, which can be defined as neuroprotective agents. (4-(2-((9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)benzonitrile) 3r was found as the most active compound with both radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects against amyloid β-induced damage. These findings might provide an alternative strategy for developing novel carbazole derivatives for management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Luparello, Claudio, Ilenia Cruciata, Andreas C. Joerger, Cory A. Ocasio, Rhiannon Jones, Raysa Khan Tareque, Mark C. Bagley, et al. "Genotoxicity and Epigenotoxicity of Carbazole-Derived Molecules on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073410.

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The carbazole compounds PK9320 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(furan-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine) and PK9323 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(thiazol-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), second-generation analogues of PK083 (1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), restore p53 signaling in Y220C p53-mutated cancer cells by binding to a mutation-induced surface crevice and acting as molecular chaperones. In the present paper, these three molecules have been tested for mutant p53-independent genotoxic and epigenomic effects on wild-type p53 MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, employing a combination of Western blot for phospho-γH2AX histone, Comet assay and methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR to analyze their intrinsic DNA damage-inducing and DNA methylation-changing abilities. We demonstrate that small modifications in the substitution patterns of carbazoles can have profound effects on their intrinsic genotoxic and epigenetic properties, with PK9320 and PK9323 being eligible candidates as “anticancer compounds” and “anticancer epi-compounds” and PK083 a “damage-corrective” compound on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Such different properties may be exploited for their use as anticancer agents and chemical probes.
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Lifshits, Liubov M., Varun Singh, Matthias Zeller, and Jeremy K. Klosterman. "Ethyl 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzoate: fivefold superstructure with ten crystallographically independent molecules refined from a twinned crystal." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 11 (October 24, 2016): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616015825.

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The photophysical properties of organic fluorophores are sensitive to the local sterics of the surrounding environment. Restriction of torsional motion in aggregates and crystals can give rise to enhanced emissive behavior.N-Aryl-substituted carbazoles serve an essential role as ubiquitous host matrices for organic light-emitting diodes, due to their large band gaps and high triplet energies, and so studies connecting photophysical behaviors with detailed crystallographic structural information are important. To elucidate the structural changes involved in the excited-state charge-transfer processes ofN-aryl-substituted carbazoles with ester withdrawing groups, ethyl 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) benzoate, C21H17NO2, was synthesized. The compound crystallizes with ten independent molecules in the asymmetric unit that pack together through moderate C—H...π interactions between carbazole units (2.5–2.9 Å) and π-stacks of benzoate groups (3.8–3.9 Å) between neighboring molecules. Four of the ten independent molecules show disorder by rotation of the ethyl carboxylate groups, with major occupancy rates between 0.931 (3) and 0.840 (3). The attached benzoate groups are also disordered, with identical occupancies, to compensate for the altered steric profile of the misaligned ethyl ester groups. For two molecules, the disorder extends to the entire carbazole units as well. Torsion angles between the nonplanar carbazole and benzoate groups range from θ = 44.8 to 57.2°, while those between the benzoate planes and the carboxylate COO atoms vary from α = 6.4 to 15.7°. The crystal is twinned by pseudomerohedry. The superstructure can be reduced to a hypothetical averaged parent structure in the space groupPbcnwithZ′ = 1, displaying fourfold disorder. Variable-temperature data collection shows that there is no phase transition between the disordered supercell and the hypothetical parent structure; supercell reflections persist up to 350 K. We propose that the disorder and variation in torsion angles result from frustrated close-packing and necessitate a unit cell with a highZ′ number.
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Tavgeniene, Daiva, Raminta Beresneviciute, Dovydas Blazevicius, Gintare Krucaite, Greta Jacunskaite, Sujith Sudheendran Swayamprabha, Jwo-Huei Jou, and Saulius Grigalevicius. "3-(N,N-Diphenylamino)carbazole Donor Containing Bipolar Derivatives with Very High Glass Transition Temperatures as Potential TADF Emitters for OLEDs." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070932.

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Well-defined electroactive bipolar derivatives of new structure have been synthesized from 3-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9H-carbazole and bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone, 4-fluorophenylsulfone or 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone, respectively. The full characterization of their structure is described. The amorphous materials with very high glass transition temperatures of 111–173 °C also possess high thermal stability, with onset decomposition temperatures of 351–398 °C. Some of the compounds having the best solubility were tested as the emitters dispersed in 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) host for preparation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A device containing 15 wt% of the guest bis[4-{3-(N,N-diphenylamino)carbazol-9-yl}phenyl] sulfone demonstrated the best overall characteristics with maximum brightness exceeding 2630 cd/m2, current efficiency of 3.2 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.2 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency exceeding 1.7% at 100 cd/m2.
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Zander, Maximilian. "P-Typ-verzögerte Fluoreszenz von 1-Naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methan." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0712.

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P-tvpe Delayed Fluorescence o f 1-Naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methane At 77 K 1-naphthyl-9-carbazyl-methane adsorbed on filter paper shows predominantly delayed fluorescence o f the carbazole chromophore. The experimental findings are in agreement with the assumption that the carbazole chromophore after excitation by light absorption becomes first deactivated by intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer and then re-excited in a two-step mechanism including intermolecular naphthalene triplet-triplet annihilation and intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer from the naphthalene to the carbazole chromophore.
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Wantulok, Jakub, Daniel Swoboda, Jacek E. Nycz, Maria Książek, Joachim Kusz, Jan Grzegorz Małecki, and Vladimír Kubíček. "Direct Amination of Nitroquinoline Derivatives via Nucleophilic Displacement of Aromatic Hydrogen." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071857.

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The vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS) reaction in electron-deficient nitroquinolines was studied. Properties of all new products have been characterized by several techniques: MS, HRMS, FTIR, GC-MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and multinuclear NMR. The structures of 4-chloro-8-nitroquinoline, 8-(tert-butyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroquinoline, 9-(8-nitroquinolin-7-yl)-9H-carbazole and (Z)-7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-8-(hydroxyimino)quinolin-5(8H)-one were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The 9-(8-nitroquinolin-7-yl)-9H-carbazole and (Z)-7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-8-(hydroxyimino)quinolin-5(8H)-one illustrate the nitro/nitroso conversion within VNS reaction. Additionally, 9-(8-isopropyl-2-((8-isopropyl-2-methyl-5-nitroquinolin-6-yl)methyl)-5-nitrosoquinolin-6-yl)-9H-carbazole is presented as a double VNS product. It is postulated that the potassium counterion interacts with the oxygen on the nitro group, which could influence nucleophile attack in that way.
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Golubeva, I. S., N. P. Yavorskaya, L. V. Ektova, M. V. Dmitrieva, L. M. Borisova, V. A. Eremina, N. I. Tikhonova, and R. B. Pugacheva. "ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF INDOLO[2,3-A]CARBAZOLES N-GLYCOSIDES WITH XYLOSE CARBOHYDRATE RESIDUE." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 19, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2020-19-4-86-93.

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Introduction. The search for new antineoplastic agents in a series of indolo[2,3-a]-carbazole derivatives is an urgent and promising direction, since compounds with antitumor activity have been found in this class. In the chemical fusion laboratory, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center оf the Ministry of Health of Russia has developed an original and effective method for the synthesis of glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]-pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles, which makes it possible to synthesize derivatives of N-glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with different substituents in the heterocyclic parts including at the maleimide nitrogen atom and with different carbohydrate residues.The purpose of the study – the primary assessment of the antitumor activity of new derivatives of indolocarbazoles with a carbohydrate residue xylose in models of tumor growth mice.Materials and methods. The compounds studied at transplanted tumors of mice: the Lewis epidermoid carcinoma (LLC), colon cancer ACATOL, cervical cancer RSHM-5, breast adenocarcinoma CA-755. Studies were performed on immunocompetent mice: males and females of BDF1 hybrids (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2), females CBA/Lac and Balb/c. Compound solutions were prepared ex tempore and administered to the mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily for five days. The antitumor effect was evaluated as to of tumor growth inhibition and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared with the control ones.Results. Eight compounds studied, containing D-xylose as a carbohydrate component and various substituents at the maleimide nitrogen atom, showed different degrees of antitumor activity. Two derivatives have been identified: N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]benzamide (compound 4) and N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide (compound 8), which showed high antitumor activity on 4 solid tumors of mice with a duration of effect of 12 days or more. The most pronounced antitumor effect was obtained in compounds 4 and 8 in RSHM-5 and Ca-755, tumor growth inhibition was amounted, respectively: in RSHM-5 – 68–82 % and 80–72 %; for Ca-755 – 57–62 % and 86–68 % (p <0.05).Conclusion. For further research, we chose the compound (N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xilopiranosil)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a] pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide).
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Kobayashi, Masaya, and Tomohisa Kuzuyama. "Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Carbazoles Produced by Actinomycetes." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081147.

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Structurally diverse carbazole alkaloids are valuable due to their pharmaceutical properties and have been isolated from nature. Experimental knowledge on carbazole biosynthesis is limited. The latest development of in silico analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters for bacterial carbazoles has allowed studies on the biosynthesis of a carbazole skeleton, which was established by sequential enzyme-coupling reactions associated with an unprecedented carbazole synthase, a thiamine-dependent enzyme, and a ketosynthase-like enzyme. This review describes the carbazole biosynthetic mechanism, which includes a key step in enzymatic formation of a tricyclic carbazole skeleton, followed by modifications such as prenylation and hydroxylation in the skeleton.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbazoli"

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Marrelli, Mariangela. "Progettazione, sintesi e valutazione dell'attivita biologica di nuovi carbazoli." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P605.

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Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé au Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’Université Paris Descartes et au Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie du Département des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l’Université de Calabre. L’objectif du travail était de synthétiser de nouveaux carbazoles conçus comme analogues d’un cis stilbène naturel, la combrétastatine A4 (CA-4) et d’évaluer les activités biologiques des composés réalisés. Des travaux antérieurs réalisés au laboratoire de l’Université Paris Descartes ont conduit à la synthèse de composés à potentialité antivasculaire, analogues de la combrétastatine A-4. Dans ce cadre, des 3-aroylindoles, conçus comme des analogues hétérocycliques de la CA4 ont été synthétisés et ont montré, in vitro, une excellente activité cytotoxique corrélées à une forte inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline et un arrondissement des cellules endothéliales prédictif de l’activité antivasculaire. A la suite de ces travaux des analogues contraints de type tétrahydrocarbazoles et carbazoles ont également été préparés. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, afin de poursuivre les études de relations structure-activité dans cette série, l’objectif de la thèse a été la préparation d’analogues de la série précédente. Afin de réduire les contraintes stériques au niveau du cycle benzénique et d’améliorer l’activité biologique, des analogues “ouverts” des composés précédents ont été synthétisés. Dans un premier temps, des pyrrolocarbazoles ont été préparés selon une réaction à trois composants permettant un accès rapide à ces composés. Une deuxième série de composés substitués par un méthoxyle en position 8 sur le cycle A, a montré une activité biologique supérieure à celle de la série non substituée précédemment obtenue. Cependant, l’accès à cette série, en utilisant le même type de réaction est ici plus difficile. Des tentatives d’optimisation ont été réalisées et un dérivé bromé en 8 a pu être obtenu avec un bon rendement et devrait permettre un accès facile à ces composés. Les relations structure activité en série pyrrolocarbazole ayant montré qu’un faible encombrement stérique était favorable à l’activité, l’essentiel du travail a consisté à accéder à des dérivés dont le cycle maléimide a été ouvert. L’évaluation biologique de composés potentiellement antitumoraux mettant en jeu un mécanisme antivasculaire par interaction avec la tubuline nécessite de mesurer à la fois l’activité cytotoxique sur des cellules de lignées tumorales et l’effet de l’inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline. L’activité des composés a été déterminée sur une lignée de mélanome murin B16. La survie des cellules a été mesurée à l’aide d’un test colorimétrique au MTT. Ce test est basé sur la réduction du MTT (bromure de 3-(4’,5’-diméthylthiazol-2’-yl)-2,5-diphényltétrazolium). L’inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline a été évaluée en utilisant un colorant de l’ADN, le DAPI, selon un test décrit par Barron et al (2003) et Bane (2006). Afin de compléter ces deux tests, l’effet de ces composés sur la morphologie de cellules humaines endothéliales modifiées (Ea. Hy926) a aussi été évalué, ce dernier test étant considéré comme assez prédictifs de l’activité antivasculaire in vivo. Les résultats ont permis d’orienter le travail de thèse et de comprendre les relations structure-activité. Les molécules substituée (série R=OCH3) ont montré une bonne activité biologique. Ces molécules possèdent à la fois une bonne activité cytotoxique et une bonne inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline. Une excellente activité biologique est également présentée par les molécules de la série R=Br et des effets significatifs sur la morphologie des cellules endothéliales Ea. Hy926 ont également été montrés. Pour la dernière partie de la thèse, le travail a été dédié à la synthèse de nouveaux diindolylméthanes (DIM). Des composés naturels isolés de plantes de la famille des Cruciferae appartiennent à cette famille moduleraient positivement le métabolisme des œstrogènes et pourraient prévenir l’apparition de cancers hormono-dépendants. Des composés de cette série se sont formés comme produits secondaires lors des synthèses des carbazoles précédents. Une synthèse de nouveaux diindolylméthane a été réalisée et ces composés sont obtenus avec de bons rendements. La cytotoxicité des composés a été déterminée sur une lignée de cellules de cancer de la prostate (LNCaP) et deux lignées de cancer du sein (MCF-7 et SKBR3). La capacité d’induire l’apoptose a été aussi étudié
The present study was carried out at the Laboratory of Phytopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science (University of Calabria), and at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy belonging to the University Paris Descartes of Paris. The research activity was focused on the synthesis of new carbazoles as analogues of the natural stilbene combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), and on the in vitro evaluation of the biological activity of obtained compounds. At the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, were already synthesized heterocyclic derivatives of the CA-4, characterized by an high biological activity. The aim of the present study was to synthesize analogues of the previously obtained compounds and to modify the molecules structure in order to improve the biological properties with the goal to complete the study on the structure-activity relationships of this series of molecules. During the previous works were synthesized new 3-aroylindoles, formulated as heterocyclic analogues of CA-4. Successively was synthesized a series of 5-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrrole[3,4-a]carbazole-1,3(2H,10H)-diones formulated as cis-blocked analogues of 3-aroylindoles and arylthioindoles previously obtained. Some of these molecules were characterized by an high biological activity. The goal of the present study was to synthesize new carbazoles, ring-open analogues of the previous series, in order to reduce the steric crowd on the benzenic ring (characterizing the carbazoles and tetrahydrocarbazoles previously synthesized) with the aim to obtain molecules characterized by an higher biological activity. The research project was subdivided in different steps. During the first step, was synthesized a series of molecules starting from indole. To synthesize these molecules was employed an opportunely modified procedure described by Noland et al. In the 1996. The realization of this first series of molecules was pivotal because it permitted to plan appropriate synthesis for the realization of more complex molecules. During the second step, on the basis of known structure-activity relationships, a new series of molecules was synthesized starting from the 6-methoxyindole in order to obtain molecules characterized by an higher biological activity then the one showed from the first not substituted series of molecules. So, during the thesis work were synthesized new trimethoxyphenyl-pyrroloindolecarbazoles starting from indole and a second series of molecules starting from 6-methoxyindole. Many attempts were carried out in order to obtain molecules with a not benziliated maleimide ring and with a lower steric crowd, without reaching the purpose. The goal was reached realizing the same synthesis procedures starting from 6-bromoindole. So, was possible to synthesize new compounds starting from the maleimide instead of the N-benzyl maleimide. To evaluate the potential anticancer activity due to antivascular properties of synthesized compounds, the cytotoxic activity of molecules and the inhibition of tubulin polymerization were assessed in vitro. In a first screening, the antiproliferative activity of synthesized molecules was assayed, using the in vitro bioassay MTT, on B16 cancer cell line (murine melanome). The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test is a colorimetric assay largely used to estimate cell proliferation and vitality through the evaluation of mitochondrial efficiency. The capacity to inhibit the tubulin polymerization was estimated using the fluorescent dye DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), using the Barron (2003) and Bane (2007) procedures opportunely modified. In order to complete the evaluation of biological activity of compounds, the effects on the morphology of endothelial cells Ea. Hy 926 were also evaluated. Obtained results permitted to plan the synthesis and to underline the structure-activity relationships for the realized molecules. The analysis of biological activity of substituted molecules (R=OCH3) showed good preliminary results. These molecules seems promising on both effects on morphology of endothelial cells and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Good results, concerning the antiproliferative effects and the influence on morphology on endothelial cells (Ea. Hy 926), were also observed for bromo-analogues. During the last step of experimental work, the research activity was focused on the synthesis of new bisindolylmethanes. These molecules and their derivatives are known as an important class of heterocyclic compounds in pharmaceutical industry. Bisindolylmethanes are found in cruciferous plants and are known to promote beneficial estrogen metabolism and to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. In order to synthesize new new carbazoles characterized by a low steric crowd, the general procedure previously utilized was applied employing different reagents. These reactions did not lead to the synthesis of new carbazoles, but it was possible to observe the formation of a new bisindolylmethane. Successively, the goal of this thesis was to improve the synthesis strategy to increase the yield of the reaction and to evaluate if the procedure could be applied for the synthesis of substituted bisindolylmethanes. The antiproliferative activity of molecules was assayed on different human cancer cells line through the MTT in vitro assay. Particularly, were employed two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SKBR3), and one prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). Moreover, the evaluation of apoptosis was carried out
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Marrelli, Mariangela. "Progettazione, sintesi e valutazione dell'attività biologica di nuovi carbazoli." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/243.

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2008 - 2009
Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato svolto presso il laboratorio di Fitofarmacia del Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche dell’Università della Calabria e presso il Laboratorio di Farmacognosia dell’Università Paris Descartes di Parigi. L’attività di ricerca è stata dedicata alla sintesi di nuovi carbazoli concepiti come analoghi dello stilbene naturale combretastatina A-4 (CA-4) ed alla successiva valutazione dell’attività biologica in vitro dei composti ottenuti. Presso il Laboratorio di Farmacognosia dell’Università Paris Descartes erano stati già sintetizzati degli analoghi eterociclici della combretastatina A-4, dotati di buona attività biologica. Obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è stato quello di sintetizzare analoghi dei composti precedentemente ottenuti, apportando ulteriori modifiche strutturali atte a migliorarne le proprietà biologiche, al fine di completare lo studio delle relazioni struttura-attività di questa serie di molecole. Nel corso dei precedenti lavori erano stati sintetizzati dei nuovi 3-aroilindoli, concepiti quali analoghi eterociclici della CA-4 e, successivamente, una serie di 5-(3’,4’,5’-trimetossifenil)pirrolo[3,4-a]carbazoli-1,3(2H,10H)-dioni, concepiti come analoghi cis-blocked dei 3-aroilindoli ed ariltioindoli ottenuti. Alcune di queste molecole avevano mostrato in vitro una buona attività biologica. Obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è stato quello di sintetizzare nuovi carbazoli, analoghi « aperti » della precedente serie, in modo da ridurre l’ingombro sterico a livello dell’anello benzenico che caratterizzava i carbazoli ed i tetraidrocarbazoli già realizzati, al fine di ottenere dei composti che esplicassero una migliore attività biologica. Il progetto di ricerca ha previsto inizialmente la sintesi di una prima serie di molecole realizzata a partire dall’indolo non sostituito, concepita come modello sperimentale. Per la sintesi delle molecole è stata impiegata una procedura descritta da Noland e collaboratori nel 1996, con qualche opportuna modifica. La realizzazione di questa prima serie di molecole è stata fondamentale, poiché ha consentito di mettere a punto percorsi di sintesi adeguati alla realizzazione di molecole più complesse. Una seconda serie di molecole è stata infatti realizzata, successivamente, a partire dal 6-metossindolo, al fine di ottenere, sulla base di relazioni struttura-attività note, molecole dotate di attività biologica superiore a quella mostrata dalle molecole della prima serie non sostituite. Nel corso del lavoro di tesi sono stati dunque sintetizzati nuovi trimetossifenil-pirroloindolocarbazoli a partire dall’indolo semplice e, in seguito, una seconda serie di molecole a partire dal 6-metossindolo. Molti tentativi sono stati compiuti al fine di ottenere molecole non benzilate sull’anello della maleimide, che fossero caratterizzate da un minor ingombro sterico, ma gli esperimenti non hanno condotto ai risultati attesi. Tale obiettivo è stato raggiunto, infine, realizzando le medesime procedure di sintesi a partire dal 6-bromoindolo: è stato possibile così sintetizzare nuovi composti a partire direttamente dalla maleimide anziché dalla N-benzilmaleimide, e che presentano pertanto un anello aromatico in meno rispetto ai precedenti analoghi. Al fine di valutare la potenziale attività antitumorale legata a proprietà antivascolari delle molecole sintetizzate, si è provveduto alla determinazione della citotossicità in vitro ed alla valutazione degli effetti inibitori sulla polimerizzazione della tubulina. In uno screening iniziale, l’attività antiproliferativa delle molecole sintetizzate è stata testata sulla linea cellulare tumorale B16 (cellule di melanoma murino), mediante il saggio in vitro MTT. Il saggio del bromuro di 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio (MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) è un saggio colorimetrico ampiamente utilizzato, che permette di misurare la proliferazione e la vitalità cellulare attraverso la valutazione dell'efficienza mitocondriale. La capacità delle molecole di inibire la polimerizzazione della tubulina è stata valutata, invece, utilizzando il colorante fluorescente DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), impiegando con qualche opportuna modifica la procedura descritta da Barron et al. nel 2003 e da Bane e collaboratori nel 2007. Il colorante degli acidi nucleici DAPI subisce delle modificazioni in termini di fluorescenza in seguito al legame con la tubulina e all’assemblaggio dei monomeri, e le variazioni nell’intensità dell’emissione possono essere impiegati per monitorare la polimerizzazione della proteina. Per completare la valutazione dell’attività biologica dei composti ottenuti sono stati valutati, inoltre, gli effetti sulla morfologia delle cellule endoteliali Ea.hy 926, test considerato predittivo di una potenziale attività antivascolare in vivo. I risultati ottenuti hanno consentito di orientare il lavoro di sintesi e di evidenziare le relazioni struttura-attività per le serie di molecole realizzate. L’analisi dell’attività biologica delle molecole sostituite (serie R=OCH3) ha evidenziato ottimi risultati preliminari, coerentemente a quanto da noi ipotizzato sulla base delle relazioni struttura-attività note. Queste molecole sembrerebbero promettenti, infatti, sia per quanto concerne gli effetti sulla morfologia delle cellule endoteliali, sia per quanto riguarda l’attività inibitoria sulla polimerizzazione della tubulina. Ottimi risultati sono stati osservati per gli analoghi appartenenti alla serie R=Br, sia per quanto concerne gli effetti antiproliferativi, sia per quanto riguarda gli effetti sulla morfologia delle cellule endoteliali Ea.hy 926. Durante l’ultima parte del lavoro sperimentale, l’attività di ricerca è stata dedicata alla sintesi di nuovi diindolilmetani. I diindolilmetani ed i loro derivati costituiscono un’importante classe di composti eterociclici impiegati dall’industria farmaceutica. Queste molecole sono presenti nelle piante appartenenti alla famiglia delle Cruciferae, e sono note per la loro capacità di promuovere il metabolismo degli estrogeni e di indurre apoptosi in cellule tumorali umane. Allo scopo di sintetizzare nuovi carbazoli che fossero caratterizzati da un minor ingombro sterico, la procedura generale impiegata per la sintesi dei tetraidrocarbazoli è stata applicata utilizzando diversi prodotti di partenza. Queste reazioni non hanno condotto alla sintesi di nuovi carbazoli, ma è stato possibile, tuttavia, osservare la formazione di un nuovo diindolilmetano. Obiettivo seguente è stato dunque quello di migliorare la strategia di sintesi utilizzando una procedura più opportuna, in modo da aumentare le rese di reazione. Nelle fasi successive si è inteso appurare se la stessa procedura potesse essere applicata anche alla sintesi di diindolilmetani sostituiti. L’attività antiproliferativa delle molecole è stata testata su diverse linee cellulari tumorali umane mediante il saggio in vitro MTT. Sono state impiegate, in particolare, due linee cellulari di tumore mammario, MCF-7 (human breast cancer, ormono-dipendente) ed SKBR3 (human breast cancer, ormono-indipendente), ed una linea di tumore prostatico, LNCaP (human prostatic adenocarcinoma). In una seconda fase della valutazione dell’attività biologica si è inteso verificare se l’attività antiproliferativa fosse correlata ad induzione di apoptosi. [a cura dell'Autore]
VIII n.s.
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Knott, Kerstin. "Iron-mediated Synthesis of the Antiostatins." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1237582907592-42405.

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Within this thesis the first total syntheses of eight biologically active natural products from the family of carbazole alkaloids, antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5, were established. Spectroscopic data of the synthesised natural products are in good agreement with the isolated antiostatins from Streptomyces cyaneus 2007-SV1, which confirms the molecular structures assigned to the natural products. The total synthesis of the antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5 were achieved employing the iron-mediated synthesis to form the carbazole nucleus from a cyclohexadienylium iron salt and appropriate arylamines. This transition metal-mediated approach could be applied to all antiostatins in excellent yields. The antiostatins A1-4 and B2-5 represent the first carbazole alkaloids with an acetamide or substituted biuret chain. Introduction of the sophisticated substituents proceeded selectively on C-4 in high yields. Antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5 could be synthesised over eight steps from a tricarbonyliron-coordinated cyclohexadienylium salt. The overall yields are in the range of 31 – 63%.
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Knott, Kerstin. "Iron-mediated Synthesis of the Antiostatins." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24053.

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Within this thesis the first total syntheses of eight biologically active natural products from the family of carbazole alkaloids, antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5, were established. Spectroscopic data of the synthesised natural products are in good agreement with the isolated antiostatins from Streptomyces cyaneus 2007-SV1, which confirms the molecular structures assigned to the natural products. The total synthesis of the antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5 were achieved employing the iron-mediated synthesis to form the carbazole nucleus from a cyclohexadienylium iron salt and appropriate arylamines. This transition metal-mediated approach could be applied to all antiostatins in excellent yields. The antiostatins A1-4 and B2-5 represent the first carbazole alkaloids with an acetamide or substituted biuret chain. Introduction of the sophisticated substituents proceeded selectively on C-4 in high yields. Antiostatins A1 to A4 and B2 to B5 could be synthesised over eight steps from a tricarbonyliron-coordinated cyclohexadienylium salt. The overall yields are in the range of 31 – 63%.
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Ottone, Chiara. "Nouveaux copolymères donneur-accepteur : préparation, caractérisation physico-chimique et application des cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864002.

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Ce travail de thèse concerne l'élaboration de nouveaux copolymères à faible bande interdite de type " push-pull ", constitués par une unité donneuse d'électrons (push) et une unité acceptrice d'électrons (pull) en modulant les relations structures-propriétés par stratégie de synthèse. Des copolymères constitués par des unités acceptrices d'électrons (dérivées du benzothiadiazole ou du thienopyrrolodione) et donneuses d'électrons (3,6-carbazole, 2,7-carbazole, dialkoxybezodithiophène) ont été obtenus par différentes méthodes de couplage carbone carbone (C-C). Des études physico-chimiques par des techniques de spectroscopie (UV-visible), d'électrochimie (voltampérométrie cyclique), de diffraction de rayon X et d'analyses thermogravimétriques ont été utilisées pour élucider les propriétés fondamentales des copolymères pour des applications dans le domaine du photovoltaïque organique. Des études de RPE sous éclairement couplées avec de la simulation théorique ont permis l'étude des différents transferts électroniques dans les copolymères push-pull en mélange avec deux types de matériaux accepteurs d'électrons (le PCBM et les nanocristaux de CuInS2). Des calculs de DFT ont mis en évidence une bonne corrélation avec les résultats expérimentaux. Des tests préliminaires en hétérojonctions volumiques sur les (co)polymères ont étés réalisés mettant en évidence les facteurs clés limitant les performances des dispositifs de photovoltaïques organiques.
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Dufour, Fabien. "Synthèse en série carbazolique, analogues d'ellipticine, et dihydrocarbazolocarbazoles." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ031S/document.

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L’ellipticine, alcaloïde tétracyclique naturel au squelette 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole, et certains de ses dérivés possèdent des propriétés antitumorales. L’objectif de ce travail a été, d’une part de trouver une méthode de synthèse de deux types d’intermédiaires précis non décrits à notre connaissance (dérivés du carbazole et de la pyridine), puis de synthétiser des analogues d’ellipticine possédant un cycle saturé supplémentaire, ces modifications structurales pouvant être intéressantes du point de vue de l’activité biologique. Initialement envisagée à partir de dérivés du furane par ouverture du cycle furanique en milieu acide, les dérivés carbazoliques 10-méthyl-1,10-dihydrocyclopenta[a]carbazol-3(2H)-one, 1,2,3,11-tétrahydro-4H-benzo[a]carbazol-4-one, 2,3,4,11-tétrahydro-1H-benzo[a]carbazol-1-one, et 11-méthyl-1,2,3,11-tétrahydro-4H-benzo[a]carbazol-4-one ont finalement été obtenus grâce à la synthèse indolique de Fischer, puis réaction de Friedel-Crafts pour la première molécule et réduction par les métaux dissous, oxydation par la DDQ pour les trois suivantes. Un des dérivés carbazoliques synthétisés nous a fourni par la méthode d’Eloy et Deryckere des analogues de l’ellipticine contenant un cycle saturé supplémentaire à six chaînons, molécules au squelette 1,2,3,12-tétrahydroisoquino[5,4-ab]carbazole, le produit final possédant une chaîne polyaminée, considérée comme utile pour obtenir une activité biologique significative. D’autres systèmes hétérocycliques ont été synthétisés à partir des intermédiaires carbazoliques, notamment des nouveaux dihydrocarbazolocarbazoles
Ellipticine, a tetracyclic natural alkaloid with the 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole skeleton and some of its derivatives display antitumoral properties. The aim of this work was firstly to find a general method to synthesize two types of intermediates not described in the literature to our knowledge (carbazole and pyridine derivatives), and then to synthesize some ellipticine analogs, which contain an additional saturated cycle, these structural modifications could be interesting regarding to biological activity. The synthesis was initially thought starting from furan derivatives, and opening of the ring under acidic conditions. 10-Methyl-1,10-dihydrocyclopenta[a]carbazol-3(2H)-one, 1,2,3,11-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[a]carbazol-4-one, 2,3,4,11-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[a]carbazol-1-one, and 11-methyl-1,2,3,11-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[a]carbazol-4-one were eventually obtained by Fischer indole synthesis, followed by Friedel-Crafts reaction for the first product and dissolved metal reduction, DDQ oxidation for the three other molecules. Second hoped intermediates, for instance 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative 3-chloro-7,8-dihydro-6H-isoquinolin-5-one, were not obtained. One of the carbazolic derivatives afforded by the Eloy and Deryckere method ellipticine analogs containing an additional 6-member saturated ring, molecule having a 1,2,3,12-tetrahydroisoquino[5,4-ab]carbazole scaffold. Final product of this synthesis has a polyaminated chain, needed to find a biological activity. Other heterocyclic systems were synthesized from the carbazolic intermediates, like some new dihydrocarbazolocarbazoles
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7

Leontyev, Alexey E. "Carbazole-Fluorenone Dyes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245273099.

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8

Kirst, Juliane. "Synthese halogenierter Carbazole und Totalsynthese der Amaryllisalkaloide Pratosin und Hippadin." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-21142.

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Während meiner Dissertation beschäftigte ich mich mit der Synthese von polyhalogenierten Carbazolderivaten. Das Carbazolgerüst wurde über den Palladiumvermittelten, bestehend aus Buchwald-Hartwig-Aminierung und oxidativer Cyclisierung, aufgebaut. Die Halogensubstituenten wurden entweder am Carbazol eingeführt oder bereits über die Startmoleküle in die Synthese eingebracht. Somit konnten verschiedene halogenierte halogenierte Derivate synthetisiert werden. Diese Verbindungen konnten in einer Kooperation mit Herrn Prof. Gutzeit aus der Fachrichtung Biologie der TU Dresden auf ihre Aktivität in der Inhibierung der Myosin ATPase untersucht werden. Dabei wurde ein tribromiertes 1-Hydroxycarbazol als wirksamer Inhibitor identifiziert. Der zweite Teil der Promotion umfasst die Darstellung der Amaryllisalkaloide Pratosin und Hippadin, sowie der auf diesem Weg ebenfalls zugänglichen Naturstoffe Assoanin, Oxoassoanin, Anhydrolycorin-7-on und deren Naturstoffanaloga Anhydrolycorin. Die Synthese wurde auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen durchgeführt und beinhaltet als Schlüsselreaktionen die Eisenvermittelte C-C und C-N Bindungsbildung, sowie die Palladiumvermittelte Biarylkupplung
This thesis is about my research study of the synthesis of polyhalogenated carbazoles. The skeletal structure of the carbazoles are easily assembled by palladium(0)-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and palladium(II)-mediated oxidative cyclisation. Through cooperation with Prof. Gutzeit many different halogenated carbazole derivatives could be analyzed concerning the activity of the inhibition of myosin ATPase. The tribrominated 1-Hydroxycarbazole was identified as sn effective inhibitor. The second part of my thesis includes the total synthesis of amaryllidaceae alkaloids pratosine, oxoassoanine, assoanine, hippadine, anhydrolycorinone and anhydrolycorine. The synthesis was accomplished by two different pathways which include the Iron-mediated C-C and C-N bond formation and intramolecular palladium-catalysed biaryl coupling reaction as the key steps
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Krahl, Micha P. "Regioselektive Synthese oxygenierter Carbazole." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1168004377329-87485.

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In der heutigen Wirkstoffforschung stellen vor allem multiresistente Krankheitserreger eine große Herausforderung an die Wissenschaft dar. Noch sterben z.B. an der Tuberkulose jährlich etwa 1.7 Millionen Menschen, davon 69000 allein in Europa (WHO-Angaben, 2004). Die Tuberkulose verursacht neben AIDS die meisten Todesfälle unter den Infektionskrankheiten. Ein großes Problem sind die zahlreichen Neuerkrankungen, die mit herkömmlichen Mitteln nicht mehr behandelt werden können, sowie zunehmende Medikamentenallergien. Somit ist ein wichtiges Gebiet der Wirkstoff-forschung, neben der Weiterentwicklung bekannter Medikamente, deren Neuentwicklung. Dabei leistet die Natur eine unentbehrliche Orientierungshilfe. So konnte aus asiatischen Medizinalpflanzen in letzter Zeit eine Reihe von Carbazolalkaloiden isoliert werden, die zweifelsfrei gegen das HI-Virus oder das Mycobakterium tuberculose, dem Erreger der Tuberkulose, aktiv sind.[1] Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die regioselektive Synthese oxygenierter Carbazole. Dabei wurde das Konzept der eisenvermittelten Carbazolsynthese angewendet und darüber hinaus als Alternative die palladiumvermittelte Carbazolsynthese weiterentwickelt. Die für den Palladiumweg benötigten N,N-Diarylamine konnten über die BUCHWALD-HARTWIG-Aminierung, die Eisensalzkomplexe über eine katalytische Komplexierung ausgehend von Cyclohexadienen mit Pentacarbonyleisen hergestellt werden. Beide Methoden wurden gegenübergestellt und besonders hinsichtlich ihrer Ausbeuten und Syntheseeffizienz verglichen.
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Krahl, Micha P. "Regioselektive Synthese oxygenierter Carbazole." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24953.

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In der heutigen Wirkstoffforschung stellen vor allem multiresistente Krankheitserreger eine große Herausforderung an die Wissenschaft dar. Noch sterben z.B. an der Tuberkulose jährlich etwa 1.7 Millionen Menschen, davon 69000 allein in Europa (WHO-Angaben, 2004). Die Tuberkulose verursacht neben AIDS die meisten Todesfälle unter den Infektionskrankheiten. Ein großes Problem sind die zahlreichen Neuerkrankungen, die mit herkömmlichen Mitteln nicht mehr behandelt werden können, sowie zunehmende Medikamentenallergien. Somit ist ein wichtiges Gebiet der Wirkstoff-forschung, neben der Weiterentwicklung bekannter Medikamente, deren Neuentwicklung. Dabei leistet die Natur eine unentbehrliche Orientierungshilfe. So konnte aus asiatischen Medizinalpflanzen in letzter Zeit eine Reihe von Carbazolalkaloiden isoliert werden, die zweifelsfrei gegen das HI-Virus oder das Mycobakterium tuberculose, dem Erreger der Tuberkulose, aktiv sind.[1] Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die regioselektive Synthese oxygenierter Carbazole. Dabei wurde das Konzept der eisenvermittelten Carbazolsynthese angewendet und darüber hinaus als Alternative die palladiumvermittelte Carbazolsynthese weiterentwickelt. Die für den Palladiumweg benötigten N,N-Diarylamine konnten über die BUCHWALD-HARTWIG-Aminierung, die Eisensalzkomplexe über eine katalytische Komplexierung ausgehend von Cyclohexadienen mit Pentacarbonyleisen hergestellt werden. Beide Methoden wurden gegenübergestellt und besonders hinsichtlich ihrer Ausbeuten und Syntheseeffizienz verglichen.
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Books on the topic "Carbazoli"

1

Ryszard, Chrząszcz, ed. Barwniki karbazolowe. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska, 1986.

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Sumpter, W. C., and F. M. Miller. Heterocyclic Compounds with Indole and Carbazole Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Sumpter, W. C., and F. M. Miller. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Indole and Carbazole Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbazoli"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Carbazole." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 115. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1913.

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Bhattacharyya, P., and D. P. Chakraborty. "Carbazole Alkaloids." In Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 159–209. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8906-1_4.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Bucherer carbazole synthesis." In Name Reactions, 54–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_44.

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Chakraborty, D. P., and Shyamali Roy. "Carbazole Alkaloids III." In Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 71–152. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9119-4_2.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Bucherer carbazole synthesis." In Name Reactions, 83–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_41.

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Chakraborty, D. P., and Shyamali Roy. "Carbazole Alkaloids IV." In Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 125–230. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6051-0_3.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Bucherer carbazole synthesis." In Name Reactions, 51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_42.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Bucherer carbazole synthesis." In Name Reactions, 72–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_36.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase 1.14.12.22." In Class 1 Oxidoreductases, 572–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36265-1_76.

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Nojiri, Hideaki, and Toshio Omori. "Carbazole Metabolism by Pseudomonads." In Pseudomonas, 107–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6097-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbazoli"

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Darracq, Bruno, Didier Riehl, michael Canva, Yves Lévy, Alain Brun, Frédéric Chaput, and Jean-Pierre Boilot. "Photorefractive Sol-Gel Films." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cwk4.

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We shall report about photorefractive hybrid xerogel film that were, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, synthesised by the sol-gel process. The silica backbone possesses covalently anchored non-linear optical chromophores (disperse red one) and charge transporting groups (carbazole units). The starling solutions were obtained from copolymerization of carbazole- and DRl-attached silane monomers with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). A small amount of 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone was also added to increase the photosensitivity in the visible. Thin films of thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 5 micrometers were deposited on ITO-recovered glass substrates using the spin-coating technique.
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Wada, Tatsuo, Yadong Zhang, Hiromi Kimura-Suda, Tetsuya Aoyama, Su-An Choi, and Hiroyuki Sasabe. "Multifunctional Photoresponses in Carbazole Main-Chain Polymers." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.thc.2.

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Electronic and optical properties of organic charge-transfer (CT) compounds have attracted a lot of attention from both fundamental science and practical applications. Remarkable progress have been made in development of electroactive CT materials such as organic metals, conducting polymers, and organic photoconductors (OPCs). Among them, OPCs are widely used for electrophotographic applications. Besides photoconductive properties, it has been elucidated experimentally and theoretically that organic inter- and intracharge transfer compounds exhibit large nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. We have investigated the third-order NLO properties of polymeric CT materials based on poly-n-vinylcarbazole (PVK) complexed with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) in terms of the complex composition.1 The values of χ(3) (-3ω; ω,ω,ω) increased linearly with the content of CT complex in the film. Recently large refractive index changes have been demonstrated in organic photorefractive polymers based on PVK/TNF systems.2 Carbazole compounds play a significant part in electroactive and NLO applications. In order to utilize the unique properties of polymer backbone, acceptor-substituted carbazole moiety was incorporated into the main chain through either 3,6- or 3,9-linkage. In this paper we discuss the multifunctional photoresponses in various carbazole main-chain polymers with shoulder-to-shoulder, head-to-tail, and hyper-branched arrangements as shown in Figure 1.
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Sun, Run G., Yunzhang Wang, Xiaoming Zou, Mats Fahlam, Qianbing Zheng, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Toshio Masuda, and Arthur J. Epstein. "Electroluminescence of carbazole-substituted polyacetylenes." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.332631.

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Bermudez, Veronica, Francois Kajzar, S. Niziol, J. Niziol, Jan Pielichowski, Jerzy Sanetra, and D. Bogdal. "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of polyvinyl carbazole and polyvinyl-carbazole-substituted thin films." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.408503.

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Andreev, Vladimir A., Anatoly L. Ivanov, Sergey M. Kazakov, Alexander V. Kukhta, Dennis V. Murtazaliev, and Gennadii M. Sorokin. "Electron impact excitation of carbazole vapor." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Victor F. Tarasenko. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.562980.

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Aoyama, Tetsuya, Takafumi Sassa, Nicolai Mooren, Yoshihiro Imase, Atsushi Gunji, Takeyuki Sone, Masayoshi Tabata, Takashi Okubo, Tadaoki Mitani, and Tatsuo Wada. "Photorefractive properties of conjugated carbazole polymers." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Klaus Meerholz. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.510805.

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Wada, Tatsuo, and Hiroyuki Sasabe. "Multifunctional Carbazole Polymers for Nonlinear Optics." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.thc.5.

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Electric and optical properties of organic charge-transfer (CT) compounds have been attracted a lot of attention from both fundamental science and practical applications. Remarkable progress have been made in development of electroactive CT materials such as organic metals, conducting polymers, and organic photoconductor. Recently organic intracharge transfer compounds have been experimentally and theoretically elucidated to exhibit anomalously large nonlinear optical responses.1 Nonlinear optical properties of several CT complex systems have been studied and recently photorefractive effects have been observed in CT complex crystal and poled photo- conductive polymers. These poled polymers consist of three components: the nonlinear optically active chromophore (NLO-phore) to provide the electro-optic response, a hole transporting molecule and a photosensitizer which exhibit photoconductive properties.2
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Bivol, Valeriu V., Stephan V. Robu, Galina Dragalina, L. Bostan, A. M. Prisacari, and A. Coban. "New photoresists from carbazol-containing photopolymers." In 2000 International Conference on Application of Photonic Technology (ICAPT 2000), edited by Roger A. Lessard and George A. Lampropoulos. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.406305.

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Lin, Jiann T., K. R. J. Thomas, Yu-Tai Tao, and Chung-Wen Ko. "Light-emitting carbazole derivatives for electroluminescent materials." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.457490.

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Sahraoui, B., R. Czaplicki, and F. Kajzar. "Functionalized Carbazole Azo Dyes for Nonlinear Optical Application." In Proceedings of LFNM 2006. 8th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lfnm.2006.251965.

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Reports on the topic "Carbazoli"

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Steele, W. V., and R. D. Chirico. Thermodynamics of the hydrodenitrogenation of carbazole. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5089483.

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Barrett, Christopher J., Biswajit Choudhury, Almeria L. Natansohn, and Paul L. Rochon. Azo-Carbazole Polymethacrylates as Single-Component Electro-Optic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada348946.

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Steele, W. V., R. D. Chirico, S. E. Knipmeyer, and A. Nguyen. The thermodynamic properties of 2-aminobiphenyl (an intermediate in the carbazole/hydrogen reaction network). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6307021.

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