Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caratterizzazione biologica di tumori'
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Fontana, Sonia Giuseppa. "Caratterizzazione biologica, fisiologica e qualitativa di cloni siciliani di Dactylis glomerata L." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/151.
Full textDuring the PhD program in Science of Animal Production', as part of the study and research, it has been studied a collection of genotypes of Dactylis glomerata L. found in different environments of Sicily for altitude and latitude in order to characterize the morphological, biological, agronomic and genetic traits for possible selection and crossing. The first part of the thesis focuses on the climatic characteristics of the Mediterranean region in genera, and those of Sicily in particular, as well as the typical vegetation of these environments. It contains an extensive review of the problems linked to the Sicilian grassland, rather poor in its elements: the cultivated species and methods of use of fodder. It is analyzed the value of biodiversity and the issue of genetic resources available in the Mediterranean basin, with particular reference to forage species. Analysis is based on the available literature, issues related to the mechanisms of survival of the species in arid environments. In particular, the mechanism of summer-dormancy that allows species such as Dactylis glomerata L. and other perennial grasses of temperate environments, to escape the water drought (stress avoidance) of the summer and therefore survive. It is described the above mentioned species and agronomic aspects related to its cultivation. Finally, it mentions the problem of genetic improvement with particular reference to techniques used for Dactylis. In the second part of this dissertation are reported three lines in which was split the research: biological and agronomical characterization of 9 genotypes of Dactlis glomerata L., collected in different environment of Sicily, which were characterized by different summer-drought intensity (drought period of Bagnouls and Gaussen); detection and description of summer dormancy traits of the above mentioned genotypes; germplasm molecular characterization based on DNA polymorphism in order to assess genetic variability of intraspecific relationships. Data collected indicate that Sicilian populations of Dactylis are characterized by wide genetic variability, shown by the variability in morphological, such as plant height, biological (time of earing) and agronomic traits (production capacity). The summer dormancy presents a great emphasis for the genotypes coming from those environments characterized by a rainfall exceeding 600 mm yr-1 and a dry period lower than 110 days. The obtained results pave the way for further and more detailed researches necessary to implement the knowledge gap: the ability of the root system to delve into the soil, the persistence in relation to the degree of dormancy, the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates during the summer to help vegetative re-growth in autumn.
PELLIZZONI, MARCO. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE FITOCHIMICA ED ATTIVITA' BIOLOGICA DI PIANTE DEL GENERE ALOE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1304.
Full textThe relationship between Aloe main active components and plant age, specie and grow conditions has been investigated in Aloe barbadensis and A. arborescens, the commercially most used species of the genus. Aloin was mainly located in leaves outer green rid while beta-polysaccharides in inner parenchyma. Aloin concentration was higher in younger plants. Plants grown under decrising light intensities showed lower aloin and beta-polysaccharides concentrations. The content of these substances is improved by stress condition. The most antioxidant activity is located in the outer green rid of the leaves and it was slightly correlated to the total phenolic compounds content. Aloin and beta-polysaccharides stability in leaf homogenate was poor and temperature seemed to be quite more effective in reducing degradation. Antimicrobial effect against to phatogen microorganisms of anthraquinones aloin and alo-emodin and different Aloe extracts was confirmed. Prebiotic effects to Lactobacillus were discovered and a synergistic effect of several compounds was supposed. Systemic effect of aloin was explained by vivo experiments (on cows) because aloin is observed until 24 h after the oral administration of Aloe, thus metabolic and physiologic effects may be expected.
PELLIZZONI, MARCO. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE FITOCHIMICA ED ATTIVITA' BIOLOGICA DI PIANTE DEL GENERE ALOE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1304.
Full textThe relationship between Aloe main active components and plant age, specie and grow conditions has been investigated in Aloe barbadensis and A. arborescens, the commercially most used species of the genus. Aloin was mainly located in leaves outer green rid while beta-polysaccharides in inner parenchyma. Aloin concentration was higher in younger plants. Plants grown under decrising light intensities showed lower aloin and beta-polysaccharides concentrations. The content of these substances is improved by stress condition. The most antioxidant activity is located in the outer green rid of the leaves and it was slightly correlated to the total phenolic compounds content. Aloin and beta-polysaccharides stability in leaf homogenate was poor and temperature seemed to be quite more effective in reducing degradation. Antimicrobial effect against to phatogen microorganisms of anthraquinones aloin and alo-emodin and different Aloe extracts was confirmed. Prebiotic effects to Lactobacillus were discovered and a synergistic effect of several compounds was supposed. Systemic effect of aloin was explained by vivo experiments (on cows) because aloin is observed until 24 h after the oral administration of Aloe, thus metabolic and physiologic effects may be expected.
Inturri, Rosanna. "Caratterizzazione microbiologica di ceppi di Bifidobacterium spp. e analisi chimica e biologica di un esopolisaccaride prodotto." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3921.
Full textLORENZO, C. M. DI. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE FITOCHIMICA E VALUTAZIONE DELL'ATTIVITA' BIOLOGICA DI INGREDIENTI BOTANICI CONTENUTI IN INTEGRATORI ALIMENTARI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215118.
Full textGalliera, E. R. "Caratterizzazione di nuovi meccanismi di inibizione dell'attività biologica delle chemochine infiammatorie : antagonisti recettoriali e recettori decoy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/54135.
Full textDi, Paolo Veronica. "Caratterizzazione in vitro della biotrasformazione di nuovi potenziali farmaci per la terapia dei tumori." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421853.
Full textDrug metabolism studies play an important role in drug discovery and development [Foti and Dalvie, Drug Metab Dispos, 44: 1229, 2016]. A first aim of this work was to evaluate the reactivity of some nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivatives, namely the experimental antitumor agent 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol (NBDHEX) and its analogues MC3181 and MC2753, towards the tripeptide glutathione (GSH). The obtained results showed that, differently from NBDHEX and MC3181, the benzoic acid ester of NBDHEX (MC2753), was stable in the presence of a physiological concentration of GSH [Fulci et al., J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 32: 240, 2017]. Subsequent experiments, aimed at assessing the stability of MC2753 to esterases, demonstrated its high susceptibility to hydrolysis catalyzed by a human liver microsomal carboxylesterase(s). Substitution of the ester group of MC2753 with an amide group gave compound MC4351, which was stable in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLMs), and quite less reactive than NBDHEX and MC3181 towards GSH. In the perspective of a possible repositioning of the antiprotozoal drug pyrimethamine (PYR) in the oncological field [Fang, Cancers (Basel), 6:494, 2014], a study was undertaken to improve the knowledge on its metabolic fate. In vitro studies were therefore conducted to investigate the possible oxidation and/or glucuronidation of PYR by HLMs or rat liver microsomes (RLMs). PYR was found to be stable in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronic acid (UDPGA)-supplemented HLMs or RLMs. On the other hand, PYR underwent NADPH-dependent metabolism by phenobarbital-induced RLMs, as well as by HLMs from a subject receiving phenobarbital; liquid chromatograpy coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS) analysis indicated formation of at least three monoxygenated metabolites. In vitro microsomal stability experiments were also conducted on a small panel of derivatives of the experimental tubulin polymerization inhibitor 7-phenylpyrroloquinolinone (7-PPyQ). Among the studied compounds, the N-benzoyl derivatives of 7-PPyQ named MG2718 and MG2854 are of considerable interest, due to their stability in HLMs both in the absence (hydrolytic metabolism) and in the presence of NADPH (oxidative metabolism). Both compounds are currently being screened for antineoplastic activity. Further trials analyzed the liver cytosolic stability of a small panel of aromatic aldehydes including o-vanillin, an inhibitor of NFkB with significant antitumor activity [Marton et al., Anticancer Res, 36: 5743, 2016], and some of its structural analogues. The same compounds are currently being screened for antitumor activity at the Biological Research Center (BRC) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Szeged), and at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF) of Padua University. The aim of the project is to identify o-vanillin analogues endowed with a better pharmacological profile, in terms of both anticancer efficacy and metabolic stability. The results obtained indicate a significant involvement of a murine aldehyde oxidase(s) (AOX) in the metabolism of all the studied aldehydes, and the existence of remarkable differences between human and mouse in the rate of liver cytosolic metabolism of these compounds. Finally, a collaborative project has been recently established with the Aptuit Research Center in Verona and the Molecular Modeling Section of the DSF of Padua University, to identify form-selective inhibitors of the main human sulfotransferases (SULTs) involved in drug metabolism. The studies have led to the identification of two potent inhibitors of two major hepatic SULTs, namely SULT1A1 and SULT1B1.
Delbue, S. "Ritrovamento, caratterizzazione molecolare ed analisi di espressione del virus JC nei tumori cerebrali umani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/211814.
Full textBoran, Chiara. "Produzione,caratterizzazione e studio dell'attività biologica di TAT-OP1 fattore osteogenetico per l'ingegneria tissutale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425996.
Full textGallina, Giovanna. "Caratterizzazione morfologica e molecolare di tumori stromali gastrointestinali (GIST) sincroni in popolazione adulta non sindromica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425133.
Full textScalera, Giovanni Battista. "Risonanza Magnetica Dinamica e TC multifasica nella caratterizzazione dei tumori renali di piccole dimensioni (<3cm)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1112.
Full textMARCHETTI, LUCIA. "Tecniche innovative per la caratterizzazione di prodotti naturali quali fonti di composti attivi e valutazione della loro attività biologica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278348.
Full textPlant extracts mainly consist in complex mixtures of chemically different bioactive compounds also known as secondary metabolites. In most cases, the bioactivity of natural products is not ascribable to a single compound, but rather to a multitude of them acting in a synergistic way. In this view, the complete definition of all the phytochemical constituents represents a key point to ensure the efficacy, reliability, and safety in the use of herbal medicines. Even today, the quality and authenticity assessment of herbal raw materials is frequently impaired by the lack of validated analytical methods and by the limited availability of certified references. Techniques for the analysis of herbal extracts and nutraceuticals need to be developed and upgraded continuously since different combinations of ingredients are employed in new formulations. In view of the above, the current PhD project was focused on the development and application of innovative analytical methods for the analysis of plant bioactive secondary metabolites. Particular attention was paid to plants of pharmaceutical (Cannabis sativa L., and Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.) and nutraceutical interest (Morus alba L., Aloysia polystachya Griseb. et Moldenke). Different in-vitro assays for the bioactivity evaluation of these plants’ extracts were also the object of this PhD Thesis. In Chapter 1, the NMR technique was applied for the determination of the main non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fiber-type Cannabis female inflorescences. The analytical method was developed and fully validated to show compliance with international requirements. This technique finds application in the monitoring of the plant material, to guarantee a better reproducibility for biological assays, and to ensure the efficacy and safety of Cannabis-derived products. As a continuation of this project, the potentialities and drawbacks of separation and non-separation methods for the analysis of cannabinoids were considered and compared. Finally, C. sativa non-psychoactive varieties were selected for the preparation of cannabinoids rich extracts to evaluate their antiproliferative activity, by using cellular models. In Chapter 2 the chemical composition of Italian mulberry was investigated, as a source of phytochemicals in the context of new therapeutic approaches for diabetes mellitus. The first aim was to assess the quality of the plant material in comparison to Far Eastern Asia cultivations, where mulberry has been considered as a medicine for the treatment of diabetes for decades. The antiglycative capacity and hypoglycaemic effect of leaf extracts were evaluated on different in vitro models, to understand the potentialities of mulberry for the therapy of hyperglycaemia. Finally, the development of novel strategies for delaying the release of mulberry active constituents and enhancing therapeutic results will be discussed and are intended as the conclusion of this research project. In Chapter 3 the chemical composition of S. campanulata was investigated by HPLC-ESI-MS2, to clarify which are the most active components responsible for the inhibition of H. pylori growth. The aim was also to disclose the mechanisms underlying the biological activity. In Chapter 4 the phenolic composition of A. polystachya was investigated by means of three different MS techniques coupled to HPLC. The analytical method was developed and validated for the identification of metabolites and some phenylpropanoids were detected in this plant for the first time.
Iapichino, Anastasia <1989>. "Caratterizzazione di cellule staminali cancerose dei tumori del colon-retto e loro risposta al trattamento con estratti di piante medicamentose." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8893/1/Tesi_IAPICHINO_%20XXXI%20CICLO.pdf.
Full textColorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancer, with a high mortality rate, caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Parallel to the stochastic model, according to which all tumor cells (CT) have the same probability of regenerating a tumor, there is a new model that look in a very small subset of cancer stem cells (CST) the responsible of tumor growth. In the literature, CSTs shows important deregulations on genes implicated in: chemo-resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), uncontrolled self-renewal, peculiar processes of this small subpopulation, which favor the onset of a tumor phenotype . The aim of my PhD project was to isolate and characterize CSTs both from tumor cell lines and from colorectal cancer biopsies, in order to identify tumor markers useful for delineating the phases of tumor progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets. In addition, I treated the CT and CST of a line of colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCA7) with the natural extract of T. cordifolia, a plant used in Ayurvedic medicine, and one of its active ingredients, berberine, in order to verify its antitumor efficacy. I observed important deregulations in treated cell populations, dependent on several genes involved mainly in EMT, in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, but also in promoting a chemo-resistant phenotype. The expression levels of these genes were found to be significantly under-expressed, both in the treated CTs and in the treated CSTs. The results I have obtained are in favor of a potential active role of the investigated natural substance, in countering many of those fundamental processes for the development of a tumor phenotype. Furthermore, my data also support the hypothesis that CSTs are potential therapeutic targets for the purpose of achieving a targeted effect on this cell tumor population.
GRANDINI, Alessandro. "Caratterizzazione chimica e biologica di oli essenziali dell’Amazzonia orientale e definizione di un loro profilo applicativo in un contesto salutistico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478802.
Full textThe research activities performed in this PhD thesis focuses to promotion of Amazonian rainforest biodiversity by studying aromatic plants of Ecuador. Aromatics plant are reach of essential oils, secondary metabolites consisting mainly in fragrant volatile molecules known to be usually biologically active. Just for their fragrance essential oils are often known by ethnomedicine of indigenous populations. This study starts from information of traditional medicine to investigate poorly known plants potentially interesting for human health (in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food environment). After careful literature research were choosen these plants Chenopodium ambrosioides, Dacryodes peruviana, Piper carpunya, Schinus molle, Tagetes minuta, Endlicheria klugii, Ocotea cernua, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum micranthum and Ocotea quixos. All of different families to consider greater biodiversity possible. Collaborating with the Universidad Politecnica Salesiana (Quito, Ecuador) and with Universidad Estatal Amazonica (Puyo, Ecuador), fresh crude drugs have been distilled to obtain essential oils (EOs) for a phytochemical and biological fingerprinting. The EOs have been chemically characterized through GC-MS and NMR for qualitative and quantitative determination of the compounds and tested for various biological activities. Was performed antioxidant activity with DPPH assay, where O. micranthum essential oil confirmed excellent results. Was performed antimicrobial assays for human or plant pathogens bacteria and fungi, and synergistic studies between essential oil and synthetic drugs where essential oils have been particular efficient against dermatophyte and P. carpunya and S. molle essential oils shown good synergism with fluconazole in Candida spp. Strains. Were conducted antinflamatory tests in which C. ambrosioides essential oil gave best results and mutagenic experiments to verify human safety that excluded potential mutagenic activities. Finally was made a cosmetics formulation with O. micranthum, the more active essential oil. The aims was precisely to find an application for best samples to increase in value the Amazonian biodiversity.
COLAGIERO, Mariantonietta. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE METAGENOMICA di MICRORGANISMI E ORGANISMI DEL TERRENO PER UN LORO UTILIZZO COME AGENTI di LOTTA BIOLOGICA CONTRO NEMATODI FITOPARASSITI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91030.
Full textThe rhizosphere microflora plays an important role in plants defense, development and growth. Many studies also showed that soil nematodes are capable of influencing its composition. Soil bacteria in turn produce a variety of compounds (antibiotics, nutrients, exoenzymes and other signal molecules), able to induce further changes. The objective of this work was to study the biodiversity changes of the bacterial microflora from an organic farm soil, following the experimental introduction of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and a treatment with a nematicide (fenamiphos). Following a metagenomic approach, total RNA was extracted from 2 g soil samples, sequencing the hypervariable V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA with an Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequences obtained were performed with Pandaseq and Qiime. A totale of 578 genera belonging to 359 families and 197 orders was found, defining 4878 OTUs from 91 classes and 29 phyla, otherwise represented in the samples analyzed. Not all sequences allowed identification at the same taxonomic level for all bacteria, due to the lack of informations on lower taxonomic levels in the reference database. Among the genera common to both treatments we observed: Candidatus Solibacter, Streptomyces, Rubrobacter, Nitrospira and Steroidobacter, with varying frequencies in each sample. The presence of M. incognita and the nematicidal treatment led to the introduction or de novo identification of bacteria belonging to further taxa, when compared to the control. The metagenomic analysis also showed a significant variation in the bacterial diversity in relation to treatments carried out on the same soil, confirming that biodiversity should not be considered as static and determined, but undergoes changes induced by environmental variables also acting on very small scales and volumes. From the analysis of the sequence data obtained and despite the common origin of the soil samples, the degree of biodiversity observed suggests a component linked to the initial, heterogeneous distribution of species. On this basis, the chemical treatment and the presence of M. incognita induced further biodiversity changes, reducing or increasing certain genera more than others. The analysis of biodiversity observed in both experiments also indicates that a significant portion, if not the majority, of the bacterial species is still poorly understood by the taxonomic point of view. This is shown by the presence of OTUs belonging to genera such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus for which it is not yet possible to assign a species. In parallel, the same conclusions can be derived from the presence of other taxa, for which it is not yet possible to define a certain classification. Bacillus species increased in samples with nematodes, possibly including potential biocontrol agents. The identification of novel antagonists involves not only economic but also environmental benefits, thanks to the reduction of chemicals impacts, ensuring safety for operators and consumers and increasing the sustainability of rhizosphere management.
ARBA, MORENA. "Caratterizzazione proteomica di fluidi e tessuti in diverse condizioni fisio-patologiche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266808.
Full textCARIA, PAOLA. "Isolamento e caratterizzazione biologico-molecolare di cellule tumorali simil-staminali da una linea cellulare derivata da un carcinoma papillare tiroideo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266064.
Full textVALDORA, FRANCESCA. "Identificazione di approcci matematici per la selezione di features radiomiche statisticamente significative per la caratterizzazione del tumore mammario e altri tumori solidi da immagini radiologiche cliniche di pazienti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1056276.
Full textBattan, Manuele. "Preparazione e caratterizzazione di micelle costituite da un pro-farmaco di Paclitaxel e caricate con un agente fotosensibile per il trattamento chemio- e foto-terapico dei tumori." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19227/.
Full textTurci, Sara. "Efficacia degli oli essenziali di Cannabis sativa L. e Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb. f. come bioinsetticidi nel controllo di Tribolium castaneum Herbst., e loro caratterizzazione chimica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11674/.
Full textFARAONI, PAOLA. "Attività proliferativa e apoptosi nel carcinoma sporadico del colon-retto." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/676957.
Full textLappano, Rosamaria, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, and Cindio Bruno de. "Caratterizzazione funzionale dell'attività agonista/antagonista di nuovi ligandi del recettore estrogenico GPER." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/789.
Full textALFONSI, ROMINA. "Studio e caratterizzazione di nuovi farmaci molecolari nel trattamento dei tumori dipendenti dalla via oncogenica di Hedgehog." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/924737.
Full textCASULA, Giovanni. "Progettazione, sintesi,caratterizzazione e attività biologica di nuovi derivati 4-(3H)-CHINAZOLINONICI e METIL-SOLFONICI." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/95192.
Full textRossi, Rachele, Sebastiano Andò, Munno Giovanni De, and Vincenzo Pezzi. "Parte I:Sintesi e caratterizzazione strutturale di composti tiosemicarbazonici e composti polinucleari. Parte II:Valutazione dell'attività molecolare esercitata da fitoestrogeni su cellule di tumore mammario." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/761.
Full textLUCONI, MICHAELA. "Il recettore di membrana per il progesterone: caratterizzazione e attività biologica di un nuovo tipo di recettore steroideo non genomico negli spermatozoi umani." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1007897.
Full textBACCHI, DONATA. "Analisi e caratterizzazione delle emissioni dagli impianti di smaltimento rifiuti e studio di tecnologie innovative di mitigazione degli impatti." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1053823.
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