Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caractérisations à chaud'
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Jolly, William. "Particules d'acier nitrurées : étude de la densification et caractérisations microstructurales des matériaux frittés à vocation tribologique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2261/document.
Full textThe aim of this Ph.D thesis was to develop a technology to shape nitrided low-alloyed steels powders to introduce the ε-Fe2-3N nitride in the volume of the mechanical component.To achieve this goal, two approaches were considered:- the sintering of coated nitrided steel powder or nitrided steel powder (containing a high content of ε nitride),- the simultaneous densification and nitriding of low-alloy steel powder during the sintering step.Nitriding 4140 steel powder during hot isostatic pressing (HIP) does not allow producing sufficient ε-phase content for industrial application.The stability study of nitrided 4140 steel powder during HIP shows that a huge proportion of nitrides (γ' and ε) is conserved at 650°C, regardless of the HIP cycle. The stability study, at 600°C, of nitrided steel powders placed in sealed evacuated glass tubes, shows a slight denitriding of these powders during the process.Thus, densification of these nitrided steel powders was made by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and HIP. To densify the nitrided steel particles, we have used a copper-phosphorous binder. From SPS experiments, we have deduced the most relevant experimental parameters to obtain a dense material containing ε-phase, and we have proposed recommendations on the composition of nitrided steel-binder mixture. The identified compositions were successfully sintered by HIP. Two of them allow obtaining dense materials with interesting tribological and mechanical properties for industrial application
Beaudet, Julien. "Caractérisations à très hautes températures de protections thermiques sous impact normal d'un jet chaud supersonique : influence du couplage aérothermique et des propriétés matériaux sur la tenue à l'ablation." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESMA0016.
Full textThis study is focused on the characterizations of the ablative properties of different thermal protections for very high temperatures applications. Using a specific characterization method, the physical mechanisms involved during the ablation process have been identified. Two different test benches with a normal gas flow have been used in this investigation. The first one is laboratory test bench based on an oxyacetylene torch (conditions termed "thermal ablation" with a 3000°C gas temperature). The second one is a large scale facility producing a hot supersonic gas flow (Mach number = 3) and a temperature about 2000°C, leading to an "aerothermal ablation". Various composite materials have been tested by mixing different matrices, different architectures and different kind of fibers. Under thermal ablation condition (oxyacetylene torch), mass loss and surface recession are due to the thermo-oxidation reactions occurring both in the matrix and in the fibers. Once the pyrolysis reaction completed, a volatilization of the composite during the exposure is observed. In contrast, under aerothermal ablation conditions, surface recession is observed prior to the completion of the oxidation/pyrolysis reactions. Under such conditions, the degradation of local mechanical properties associated with the strong mechanical impact of the supersonic jet on the material leads to ablation. In parallel, a numerical model of ablation has been developed. One of the main requirements was to develop an engineering tool to design various types of thermal protection systems (e. G. Organic composite, ceramic composites…) and hence various ablation processes. This model is based on the oxidation/pyrolysis reactions kinetics. It has been identified for one composite material whose thermal parameters (i. E. Thermal conductivity, specific heat, density) have been fully characterized as a function of temperature and degradation state. First numerical simulations were compared to the experimental results on the oxyacetylene torch test to validate the model for a future extension of ablation modelling under aerothermal conditions
Gasseling, Tony. "Caractérisation non linéaire avancée de transistors de puissance pour la validation de leur modèle CAO." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0041.
Full textAdvanced functional characterizations of power transistors for the validation of nonlinear models of SC devices used in CAD packages. This work deals with different functional characterization methods for the design of optimized power amplifiers. These characterizations are carried out on transistors at the first stages of the design, in a source and load-pull environment. Thus, it is shown that a pulsed load-pull set up is very useful to validate the technologies used for the generation of high power at RF and microwave frequencies. It also enables to deeply validate the thermoelectric nonlinear models of transistors developed for this purpose. For the design of amplifiers which operate up to millimetric frequencies (Ku / K Band), reaching high power under constraint of efficiency and linearity is one of the most critical point because of the weak reserves of power gain proposed. In this context, the development of an active source and load-pull setup is of prime importance. It enables to primarily determine the transistor optimum operating conditions (Matching and DC bias) to reach the best trade off between efficiency and linearity. Finally, a new method to perform Hot Small-Signal S-Parameter measurements of power transistors operating under large signal conditions is proposed. An application to the prediction of parametric oscillations when the transistor is driven by a pump signal is demonstrated
Rachpech, Vishnu. "Synthèse et caractérisations structurale, physicochimique et de résistance à l'oxydation à chaud de revêtements de nitrures de chrome enrichis en silicium obtenus par un procédé hybride arc-magnétron en condition réactive." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL052N/document.
Full textIIn this study, Cr-Si-N coatings are synthesized by an arc-magnetron hybrid process. In spite of a lower hardness of Cr-Si-N coatings in comparison with Ti-Si-N ones synthesised in a preliminary study performed to validate the deposition device, Cr-Si-N coatings present a higher resistance to high temperature oxidation. The Cr2N-based coatings are softer than those based on CrN. Si addition yields an increase of the lattice constant attributed to the substitution of N by Si. In CrN-based coatings, the maximum hardness of about 50-60 GPa is obtained for 6-8 at. % Si. For Cr2N-based coatings, the hardness decreases linearly with the Si content. Si addition improves both hardness stability and oxidation resistance at high temperature for both coatings. Grains growth, CrN destabilisation into Cr2N and interdiffusion of Fe and Si are the main parameters which govern the loss of hardness after annealing at high temperature of the coatings
Grenson, Pierre. "Caractérisation expérimentale et simulations numériques d’un jet chaud impactant." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0036/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the experimental characterisation and the numerical simulations ofa round impinging jet configuration seldom dealt with in the literature : a heated jet issues from apipe fully developed pipe at a high Reynolds number (ReD = 60 000) and normally impinges a platelocated three diameters downstream. The first part of this work is directed towards the generationof an experimental database by means of several measurement techniques in order to characteriseboth the dynamical and thermal flow features. The complementary techniques of laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) and particle image velocimetry (S-PIV) allowed for the velocity and Reynolds tensorfield characterisation. The mean and fluctuating temperature fields were measured through cold-wirethermometry. Finally, the plate heat transfer distribution was obtained through the inverse methodof « rear face thermography » (ThEFA). The gathered data not only provided a comprehensive databasenecessary to validate numerical simulations but also permitted to highlight the large-scale floworganisation, with the presence of large vortices shedding at the free jet preferred mode and closelyapproaching the plate in the vicinity of the secondary peak observed in the heat transfer distribution.The second part of this thesis focuses on the numerical simulations aiming at reproducing the experimentalconfiguration. Two approaches were evaluated : the RANS approach in order to quantifythe relevance of industrial turbulence models and the Large-Eddy Simulation, more expensive, butproviding the 3D unsteady flow features. The RANS simulations showed that the models recognisedas the most efficient for this kind of configuration are unable to correctly predict the heat transferlevels. They are, on the other hand, well reproduced by the LES. The generated data allowed for betterunderstanding of the mechanisms leading to the secondary peak. This analysis highlighted theprominent role of the "hot spots", where only some of them can be related to « separated » regions,while the majority are associated with streamwise elongated structures
Khademian, Hossein. "Caractérisation d'un point chaud de recombinaison méiotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800551.
Full textKhademian, Hossein. "Caractérisation d’un point chaud de recombinaison méiotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112051/document.
Full textMeiotic recombination initiated in prophase I of meiosis generates either crossovers (COs), which are reciprocal exchanges between chromosome segments, or gene conversion not associated to crossovers (NCOs). Both kinds of events occur in narrow regions (less than 10 kilobases) called hotspots, which are distributed non-homogenously along chromosomes. The aim of my PhD was the characterization of a hotspot of meiotic recombination (named 14a) in Arabidopsis thaliana (i) across different accessions (ii) in msh4 mutant, a gene involved in CO formation. In both ColxLer and ColxWs hybrids (i) 14a had a very high rate of COs 0.85% and 0.49%, respectively (ii) COs clustered in two small regions of a few kilobases, 14a1 and 14a2 with typical Gaussian curve distribution observed in other organisms (iii) 14a1 was also a hotspot of NCO with high rate (0.5%) in ColxLer (iv) a bias of recombination initiation at 14a1 CO and NCO hotspot was found in ColxLer. A reduction of CO frequency was observed in msh4 mutant in ColxLer background at 14a1 (6.4%) and 14a2 (18.7%) compared to wild type. This confirmed previously known role of MSH4 protein in CO formation. Frequency of NCO at 14a1 was similar to wild type. The role of putative Arabidopsis histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase in meiotic recombination as previously observed like Set1 in S.cerevisiae or PRDM9 in mammals (mice and human) was also studied. None of ten putative histone methyltransferase genes was involved in meiosis. This could be due to (i) a strong redundancy of function between gene products (ii) another histone methyltransferase in charge of labeling meiotic recombination hotspots (more than 29 putative histone methyltransferase have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome!) (iii) contrary to S. cerevisiae, mice and humans, another mechanism for epigenetic control of meiotic recombination
Désert, Jean-Michel. "Contributions à l'étude des atmosphères des planètes extrasolaires en transit." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066405.
Full textBillard, Sébastien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux nanocristallins obtenus par compaction isostatique à chaud." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132026.
Full textBlanchard, Nicolas. "Convection dans une bande transporteuse d'air chaud : caractérisation et impacts sur la dynamique d'altitude." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30229.
Full textWarm air conveyor belts (WCB) are ascending air streams in mid-latitude storms. They transport warm and moist air from the tropics to the high latitudes and are the site of most cloud diabatic processes. These processes modify the upper-level dynamics by injecting negative potential vortex (PV) anomalies into the WCB outflow, which reinforce the waveguide governing the general circulation. Their representation is a source of forecast errors downstream, especially over Europe. While WCBs are predominantly considered as slow continuous slantwise ascents, recent studies have revealed the existence of fast convective ascents in WCBs whose impact on upper-level dynamics is still debated. The reduction of forecast uncertainties motivated the NAWDEX field campaign over the North Atlantic in autumn 2016. During the campaign, the ascent region and the outflow of the WCB of the Stalactite cyclone were observed by an airborne Doppler radar and dropsondes. These observations are reproduced by a convection-permitting simulation carried out with the Meso-NH model, thanks to which a novel analysis combining Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches made it possible to characterize the complexity of the ascents in the WCB. The WCB ascent region is first studied. Three types of convective ascents are found and occur in a coherent and organized manner rather than as isolated cells. Two are caused by shallow convection related to the dynamics of the cold front and that of a low level jet. The third is due to mid-level convection, located on the western edge of the WCB between the low-level jet and the upper jet stream. It is the latter that feeds the anticyclonic branch of the WCB. The outflow of the WCB and its mid-level convection feed are then studied. An additional simulation is carried out for which the heat exchanges resulting from the cloud processes are cut off in order to highlight their impact on the upper-level dynamics. The reference simulation shows that the mid-level convection diabatically creates horizontal PV dipoles whose pole oriented towards the jet stream reaches negative values. These PV dipoles are then advected by the large-scale dynamics and persist over time. Thus, elongated bands of negative PV are found in the WCB outflow ten hours later. Comparing the two simulations shows that these negative PV bands reinforce the horizontal PV gradient at the tropopause, locally accelerating the jet stream. The results of the thesis show the complexity of convection that can be found in a WCB. They suggest that mid-level convection impacts the altitude dynamics and that its misrepresentation in large-scale models could explain in part the forecast errors downstream
Janin, Myriam. "Le plateau Amsterdam-St. Paul : caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est Indienne." Brest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Full textThe Amsterdam-St Paul plateau (ASP) is an oceanic plateau built from the interaction between ASP hotspot and the Southeast Indian ridge. P volcanic chain, called the chain of the dead Poets (CDP), lies to its northward and related to the hotspot intraplate activity. Their study reveals that ASP plume composition comes from oceanic crust and pelagic sediments recycled in the mantle through a 1,5Ga subduction process, ASP plume activity is pulsatile and occurs preferentially on weakness zones. The CDP construction results thus from (1) the plume pulses and (2) the diffuse divergent boundary between the Capricorn and Australian plates. K-Ar datings reveal that this volcanic chain is made of two generations of seamounts: (1) an old one, of about 9Ma and made of large edifices which had probably a sub-aerial period and (2) a young one, younger than 2Ma, and made of small edifices related to some pounded plume pulse material. In addition, ASP plume has an own motion of about 1-2 cm/yr to the south-west. The ASP plateau lavas compositions (major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes) show en important variability and reveal that the underlying mantle is heterogeneous. It is made of a depleted mantle with lower continental crust strips in the form of garnet-plagioclase granulites, probably delaminated during the Gondwana breakup. The lower continental crust s one of the hypotheses for DUPAL anomaly origin and our data support this assumption
Cerri, Olivier. "Rupture à chaud dans les aciers au cours de leur solidification : caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation thermomécanique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00239189.
Full textGilliot-Ottavy, Anne. "Caractérisation par anémométrie à fils chauds d'écoulements turbulents de Poiseuille et de Couette-poiseuille en vue de la validation de modèles de turbulence." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10190.
Full textLes résultats obtenus sont d'autant plus importants qu'ils ne sont pas mis en évidence par les dns qui n'existent qu'a faible nombre de reynolds (re< 16 000). De nouveaux résultats ont été obtenus : - les mesures des corrélations d'ordre 3 et 4 ont permis de déterminer l'influence du rapport u#q/v#b sur les coefficients de dissymètrie et d'aplatissement. - l'influence de la taille des sondes sur les mesures, a également été étudiée dans ce mémoire. Les sondes a fils croisés uv et uw utilisées ont permis d'obtenir de réels progrès dans les zones pariétales pour les corrélations normales v' et w' et pour la corrélation croisée u'w'. - trois termes de l'équation du bilan de u' (production, diffusion par les fluctuations de vitesses et dissipation) ont été mesurés et ont validé les dns pour y+> 17. Du point de vue de la connaissance et de la modélisation des écoulements turbulents, l'ensemble des résultats acquis va permettre de complèter une base de données expérimentales sur les écoulements de poiseuille pur et de couette-poiseuille qui devrait aider a batir des modèles plus réalistes
Adam, Aurèle. "Bolomètres à électrons chauds supraconducteurs pour la détection des ondes submillimétriques : modélisations et caractérisations." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066347.
Full textKontogiannopoulos, Nikolaos. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie X de plasmas chauds et denses créés par lasers de puissance." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003578.
Full textMartinez, Thomas. "Etude de l'endommagement lors du démasselotage à chaud de bielles en fonte GS ADI moulées forgées." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS002/document.
Full textThis work was initiated by the technological problematic of hot trimming of nodular cast iron connecting rods. These connecting rods are obtained by an innovative hybrid process that combines forging and metal mold casting. This process requires the trimming to be conducted at high temperatures in the is the austenitic phase of the cast iron. Hot trimming of cast iron brings up major defects on the cut surfaces which are detrimental to the continuing process. To address this problem, a study is conducted on the characterization of the mechanical behavior of nodular cast iron in the process temperature conditions. A particular attention is paid to the influence of the nodular microstructure on the failure mechanisms. To develop simulation tools for nodular cast iron hot trimming, the parameters of Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model are identified by inverse method for our material. Finally, a design of experiment is deployed using an instrumented demonstrator to obtain the optimum parameters configuration for a maximized cut surface quality. This latest study highlights the presence of a transition from ductile to brittle mode of failure leading to the hot trimming defects
Zouaghi, Ala. "Étude de la compaction isostatique à chaud de l'acier inox 316L : Modélisation numérique à l'échelle mésoscopique et caractérisation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00823612.
Full textUlysse, Christian. "Bolomètres à électrons chauds à supraconducteurs haute température critique pour les ondes submillimétriques : élaboration et caractérisations." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066327.
Full textLoeillet, Benoit. "Planètes extrasolaires à courte période orbitale: De la détection à la caractérisation des Jupiter-chauds." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353240.
Full textLoeillet, Benoît. "Planètes extrasolaires à courte période orbitale : de la détection à la caractérisation des Jupiter-chauds." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11054.pdf.
Full textMore than 300 extrasolar planets have been discovered. The variety and diversity of their characteristics are extremely wide. A significant part of them constitute the Hot-Jupiter population, which is strongly different from the planets we found in our Solar System. These planets have a mass from one to few Jupiter masses, and are at very short distance from their parent star (less than 0. 1 AU). The study of this population bring us robust constrains on the formation and evolution models, especially if these planets transit in front of their star. The works I’ve done during my PhD yield to detect and characterise 14 transiting extrasolar planets, thanks to the SuperWASP program and the CoRoT mission combined to the recent SOPHIE spectrograph (OHP). One of them has the shortest orbital period ever detected and another one is the largest massive object ever detected by transit. I’ve also run a new approach in order to detect Hot-Jupiter with a multi-fiber instrument, strongly decreasing the on-telescope time. We show that the FLAMES/GIRAFFE instrument (ESO) could reach a RV precision of 30 ms1. We also demonstrate that a such program is very efficient in order to select the most promising candidates. We then used this approach to do the follow-up of the transiting candidates of the LRc01 and Src01 CoRoT fields. We concluded that an instrument with a large field of view is necessary to be surely efficient. Additionally, I’ve detected and studied the spectroscopic transit of three different planets. This brought to the scientific community strong constrains on those planetary systems, and unveil the presence of a uncommon system : X0-3
Belaïd, Mohamed Ali. "Contribution à l’analyse des dégradations d’origine thermique et des interactions électrothermiques dans les dispositifs LDMOS RF de puissance." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES053.
Full textThe semiconductor characteristics are sensitive to temperature variations, in particular for ultra high frequency power devices. The temperature can limit the lifetime of semiconductors and plays an essential part in the degradation mechanisms. The thermal phenomenon remains however the principal cause of degradation in most cases. Consequently, the thermal aspects are becoming important for RF power devices in many applications, which can lead to the device failure. This work presents a bench dedicated to the thermal ageing. A power FR LDMOS transistor has been chosen for our first tests in accelerated ageing under various conditions. An electric characterization (IC-CAP software) has been made, and a thermoelectric model (under ADS) has been implemented, taking into account the temperature evolution in the device, which is used as the reliability tool (parameters extraction)
Fougairolle, Pierre. "Caractérisation expérimentale thermo-aéraulique d'un jet transverse impactant ou non, en turbulence de conduite." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491868.
Full textFougairolle, Pierre. "Caractérisation expérimentale thermo-aéraulique d'un jet transverse impactant ou non, en turbulence de conduite." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10112.
Full textThis work consists in the experimental study of a jet in crossflow in a c10sed wind tunnel. Depending on the value of the velocity ratio (r = Uj/U), this confmed rectangular jet can interact or impact with the opposite wall from the one it issues. The jet is slightly heated (about 10°C) in order to stay in the passive scalar case. An improvement of the experimental facility has been done to obtain thermal boundary conditions compatible with the measurements of slight differences of temperature, imposed by the passive scalar. Conceming the metrology, hot and cold wire anemometry and thermometry are used, and all the anemometric devices are deve10pped and built in the labo Probes made with Wollaston wire (Pt-Rh) of O,351Lm diameter are coupled with an anemometer and a thermometer optimized to maximize the signal to noise ratio. The results are obtained both thanks to visualisations by fast camera shots for several velocity ratios (r between 3 and 12), and thanks to local hot and cold wire measurements, in the particular case oftwo velocity ratios (r = 3. 3 and 9. 4). Mixing properties of the scalar are studied by the plot of statistical values of velocity and temperature in different plans, perpendicurlarly to the three axis. The analysis of spectral densities of the signaIs on several typicallocations emphasizes sorne features of the dynamic behaviour of the jet
Piot, Bernard. "Caractérisations électriques d'oxydes nitrurés dans un plasma d'ammoniac." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10133.
Full textJanin, Myriam. "Le plateau d'Amsterdam-St Paul : Caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est indienne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Full textDervieux, Vincent Nicolas Marie. "Caractérisation des plasmas chauds et denses produits par intéraction laser à ultra-haute intensité d'une cible solide." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0041.
Full textRevaux, Thierry. "Essais de caractérisation mécanique d'alliages métalliques après refusion et solidification in situ." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6951ee34-db16-4128-a234-31197a341776.
Full textBerson, Arganthael. "Vers la miniaturisation des réfrigérateurs thermoacoustiques : Caractérisation du transport non-linéaire de chaleur et des écoulements secondaires." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/aberson.pdf.
Full textThermoacoustic refrigeration relies on the energy conversion from a high amplitude acoustic wave into a heat flux along a solid plate. A typical thermoacoustic refrigerator consists of a standing-wave acoustic resonator, driven by a loudspeaker, and a stack of solid plates along which heat is pumped. To exploit this flux, heat exchangers are located on both sides of the stack. The performances of conventional heat exchangers do not meet the specific requirements of thermoacoustic refrigerators, which limits the efficiency of the whole system. The design of efficient heat exchangers for thermoacoustic systems requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of heat transport from the stack to the heat exchangers, especially at high acoustic amplitudes, when linear theory is no longer valid. A 1D analytical model based on a relaxation time approximation describes the nonlinear heat transport from the stack to one of the heat exchangers. Gusev et al. (J. Sound Vib. 235, 2000) initiated the development of this model. We propose an extension of the initial model to a heat exchanger with finite length, which accounts for a temperature difference between the stack and the heat exchanger. The influence of the geometric and thermal parameters of the model on the generation of thermal harmonics close to the edges of the plates is studied. The parameters are optimized in order to achieve the highest heat flux available at the heat exchanger. Losses due to backward heat conduction are taken into account. Experimental studies are performed inside a model of small-size standing-wave thermoacoustic cooler. High acoustic levels are achieved within the system (up to DR = 5%). Cold-wire anemometry in the constant-current mode (CCA) is used to measure the temperature fluctuations behind the stack. Cold wires are dynamically calibrated inside the resonator. Results partly validate the analytical model that is described previously. The use of hot-wire anemometry in the constant-voltage mode (CVA) to measure velocity fluctuations in a standing wave is considered. We emphasize the importance of inertial phenomena usually ignored by stationnary calibrations, and model their effect on the output signal of the hot-wire anemometer. Finally, we perform Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow field behind a ther-moacoustic stack, and within the gap separating the stack and a heat-exchanger. The shear layers flowing out of the stack oscillate at high acoustic level. Vortex shedding resulting from these oscillations is characterized. A criterion for the onset of oscillations is proposed and the experimental results provide a database for future studies. The oscillations of the shear layers are also observed within the gap between the stack and a heat-exchanger. Vortices increase the viscous dissipation within the gap approximately by a factor of two (for nondimensional dissipation). A statistic study of the flow between the stack and the heat-exchanger shows that the flow is no longer periodic at high acoustic level. These features are expected to affect the global performances of the system
Revil, Narcisse. "Caractérisation et analyse de la dégradation induite par porteurs chauds dans les transistors MOS submicroniques et mésoscopiques." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0098.
Full textKolebina, Natalia. "Caractérisation des properiétés d'aciers supermartensitiques pour une optimisation de procédés de mise en forme d'éléments de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI093.
Full textThe current manufacturing of hydraulic turbine components is complex, metal-consuming and expensive process. The one way of improving this process is forming complex shapes that will decrease the amount of welding and post treatment. The new forming process requires the investigation of new materials having good deformability and satisfying the requirements to material for hydraulic turbine application. The supermartensitic steels are attractive as they have exceptional combination of high corrosion resistance, good weldability, tensile strength and ductile behavior.The aim of this work is the determination and modeling of supermartensitic stainless steel behavior at high temperature to control and optimize process of hot forming the parts of hydraulic turbine runner.Different parameters affect the hot forming of steel. On the one hand, the knowledge about steel microstructure and transformation is needed to optimize temperature of forming and analyze results, and on the other hand, the mechanical experiments need to be performed to determine high temperature behavior of steel and constitutive law which allow to model process of forming. Thus firstly detailed study of microstructure and transformation of supermartensitic steel is presented. It has been demonstrated that the heat treatment can improve microstructure of material and exclude disadvantage of steel making. Then the mechanical behavior at high temperature was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out in the interval of temperature from 650°C to 1100°C at strain rate in range from 0,0004s-1 to 0,04s-1. The influences of temperature, strain rate, grain size, content and morphology of phases on mechanical behavior have been analyzed. Additionally brief investigation of cavities at full austenite zone has been done. Finally the constitutive laws were determined and modeling of behavior is presentede Examples of bending process are reported, corresponding to real and complex shapes of turbine parts.The presented investigation of supermartensitic stainless steel and proposed constitutive laws allow optimization the process of hot forming
Chovet, Sauvage Corinne. "Evolution des microstructures et des textures en grande déformation à chaud d'un alliage Al-Mg-Si : caractérisation du mécanisme de recristallisation dynamique continue." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG4210.
Full textDe, Baecque Margot. "Caractérisation multi-physique de la durabilité d'un sol traité à la chaux pour une application aux digues maritimes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2078.
Full textIn the context of dike construction, the lime treatment of clayey soils improves their properties and avoids importing other high quality materials. Such treatment could reduce the environmental and economic cost of the raw material carriage. Several studies in the literature showed that the lime treatment of soil increases the mechanical strength and the resistance to erosion. However, the impact of the environmental stress on the material durability, especially in marine environment, was not taken into account in these studies. The work presented in this thesis dissertation is part of the CPER-FEDER PACA Digue2020 project, of which the purpose is to build a marine dike using a lime treated soil and to monitor the dike sustainability. The goal of our work is to evaluate in the lab the durability of the lime treated soil by reproducing a marine environment. Wetting-drying accelerated cycles using standardized sea water are defined to reproduce the alternate phases of emersion and immersion of the dike. The uniaxial mechanical strength, the resistance to internal and external erosion, and the porosity are evaluated. These properties are chosen in order to assess the durability of the dike. The material electrical resistivity and seismic wave velocities are evaluated during the hydric cycles to correlate these material properties with the state of degradation due to the cycles. The effect of the hydric cycles is a non-linear decrease of the geomechanical properties. The reduction of the properties is fast during the first cycles then it slows down. Geophysical properties prove complementary in characterizing the lime-treated soil properties. The perspectives of this work are to perform in situ testing on the Digue2020 dike. On-site results could be compared with lab test results in order to evaluate the representativeness of lab tests and their protocol. A long term geophysical instrumentation is planned to monitor the properties of the lime-treated and non-treated materials within the Digue2020 earthwork
Berger, Valérie. "Caractérisation expérimentale des phénomènes instationnaires dans un compresseur axial de turbomachine." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0006.
Full textLe, Troedec Marianne. "Caractérisation des interactions physico-chimiques dans un matériau composite à base de phyllosilicates, de chaux et de fibres végétales." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e24c28f9-a650-4203-a4d0-a9fe7302ca00/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4055.pdf.
Full textIn order to understand the physico-chemical mechanisms governing the interactions between hemp fibres and mineral matrices based on lime and on mixtures of lime and clay minerals, the influence of various chemical treatments of fibres on their surface properties and on macroscopic mechanical properties of mortars were evaluated. Treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) removes various organic components from the surface of the fibres, increases the adhesion forces between the fibre and a colloid made of silica and improves the mechanical properties of the resulting composites for lime and lime/kaolin matrices. An explanation for this behaviour could be linked to an increase of the fibre surface roughness and homogeneity. Other chemical treatments, with Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA), Polythylene imine (PEI), a saturated lime solution and a calcium chloride solution have no impact on the mechanical properties of the composite material
Touitou, Floriane. "Caractérisation des panaches thermiques dans un fluide à viscosité variable : Application à l'entraînement et au mélange dans le manteau terrestre." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066127.
Full textAcem, Zoubir. "Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique à haute température : De l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263601.
Full textLa première partie détaille les travaux relatifs à l'élaboration et la caractérisation thermique de ces nouveaux composites. On y présente les différentes voies d'élaboration des composites (dispersion, compression uniaxiale, isostatique) associées aux différents types de graphite (graphite naturel expansé (GNE), graphite synthétique) investigués au cours de cette thèse. On y retrouve également les résultats liés à la campagne de caractérisation thermique de ces composites permettant de mettre en exergue l'impact du graphite sur les propriétés conductrices des matériaux étudiés. A partir de ces résultats, des études de modélisation de l'évolution de la conductivité thermique ont pu être entrepris afin d'approfondir la compréhension de l'effet du graphite (quantité, taille de particules) sur la conductivité effective des composites.
La deuxième partie présente essentiellement les dispositifs de caractérisation thermique et les modèles thermocinétiques associés qui ont du être développés et adaptés aux spécificités des matériaux nouvellement élaborés. Cela concerne principalement les matériaux élaborés par compression, matériaux difficilement reproductible et possédant des propriétés orthotropes. La caractérisation de ce type de matériaux s'avère très délicate et pour le moins fastidieuse. C'est pourquoi nous nous sommes attachés à développer et adapter les moyens de caractérisation existants afin de permettre la caractérisation thermique complète d'un matériau conducteur orthotrope à partir d'une seule mesure sur un seul échantillon
Acem, Zoubir. "Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique a haute température : de l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13441.
Full textPradille, Christophe. "Vers une meilleure compréhension et caractérisation du comportement des aciers à très haute température." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00617963.
Full textWibowo, Rachmadji. "Modélisation et caractérisation de l'écoulement dans le jeu roue-carter d'une turbomachine." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0009.
Full textHernandez, Karina. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'interaction arc-matériau : application à l'optimisation des appareils de coupure." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2412/.
Full textQuantification of energy transfer is an essential theme for optimization of many systems and processes such as low-voltage circuit breakers. The AEPPT team investigates this topic over many years, both from an experimental and theoretical point of view by developing experimental devices and numerical models. To this day, experimental studies have been made on a transferred arc configuration for current values about a hundred amperes. In this work, a new experimental device has been carried out to generate a pulsed arc of several kilo amperes. Two complementary approaches were considered to quantify time-resolved energy transfer: to study the interaction of the arc with the electrode material and to characterize the plasma created. High-speed video analysis has been used, thermographic and spectroscopy measurements were carried out
Robert, Kévin. "Débitmétrie d'air dans la ligne d'admission d'un moteur diesel suralimenté : Caractérisation des phénomènes aérauliques au niveau du débitmètre." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES052.
Full textFor Diesel engine, air flow metering is a key point to meet the future European pollutant regulations. In cooperation with the research laboratory CNRS CORIA UMR 6614 and the CERTAM, RENAULT led an experimental study whose objectives are to analyse and to understand the air flow velocity field inside the hot-film air mass sensors (HFM). Tests have been carried out on a flow bench and on an engine test bench to characterize the influence of HFM upstream shape devices (vehicle air filters, straight pipe, homogeneous grid) and the exhaust gas recirculation valve opening) on air flow phenomena. Velocities have been measured inside the air intake system by laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and hot wire anemometry (HWA). Data synchronization between LDA and HWA velocity measurements and a reference of the air intake engine cycle was applied to reveal local and flowrate phase velocity and to quantify the local velocity stability by standard deviation analysis. As a result, the knowledge of air intake flow characteristics helped the design of low pressure devices in order to improve mass air flow measurements by the HFM sensor. Besides, associated improvements of mass air flow signal processing in the engine control unit resulted in an enhancement of engine devices behaviour
Chetibi-RIah, Mouna. "Caractérisation et modélisation électrothermique non linéaire des transistors hyperfréquences de puissance « RF Si-LDMOSFETs pour l’étude de la fiabilité." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES015.
Full textThis work deals with electrothermal modelling of LDMOS power transistor for the study of reliability in radar applications. In a first part, we presented the characteristics of MOS transistors, and particularly the LDMOS, compared to bipolar transistors. We studied the influence of the temperature rise in semiconductor components on their relevant physical quantities. Finally, we explained the basics of the reliability of power transistors and we discussed ways and mechanisms of failure and the main laws of acceleration of failure (temperature, current density, injection of hot carriers). In a second part, the whole process of extraction of electrothermal model of an LDMOS is presented in detail. This study was based on the MET model deemed most appropriate for RF LDMOS power transistor. The reliability bench used to perform accelerated ageing tests has been described in chapter three. The goal is the understanding of the degradation of the reliability of such components in pulsed mode. Thus, all the electrical and RF parameters drifts after accelerated ageing tests have been studied and discussed
Thomas, Patrick. "Etude de l'implantation azote dans le SiC-6H : caractérisation électrique et optique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20211.
Full textLalizel, Gildas. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'aérodynamique d'un jet annulaire à très grand rapport de diamètres." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012179.
Full textLes instabilités se développant dans les couches de mélange externe et interne de la zone de recirculation ont été résolues spatialement et temporellement. L'utilisation conjointe de mesures P.I.V. décorrélées en temps de la zone de recirculation, de la P.O.D. et d'une mesure temporelle locale par A.D.L. a permis d'établir un scénario de l'évolution temporelle du sillage.
La zone de jet pleinement développé a également été étudiée à partir de mesures d'A.D.L. et de fil chaud. Les évolutions des grandeurs intégrales (quantité de mouvement, débit, vitesses, demi largeur du jet, nombre de Reynolds turbulent), des différentes échelles (échelles de Kolmogorov, de Taylor et intégrale) et du taux de dissipation moyen ont été mesurées sur l'axe du jet. Une comparaison des variations de ces différentes grandeurs a permis d'inclure le jet rond comme un cas asymptotique des jets annulaires.
Geoffroy, Thibaud. "Valorisation de l'écorce d'érable rouge et d'érable à sucre : optimisation de la production d'extraits à l'eau chaude et caractérisation de leur potentiel antioxydant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34940.
Full textRésidu généré en fortes quantités par l’industrie forestière, l’écorce est principalement valorisée par combustion pour la production d’énergie. Pourtant, des projets de bioraffineries sont en développement croissant pour proposer de nouvelles voies de valorisation telle que l’extraction. L’écorce pouvant contenir des molécules extractibles potentiellement bioactives en quantités appréciables, les industries agro-alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique s’intéressent de près à de telles initiatives. Cette vaste gamme de composés bioactifs propose en effet des alternatives séduisantes à des ingrédients de synthèse de moins en moins prisés. De tels extractibles démontrant des activités antioxydantes, antibactériennes, anti-cancer ou encore anti-inflammatoires ont été isolés au sein de l’écorce des deux essences d’érables, Acer rubrum L. (érable rouge) et Acer saccharum Marsh. (érable à sucre). Ces hétérosides phénoliques ainsi que d’autres extractibles d’intérêt sont susceptibles d’être extraits à l’eau, un solvant vert apprécié pour des applications finales ayant trait à la santé humaine. La thèse présentée s’intéresse donc à la valorisation de l’écorce de l’érable rouge et de l’érable à sucre par récupération et caractérisation d’extractibles hydrosolubles potentiellement antioxydants. Le premier axe de la recherche est centré sur l’optimisation d’un procédé d’extraction à l’eau chaude. En variant les paramètres de granulométrie de l’écorce, de température, de durée de l’extraction et de ratio écorce/solvant, le but a été d’obtenir des valeurs optimales de rendement, teneur en phénols totaux, capacité antioxydante et consommation énergétique estimée. Partant des résultats obtenus, les conditions suivantes : granulométrie de 250–500 μm, température de 90°C, durée de 1 h, ratio écorce/solvant de 1/10, ont été jugées pertinentes pour une mise à l’échelle. Ainsi, des traitements post-extraction ont été investigués à échelle laboratoire pilote pour la production d’extraits secs. Combinant plusieurs méthodes de concentration (osmose inverse, évaporation sous vide) et de séchage (atomisation, lyophilisation), ces traitements ont été évalués selon différentes variables réponses : récupération de l’extrait, capacité antioxydante, teneurs en protéines, en composés phénoliques, en sucres totaux et énergie nécessaire aux opérations unitaires des différents procédés. Pour les extraits des deux essences d’érable, les combinaisons osmose inverse/atomisation et osmose inverse/lyophilisation se sont avérées les plus prometteuses. De qualité supérieure en termes d’antioxydants phénoliques, l’extrait d’écorce d’érable rouge lyophilisé a été choisi pour l’investigation de tels composés par criblage antioxydant. L’approche basée sur des techniques couplant test antioxydant in vitro au radical DPPH et séparation chromatographique par HPLC a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes radicalaires en présence des dérivés galloyl-glucitols de l’érable rouge. Le phénomène d’auto-oxydation mis en évidence chez ces dérivés testés purs n’a pas été observé lorsque ceux-ci ont été évalués dans des mélanges tertiaires ou directement dans l’extrait. L’effet de mixture/matrice associé à ce comportement a orienté la suite des travaux vers l’étude de fractions de composés plutôt que vers l’isolement de composés purs. Pour cela, la technique d’ultrafiltration a été investiguée pour la production de fractions concentrées. Ce dernier volet a donc permis d’explorer des classes de composés peu, voire non étudiés au sein des deux érables (protéines, tannins). Même si les résultats demeurent préliminaires, la caractérisation des tannins a révélé certaines similarités chez les deux essences, à savoir la présence de tannins de type proanthocyanidine en quantités comparables. En termes de différences, contrairement à l’érable à sucre, l’érable rouge semble riche en gallotannins de hautes masses moléculaires. Toutefois, des analyses complémentaires seraient nécessaires pour confirmer ce résultat. Au final, cette thèse fournit une base substantielle pour l’établissement d’une voie de valorisation viable des extractibles des écorces d’érable rouge et d’érable à sucre. Elle propose un défrichage des principales problématiques intrinsèques à la production d’extraits pour des applications alimentaire, cosmétique ou pharmacologique. Si les connaissances des composés présents dans l’écorce d’érable ont été améliorées, de nombreuses étapes restent nécessaires à la création d’une filière de bioraffinerie pérenne. Pour aller dans ce sens, la suite de la recherche prévoit, entre autres, des tests de toxicité et d’activités in vivo, ainsi que l’étude de l’intégration des extraits dans des matrices alimentaires.
Bark is a high-volume residue from the forest industry that is mostly incinerated for its calorific value. However, biorefineries are increasingly gaining importance by providing new alternatives, such as solvent extraction. As bark is usually rich in extractives susceptible to exhibit bioactivities, agro-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries keep a close eye on such opportunities. This high diversity of bioactive natural compounds in extracts provides a valuable substitute to synthetic ingredients, currently losing popularity. Phenolic extractives associated to antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory activities have been found in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) bark. In addition to other promising extractives, these phenolic glycosides could be recovered using water. This non-toxic extraction solvent is usually privileged for human-health related applications. This thesis investigates the valorisation of red maple and sugar maple bark by recovery and antioxidant characterisation of their water-soluble extractives. First, the research was focused on hot-water extraction optimisation. By varying several parameters (particle size of bark, extraction temperature and duration, bark/solvent ratio), optimal values were determined in terms of extraction yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and estimated energy consumption. From these results, a 250–500 μm particle size, 90°C temperature, 1 h duration and a 1/10 bark/water ratio were found relevant for a scale-up. Therefore, post-extraction treatments were investigated at semi-pilot scale aiming to produce dry extracts. Combining concentration (reverse osmosis, vacuum evaporation) and drying (spray-drying, freeze-drying) methods, treatments were evaluated based upon several response variables: extract recovery, antioxidant capacity, protein, phenolic and carbohydrate contents and power consumption induced by the operation units of the process. In regards to these variables, extracts from both maple species seemed more potent when processed using reverse osmosis, associated to spray-drying or freeze-drying. The higher potential in terms of antioxidant phenolics determined for the red maple bark extract obtained using reverse osmosis and freeze-drying led us to perform antioxidant screening on this extract. An approach based on in vitro DPPH radical scavenging test associated to HPLC separation allowed for a better understanding of radical scavenging mechanisms related to galloyl-glucitol derivatives from red maple. Autoxidation of these compounds tested individually was not observed when evaluated in a tertiary mixture or in the crude extract. This mixture/matrix effect helped us define the next step as a study focusing rather on the production of fractions than on the isolation of pure compounds. To this end, ultrafiltration was studied as a tool for extract fractionation. Thus, this last part of the project allowed us to explore different classes of compounds in both sugar and red maple (proteins, tannins), which have rarely been studied. Although preliminary, the obtained results indicated the similarities between the characteristics of tannins found in both species i.e. proanthocyanidins in comparable amounts. However, only the high molecular fraction form red maple bark extract seemed to contain substantial amounts of high-molecular-weight gallotannins. Supplementary analyses would be required to confirm this result. To conclude, this thesis provides solid information to promote the extraction of red and sugar maple bark at a commercial level. This work offers valuable findings and insights about extract production for application in foods, cosmetics or pharmaceutics. The results obtained help enhance the knowledge about maple bark phytochemicals. Yet, further studies would be required before creating a sustainable biorefinery project based on maple bark. Such investigations, including in vivo toxicity, activity testing, as well as studies about food enrichment using maple extracts are planned for the continuation of this research.
Delie, Fabrice. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique de la densification de composites particulaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10006.
Full textRamanantsoa, Ravo. "Caractérisation expérimentale d'un plasma d'arc et de son interaction avec les électrodes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1463/.
Full textElectrical arc is used as a power supply in many industrial processes such as metal welding or cutting. In most of these applications, the knowledge and the quantification of the energy transfer between the plasma and the components of the system are very important in order to optimize the process. Two complementary approaches can be used for these studies: numerical modeling and experimental measurements. This thesis consisted in making measurements on different transferred arc configurations with two objectives: first to study and characterize the interaction of the arc with the electrodes and the surrounding materials, the second to provide a complete database in order to validate models. The energy transfer is quantified using an inverse approach taking into account the temporal aspect. These experimental measurements combined with our inverse method allowed us to obtain the energy transferred to the electrodes. Spectroscopic and radiative losses measurements were performed to characterize the plasma column and to establish a total energy balance in the system
Jacob, Stéphanie. "Intégration, caractérisation et modélisation des mémoires non-volatiles à nanocristaux de silicium." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408813.
Full textGaborieau, Marion. "Caractérisation des conditions redox du manteau terrestre dans différents contextes géodynamiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC084.
Full textMany studies have demonstrated that arc basalts are more oxidized (~ ∆QFM+1.5 ± 1) than mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB; ∆QFM-1.2 à ~ ∆QFM). However, the oxidation state of the sub-arc mantle is still debated. The use of various proxies on the same set of samples aims to determine the oxidation state of magmas, the effects of secondary processes on their oxidation state and to better constrain the fO2 of primary magmas from different geodynamic settings and that of their mantle source. For that purpose, Fe3+/ΣFe ratios, V partition coefficients between silicate melts and olivines (DvOl/Melt) as well as V/Sc and V/Yb ratios were measured in melt inclusions from high-Mg olivines (Fo > 80 %) from subduction zones, mid-oceanic ridges and hot spots. The analysis of Fe3+/ΣFe ratios by XANES spectroscopy using analytical conditions that prevent beam damage during analysis of hydrous glasses and by Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed that arc magmas are more oxidized than those from hot spots and mid-ocean ridges. A positive correlation between Fe3+/ΣFe ratios and water contents in melt inclusions suggests that the oxidation state recorded in primitive arc magmas is likely to be due to changes in the oxidation state of the mantle beneath arcs because of subduction processes. The calculation of the fO2 from Fe3+/ΣFe ratios also indicates that the range of oxidation state recorded in arc melt inclusions varies from one subduction zone to another. An evaluation of the effects of volatile degassing and differentiation processes on the magmatic fO2 was carried out on each melt inclusion population. fO2 values were then estimated for reconstructed primary melt compositions using the different redox proxies. Results obtained from Fe3+/ΣFe ratios, DvOl/Melt partition coefficients and V/Yb ratios suggest that arc primary magmas are more oxidized than those from hot spots and mid-ocean ridges. However, fO2 values differ from one proxy to another. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the Fe3+/ΣFe ratios, the fO2 calculated from these ratios and the water contents of primary magmas suggests that the difference in the oxidation state of magmas is not due to secondary processes. However, the comparison between the Fe3+/ΣFe ratios, the fO2 values calculated from these ratios and Th/La and Ba/La ratios of primary magmas does not confirm that the observed changes in redox state can be simply linked to the influence of silicate melt or aqueous fluids coming from the slab to the mantle wedge. On the opposite, fO2 values calculated from V/Sc ratios suggest that primary arc magmas are comparable to those from mid-ocean ridges and hot spots
Le, Borgne Tangi. "Caractérisation et quantification des éléments perturbateurs de prise lors du traitement des sols." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477768.
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