Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caractérisation physico-chimique par fluorescence'
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Ngoya, Sandra. "Caractérisation physiologique et physico-chimique des Pseudomonas Fluorescens productrices ou non de biosurfactants. Première approche du comportement bioadhésif." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES054.
Full textPseudomonas fluorescens is a psychrotrophic ubiquitous bacterium which is found in several environments, including grounds and marine or fresh water and air, but also associated to eukaryote hosts (plants, animals and human). Biosurfactants are a tensioactive class of molecules, structurally varied and synthesised by many micro-organisms. Many studies revealed that biosurfactants have a limiting effect to the bacterial adhesion on surface. Because of the outer membrane constituting the first barrier between the cell and the environment, we studied the effects of biosurfactants on surface membrane physicochemical properties. Surface actives compounds were searched for many Pseudomonas fluorescens strains from various environments such as hospitals, plants and rhizosphere according to the temperature of culture of the bacteria. Several biosurfactants identified in these bacteria are cyclic lipopeptides (CLP). These CLP are mostly known for their antifungal or antibiotic properties on rhizosphere. Our studies revealed many possibilities of CLP production at 17°C, including some unidentified or even discovered yet. This exclusive presence of CLP is independent of the origin of isolation of strains and varies depending on temperature. For bacteria strains producer or not of CLP, morphologic, physiochemical and haemolytic characterization show that biosurfactants, depending on their polarities, might induced many modifications linked to bacteria surfaces parameters. Some studies allowing the bacteria evaluation behaviour during the first stage of adhesion on surfaces, have demonstrated that these intra species changes are associated to the surface composition and also to micro-environment
Gouisset, Emmanuel. "Développement et étude de la réponse instrumentale d'un imageur hyperspectral large bande (UV-Visible-NIR) permettant la caractérisation physico-chimique de contaminants sur surfaces sensibles d’engins orbitaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS139.
Full textIn the field of failure analysis and in particular molecular and particulate contamination, being able to detect any trace of contaminants during the integration of an orbital spacecraft is crucial. In this context, fluorescence allows not only to detect but also to discriminate contaminants. For this project, we have therefore developed a broadband hyperspectral instrument (UV-Vis-NIR) from 330 to 1000 nm to be able to detect a wide range of contaminants. It is a catoptric assembly that eliminates chromatic aberrations. The field of view is 3.5° for an angular resolution of 25 arc seconds. It was designed to be portable and its fixed mechanical assembly allows easy optical alignment and rapid creation of calibration files between two scenes. We measured a spectral resolution of 1 nm in the UV range, 2 to 3 nm in the visible range and 5 nm in the NIR range. This allowed us to study the fluorescence response of two epoxy glues, typical sources of orbital spacecraft contamination, and to compare it with a measurement obtained with a commercial instrument. These measurements allowed us to evaluate the performance of our instrument and identify prospects of improvement, especially in terms of sensitivity in UV range
Viguerie, Laurence de. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et caractérisation des matériaux du sfumato." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544509.
Full textDe, Viguerie Laurence. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et caractérisation des matériaux du ‘sfumato'." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544509.
Full textMethenni, Amine. "Caractérisation en ligne du taux de greffage de l'anhydride maléique sur le polypropylène par la spectroscopie de fluorescence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29221/29221.pdf.
Full textAl, Ajami Mohamad. "Caractérisation et déploiement d'un instrument FAGE pour l'étude des processus d'oxydation atmosphériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R031/document.
Full textThe hydroxyl radical, OH, the hydroperoxyl radical HO2 (known collectively as HOx) and peroxy radicals RO2, play a key role in the tropospheric chemistry and are intricately related to the chemical cycles that control the concentration of greenhouse gases. Accurate quantification of these three important radicals and investigations on the chemical mechanisms that control their formation and removal in the atmosphere are needed to develop a better understanding of the atmospheric chemistry mechanisms. Different types of instruments have been developed and deployed to quantify HOx radicals in the field such as the FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion). This technique represents direct measurement of OH and indirect measurement of HO2 radicals by adding NO. However, some RO2 radicals can be potential interferences for HO2 measurements. For UL-FAGE, the conversion efficiency of various RO2 species to HO2 has been investigated and it has been shown that variation of NO allows to selectively detect HO2 and double bound RO2. With similar FAGE instruments, field campaigns have been carried out in remote biogenic environments in the last decade. They have highlighted unidentified interferences in these measurements. In our laboratory, we used our FAGE instrument in controlled conditions to investigate the origin of the interference and we have shown that ROOOH, product of radical-radical reactions in the atmosphere may be responsible. Finally, the UL-FAGE in both configurations (quantification and reactivity) was deployed to a field measurement (LANDEX) in forest environment. Part of the campaign was conducted to an intercomparison between UL-FAGE and LSCE-CRM instruments
Donnet, Christophe. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de céramiques thermomécaniques traitées par implantation ionique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10231.
Full textJanati, Idrissi Abderrazak. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des alumines par le concept d'objets fractals." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2305.
Full textFanget, Bernard. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'acides humiques et étude des interactions pyrène - acides humiques." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS003.
Full textAbdelmoula, Sami. "Greffage chimique du polyamide 6-6 par des monomères acryliques : caractérisation morphologique et physico-chimique." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-299.pdf.
Full textLa deuxième partie de cette étude, concerne la recherche des conditions optimales qui favorisent le greffage par rapport à la réaction parasite d'homopolymérisation. La variation des différents paramètres réactionnels pour chacun des systèmes étudiés montre que la prépondérance de la réaction de greffage n'est possible que si l'homopolymère reste insoluble dans le bain du greffage. Dans le cas contraire, un effet d'auto-accélération favorise les réactions de propagation des macroradicaux de l'homopolymère. Une dernière partie, a été consacrée à l'étude de l’évolution des propriétés tinctoriales des fibres greffées l'appréciation du rendement tinctorial effectuée par spectrocolorimétrie, montre que les échantillons greffés par l'acide méthacrylique et l'acrylamide, manifestent une remarquable affinité tinctoriale en particulier avec les colorants basiques et réactifs
Llanos, de Melo Aura. "Elaboration et caractérisation physico-chimique d'une argile beidellitique modifiée par pontage au zirconium." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2351.
Full textDrevet, Richard. "Élaboration de nouveaux revêtements prothétiques phosphocalciques par électrodéposition. : caractérisation physico-chimique et structurale." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS011/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents an innovative process to produce prosthetic calcium phosphate coatings: electrodeposition. An original protocol is developed, combining pulsed electrodeposition current mode and the incorporation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the electrolytic solution. This protocol leads to homogeneous and compact calcium phosphate coatings whose chemical composition is controlled. They may consist of a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite with a variable deficit or of a stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The morphology of the coatings is observed by SEM and STEM, and their chemical composition is studied by X-ray microanalysis and by a standardized method based on XRD, determining the characteristic Ca/P atomic ratio of these coatings. The study of the thermal behavior of the elaborated samples is performed in order to determine the optimal treatment temperature to obtain a sufficient value of the calcium phosphate coating adhesion onto the metallic substrate. Despite the limitation of this temperature to 550°C when the treatment is carried out in air, the measurement of the coating adhesion to the substrate leads to a value of 16.5 MPa that corresponds to the standardized criteria for the surgical implants. Furthermore, the bioactivity of the elaborated coatings is evaluated in a physiological environment by studying firstly their corrosion behavior using the Tafel representation of the polarization curves and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and secondly by studying the dissolution precipitation reactions that occur during a prolonged immersion. The formation of a “bonelike” apatite layer on the surface of the electrodeposited coating is then observed. The elaboration protocol developed allows the modulation of these behaviors in physiological medium. Finally, the flexibility of the electrodeposition process is used to uniformly incorporate strontium in the calcium phosphate coating that is an active agent whose release in physiological medium can be modulated. A structural study is performed to observe that the incorporation of this element in the coating modifies the proportion of the phases that compose the coating after a suitable thermal treatment. The phase proportion and the uniform distribution of the strontium are also observed at the submicron scale by EELS
El, Haitami Alae Eddine. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de films multicouches de polymères obtenus par interactions électrostatiques et par liaisons covalentes." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/EL_HAITAMI_Alae_Eddine_2010.pdf.
Full textThe polymer multilayer films studied in this work were obtained either by electrostatic interactions or by covalent bonds in "click-chemistry". The buildup of these films was carried out according to the Layer-by-Layer method. In the case of electrostatic films, the reagents were polycations and polyanions. In the case of covalent films, the reagents were polymers modified by either azide or alkyne groups. In the presence of Cu(I), a cycloaddition occurs between azide and alkyne groups to form the triazole group which ensures the covalent bond. First, we studied the effect of the Hofmeister series of the monovalent anions on the buildup of a PSS/PAH multilayer film and on its permeability to redox probes. We observed that PSS/PAH films built in the presence of chaotropic anions were thicker and more permeable to Fe(CN)64- ions than those built in the presence of cosmotropic anions. Then, in a second study, we investigated multilayer films built by "click-chemistry" using PAA and ethylene glycol chains (EGq). We observed that films built with 13-monomer EGq chains were thicker and rougher than those built with 3-monomer EGq chains. Moreover, when these chains were homobifonctionalized by alkyne groups, the films were thicker and rougher than those whose EG chains were homobifonctionalized by azide groups. The last study was about ionic permeability of a hybrid film composed of a covalent part and a electrostatic part. We observed that a modulation of the hybrid film permeability to anionic and cationic probes was possible when the external pH was changed
Molina, Émilie. "Matériaux hybrides mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des polymères : élaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et applications biomédicales." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0024.
Full textMesostructured hybrid materials were prepared by using original silica-structuring agents, which are polyion complex (PIC) micelles. A great advantage of PIC micelles is that they can be reversibly assembled in aqueous solution by varying physico-chemical parameters. PIC micelles are formed by electrostatic complexation between a neutral-anionic double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged agent of micellization; here a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) PEO-b-PAA (synthesized by controlled radical polymerization by atom transfer ATRP) and commercial polyamines (oligochitosan OC or aminoglycoside antibiotics) were respectively used. First, the influence of various parameters (pH, temperature, concentration) on PIC micelle association properties was investigated in aqueous solution. Then, the effect of these parameters on the silica mesostructuring process was studied, it provides a better understanding of the formation mechanisms. It was shown that varying interactions between constituents allows to control the mesostructure (hexagonal, lamellar, wormlike) and the material morphology (nanoparticle, microparticle). Finally, the versatility of the approach has been demonstrated with PEO-b-PAA/aminoglycoside systems. Drug-loaded ordered mesostructured materials were prepared following a one-pot route. Moreover, taking advantage of the high degree of functionality of DHBC polymers and of the reversibility of the micellization, polyacid-functionalized mesoporous materials were directly prepared by selectively extracting the micellization agent. PAA-functionalized silica materials were then used to complex diverse active entities such as drugs, whose delivery could be pH-controlled
Catan, Francis. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanoparticules métalliques par voie physico-chimique : application à la couleur." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2074.
Full textTishkova, Victoria. "Nanoparticules de combustion émises par différents moyens de transport : caractérisation physico-chimique et hygroscopicité." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22060.pdf.
Full textTransport emission of nanoparticles into atmosphere is of major interest because of its possible effect on climate changes. The understanding of the potential environmental effect of the aviation and ship emission is still poor maintly because of the lack in the experimental characterization of these nanoparticules. The present work focuses on physico-chemical properties of combustion nanoparticles and their interaction with water. Hygroscopicity is on of the key parameters that are related to could condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and the environnemental effect. Experimental data show differences in the microstructure, elemental composition residuals coming from marine transport emitted residuals. Water uptake on combustion residuals coming from marine transport and aviation is higher than for laboratory-produced samples. We can therfore guess that these particules act as active CCN in the atmosphere
Dumont, Nicolas. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et mécanique de l'assemblage aluminium/polymère renforcé par des silanes organofonctionnels." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10091.
Full textUrbain, Vincent. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des boues activées en relation avec leur propriété de décantation." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10434.
Full textBourgoin, Xavier. "Elaboration et caractérisation physico-chimique de nanocomposites plomb/céramique pour batteries acides." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10137/document.
Full textThe lead alloys generally employed as electrode substrates of lead acid battery are Pb-Ca-Sn. The microstructural evolutions lead to the depreciation of mechanical and chemical properties. This work deals with new materials in order to replace Pb-Ca-Sn alloys. The battery-life extension and recycling improvement are advantageous for industrial and environment. First part of this study shows deleterious effects of secondary elements in recycled lead alloys. New materials synthesised in this work are lead based composites reinforced with small amount of ceramic in order to improve mechanical properties by ODS technology, starting from powder metallurgy. Several methods have been used to obtain powder: the first one is the mixing of commercial powders specially prepared, the second one is the evaporation under an arc plasma and the third one uses the reduction of lead salts in organic solvent. Hardness values are more stable and reached two times the one of reference alloy. In the same time, secondary creep rates are divided until four comparing to the reference. Nevertheless, corrosion resistance is poor due to porosity and large part of grain boundaries which conduct to grain removal during the experiment.In order to improve this chemical resistance, lead layers are electrodeposed from fluoborates bath. In the same way, fine layers of silica obtained by PECVD improve corrosion behaviour of Pb-Ca-Sn alloy
Rafai, Mounir. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des films de Pt, Pd, Ni et Au déposés par pulvérisation cathodique." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2374.
Full textR'mili, Badr. "Développement de méthodes de caractérisation physico-chimique et morphologique des nano-objets manufacturés." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0116.
Full textNanostructured materials with remarkable properties are being developed from manufactured nano-objects such as nanoparticles or nanofibers. Their production volume is growing rapidly given the potentialities in terms of application and economic gain. However, the risk of personnel involved in the production process requires the development of appropriate detection tools to characterize nano-objects. In this context two measurement techniques have been developed, evaluated and characterized. The first technique consists in sampling particles by filtration through a porous grid TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Analysis by scanning or transmission electron microscopy coupled with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) provides access to the morphology and chemical composition of particles. The first experiments showed that the device, easy to implement, allows a homogeneous and reproductible sampling. The collection efficiency of porous TEM grids was evaluated and compared to a numerical tool for quantitative results. The second technique named LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) provides access to the elemental chemical composition of an object (solid, liquid, gaseous or aerosol), in-situ and in real time, without sample preparation. The aim was to apply this technique to detect emissions of manufactured nano-objects. The LIBS technique has been optimized and implemented in a measurement campaign in an industrial laboratory (Arkema) producing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and compared to other techniques for real-time measurements (counter, size speciation, …). Meanwhile, samples from TEM grids were made. By overlap with the results of sampling, the LIBS technique showed a potential to detect in real time CNTs bundle. Indeed, it has been shown that it is possible to detect CNTs bundle and to differentiate them from ambient air particles (carbon soot and other particles) through the amount of metal elements (aluminium and iron). Moreover, the sampling results showed emission of isolated NTC fiber in the case of accidental spillage of NTC powders
Bois, Fabienne. "Mise en évidence, purification et caractérisation physico-chimique d'un facteur sérique hyperglycémiant induit par la température." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10218.
Full textRacault, Cathy. "Elaboration par voie solide et gazeuse et caractérisation physico-chimique de céramiques à base de Ti3SiC2." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10577.
Full textRichert, Ludovic. "Films multicouches à base de polyelectrolytes biodégradables : caractérisation physico-chimique et interaction avec des cellules." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0251_RICHERT.pdf.
Full textHu, Minhui. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et optique de miroirs multicouches pour le domaine EUV." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641198.
Full textDe, Boeck Christian. "Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique du supraconducteur Bi2.05Sr1.9Ca1.05Cu2O8+ pur et dopé par le zinc et le fer." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212279.
Full textMorvan, Myriame. "Caractérisation des odeurs de matériaux de l'habitacle automobile par "nez électronique", analyse sensorielle et analyse physico-chimique." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT026G.
Full textDurand, Céline. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et optimisation du dépôt métallique de cuivre réalisé par croissance électrolytique pour des applications SIP." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2054.
Full textThose technologies which carry out « System In Package » solutions are growing et represent one of the most important way of Integrated Circuit downsizing. The SIP solutions require the acquisition of new technologies and competences in Thin Film Deposition field. Currently, the most widespread techniques for metallic film deposition are sputtering and those based on gaseous precursors. The third solution is a deposit by electrochemical way. Commonly used in metallurgical industry, its transfer to semi-conductor applications requires understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the interactions between deposited materials and under-layers. The purpose of this dissertation is the optimization of the copper electroplating deposition, optimization leaning upon advanced physical and chemical characterizations in order to understand reactive mechanisms. Among major results, we can notice the importance of macroscopic parameters like deposition tool and electrolytic bath composition to carry out a homogeneous growth, the process influence on the crystallographic structure of electrodeposited layer, along with the importance of the design and the environment of the patterns on the electrolytic growth and electric characteristics of final applications
Dumas, Timothée. "Renforcement des pneumatiques par la silice. Caracterisation physio-chimique et dispersion des granules de silice." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740183.
Full textAyrault, Sophie. "Dépôts de céramiques sur polymères (thermoplastiques ou thermodurcissables) assistés par laser ou plasmc : Faisabilité, caractérisation mécanique et physico-chimique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0026.
Full textThe aim of this work was to deposit thick ceramic coatings on polymer substrates (thermoplastics of thermosets) assisted by laser (CO2, =10,6 M) or plasma. Alumina powder has been deposited on polyethylene teraphtalate (PET) and on epoxy resin substrates. Since both these materials have different behaviours towards temperature, two adhesion mechanisms can be observed. For the thermoplastic polymer an adhesion of the ceramic particules on the substrate has been observed by mechanical anchorage which is due to the incrustation of the alumina grains on the melted polymer whatever the technique used. However, some differences between plasma or laser coatings have appeared. Using plasma coating, a grey and dense coating with appearence of a new γ crystallographic structure in addition to the original corundum structure has been obtained. Using laser coating, according to the different treatment parameters, a brown and inhomogeneous as well as rough deposit which shows the same crystallographic structure as the initial ceramic powder has been obtained. Therefore, different mechanical comportements have been shown using different techniques (tribology, erosion, microhardness, traction). As far as PET is concerned some morphological modifications inside the polymer have been observed during the treatment. Techniques have demonstrated a crystallinity gradient in the bulk of the substrate, a strong dependence of the microhardness but an unchanged morphology as a function of the treatment duration (which was shown by "finite elements" silumation). The behavior of the thermoset polymer since its own infusible porperty does not allow a direct mechanical anchorage seems different. Despite the strong interaction beam/polymer likely to create polar groups in the case of plasma treatment no adhesion with the ceramic coating occurs. It is therefore necessary to create an intermediate layer favorizing an anchorage with both substrate and alumina powder. Trials with industrial materials have shown promising results as regards quality of deposit a swell as adherence
Zerzouri, Maroua. "Faisabilité d’élaboration des poudres pré-géopolymères par mécanosynthèse : caractérisation physico-chimique et application aux pâtes, mortiers et enrobés bitumineux." Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UEFL2039.
Full textGeopolymers are inorganic materials made from compounds of natural origin (kaolin, for example), or from industrial waste (fly ash, blast furnace slag, etc.). Their excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties justify the growing interest they arouse in the construction field. However, their potential of employment remains limited due to the use, during their preparation, of highly concentrated alkaline solutions causing significant health risks and transport storage difficulty; hence it is necessary to implement solvent-free manufacturing techniques.This thesis aims to propose a new producing pre-geopolymer powders (PGP) method by “mechanosynthesis” that are easy to transport and store. Several raw materials, of different types and chemical compositions, were tested as aluminosilicate precursors (fly ash, metakaolin, blast furnace slag and clay); they were activated by different alkaline mixtures (NaOH, KOH, Na2SiO3 and CaO), at fixed mass ratios. The effect of several process parameters was considered, including milling time and speed rotation. The produced pre-geopolymer powders were then incorporated into formulations of pastes, mortars and bituminous mixes. The pastes physicochemical and mechanical properties were studied. The obtained results were compared with those of pastes made by the conventional method under the same conditions. The kinetics of pastes geopolymerization reaction were followed by infrared spectrometry in situ just after the hydration of the PGP. In addition, the indirect mechanosynthesis process has been used to improve the reactivity of clay.The results demonstrated the mechanosynthesis process efficiency for producing the pre-geopolymer powders. These give rise after hydration to geopolymer pastes with a similar structure to that of conventional geopolymers. This process has also helped to improve the mechanical performances of geopolymer products. The pre-geopolymer powders based on illitic clay, produced by indirect mechanosynthesis, give rise to pastes with mechanical resistance reaching 72.5 MPa after 28 curing days at 20 ° C and 50% of relative humidity, against 12.5 MPa for the classic case. The results obtained on slag-based mortars show mechanical strengths reaching 38 MPa after 28 curing daysFinally, the preliminary results on slag PGP-based bituminous mixes reveal better water and rutting resistance, even after 100,000 cycles, than those of the reference formulas without PGP
Castano, Sabine. "Etude physico-chimique de peptides amphipathiques en interaction avec des membranes biologiques et modèles : une approche par spectroscopies de fluorescence, PMIRRAS et par dynamique moléculaire." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10578.
Full textBrevet, Aude. "Les premiers instants de la croissance de films minces d'oxydes métalliques par MOCVD : caractérisation physico-chimique de l'interface film/substrat." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011989.
Full textLa formation d'une couche interfaciale de SiOy<2, par interaction du précurseur Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 avec le substrat, précède la formation de TiO2 et conduit à la présence de carbone à l'interface. La diffusion de silicium au sein de la couche superficielle de TiO2 a été constatée à la température de dépôt de 675 °C. Dès les premiers instants de la croissance, des cristallites de structure anatase et rutile se forment au sein de la couche de TiO2 amorphe. La croissance des grains de rutile s'arrête en cours de dépôt. Celle des grains d'anatase se poursuit sous forme de colonnes monocristallines.
Vion, Denis. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de couches minces de niobium déposées par pulvérisation magnétron sur la surface interne de cavités électromagnétiques accélératrices." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0065.
Full textThe energy efficiency of niobium coated superconducting radio frequency accelerating cavities is a function of the electrical resistivity at low temperature in the normal conducting state. This resistivity depends on the nature and the number of the different kinds of defects introduced in the films during their growth by magnetron sputtering. Some films with a residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of about 60 deposited en annealed copper substrates, and some films with an RRR of about 20 deposited on non-annealed copper were produced simultaneously Variation measurement methods were used on both kinds of film in order to defect plays the major role in determining the resistivity. Transmission Electronic Micros shows that only those films with high RRR have their Nb grains epitaxially grown on the Cu. These grains are two to three times larger than those of low RRR films. X-Ray Diffraction measurements show that deformations and micro deformations are approximately the same in both kinds of sample. It is also the case for argon entrapment during growth, measured by Vacuum Hot Extraction. Interstitial impurities contents were too low to be measured. It is although clear that the resistivity of non-epitaxialy grown films is due to grain boundaries. Their specific resistivity is about 3-4. E (-16) Ohm meter square. 'This work shows that quality improvement of Nb films requires an optimisation of the CU substrate pre-treatment
Brevet, Aude. "Les premiers instants de la croissance de films minces d'oxydes métalliques par MOCVD : caractérisation physico-chimique de l'interface film/substrat." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS003.
Full textThe initial stages of Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) of TiO2 thin films on Si(100) were studied in situ by surface analyses (XPS, ARXPS, AES). An original experimental set-up was built for this purpose and developed. Information obtained from these in situ experiments was completed by ex situ characterisations (HRTEM, SIMS, GIXRD. . . ). The formation of an interfacial SiOy<2 layer resulting of the interaction of the precursor Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 with the substrate takes place before the formation of stoichiometric TiO2 and leads to the presence of carbon at the interface. At the deposition temperature, 675 °C, silicon diffusion within the TiO2 external layer was also revealed. Concerning the crystalline structure of the films, anatase and rutile crystallites were observed growing within the TiO2 amorphous layer from initial stages of the growth. Rutile grains growth stops during deposition while anatase grains follow their growth forming monocrystalline columns
Sautot, Pascale. "Propriétés d'auto-assemblage de phospholipides riches en acides gras polyinsaturés : caractérisation physico-chimique et simulation de bicouches par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL032N/document.
Full textThe literature of recent decades is replete with references regarding the benefits of omega 3 fatty acids such as EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) which play an essential role in preventing many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's type). The major sources of EPA and DHA are those of marine origin. It is within this context that this study chose to deal with phospholipids from salmon heads. The objective was to extract, purify phosphatidylcholine (PC) derived from the mixture of lipids and determine its properties of self-assembly into bilayers. An experimental approach by the physicochemical characterization of this PC was supplemented by a theoretical study of the same compound using the techniques of molecular dynamics simulation that allowed a molecular-scale characterization of lipid bilayers. The characterization resulted in detailed profile of the mixture composition of salmon PC, to draw up the phase diagram of PC-water, to determine the packing and hydration properties of this lipid. The parameters chosen for the study of molecular dynamics have faithfully reproduced the experimental results, thus validating the model and simulation conditions determined in advance. The characterization of structural properties of the PC as a multilayer salmon has deepened the understanding of interaction mechanisms at the molecular level between unsaturated lipids themselves
Priser, Christine. "Contribution à la caractérisation objective de l'arôme de vins de Champagne par des méthodes sensorielles et physico-chimiques." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS067.
Full textGõni, Javier. "Les matériaux composites à matrice de cuivre renforcée par des particules de graphite : caractérisation physico-chimique et optimisation des conditions d'élaboration." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10673.
Full textMessoussi, Rochdi. "Caractérisation optique, électrique et physico-chimique du sélénium polycristallin en couches minces et des interfaces métal-sélénium (M = Ni, Al, Te)." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT2030.
Full textMehenni, Lyes. "Développement et caractérisation physico-chimique d'une nouvelle forme galénique à base d'Amphotéricine B adaptée à la voie orale et pulmonaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR156/document.
Full textRésumé en anglais non disponible
Benoit, Valérie. "La brévicine 27, une bactériocine produite par Lactobacillus brevis SB27 : caractérisation, purification et éléments de structure chimique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL101N.
Full textCyril, Ailliot. "CARACTÉRISATION PAR HOLOGRAPHIE ÉLECTRONIQUE ET SIMULATION DU DOPAGE 2D SUR SUBSTRAT SOI ULTRA-MINCE." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587918.
Full textHaider, Waqar. "Caractérisation de la composition physico-chimique de pommeaux de Normandie : Détermination de la composition volatile par chromatographie en phase gazeuse après extractions par SPE et MEPS." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2078.
Full textThis study focused on the first physico-chemical characterization of “Pommeaux de Normandie”. Pommeau is a traditional beverage from Normandy which is elaborated by mixing Calvados (1/3) and apple must (2/3). We showed that it contains a mean content of ethanol around 16. 3% (v/v) and a pH between 3. 7 and 4. 1. Total and volatile acidities are rather low if they are compared to other beverages; this is correlated with relatively low quantities of malic acid (around 1. 6 g. L-1) and relative high concentrations of reducing sugars (79-109 g. L-1). It reflects that producers are selecting higher proportions of sweet apples and lower proportions of acidic apples than for apple musts devoted to be transformed in commercialized ciders. Alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg) are the highest concentrated elements. A low content of transition metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe) in the beverage seems to be correlated with a low turbidity of samples. The presence of 124 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was determined in Pommeau samples by GC-MS after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and column chromatographic fractionations using a specific procedure of identification. 14 major VOCs were selected to be quantified. With the help of GC-FID analyses, the ability of two methods of sample preparation was compared to achieve this goal. SPE using diatomaceous earth as solid support was found to give imprecise results of concentration. On the contrary, Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) using a C18 sorbent was repeatable (between 1. 5 and 8%). This was determined after a step of optimization of the method which consisted in selecting the most suitable solvent of elution (dichloromethane) and the adequate number of extraction of Pommeau samples (4x100 µL). The MEPS method was validated and exhibited low limits of detection mainly for hydrophobic compounds which can be detected at concentrations around 10 µg. L-1. After comparison of the contents in major VOCs of Pommeau and ciders, we showed that most of the VOCs of Pommeau are issuing from the addition of Calvados. Higher alcohols are predominant (around 800 mg. L-1) and, except butan-1-ol and hexan-1-ol, their presence in Pommeau is correlated to the extent of the alcoholic fermentation of ciders used to elaborate Calvados
Zarki, Raed. "Etude de la modification des zéolithes de type pentasil, mordénite, faujasite Y par incorporation post-synthèse de titane, vanadium ou étain : caractérisation physico-chimique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10054.
Full textSoua, Zied. "Déshydratation mécanique de suspensions minérales en présence de dispersant : caractérisation physico-chimique et rhéologique des gâteaux obtenus par filtration avec formation de précouche (FAP)." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1612.
Full textThis work represent a contribution to improve mechanical dehydration of mineral suspensions in the presence of dispersants. Two methods were used in this investigation. The first method involves a simple filtration of deflocculated calcium carbonate suspension (FDS). Dispersing agents were used to deflocculate the calcium carbonate before filtration. The second method involves a precoat filtration of deflocculated suspension (PFDS). This method was carried out in two stages. The dispersant was added after formation of a pre-Iayer (precoat) of cake using free-dispersing agent calcium carbonate suspension. The presence of dispersant permits the fluidification of filter cake (73+- wt%) by mechanical agitation in order to obtain a concentrated calcium carbonate suspension having the same concentration. Filter cake properties (dryness, specific resistance, particle and floc size, zeta potential) were compared for different dispersant concentrations and for the two processes of filtration/fluidification. Results confirm the role of precoat formed from a free-dispersant suspension in the protection of the filtrate from molecules of the dispersant and from fine particles of the deftocculated suspension. A simplified model of cake filtration incorporating the effect of pressure redistribution on the cake - precoat interface was developped. The obtained analytical solutions improve the prediction of the cake growth process (including cake thickness and filtration velocity as functions of time). Another model was developped to relate the evolution of viscosity to the solid fraction and the floc size. The results show that floc size is lower for the cakes obtained with PFDS process. It was be explained by the loose of dispersant during FDS. Along this process, the real quantity of dispersant entrapped in the cake remains inferior to one entrapped in the cake obtained with PFDS. Thus the PFDS process is more efficient from an economical and an environnemental point of view
Gumez, Laurie. "Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques du tendon altéré par l'absence du facteur de transcription TIEG1 (TGFβ inducible Early Gene 1)." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1917.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to characterize the physico-chemical properties of tendon altered by TIEG1 gene (TGF-β Inducible Early Gene 1). The effect of this gene was analyzed at the cellular and molecular levels for the dorsal tail tendon and Achilles tendon extracted from WT and TIEG1 KO female mice C57BL/6. The molecular organization of collagen inside tendon fibers was analyzed with synchrotron and the collagen amount was determined from hydroxyproline assays. In parallel, expression analysis of genes involved in the development of tendon extracellular matrix was performed by qRT-PCR on 1, 3 and 8 months old fibroblasts. Then, molecular and chemical compositions were determined with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) techniques on tendon surface. In addition, the internal molecular composition was quantified by FTIRM (Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy) technique, requiring the development of experimental protocols. The results revealed that the absence of TIEG1 gene induced a disorganization of the collagen structure, a significant decrease in the amount of collagen as well as differences in gene expression. Moreover, the comparison of the internal and external molecular composition is different according to the type of tendon (tail tendon vs Achilles tendon) and genotype (WT vs TIEG1 KO). These data allow us to characterize the role of TIEG1 on tendon structure in order to design new therapeutics
Millard-Pinard, N. "Du couplage des techniques d'analyse par faisceaux d'ions et des méthodes de caractérisation physico-chimique à l'étude des effets d'irradiation sur le comportement des matériaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007297.
Full textGrancher, Nicolas. "Vectorisation de la ribavirine par les cyclodextrines : caractérisation physico-chimique des complexes et activité in vitro et in vivo sur le virus de la rougeole." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11301.
Full textLemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Full textSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface
Lemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Full textSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface