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Academic literature on the topic 'Caractérisation génétique, protéomique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caractérisation génétique, protéomique"
Verdon, Quentin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des transporteurs lysosomaux orphelins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS144/document.
Full textWithin lysosomes, about sixty different hydrolases degrade macromolecules. This degradation is dependent on the acidity of the lysosomal lumen, which pH ranges between 4.5 and 5.0. The lysosomal pH is maintained by the v-ATPase, a proton pump. Lysosomal degradation generates catabolites, which can be recycled to cytosol by secondary active transporters: lysosomal transporters.The dysfunction of lysosomal proteins leads to lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), rare inherited metabolic diseases characterised by accumulation of material inside lysosomes. Depending on the mutated gene, symptoms of LSDs vary greatly, although about half of LSD patients display some kind of neurodegenerative symptoms. Studying the physiopathology of LSDs has led to a good understanding of the function of lysosomal enzymes, but the knowledge of lysosomal transporters remain poor, since only a few LSDs has been shown to be linked with a mutation in a lysosomal transporter gene.I focused on two proteins which dysfunction causes a special type of LSDs: CLN3 and CLN7. Mutations in CLN3 and CLN7 cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a special type of LSD which has mostly neurodegenerative symptoms and which is characterized by the accumulation of a specific pigment inside lysosomes: lipofuscin. There are fourteen NCL genes, but CLN3 and CLN7 are the two only proteins of the family which are resident proteins of the lysosomal membrane, suggesting they might be transporters.Amino acids were screened as possible substrates for CLN7, but none could be shown to be transported. For CLN3, the content in metabolites of lysosomes from Cln3-deficient mice and from WT mice were compared by mass spectrometry, revealing a specific decrease in the amount of catabolites of proteins in lysosomes from Cln3-deficient mice. This suggested a lack of lysosomal proteolysis, which was checked in neurons, in primary fibroblasts and in immortalized fibroblasts. These results suggested that CLN proteins could take part to a metabolic pathway important for lysosomal proteolysis and, more generally, for neuronal health. These results could help improve the understanding of the early steps of NCL physiopathology.To extend the number of candidates for lysosomal transporters, I took part to the validation step of an extensive proteomic study of the lysosomal membrane, which revealed forty-six new candidates for lysosomal transporters. I studied in more details TMEM104, SPINSTER, MFSD1, SLC37A2, TTYH3 and SNAT7. Proteins were overexpressed in HeLa cells to check for lysosomal localization. Then, their putative sorting motifs were mutated to misroute their expression to plasma membrane and to enable their functional study. No function could elucidate for the first five candidates.SNAT7 could not be misrouted to plasma membrane either, but, since it belonged to a family of transporters for glutamine, its function was studied by an indirect assay based on a lysosomal overload in amino acids and a direct transport measure on lysosome-enriched cellular fractions. Thus, SNAT7 was shown to be a lysosomal transporter selective for glutamine and asparagine.The function of SNAT7 is the nutrition of cancer cells was then studied. Many cancer cells use glutamine as their main source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Because of insufficient blood supply, they use macropinocytosis to uptake extracellular proteins, which degradation in lysosomes generates glutamine. Then, glutamine is recycled to the cytosol. SNAT7 was shown to be critical in this process: in glutamine-dependent cancer cells, when SNAT7 expression is reduced, cells cannot obtain glutamine from extracellular proteins. Thus, blocking SNAT7 is a promising approach to target specifically the metabolism of cancer cells
Saulia, Emmrick André. "Cyanobactéries diazotrophes du Pacifique Sud : variabilité saisonnière, caractérisation morpho-génétique/chimique et potentiel de valorisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NCAL0003.
Full textThe southwest Pacific Ocean and the waters of New Caledonia are characterized by high abundances of cyanobacteria. Among these cyanobacteria, some have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2), and are called diazotrophic cyanobacteria. These organisms are known to contain high added value metabolites and nutrients in varying proportions, which give them potential for economic development that may be of interest to New Caledonia. Several of these cyanobacteria have been isolated in culture from the coastal and offshore waters of the Southwest Pacific, but the precise characterization of their diversity and their potential for recovery are still unknown. With a view to a better knowledge of diversity and a possible economic valuation, the objectives of this doctoral work were (i) to study the seasonal variability of the diversity / activity of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the lagoon of Noumea, (i) to carry out a morphogenetic and proteomic characterization of indigenous strains recently isolated in culture and (iii) to evaluate their potential for valorization
Froidure, Solène. "Identification et caractérisation d'interacteurs d'AtMYB30, un facteur de transcription impliqué dans la régulation de la réponse hypersensible chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1713/.
Full textAtMYB30, a member of the MYB-R2R3 transcription factor family, is a positive regulator of the hypersensitive cell death associated to plant response to pathogen attack. This thesis has focused on the search and characterization of AtMYB30 interacting partners. In a previous yeast two-hybrid screen, two AtMYB30 putative interacting proteins had been identified: a secretory phospholipase A2 (AtsPLA2-a) and a RING finger protein with a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase function (MIP1). AtsPLA2-a and MIP1 physically interact with AtMYB30 in planta and have been characterized as negative regulators of AtMYB30-mediated resistance responses. Finally, a proteomic approach was used to identify new AtMYB30 interacting partners. Functional validation of these AtMYB30 putative partners is in progress
Cetin, Semih. "Caractérisation moléculaire du mécanisme de dégradation des microARN par un transcrit cible." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ105/document.
Full textSeveral regulatory mechanisms have been uncovered at every level of the biogenesis and the activity of miRNAs. However, there is less information about the regulation of the stability of miRNAs. The PhD project entailed the study of a process, which specifically enables the degradation of a cellular miRNA (miR-27) induced by a viral transcript (m169) during an infection by the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). This miRNA is destabilized by a process called ‘target-RNA directed miRNA degradation’ (TDMD). I first undertook the study and the characterization of the molecular determinants and the cellular factors implicated in TDMD. Moreover, I started to set up a protocol in order to identify AGO2 partners of viral or host origin during MCMV infection, which would potentially be implicated in TDMD
Bourguet, Maxime. "Développements méthodologiques en spectrométrie de masse structurale pour la caractérisation de complexes biologiques multiprotéiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF013.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on developing methods in structural mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize complex protein systems, given their size and their heterogeneity, frequently inaccessible by classical biophysic approaches. In this context, methodological developments have particularly focused on the characterization of protein complexes involved in ribosomes biogenesis and transcriptional regulation. These fundamental cellular processes are related to numerous diseases such as cancers and genetic diseases. Thus native MS, crosslink, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to MS (HDX-MS) allowed gaining insights about the stoechiometry, spatial proximities and conformational dynamics of studied systems. Among these approaches, HDX-MS enables a comparative approach based on deuterium incorporation measurements giving information about the conformational dynamics of labeled proteins in various experimental conditions. Finally, the combination of structural approaches enables to deeply characterize complex protein systems, highlighting the advantages of an integrative approach in this context
Chaib, Jamila. "Caractérisation des déterminants génétiques et moléculaires de composantes de la texture du fruit de tomate." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0005.
Full textSrour, Ola. "Caractérisation de protéines interagissant avec eIF4E, phosphorylées par TOR et modulant l’initiation de la traduction coiffe-dépendante chez Arabidopsis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ091.
Full textThe target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved kinase that is a critical sensor of nutritional and cellular energy and a major regulator of cell growth. TOR controls cap-dependent translation initiation, in particular the assembly of the eIF4F complex, by modulating the activity of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). In their unphosphorylated state 4E-BP proteins sequester eIF4E and repress translation. Upon phosphorylation by TOR, 4E-BPs have a low affinity binding to eIF4E and are replaced by eIF4G thus activating translation initiation. 4E-BPs have been discovered in yeast and mammals but remain to be obscure in plants. Here, we identified and characterized two Arabidopsis proteins termed TOR Regulatory Proteins (ToRPs 1 and 2) that display some characteristics of mammalian 4E-BPs. ToRP1 and ToRP2 contain a canonical eIF4E-binding motif (4E-BM) found in mammalian 4E-BPs and Arabidopsis eIF4G and eIFiso4G. ToRP1 interacts with eIF4E, and, surprisingly, the N-terminal HEAT domain of TOR in the yeast two-hybrid system. ToRP1 and ToRP2 are highly phosphorylated at several phosphorylation sites in TOR-dependent manner in planta. Two of these phosphorylation sites have been identified as—S49 and S89—their phosphorylation status modulates ToRP1 binding to eIF4E in the yeast two-hybrid system. In plant protoplasts, ToRP2 can function as translation repressor of mRNAs that are strictly cap-dependent. Our results suggest that ToRPs can specifically bind the Arabidopsis cap-binding proteins (eIF4E/eIFiso4E) and regulate translation initiation under the control of TOR
Chambard, Marie. "Analyse génomique de l'ADN extracellulaire du Root Extracellular Trap (RET) et caractérisations omiques des "root Associated Cap-Devrived Cells" (AC-DC) chez le soja Glycine max (L.) Merr.1917." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR020.
Full textSoybean, a crop of Normand and world agronomic interest, is threatened by numerous phytopathogens like the oomycete Phytophthora sojae Kaufm. & Gerd., wich generate high levels of economical losses. The RET (root extracellular trap) is located at the root apex and is composed of border cells or AC-DC (root associated cap-derived cells) and their mucilage. This mucilage is made up of glycomolecules, proteins or also extracellular DNA (exDNA). The RET play a role in root protection against biotic stresses. In order to better understand the role of the RET in root protection, a transcriptomic and a proteomic analysis where done on AC-DC and roots in controle condition and in elicited condition with PEP-13 (an elicitor from Phytophthora sp.). The results show a specificity of AC-DC compared to the root, and an answer to PEP-13 wich seems to be different between these two tissues. An other experiment was to sequence RET exDNA in controle and elicited conditions, in order to define the origin of this exDNA. We show that the coverage of mitochondrial and plastidial DNA where much better than the coverage of chromosomic DNA. It could mean that chromosomic DNA isn’t conserved as well as organelles DNA, or exDNA could originate from organelles. Furthermore, results seems to show no differences between the sequences of elicited or control exDNA