Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caractérisation des assemblages'
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Sellem, Eric. "Caractérisation probabiliste des assemblages hyperstatiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0903.
Full textLélias, Guillaume. "Assemblages collés : modélisation, simulation et caractérisation expérimentale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0014/document.
Full textIn the frame of an internal research program called JoSAT (Joint Stress Analysis Tool), SogetiHigh Tech has suggested developing since 2008 a simplified tool for the stress analysis ofadhesively bonded joints. This tool allows for the distribution of both the internal forces anddisplacements in the adherends as well as the adhesive stresses along the overlap to beestimated from specified loads and boundary conditions, and has the advantage of beingextremely time saving compared to conventional Finite Element (FE) analyses.In 2011, this tool was extended to support adhesive material nonlinearities in the form ofspecified adhesive stress-strain evolution laws. However the theory developed wasdemonstrated as valid for the Single-Lap Joint (SLJ) configuration only, and limited to smalllevels of adhesive material nonlinearities. In this context, the objective of the thesis is double. First, extend and validate the simplified tool for the analysis of adhesively bonded joints in the case of nonlinear adhesive as well asadherends stress-strain constitutive behaviors. Then, suggest and develop experimentalprotocols for the characterization of the cohesive properties of thin adhesive layers so that thesimplified tool can be sustained with relevant experimental data in terms of adhesive stressstainconstitutive relationships
Lacroix, Cyril. "Caractérisation géométrique des assemblages flexibles par la mesure." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0031/document.
Full textThe emergence of composite materials in aeronautics leads to lighter structures. However, these new materials induce new constraints to the assembly process. The adaptation is not yet complete. Indeed many operations are necessary to respect the new requirements, but are considered as non-productive. In the context of the European project LOCOMACHS, an assembly simulation tool is developed to limit the use of these operations. This thesis relates to the validation, from the measure, of the models used for flexible assembly simulation. A method to evaluate the geometry of a flexible component is implemented. The method compensates, by simulation, the effects of the environment on the component during its measurement. A sensitivity analysis of the method against changes in various measurement parameters and simulation parameters is performed in order to define a framework for implementation. Parameters of the model used to perform the compensation by simulation are not representative of the actual behavior. A modal analysis of deviations to a chosen reference geometry contributes to the adjustment of these parameters. This reference geometry is obtained by a reversal method applied in a flexible context to cancel some of the effects of the environment on the measured geometry of the component. The gap between the assembled components is the geometric key characteristic in an assembly of aeronautical composite structure. The assembly simulation, from measuring data of flexible components, enables to evaluate the gap between the components prior to assembly. Gap measurement methods in an assembly of flexible components are proposed, and they have been experimentally performed. The comparison of measured and simulated gaps highlights the performance of the simulation tool, and the difficulties in modeling actual measurement environment and actual assembly environment
Sauvage, Jean-Baptiste. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l’adhérence dans les assemblages collés." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9553/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of a mechanical test for the characterization of the practical adhesion of an adhesive to a substrate. The aim is to study the different methods of characterization of the adhesive strength in bonded joints and to model the associated behaviour. The first part of the thesis consists of a bibliographic study of the mechanical tests to characterize this adhesive strength. These tests are classified by distinguishing them in propagation or in initiation of rupture. This state of the art demonstrates the advantage of using the 3-point bending and the butt joint tests for this study. The second part of the thesis presents the different materials and the various surface treatments used to vary the adhesion of adhesives to the substrate. The third part presents the core of this thesis work which is the 3-point bending test. The study shows that this 3-point bending test leads systematically to initiate a localizable adhesive rupture on the surface of the substrate, at least for the adhesives used in our study. An energy approach of the test allows to determine an adhesion criterion independent of the physical parameters of the materials and dimensions of the specimen. On the other hand, it has been shown that the thinner the substrate, the more precise the results of the adhesive strength. Finally, a fourth part is devoted to numerical modelling by the finite element method. The results obtained show that opening constraint in mode I is that which controls the rupture. In conclusion, the 3-point bending test clearly allows to measure the energy of the adhesive rupture initiation
Mungwa, Martin. "Structures mixtes bois-béton : caractérisation de connecteurs." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0071.
Full textRecent advances in modern construction have led to the systematic use of combined concrete slab and timber beams as a horizontal load bearing structural component, the latter playing an identical role as steel beams in a composite concrete steel floor. Unfortunately the well-established rules governing the design of shear connectors for structural composite concrete-steel floors cannot be applied directly to wood-concrete composite structural elements due to the nature of the bond that exists between wood and connecting elements. Thus the thesis was aimed at investigating the mechanical behavior of two types of shear connector using static tests. They consisted of a dowel-type connector with a metal base plate and a tubular connector. Using a shear test rig preliminary lateral and axial resistance of different nails, screws with and without disc springs as well as punched metal plates were investigated. These were compared with Eurocode 4 recommendations and the observations led to the design and testing of standardized pushout specimens for both connector types according to the provisions of Eurocode 4. Two predictive techniques were developed to account for the serviceability limit state as well as the ultimate resistance of the connectors. For the former, an elastic model was used to predict the load-deformation characteristics of the dowel through an exact stiffness formulation of a beam on elastic foundation. While the ultimate resistance was based on a modified Johansen yield model. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results were found to be in good agreement
Deschaux-Beaume, Frédéric. "Matériaux et assemblages hétérogènes : de l'élaboration à la caractérisation mécanique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807735.
Full textFuseau, Christelle. "Caractérisation thermomécanique des assemblages mixtes métal/composite et métal/polymère." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2329.
Full textHattali, Lamine. "CARACTÉRISATION ET MODÉLISATION THERMO-MÉCANIQUES DES ASSEMBLAGES MÉTAL-CÉRAMIQUE ÉLABORÉS PAR THERMOCOMPRESSION." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505340.
Full textLartigau, Julie. "Caractérisation du comportement des assemblages par goujons collés dans les structures bois." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922998.
Full textNze, René-Ponce. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'auto-assemblages de copolymères à blocs amphiphiles photo-réticulables." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1029/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is a first step to develop flower-like and hyperbranched polymers by selfassembling and crosslinking of associative triblock copolymers in selective solvents. The second aim is to study structural and dynamic properties of these architectures in solution by light scattering and rheology on a broad range of concentrations. The first part of this work consisted in synthesizing triblock copolymers based on polybutadiene (PB), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by end-capping them with crosslinkable solvophobic blocks; poly(dimethyl maleimido ethyl acrylate) (PDMIEA) and poly(methacryloyloxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), respectively. The second part of this work consisted in elaborating flowers-like and hyperbranched polymers (HyperMac) by self-assembling the PAME7-b-PEO270-b-PAME7 copolymer in water, followed by crosslinking the micelles cores in order to freeze the structures. Light scattering revealed that the size of the objects depended on the concentration at which the polymers were crosslinked. Local dynamics and osmotic compressibility were independent of the architecture (star, flower or HyperMac) at high concentrations. In addition, a self-similarity of the structures was observed regardless their types. Rheology measurements showed an increase of viscosity with the size and the branching degree of the architectures. The concentration dependence of the viscosity was the same for star- and flower-like polymer in water
Gosselin, Mathilde. "Caractérisation mécanique et microstructurale des adhésifs thermiques utilisés dans les assemblages de microélectronique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1488.
Full textCharlot, Aurélia. "Assemblages supramoléculaires à base de hyaluronane modifié chimiquement : synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10187.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the synthesis and the physical-chemistry characterization of new supramolecular assemblies based on a natural polysaccharide, hyaluronan (HA). The assemblies result from the blend of complementary modified polymers and more precisely from specific multivalent interactions between host molecules, β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) and guest molecules, hydrophobic adamantanes (AD), each being grafted on HA chains. Two different systems were prepared to estimate the influence of the junction energy. The resulting mixtures are stabilized either by single inclusion β-CD/AD complexes or by pairs of inclusion complexes. Calorimetric titration experiments allowed to analyse the inclusion properties of host and guest molecules and macromolecules. The aqueous behaviour of modified polysaccharides and the viscoelastic properties were studied by flow and dynamic rheology. These assemblies are sensitive to external parameters such as salt concentration, polymer concentration, temperature and addition of competitive host molecules. They are transient networks and their dynamic is mainly controlled by the number and the exchange rate of effective inclusion complexes as well as by the mobility of HA chains
Bui, Thanh Quang. "Caractérisation de l'amorçage de fissure dans les assemblages collés : application à l'adhérence moléculaire renforcée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4729/document.
Full textDirect bonding by molecular adhesion is a bonding technique based on joining two surfaces into direct contact without the use of any adhesives or additional material. Such an operation requires the surfaces that are to be bonded to be sufficiently smooth and for them to be sufficiently close together to allow contact to be initiated. Mechanical characterization of this type of assembly with classical mechanical test as for instance wedge test, cleavage test or double shear test present a highly defects sensitivity on mechanical results.The first objective of this work concerns the design and the development of a new test for the analysis of crack initiation in order to obtain results less dispersed than conventional tests particularly for fragile adhesives with small thickness as molecular bonding. Only the mode I was investigated and an experimental device based on modified DBC classical test is proposed to study crack initiation with different edge geometries (homogeneous, high stress concentration).The second objective proposed, in starting from the different experimental results obtained, to compare some approaches (PSC, CC, MZC) to predict crack initiation for fragile adhesives and in particular for molecular bonding. The idea is to propose a simple methodology for engineers in order to predict fracture in an assembly bonded with an adhesive thickness close to zero
Phongphinittana, Ekkarin. "Assemblages composites-polymères après traitement par plasma atmosphérique du composite : caractérisation mécaniques et modélisation." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0070.
Full textFollowing the proposals of the European Commission, to achieve the goals of emission reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) from cars. To achieve this objective, automakers must reduce the weight of the car. Thus the supplier Faurecia, manufacturer of car seats desires to replace metal structures by structure plastic-metal hybrid (PMH). And they desire also to use a composite material to replace metal in order to reduce weight. Moreover in order to improve the adhesion strength at the interface piece hybrid structure,Atmospheric plasma technique was used.In this context, we studied the effects of plasma treatment on term of adhesion in the hybrid structure in order to provide the best condition of treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of plasma treatment by determination at the parameters in the process such as the scanning speed, the distance between the substrate and the plasma torch and the number of passes of the torch, then to predict the initiation of delamination under quasi-static loading test in specimen of single lap shear by using the criterion of rupture. The other objective was to study the micromechanical model to assess the reliability of them. And they will be applied to predict the mechanical behavior of Short Glass Fiber reinforced thermoplastic. In order to achieve the objectives presented, the several tests such as tensile test, single lap shear test and ARCAN-Mines test have been executed. In parallel, techniques acoustic emission (AE), infrared radiation (IR) and optical microscopy were used in order to follow the failure mechanisms of the specimen studied. Finally, the finite element method was used to simulate the tests and allow to verify the reliability of the failure criterion
Pierron, Quentin. "Caractérisation de la fatigue des assemblages soudés soumis à des chargements à amplitude variable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03920237.
Full textIn the automotive field, engineers are designing lighter and more reliable parts to meet new emissions standards. Arc-welded parts of the chassis must be resistant to fatigue despite relatively thin steel sheet. To assess welded joints fatigue, constant amplitude loadings are used: for fatigue characterization of materials and assemblies but also for mechanical field calculations. However, in-service loadings are very different. Bumps on the road, cornering and braking induce complicated time evolutions of the loading. Several models translate the complex evolution of efforts into an equivalent constant amplitude loading. Among these models, linear cumulative damage model consider that the damage created by a loading cycle is independent on the previous loading. However, this fact is contradicted by most of the literature results. This hypothesis can lead to significant design errors. Alternative damage accumulation models from the literature are evaluated. Moreover, thin welded structures are tested to determine how the damage accumulates under variable amplitude loading. Care has been taken to design, instrument, model and understand these tests. The effects of residual deformation due to welding and specimens clamping are analyzed and considering. To follow indirectly the damage evolution, dissipation is identified from temperature field measurement. It is an extension of the method of characterization of the fatigue limit by self-heating to finite life domain for welded structures under variable amplitude loading. These tests reveal two opposing effects of nonlinear damage accumulation. On the one hand, overloads create residual compression stresses that increase the life of welded joints. On the other hand, the repetition of overloads prevents the occurrence of local elastic shakedown. Considering these tests, recommendations are finally given for the choice of relevant fatigue tests loadings and damage accumulation models suitable for welded structures
Bernat, Valérie. "Caractérisation de systèmes mixtes α-cyclodextrine/lipide lyotrope." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114821.
Full textIn this work, the aim was to investigate the interactions between two families of molecules which can be individually organizing a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies. The first family is the cyclodextrins which are known for their ability to form host-guest inclusion complexes with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds, changing most of chemical and physical properties of the guest molecules. The second family is the polar lipids which are known for their ability to organize spontaneously into a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies including liquid crystalline structures of different topologies such as a cubic, hexagonal or lamellar structures, micelles, microemulsions and vesicles. We were more particularly interested in buildings formed from two types of lipids having several properties of solubility in water: the first is a non-ionic alkyl glycosides, the octyl β-D-glucopyranoside, and, the secondly is polar lipids of class II, the phosphatidylcholine
Fortin, Elodie. "Microscopie électrochimique pour l'élaboration et la caractérisation de bio-assemblages sur électrode : application aux biopuces." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011491.
Full textun nouveau matériau carboné d'électrode, le diamant dopé bore (BDD), et (ii) l'utilisation
d'un nouvel outil, la microscopie électrochimique à balayage (SECM), afin de fonctionnaliser
des surfaces avec des sondes oligonucléotidiques et de détecter le phénomène d'hybridation.
Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons la dualité d'utilisation de la microscopie
électrochimique en tant qu'outil de fonctionnalisation et de caractérisation de surfaces. Par
mode direct de la SECM, en utilisant la microélectrode en tant que contre-électrode, des
spots de polypyrrole-oligonucléotide de taille micrométrique sont déposés sur un substrat
d'or. Cette méthode d'élaboration est optimisée en étudiant l'hybridation des spots en
microscopie de fluorescence. La présence de ces spots sur la surface est ensuite détectée en
mode feedback de la SECM via la différence de conductivité entre le polypyrroleoligonucléotide
et l'or. Puis, le phénomène d'hybridation est étudié par mode feedback par la
précipitation d'un produit isolant sur la surface formé par une réaction catalysée par la
peroxydase couplée par l'intermédiaire d'un assemblage biologique à l'oligonucléotide
complémentaire. Enfin, cette technique électrochimique est couplée à une méthode optique,
l'imagerie de résonance plasmonique de surface (SPRi), afin de visualiser en temps réel
l'étape de structuration de la surface d'or par des spots d'oligonucléotides ou par des
gradients de surface d'oligonucléotides.
Dans un second temps, nous présenterons l'étude des réactions d'oxydation des
nucléosides, la 2'-désoxyguanosine et la 2'-désoxyadénosine, sur une électrode de diamant
dopée bore oxygéné. Nous montrerons ainsi l'intérêt de ce nouveau matériau carboné
d'électrode pour cette application en raison de sa large fenêtre d'électroinactivité en milieu
aqueux et son faible et stable courant de fond. Puis, nous mettrons en évidence la formation
d'un film continu constitué des produits de ces réactions d'oxydation sur l'électrode par une
étude macroscopique à l'aide de voltamétries cycliques d'une sonde redox, et une étude à
l'échelle microscopique en utilisant le microscope électrochimique à balayage.
Gineste, Bernard. "Assemblages de structures en matériaux composites par stratification d'un élément de liaison caractérisation de l'endommagement." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2076.
Full textGaillard, François. "Collage des aciers inoxydables : traitement de surface, caractérisation, mesures d'adhérence." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10043.
Full textChassaigne, Adrien. "Contribution à la conception des assemblages mécaniques utilisant des matériaux fortement dissipatifs." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC020.
Full textDynamics of complex structures with dissipative materials is an high stake for mechanical design and optimization. Polymeric materials are commonly used in this way. These materials are effective in various industry, but mastering their use comes up against technological limitations. One of these limitation is the characterization of mechanical properties as a function of frequency and this thesis deals with it. Two contributions are provided in this experimental research work. The first one concerns the time–temperature superposition principle. This principle makes it possible to extend the mechanical properties measured over a restricted frequency range from data obtained at different temperatures. This widespread method is unfortunately not valid for many polymeric materials. It is the reason why innovative structural adhesives are studied in order to characterize the limits of the principle of time-temperature equivalence. The approach is carried out using data from a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) conducted on a commercial test bench. The second contribution are part of the first one and represents the main objective of this thesis. An innovative DMA bench is developed for the characterization of polymers over wide frequency ranges without requirements of the principle of time-temperature equivalence. The bench performances are precisely assessed through a characterization campaign conducted on polymer adhesives
Bessières, Emilie. "Caractérisation biochimique de structures macromoléculaires induites durant l'infection de cellules par le rotavirus." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066349.
Full textLejeune, Elise. "Synthèse, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de copolymères diblocs amphiphiles : vers des assemblages à dynamique stimulable." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1023.pdf.
Full textAn Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer is a copolymer based on a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic one. When dissolved in water, the hydrophobic blocks self-assemble within aggregates which can lead to a range of different structures (spheres, cylinders, lamellae). Despite their chemical similarity with molecular surfactants, amphiphilic diblock copolymers behave differently in aqueous solution. They exhibit slower kinetic of exchange between aggregates and non associated chains (unimers) and are mostly described as “frozen” since there is no dynamic equilibrium with the unimers. This has been attributed to the glassy nature of the core in the case of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers for example (TgPS~100°C). However, with a soft hydrophobic block, such as poly(n-butyl acrylate) (TgPnBA~-55°C), the aggregates are also frozen. A key parameter to consider seems to be the interaction parameters ? either between both blocks and/or between the hydrophobic block and the solvent. Indeed, a dynamic exchange of the unimers between aggregates requires the hydrophobic block to go through the hydrophilic corona and then through the aqueous solution. The aim of this work was then to decrease this interaction parameter to transform frozen aggregates into dynamic ones. Our strategy was to incorporate hydrophilic units into the hydrophobic block in a controlled manner and to study the consequences on the self-assembling properties of the diblocks. We worked with P(nBA)-b-PAA block copolymers in which we incorporated AA units in the PnBA block. The synthesis of those copolymers was achieved by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) in 3 steps: first nBA and tBA were copolymerized to lead to a macroinitiator which was then engaged in a second polymerization to form a PtBA block. Finally the AA units were obtained by a selective acidolysis of the tBA units to obtain P(nBA-co-AA)-b-PAA copolymers. Secondly, the organization of the diblocks was studied in bulk using DSC measurement and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Then, the influence of an external stimulus, the ionization degree of the AA units, was studied. Titration experiments were performed to verify that all the AA units could be ionized, including those contained in the moderately hydrophobic P(nBA-co-AA) block. Finally, we studied the influence of different parameters such as the chemical structure, the pH and the ionic strength, on the self-assembly of those copolymers in aqueous solution. We used different techniques, especially light scattering (LS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), to determine whether the aggregates are dynamic or not
Moreaud, Laureen. "Synthèse, auto-assemblage et caractérisation d'architectures colloïdales hybrides plasmons-émetteurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30193.
Full textThis thesis proposes several approaches to control the structure of hybrid assemblies from element synthesis to self-organization and studies their emerging optical properties. In the first part we show that we can control the coupling in two ways. Either by functionalizing gold nanoparticles with a ligand able to recognize and immobilize the emitters or by creating a scaffolding biomolecule carrying fluorescent and plasmonic particle grafting sites. In the first case, a synthesis of gold prisms in the presence of artificial proteins, possibly biotinylated, covering their surface is carried out. The size and shape of the prisms determine the desired spectral properties of the plasmon resonances. Their high sensitivity to a variation of their dielectric environment (300 nm / RIU) allowed the detection of streptavidin on an individual prism. Alternatively, the engineering of a pair of artificial proteins whose strong mutual interaction triggers spontaneous precipitation. Transmission electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-TEM) and X-ray scattering characterization show the precise formation of tubular supercoils 5.8 nm in diameter and several microns in length. The amino acids of these proteins can be modified to graft different particles. The second part of this manuscript deals with a new synthesis, structural characterization, and photo-physical properties of Aun gold clusters with 4 = n = 25. These are made stable, in aqueous solutions, by functionalization with thiols. terminal function pegylates, including biotin. White fluorescence under broadband excitation and high quantum efficiency (up to 27%) make this mixture a promising emitter for hybrid structures. These Aun-biotin, but also biotinylated nanodiamonds, were attached to the protein gold prisms above. The proteins on the surface of the prisms make it possible to control locally and specifically the grafting of emitters at 5 nm from the gold surface. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the optical properties of plasmonic structures alone then coupled to emitters. A comparison of hyperspectral images of dark-field scattering and cathodoluminescence in TEM, backed by a digital study combining Green's dyadic method and that of the finite elements, makes it possible to identify the bright and dark plasmons modes to which the photons emitted by fluorophores, depending on their position
Dagorn, Noëlig. "Caractérisation expérimentale de la rupture d'interfaces collées sous chargement dynamique multiaxial." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0011.
Full textAdhesive joints are widely developed in aeronautical applications. These bonded assemblies have to support dynamic impact sollicitations and failure has to be predicted. The material viscous failure mechanisms in the adhesive are rate sensitive. Moreover, the joint failure usually occurs under a mixed-mode combination of traction and shear loading. However, current cohesive zone models do not take into account the possible coupling between loading rate-dependency and the mode mixity. The aim of this work is consequently to characterize the fracture behaviour of adhesives under mixed mode dynamic loadings. For that purpose, a new experimental protocol is developed. With the same equipment, small variations of specimen's geometry are employed to cover the wide range from traction to shear loading. The dynamic loading is achieved using a servohydraulic testing machine. The validity of the protocol under quasi-static loading is experimentally confirmed by comparison to a reference test. The quasi-static fracture toughness and failure surfaces are found equivalent under shear mode II and mode III. Moreover, the fracture toughness is found to decrease when rising the loading rate, whatever the mode mixity. Finally, a failure criterion is defined to take into account both the rate and mixed mode in uence on the fracture toughness
Bakhma, Amina. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de tectons Janus pour le contrôle d’auto-assemblages moléculaires tridimensionnels fonctionnels sur HOPG." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066718.
Full textThe nanostructuration of surfaces by self-assembly of organic molecules (tectons) is an area that has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. If the control of the organization is a major issue in the field of nanoscience, the maintaining of the integrity of the electronic properties of adsorbed compounds by allowing the decoupling of functional entities from metallic surfaces is essential for some applications. In this context, a new approach (Janus tecton) combining not only the control of the 2D organization but also the control of the organization in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the third dimension, in order to decouple the molecules from their substrate has been developed. In this manuscript, we take advantage from previous concept of « Janus tectons » to put off the plan of the substrate photoactive compounds (chromophores) in order to obtain electronic or optoelectronic properties specific, and to study them by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Therefore, we synthesized originals pi-conjugated compounds containing two faces (A and B) connected by rigid bridge (pillar). The face A is designed to guide the 2D self-assembly on substrate of graphite HOPG (Highly Oriented Graphite Pyrolitic) and the face B is a functional entity (chromophore) to expose out of the plane in order to decouple it from the substrate and to preserve the electronic properties. One of the main criteria allowing the decoupling requires that the chromophore attached at the top of the pillar present an optical gap smaller than that of the base to prevent the excitation by energy transfer. To do this we have chosen as chromophores the oligothiophenes of varying size. The formation of 3D molecular nanostructures self-assembled well defined was obtained. The formation of 3D molecular nanostructures self-assembled well-defined was obtained for each of these compounds and a decoupling by nano-pillar has been observed for the compound containing six thiophene units as functional entity
Guignard, Jeremy. "Caractérisation texturale des assemblages Métal-Silicate lors de la différenciation des planétésimaux : Etude de météorites & Approche expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665648.
Full textAlfonso, Medina Hugo Leonardo. "Caractérisation et modélisation des assemblages multi-matériaux sous sollicitations mixtes quasi-statiques pour la conception des structures automobiles." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0118/document.
Full textNowadays, the emissions of CO2 due to the use of automobiles have reached critical levels causing global warming and health problems. In order to reduce these emissions, the French automotive industry has decided to reduce the car weight by means of the use of lighter materials such as composite materials. However, the classical joining techniques are not adapted to assembly these new materials to the structure of the car (aluminum and steel alloys). Therefore, the characterization and modeling of new joining techniques of dissimilar materials is a problem that has been treated in the current study.Four different joining techniques of dissimilar materials (metal/composite) have been studied: (i) stud bonding, (ii) laser welding, (iii) self-pierce riveting and (iv) adhesive bonding systems. Traditional lap-shear and cross-tension tests were used to characterize the first two joining techniques. Then, a new characterization test based on a modified Arcan device has been proposed to analyze the behavior of self-piercing rivet and adhesive bonding systems. Among all the four tested techniques, adhesive joints have been selected as the most adapted technique according to the requirements of the industry. Therefore, modified Arcan tests have been performed in order to determine the behavior of the adhesives of the study (Betamate1822 and Sikapower498). These tests were then used to propose and identify a new 3D non-linear viscoelastic spectral model. The identification procedure of the material parameters is only based on three multilevel creep tests, which permits the rapid dimensioning of adhesively bonded structures. Finally, the proposed behavior law was validated by the good concordance between the numerical predictions and the experimental curves of monotonic tests at different loading rates and increasing cyclic tests.The current study was developed in the framework of an automotive project. Nevertheless, the conclusions and prospects of the study can be extrapolated to other interesting fields
Guignard, Jérémy. "Caractérisation texturale des assemblages métal-silicate lors de la différenciation des planétésimaux : étude de météorites et approche expérimentale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1551/.
Full textMeteorites are samples of small parent bodies accreted in the first five million years of the solar system. The diversity of meteorites can be related to different thermal evolutions of their parent bodies, from thermal metamorphism to complete mantle/core differentiation. This thesis focuses on the silicate-metal relative mobility during heating, in particular for solid systems which approach or exceed the onset of silicate melting. Two approaches are considered. Firstly, the textural evolutions in natural meteorites have been quantified. Secondly, laboratory experiments have been performed in order to identify and understand the processes which govern these textural changes. A textural study of metal and sulphide grains in H-chondrites shows that as metamorphism grade increases, phases separate, change in shape and grow. This evolution occurs progressively, making it possible to define textural criteria that vary continuously across petrographic boundaries. This evolution is consistent with independent geochemical data and thermal model. We propose a new scale of metamorphism allowing the subdivision of types 4 to 6. Grain growth experiments have been performed in synthetic analogues of meteorites: the system forsterite+nickel±melt silicate (Fo:Ni±M). The synthesis of starting materials required special care. A new sintering technique, seldom used in geosciences, has been developed: Spark Plasma Sintering. Experimental results show that mechanisms of grain growth of Fo and Ni are largely dependent of proportion and composition of each phase. Finally, results are in good agreement with natural observations and can be used to precise thermal history of planetesimals
Destouesse, Villa Jaime. "Caractérisation et modélisation des joints de colles sous sollicitations bi-axiales statiques." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENTA0008/document.
Full textToday, structural bonding presents an interesting alternative to conventional methods of assembly, in order to reduce the weight within aeronautical structures. However, the use of this method raises many questions in terms of design, characterization or modeling. This work presents a robust experimental work, aiming two main objectives: (i) select the most suitable instrumentation for the characterization of the behavior of bonded joints up to failure and (ii) predict the behavior of bonded joints from complete characterization and modeling under quasi-static bi-axial loading, using a simple test, directly integrated to industry. In a first stage, to achieve this goal, modified Scarf test has been proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of adhesive joints. This type of specimen allows applying multiaxial loadings without having high-stress concentrations near the edges. The second part of the thesis deals with the development of a strategy for simplifying the characterization of a bonded joint using some hypotheses (stress/strain states). This strategy allows obtaining the intrinsic behavior of the adhesive in the form of the stress/strain curves. The last part of this work deals with the identification and selection of the most appropriate instrumentation systems in the experimental characterization
Basit, Hajra. "Interfaces fonctionnelles pour l'immobilisation de protéines membranaires : concept, caractérisation et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685163.
Full textCebulski, Laurent. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique de la tenue mécanique des assemblages par rivets aveugles : application aux véhicules de transport guidé." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e5969303-30e8-4b80-8f52-a3c5d22de55b.
Full textRailway manufacturers use extensively the riveting process with blind rivets that let to make more modular structures. The rationalization of number and geometric distribution of the rivets is a priority to optimize the design of riveted structures in order to preserve the interest of this assembly process. The first chapter concerns the survey of the riveting process, with some riveting tests realised to quantify the fragilisation state induced by this process. These tests are used for the development of a fine numerical model intended to simulate this kind of assemblies. The second chapter deals with some quasi-static tests realized to study the mechanical behavior of riveted assemblies under two typical railway promptings : tension-shearing and cross-tension. The third chapter tackles the theme of multi-rivets assemblies. A methodology to set the data correctly, based on the use of numerical models previously developped, is proposed and applied on a complex industrial structure
Hupin, Sébastien. "Caractérisation d’auto-assemblages de polyoxométallates hybrides organiques-inorganiques par spectrométrie de mobilité ionique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR062.
Full textPolyoxometalates (POM) are anionic compounds formed by the assembly of metal oxide polyhedra {MOy}, (with M, MoVI or WVI) linked together by oxygen atoms. POM thus form a remarkable class of nanometric inorganic metal oxide clusters, with a wide variety of charges and structures. It is possible to form hybrid systems including the inorganic part of the POM and a grafted organic part, allowing new functionalities to be added to the POM, such as selfassembly. We have dedicated this thesis work to the characterization of standards, hybrid and self-assembled POM systems by mass spectrometry coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS-MS). A first experimental approach using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) allowed us to determine the collision cross sections (CCS) of standard POM in helium and nitrogen. The CCS of the POM standards then allowed us to calibrate an IMS cell of a Travelling Wave ion mobility instrument (TWIMS). The analysis by IMS-MS of organic-inorganic hybrid POMs alone or in the presence of transition metal cations revealed the presence of self-assembled triangular [POM3·cation3], square [POM4·cation4] or pentagonal [POM5·cation5] systems with different charge states. CCS values of these self-assemblies was estimated from the calibration of the TWIMS cell. Using a theoretical approach, we modelled several standard POM structures with and without tetrabutylammonium counterion (TBA+) using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized structures were used to determine theoretical CCS using the trajectory method of the MOBCAL software, in which we incorporated molybdenum and tungsten atoms for which we optimized new Lennard Jones potential parameters. The correspondence of experimental and theoretical CCS of standard POM structures offers new possibilities for structural attribution of self-assembled hybrid POM by coordination in the presence of metal cations
Langrand, Bertrand. "Contribution à la caractérisation numérique et expérimentale d'assemblages structuraux rivetés sous sollicitation dynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371017.
Full textYin, Suzhou. "Caractérisation par analyses thermiques de la polycondensation d'adhésifs aminoplastes et du durcissement de composites modèles bois-adhésif." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0068_YIN.pdf.
Full textFeuillet, Emilien. "Le procédé de report intermétallique en Phase Liquide Transitoire (TLPB) : du développement du procédé à la caractérisation des assemblages intermétalliques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0024/document.
Full textTo meet the future requirements of power electronics, the packaging technologies of power modules must withstand higher operation temperatures, higher than 200°C. However, an increase of the operation temperatures leads to a significant decrease of the solder joints reliability and thus to the failure of the power modules. That’s why the main objective of this PhD thesis is to develop an alternative bonding technic for high temperature applications: the Transient Liquid Phase Bonding process (TLPB) based on the copper-tin binary system. This process is very attractive because it allows the formation, at low temperature, of a joint entirely composed of intermetallic (IMC) compounds which are well known for their high thermal stability. To optimize the process, the influence of the main bonding parameters on the growth of the IMC phases has been first investigated. The results indicate that the deposition of an IMC diffusion barrier is required to alter the atomic diffusion motion at the interfaces between the Cu substrates and the Sn interlayer and to avoid the formation of large pores along the bond mid-plane. After the development of an innovative and optimal bonding process, the reliability of the IMC assemblies has been investigated through experimental tests and finite element simulations. The IMC joints show a higher thermal cycling reliability than the reference SnAgCu solder alloys. Hence, the IMC bonding process developed during this PhD thesis is an excellent alternative to the soft solder alloys for high temperature applications
Nguyen, Dang Huy. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la caractérisation du comportement des assemblages brasés : couplage des méthodes DAR et X-FEM." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1015/.
Full textLaminar assembly by the means of the brazing process is becoming widely used in the field of rapid tooling used for die casting, plastic injection moulding. . . In most applications, the brazed assembly must withstand the in-service mechanical and thermal solicitations. This research is a contribution to the modelling and the characterisation of the behaviour of brazed assembly in both mechanical and thermal aspects. The deficiencies of the classical modelling methods when modelling of a complex structure with localised variations is concerned led us to search for a new method to treat the problems of brazed assemblies. Considering the presence of the joint in the assembly as a perturbation in a broad structure, we have proposed the coupling of two methods: the matched asymptotic expansions method (DAR) and the extended finite element method (X-FEM). The construction of the enriched part of the X-FEM is derived into five variants of enrichment using the perturbation solutions obtained by the DAR method. The basic principles and methods of implementation of the DAR-X-FEM coupling have been presented through the one-dimensional example of brazed assembly. Applying the most appropriate variant of enrichment, the DAR-X-FEM coupling was subsequently extended to the two-dimensional case of brazed assemblies. The illustration of coupling DAR-X-FEM 2D was performed for two problems: heat transfer and mechanical loading. To better understand the behaviour of brazed assembly and to validate the results obtained by the coupling DAR-X-FEM, an experimental study has been presented. Firstly, high temperature brazing tests have been carried out. Secondly, the brazed specimens were tested to characterize both mechanical and thermal properties. Lastly, the comparison between the experimental and the simulation results confirmed all the interest of the proposed coupling DAR-X-FEM
Gallois-Montbrun, Delphine. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’édifices supramoléculaires mixtes cyclodextrine/lipide : cristallogénèse et analyse structurale de complexes d’inclusion, nano-assemblages de dérivés covalents." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0120.
Full textThis thesis work treats with the preparation of cyclodextrin and lipid based self assembled nanomaterials and its characterisation from the micro level down to the atomic level. Two different strategies have been developed for the sake of nanomaterial preparation. The first one consisted of the preparation of non covalent inclusion complexes where alpha-cyclodextrins were host molecules for single chained lipids. Four different columnar structures have been identified for the latter complexes using powder X-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that these nanomaterial structures are influenced by the i) lipid hydrocarbon chain length ii) the nature of the polar head group and iii) crystallisation conditions such as temperature of complexation reaction or crystallization kinetics. It was also shown that the compactness of the molecular structure is also a function of the hydration state of the complex (amount of bound water molecules in the structure). The characterisation of single crystals of some of those inclusion compounds, using both neutron and X-ray diffraction, permitted the determination of the molecular structure and hence the description of hydrogen bounds in the structure. The second strategy employed the synthesis of covalently bound fatty acids onto the primary face of bêta-cyclodextrin. In this fashion, statistically substituted amphiphiles have been obtained. Their capacities to self assemble in the aqueous phase for the formation of nanoparticles has been determined after their composition and degree of purity had been established. Finally the formulation condition permitting stable aqueous dispersions have been developed
Rousseville, Lucie. "Mise en place, développement, caractérisation et optimisation de dépôts chimiques de nickel et d’or, réalisés sans cyanure, pour l’application Under Bump Metallization." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2040.
Full textGarsi, Laure-Hélène. "Caractérisation de la biodiversité des post-larves ichtyques du littoral corse pour la gestion du milieu et des ressources halieutiques." Thesis, Corte, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CORT0018.
Full textThis thesis work is part of two European-funded research programs: the Life+ SUBLIMO(Life10 NAT/FR/000200), which aims to analyze, monitor and restore marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean and Fisheries Resources/Post-larvae(75/SAEU/FEDER/RD-34448), which aims to evaluate the impacts of some environmental factors on this biodiversity. In our study, we have developed a new identification method (APLIM: Alive Post Larvae Identification Method), which allows thedetermination of fishes post-larvaespecies, which is innovativefor Mediterranean taxa. This method brings different tools: captureof alive post-larvae, breedingintanks, photographic monitoring, and definition of meristic, morphological and pigmentary characteristics.Themethod providesdataabout80 species identified at post-larval stage, valued by the realization of an atlas grouping these informations. This atlas provides new knowledge, mainly in terms of fishing techniques, identification but also inaquaculture, which will be useful to marine professionals (fishermen, fish farmers, environmental manager) for sustainable management of fisheries resources and preservationof marine biodiversity. This guide aims to be a tool for improvedmanagement of future fish stocks. Specific post-larval assemblages of biodiversity show us the most contributing species for each studied site. In addition,we have noticed the ubiquitous presence of Mullus surmuletus. Spatial and temporal variations have highlighted differences between the continental and the Corsicanzones, but also a marked seasonality, especially in summer, through the elaboration of arrival calendarsfor individuals on coasts. However, the determination of preferred settlement habitats in coastal areas remains complicatedand the mechanisms that controlthem needto be defined.We observeda trophic succession of the three described compartments (phytoplankton, zooplanktonandpost-larvae). Then,we tested the interactions between these different compartments and determined the possible prey/predator relationships between the characterized groups. Barcoding DNA analyses of stomachcontents of mainly encountered families have made it possible to determine the different diets of coastalfishpost-larvae. Environmental parameters that seem to have the mostinfluence on arrivals on the Corsican coasts are temperature, winds and coastal currents
Benistand, Thibault. "Caractérisation mécanique des bois feuillus Français en vue de leur meilleure intégration aux Eurocodes 5." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0225.
Full textAlthough the French forest is composed of two-thirds of hardwoods and one-third of softwoods, timber construction mainly uses softwood species (fir, pine, spruce, douglas fir ...) that come from France and Europe. Design standard for wood construction (EUROCODE 5) is based on researches and publications carried out mainly on softwood in the last 70 years. A better valuation of hardwoods can only be done by conducting similar studies on these species. The aim of the ANR EFEUR 5 project is to improve the knowledge of mechanical properties of hardwoods with the highest potential (oak, beech and poplar) in order to remove the obstacles to their utilization in construction. In this perspective, this thesis focuses on the relation bewteen so-called secondary mechanical properties (tensile, compression and shear strength, etc.) as a function of the principal mechanical properties (bending strength, density and modulus of elasticity). In a second time the mechanical behavior of joints has been studied in order to reduce the number of dowels in joints made with hardwood. Finally, from the results, an analysis of the recovery routes for hardwood has been carried out and tested as part of a demonstrator project
Festjens, Hugo. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la modélisation du comportement dynamique des structures assemblées." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0028/document.
Full textAt first sight, riveted and bolted connections seem to be one of the simplest mechanical systems possible. The primary function of these elements is to provide a rigid clamping between the components they assemble. The designing of these parts to nominal static stresses is already quite mastered. However, engineers are still bothered when it comes to modeling these components which have been studied for more than 50 years. This paradox can be explained by the large damping ratios joints generate in structures. The vibration level of a system is directly related to its damping ratio, i.e. its ability to dissipate or store energy. In the field of transport, among others, vibrations are unwanted because they affect the comfort of the users or the integrity of structures. A good designing of jointed structures is likely to improve the vibration behavior of mechanical systems. Nowadays, numerical calculations allow for the computing of the modes but the damping is still measured, a posteriori, through expensive tests. This is explained by the multi-scale nature and the complexity of contact physics. That is why the dynamic behavior of assembled structures remains an area of study for researchers. The work of this thesis aims to provide practical solutions for the identification and the designing of reduced order models for the dynamics of assembled structures
Nguyen, Van Hai. "Etude et caractérisation d'une nouvelle connectique adaptée à l'intégration tridimensionnelle pour l'électronique de puissance." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1120/.
Full textThree-dimensional integration is a promising issue which allows improving simultaneously electrical performances (reduction of inductance stray and parasitic resistances) and thermal management (double sides' cooling) of power electronic modules. We propose a hybrid assembly method based on entanglement of copper nano wires. Its principle resides in the structure composed of two metallic surfaces on which nano copper wires are electroplated by template method using alumina membranes. Electro-thermo-mechanical interconnection is then achieved by pressing both surfaces together, thus leading to the permeation and the entanglement of the nano-wires. The study focuses, firstly, on improvement of making process of nano scratch assemblies. The implementation of process and its application on power components are presented. The connection is then characterized in mechanical, electrical, thermo-mechanical points of view. The results of these characterizations were used to optimize electrodeposition condition in an iterative approach. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of electrodeposition on the front side of power components. This allows imagining a new compact packaging 3D structure. It is, thus, possible to consider a simplification of pressured contact technology
Langrand, Bertrand. "Contribution a la caractérisation numérique et expérimentale d'assemblages structuraux rivetés sous sollicitation dynamique." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/be7d3137-d768-41f5-89ac-e08bad40b081.
Full textGhienne, Martin. "Conception et caractérisation de liaisons boulonnées pour la réduction robuste de vibrations de structures." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1146/document.
Full textPredictive models are needed to properly design assembled structures. The main issue with this kind of structure is to deal with non-linear phenomena as contact or friction while considering sources of uncertainties mainly responsible for the deviation between the effective behavior of the structure and results from deterministic simulations. This work aims to provide a pragmatic approach to characterize the vibrational behavior of light assembled structures considering the variability of parameters of the joints. This approach would be useful for robust design of solutions, such as solutions for damping vibrations, dedicated to assembled structures and taking into account the variability of the real behavior of each joint.In this work, the dynamical behavior of an actual light structure is studied in order to identify a "just sufficient" nominal model of the considered joints. A non intrusive approach is then proposed to reduce the vibrational stochastic model of a structure with random parameters is then proposed. This approach, referred as the SMR approach (for Stochastic Model Reduction approach), takes advantage of the order of variability of random eigenvectors which is usually lower than the variability of corresponding random eigenfrequencies. It then allows to significantly reduce the computational cost for a given accuracy to estimate the structure random eigenfrequencies. The cornerstone of this approach is to adapt the stochastic modeling to each random eigenfrequency depending on a global accuracy requirement on the whole set of sought random eigenfrequency. The key point is then to identify the stochastic model used for each configuration of random eigenfrequency. A computationally free indicator is then proposed. Finally, a stochastic mechanical model of the joints of the studied structure is proposed. The SMR approach is used in an optimization process based on the maximum likelihood principle to identify the parameters of this stochastic model. This last step allows to characterize the vibrational behavior of assembled structures involving many joints taking into account the variability of each joints. This work is then concluded by applying the proposed approach to the design of an original strategy for robust reduction of vibration of light structures
Jani, Imed. "Test et caractérisation des interconnexions 3D haute densité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT094.
Full textThe integration of multiple chips in a 3D stack serves as another path to move forward in the more-than-Moore domain. 3D integration technology consists in interconnecting the integrated circuits in three dimensions using inter-die interconnects (μ-bumps or Cu-Cu interconnects) and Through Silicon Vias (TSV). This changeover from horizontal to vertical interconnection is very promising in terms of speed and overall performances (RC delay, power consumption and form factor). On the other side, for technology development of 3D integration before the production of the 300 mm wafers with all FEOL and BEOL layers, several short-loops must been carried out to enable incremental characterization and structural test of 3D interconnects in order to evaluate the electrical performances (R, L, C …). In the other hand, the test of application circuits consists in adding testability features (Boundary-Scan-Cells (BSCs), Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) and scan chains …) for functional test of the hardware product design (including the different stacked dies and the 3D interconnections) . The added Design-For-Test (DFT) architecture make it easier to develop and apply manufacturing tests to the designed hardware. Compared to μ-bumps, Cu-Cu hybrid bonding provides an alternative for future scaling below 10μm pitch with improved physical properties but that generates new challenges for test and characterization; the smaller the Cu pad size, the more the fabrication and bonding defects have an important impact on yield and performance. Defects such as bonding misalignment, micro-voids and contact defects at the copper surface, can affect the electrical characteristics and the life time of 3D-IC considerably. Moreover, test infrastructure insertion for HD 3D-ICs presents new challenges because of the high interconnects density and the area cost for test features. Hence, in this thesis work, an innovative misalignment test structure has been developed and implemented in short-loop way. The proposed approach allows to measure accurately bonding misalignment, know the misalignment direction and estimate the contact resistance. Afterwards, a theoretical study has been performed to define the most optimized DFT infrastructure depending on the minimum acceptable pitch value for a given technology node to ensure the testability of high-density 3D-ICs. Furthermore, an optimized DFT architecture allowing pre-bond and post-bond for high-bandwidth and high-density 3D-IC application (SRAM-on-Logic) has been proposed. Finally, to assess performance of HD 3D-ICs, two complementary BISTs has been implemented in an application circuit using the same misalignment test structure developed above and a daisy chain of Cu-Cu interconnects. Using test results, on the one hand, the impact of misalignment defect on the propagation delay has been studied and on the other hand full open and μ-voids defects at the contact surface level has been detected
Menad, Samia. "Assemblage permanent de micro-objets par diélectrophorèse associée à une méthode de couplage covalent." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0037/document.
Full textThe design of micro and nanomaterials with controlled properties requires the development of new bottom- up assembly approaches. The work presented in this manuscript aims to control the formation of aggregates of colloidal particles and cells, with potential applications in the fields of biosensors, microelectronics, optics and tissue engineering. The proposed approach for assembling colloids into organized structures is based on the use of dielectrophoresis, a phenomenon observed when polarizable particles are placed in a non-uniform electric field. One of the drawbacks of this technique is the reversibility of the assemblies thus formed, the cancellation of the electric field causing the redispersion of the colloids. As a solution to this problem, we proposed to use a coupling agent to maintain the cohesion of the structures formed in the liquid medium. In order to better control the dielectrophoretic behavior and the chemical reactions exploited, electrical and chemical characterizations of the manipulated particles were carried out. Moreover, different types of microelectrodes have been studied for the generation of the electric field required for the assembly. A new approach has been developed for the fabrication of transparent micro patterned ITO microelectrodes and their integration in microfluidic systems, based on the exploitation of a thin micro-structured PDMS membrane used as an insulating layer. The method has been applied to the fabrication of "vertical" microelectrodes and of quadrupolar electrode arrays. The latter were used to obtain permanent assemblies of carboxylic acid functionalized, fluorescent, polystyrene particles, by combining negative dielectrophoresis with the use of a chemical coupling agent (Jeffamine). HEK 293 cell aggregates were also produced by negative dielectrophoresis. We have demonstrated that it was possible, under certain conditions, to preserve the permanent character of the cell aggregates after field removal
Li, An. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation d’éléments de batterie et de leurs assemblages : application aux véhicules électriques et hybrides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10021/document.
Full textAs part of the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, energy management in the battery pack is a major issue. Car manufacturers need a numerical model to represent the dynamic behavior of batteries. The objective of this work is to develop, on the one hand, a characterization method of the dynamic behavior of battery cells and their assemblies, and on the other hand the combined numerical models which are simple, fast, robust and with the best accuracy/simplicity compromise. The first part of the work is dedicated to develop a new experimental characterization method with an equivalent circuit model, which can be applied easily to different battery cells and allows calibrating the complexity of the model (number of the RC circuits) according to the measurement duration of the resting phase after a solicitation. Therefore, the generated model is able to follow the rapid and slow voltage change of the battery cell, which improves voltage and state of charge estimation for the BMS (Battery Management System) applications. The validation tests on different battery cells show that the generated model allows accurate prediction of the battery cell’s dynamic behavior. The second part of the work studies the cell assemblies with cells connected in series. It begins with an energy definition of the cell assembly. Then modelling of the assembly with the developed characterization method is discussed. The validation tests were carried out on different assemblies and show that the dynamic behavior of the assembly can be also well represented with the identified models
Joannès, Sébastien. "Caractérisation mécanique et outil d'aide au dimensionnement des collages structuraux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288527.
Full textEl, Houjeyri Imane. "Expérimentation et modélisation du comportement des assemblages en bois réalisés par des tourillons en bois densifié sous des charges monotones et cycliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0236.
Full textIt is a question of working on multi-layered beams (or cross-laminated wood panels assembled mechanically by densified wood dowels) Traditionally, this type of beam, called laminated beam, is obtained by gluing wooden laminates. which ensures a "perfect" connection thus leading to a multi-layer beam (or Panels) whose characteristics can be obtained by homogenization. In this work, it proposed to replace the glue by the densified wood dowels to make the assemblies. The viability of beams (or panels) assembled by densified wood dowels (more ecological) is not yet fully demonstrated and therefore remains exploratory. The analysis of this type of structure (static or dynamic) must consider the fact that the connection between the wood parts is semi-rigid. therefore, it is precisely planned to characterize this type of structure experimentally and on a large scale. The main objective of the proposed thesis is to evaluate the structural response under monotonic and cyclic loads. More particularly, the response under cyclic load is obviously a key parameter for the validation of this type of assembly under seismic load. As part of this study, it is envisaged to use numerical simulation (use of Abaqus) to reduce expensive experimental tests and optimize the chosen design choices
Le, Port Alban. "Caractérisation et prédiction des défauts d'aspect des ouvrants automobiles." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723872.
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