Academic literature on the topic 'Car trip analysis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Car trip analysis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Wittwer, Rico, Regine Gerike, and Stefan Hubrich. "Peak-Car Phenomenon Revisited for Urban Areas: Microdata Analysis of Household Travel Surveys from Five European Capital Cities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835509.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the peak-car phenomenon for the five European capital regions of Berlin, Copenhagen, London, Paris, and Vienna. Household travel survey (HTS) microdata was harmonized for the five regions and transferred to one consistent database; all time-series date back at least 20 years. Developments in car use were found to be surprisingly similar despite the substantial differences between the regions in terms of size, governance structures, built environments, transport systems, and societal framework conditions. Car use peaked earliest in Paris in the early 1990s; followed by Berlin, London, and Vienna in the late 1990s; and lastly in Copenhagen in the late 2000s. Working persons and mandatory trips were found to be the most relevant person group and trip purpose for the observed peak-car developments, both with declining overall trip numbers and a modal shift toward non-car modes. Young working persons had the most significant decline with substantial cohort effects. People seem to carry forward their behavior adopted in early life-cycle stages as they age. The person groups of seniors and women both damped the peak-car effect. Shopping trips were the second most relevant trip purpose for car use: car use for this purpose was high and stable over time. This study has elaborated potentials for reducing car use in relation to person groups and trip purposes. Findings from this retrospective analysis could be used for purposefully shaping future transport systems.
2
Usanga, I. N., R. K. Etim, and V. Umoren. "Estimation of trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 23, 2021): 972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.2.
Full textAbstract:
Change in trip rates affects a transportation system and could lead to the redesign of the transport infrastructure in order to satisfy the new demand. This study estimates trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo using cross classification method. Five (5) residential estates were considered and household survey carried out to collect trip data from 500 households on purpose and mode of travel through household interview and their response recorded in questionnaire. Four independent variables (household size, household income, car ownership, number of employed persons) were used for the study based on the prevailing conditions of theresidential land use. Cross-classification trip rates were developed from the most significant variables; household size, household income and car ownership. The analysis indicated that work trip produced the highest reported trip rates of 29.6% followed by religious trip of 24.7%. Similarly, private car trips contributed 42.8% of trips made by mode of travel as the highest trip. It was found that household size is the strongest socio-economic variable that influence trip generation in residential land use in Uyo. The cross-classification trip rates developed in this study could provide basis for the estimation of trip generation in residential land use in Uyo.
Keywords: Trip generation; analysis of variance, ANOVA; cross classification
3
Oluwaseun Aderinlewo, Olufikayo. "DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF TRIP MAKING CHARACTERISTICS IN ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2612.2020.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the trip making characteristics in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria are descriptively analysed. The city was divided into nine zones out of which 1,597 households were interviewed out of a total population of 15,945 households Trips generated and attracted to each zone of the city of Ado-Ekiti for business and non-business purposes were determined. The relationship between the number of trips generated and land use factors were also determined. The effects of income on car ownership and the effects of both on trip making pattern were established while trips were accrued to various modes of transport in the city. The study showed that land-use is the main factor responsible for trips production and attraction. It was established that commercial zones attracted the highest number of trips generated per week for both business and non-business trips while high and medium residential zones produced the highest number of business and non-business trips. In contrast, public zone produced the lowest number of business and non-business trips. Finally, the study shows that income is directly proportional to car ownership and that both income and car ownership have considerable effects on trip generation.
4
KASHIWADANI, Masuo, Michio SAITO, Yasuo ASAKURA, and Hiroyuki MISE. "A pooling data analysis of car trip generation and attraction." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 449 (1992): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1992.449_155.
Full text
5
Davis, Adam W., Elizabeth C. McBride, Krzysztof Janowicz, Rui Zhu, and Konstadinos G. Goulias. "Tour-Based Path Analysis of Long-Distance Non-Commute Travel Behavior in California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 49 (June 11, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118778926.
Full textAbstract:
Data of long-distance tours by each household from an 8-week California Household Travel Survey travel log are analyzed in this paper. Each tour record contains summary data from a single-day diary, household sociodemographic information, and place of residence characteristics. Each tour contains a main trip, selected tours with a main trip that is not a commute trip, and added destination descriptors from Foursquare. Path analysis is used on three censored variables (tour miles by air, miles driving, and miles by public transportation) and two categorical variables (main trip tour purpose) and number of overnight stays. Annual household income is a major determinant of air travel and multiple overnight stays. Moreover, travel by air is more likely to be in large dense destinations with high attractiveness ratings. In contrast, car ownership is a major determinant of more mileage accrued driving a car to urban environments. In terms of main trip purpose, work and shopping are not associated with overnight stays and vacation/sightseeing is the purpose associated with longer overnight stays. Moreover, California destinations are more likely to be in tours completed within a day. It was also found that vacation, sightseeing, and leisure trips are more likely to be combined with other vacation and sightseeing trips. In contrast, business and combined business and leisure trips are less likely to be combined with vacation trips. There were also substantial and significant differences in long-distance tour behavior among residents of urban versus rural environments.
6
Gebhardt, Laura, Christian Wolf, and Robert Seiffert. "“I’ll Take the E-Scooter Instead of My Car”—The Potential of E-Scooters as a Substitute for Car Trips in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137361.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the controversial discussion about the sustainability and usefulness of e-scooters, in this study, we analyzed the substitution potential of e-scooters, especially with regard to car trips. Based on data from the national mobility survey in Germany (Mobility in Germany, MiD 2017), we identified trips that could be covered purely by an e-scooter. Thereby, trip length, trip purposes, weather conditions, and other influencing factors were taken into account. Our analysis showed that, in Germany, 10–15% of the motorized individual transport (MIT) trips could be made by e-scooter. Accompanied by a literature analysis, we then critically reflected on the overall potential of e-scooters and formulated recommendations for urban and transport planning.
7
Yao, En Jian, Long Pan, Yang Yang, and Yong Sheng Zhang. "Taxi Driver's Route Choice Behavior Analysis Based on Floating Car Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2036.
Full textAbstract:
Taxi drivers are viewed having more driving experience, being more familiar with road traffic condition, and in turn having more rational route choice behaviors than ordinary drivers. Using floating car data (FCD) of Beijing taxi in 2010, this study discusses the influence of road network conditions and traffic status to taxi drivers route choice behaviors. First, trip information is extracted from FCD using trip-identification method; Second, map matching and K-shortest paths are used to construct the trajectories and the sets of alternate routes, and route similarity evaluation is conducted to build the sample data of route choice behavior analysis; Finally, route choice model for taxi drivers based on Multinomial Logit (MNL) Model is estimated. The result shows that taxi drivers tend to choose the route which has faster driving speed, less frequency of left turns, more proportion of express way and less proportion of minor road, and increasing a left-turn or decreasing travel speed by 2.12km/h has the same effect on route choice utility. This study is expected to be helpful to establish map-matching algorithm of FCD, route guidance scheme and traffic assignment model.
8
Wiewiórowska, S. "Analysis of the Influence of Drawing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Trip-Structure Steel Wires." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0040.
Full textAbstract:
The research concerned with wire drawing processes of medium-carbon steel with TRIP effect classified into group of AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steel) steels, which are the multiphase steels offering a unique combination of high strength and ductility, has been shown in the work. Such combination is achieved through the transformation of retained austenite to martensite in deformation process called TRIP effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity). Studies reported in the literature relate mainly to the research on the car body sheet rolling and heat treatment processes, which does not allow the results of this research to be referred to the analysis of drawing processes. Therefore, the need has arisen for developing and conducting comprehensive studies on the process of drawing TRIP steels wires and identification the new application areas for these materials.
9
Mikhailov, Sergei, and Alexey Kashevnik. "Car Tourist Trajectory Prediction Based on Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121390.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 has greatly affected the tourist industry and ways of travel. According to the UNTWO predictions, the number of international tourist arrivals will be slowly growing by the end of 2021. One of the ways to keep tourists safe during travel is to use a personal car or car-sharing service. The sensor-based information collected from the tourist’s smartphone during the trip allows his/her behaviour analysis. For this purpose, we propose to use the Internet of Things with ambient intelligence technologies, which allows information processing using the surrounding devices. The paper describes a solution to the car tourist trajectory prediction, which has been the demanding subject of different research studies in recent years. We present an approach based on the usage of the bidirectional LSTM neural network model. We show the reference model of the tourist support system for car-based attraction-visiting trips. The sensor data acquisition process and the bidirectional LSTM model construction, training and evaluation are demonstrated. We propose a system architecture that uses the tourist’s smartphone for data acquisition as well as more powerful surrounding devices for information processing. The obtained results can be used for tourist trip behaviour analysis.
10
Švajda, Juraj, Matej Masný, Samuel Koróny, Adalbert Mezei, Ivo Machar, and Karolina Taczanowska. "Visitor profiling using characteristics of socio-demographic and spatial behavior as tools to support the management of protected mountain areas." Geografie 123, no. 4 (2018): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123040461.
Full textAbstract:
Protected mountain areas are attractive tourist destinations, and the number of visitors to these areas is increasing. The extension of cable car operations into the summer season is a challenge for some protected areas. Our study focuses on visitor profiles and is based on the characteristics of socio-demographic and spatial behavior of cable car users of the Chopok area (Slovakia). The methods used involve recording visitors’ itineraries through the use of GPS loggers and conducting post-trip interviews with the study participants. In order to better understand visitors’ spatial behavior, the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and trip itinerary parameters was analyzed. Additionally, three distinct visitor profiles based on cluster analysis were found in the investigated sample. The results can be used to enrich our knowledge concerning the spatial behavior of tourists in mountain environments, and more directly, for the management of cable car destinations located within protected areas.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Jahanshahi, Kaveh. "Quantification of the influences of built-form upon travel of employed adults : new models based on the UK National Travel Survey." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267841.
Full textAbstract:
After decades of research, a host of analytical difficulties is still hindering our understanding of the influences of the built form on travel. The main challenges are (a) assembling good quality data that reflects the majority of the known influences and that supports continuous monitoring, and (b) making sense methodologically of the many variables which strongly intercorrelate. This study uses the UK national travel survey (NTS) data that is among the most comprehensive of its form in the world. The fact that it has rarely been used so far for this purpose may be attributable to the methodological difficulties. This dissertation aims to develop a new analytical framework based on extended structural equation models (SEMs) in order to overcome some of the key methodological difficulties in quantifying the influences of the built form on travel, and in addition to provide a means to continuously monitor any changes in the effects over time. The analyses are focused on employed adults, because they are not only the biggest UK population segment with the highest per capita travel demand, but also the segment that are capable of adapting more rapidly to changing land use, built form and transport supply conditions. The research is pursued through three new models. Model 1 is a path diagram coupled with factor analyses, which estimates continuous, categorical and binary dependent variables. The model estimates the influences on travel distance, time and trip frequency by trip purpose while accounting for self-selection, spatial sorting, endogeneity of car ownership, and interactions among trip purposes. The results highlight stark differences among commuters, particularly the mobility disadvantages of women, part time and non-car owning workers even when they live in the most accessible urban areas. Model 2 incorporates latent categorisation analyses in order to identify a tangible typology of the built form and the associated variations in impacts on travel. Identifying NTS variables as descriptors for tangible built form categories provides an improved basis for investigating land use and transport planning interventions. The model reveals three distinct built form categories in the UK with striking variations in the patterns of influences. Model 3 further investigates the variations across the built form categories. The resulting random intercept SEM provides a more precise quantification of the influences of self-selection and spatial sorting across the built form categories for each socioeconomic group. Four research areas are highlighted for further studies: First, new preference, attitude and behavioural parameters may be introduced through incorporating non-NTS behavioural surveys; Second, the new SEMs provide a basis for incorporating choice modelling where the utility function is defined with direct, indirect and latent variables; Third, conceptual and methodological developments – such as non-parametric latent class analysis, allow expanding the current model to monitor changes in travel behaviour as and when new NTS or non NTS data become available. Fourth, the robustness of the inferences regarding causal or directional influences may require further quantification through designing new panel data sets, building on the findings above.
2
Pihrt, Patrik. "Aplikace pro extrakci a analýzu jízdních dat z OBD-II na iOS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445487.
Full textAbstract:
This project aims to create a mobile application for iOS devices that provide valuable information about user's car rides. Needed data are obtained by ELM327 located in OBD-II scanner which can communicate with the car. Obtained data are analyzed using table of limits. The application informs riders about their driving mistakes and giving them tips how to fix them. Trips can be saved and exported in the form of logbook. In addition application includes diagnostic functions that can be found in every other diagnostic application.
3
Hall, Bradley John. "Development of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) with quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry for analytical applications /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
4
Goolsby, Brian James. "Techniques for improved mass spectrometric analysis of biologically relevant molecules produced by MALDI and ESI in the quadrupole ion trap /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004273.
Full text
5
Ju, Chang-Cheng, and 張正儒. "TRIZ Analysis to New Product Development Direction of Smart Car." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/684t9a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
105
With the rapid development of smart cars, smart car is considering as top priority for people in purchasing a car. According to IEK research in 2005, the most impotant thing for the development of smart car is Advanced Driver Assistance Systems which demand is gradually rising every year in the regional market. Therefore, many well-known traditional car manufacurers such as BMW、Benz、Toyota、Tesla are concerning about the related technic of smart car and even IT industry leader Google and Apple plan to form a cross-industry alliance with car manyfacurers to catch up with the trend. Google and Apple hope to find Smart car new product in the direction of development and create their own smart car to seize the high potential smart car market. With the development of smart car so far, smart car has already achieve in Semi-automatic driving car by using the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. To explore the future development and the evolution of the smart car, this reseach takes Theory of Inventive Problem Solving as the main tool and using Nine Windows Method and Trends of Evolution in the theoty and in-depth interview with automotive manufacturers to deeply understand the thought of automotive industry. This research got the relevant information for future development of smart car by using interview with automotive manufacturers. By Nine Windows Method and Trends of Evolution, we found that smart car will drive in automatic in the future. The main reason is that the rise of people''s awareness of safety, the popularity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and the well-developed skill of Internet of Vehicle and Induction identification. These three factors are the impotant dirction for car manyfacurers to develop new product in the automaiton trends. Furthermore, developing the smart car need to collaborate with money, technic research and development team and government. Through the combination of these three resources, it would help the Internet of Vehicle and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems become more advanced and widespread. When these systems can be widespread quipped with each smart car, it is able to easily accept for consumers to drive smart car and here comes automatic unmanned generation.
6
Chi, Ch-Wei, and 邱繼緯. "Using TRIZ, QFD and FMEA analysis to critical manufacturing process of car sunroof assembly line." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55570618578209808486.
Full textAbstract:
碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
98
To face the intense competitive environment, many companies not only have to supply good quality products with short lead time, but also have to adopt innovation and to develop new products in order to meet different customer’s requirements. Enterprises currently use the method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to investigate customer’s needs of product which can let product designers customize product functions in order to fit customer’s needs; however, this method does not consider the impact of failure modes coming from manufacturing process. Therefore, only using QFD in design may lead to high defective rate. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used to find defective in materiel or to find the potential failure manufacturing process in early design stages, but it does not consider customer’s opinions. Combining QFD and FMEA can consider both customer’s opinions and failure modes coming from manufacturing process, but it does not the impact of improvement activities in manufacturing process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to integrate QFD, FMEA, and TRIZ to evaluate the critical manufacturing process, and to use the car sunroof assembly line as a case to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed analysis method. First, QFD quality house is used to consider the voice of customers in early design stages. Second, correlation matrix analysis is used to convert the voice of customers to engineering process weight. Fuzzy linguistic analysis and AHP are used in the correlation matrix analysis and the ABC analysis is applied to the engineering process weights to find the key processes. Third, FMEA is applied in the key manufacturing process to find and evaluate the failure modes of these processes. Then TRIZ is applied to the failure mode and to generate the innovated improvement solutions. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) of the failure modes of these key manufacturing processes is evaluated again by considering the TRIZ improvement solutions. Finally, the priority of the improvement in the failure modes is suggested based on the improvement of the RPN of these failure modes. The implementation of the proposed method in a car sunroof assembly line provides very good improvement priority of the failure modes of the key processes to the case company.
7
Lin, Jui-Fang, and 林瑞芳. "A study of patent analysis on the basis of TRIZ creative theory –An example of health care protection devices." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84sz2x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士經國管理暨健康學院
健康產業管理研究所
103
The main functions of protective gear are protecting the joint and maintaining the body position to avoid secondary injury.This research is based on the TRIZ theory,it using the patent analysis technology,importing project parameters and contradictory Matrixto to overcome a dilemma problem between elements. In order to derive the priciple of product design invention,and adapting the Delphi method to compare the Clinical experts and the Rehabilitational experts' discussion results and the inventive principles.The codes which were discussed by the experts are:2,3,7,10,14,15,19,21,40； The codes of inventive principles are:2,3,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,21,27,28,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40 To be compared, it is found out that the experts' code numbers are matched with the inventive code numbers. Therefore,it is verified that the TRIZ theory can be used in the innovation and improvement of the protective gear . The calculated inventive principles will be provided and used in the protective gear innovation and improvement projects.The purposes of this thesis analysis are to expect and lead the clinical employee to have more thinkings and using the more innovation ways to create the appropriate protective gear which is fitted well to maintain the correct body position and increase the working efficiency.
8
Esmail, Laura Caroline. "The Politics of Canada's Access to Medicines Regime: The Dogs that Didn't Bark." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33807.
Full textAbstract:
Decisions to reform pharmaceutical policy often involve trade-offs between competing social and commercial goals. Canada's Access to Medicines Regime (CAMR), a reform that permits compulsory licensing for the production and export of medicines to developing countries, aimed to reconcile these goals. Since it was passed in 2004, only one order of antiretroviral drugs, enough for 21,000 HIV/AIDS patients in Rwanda for one year, has been exported. Future use of the regime appears unlikely.
This research aimed to examine the politics underlying the formation of CAMR. Parliamentary committee hearing transcripts from CAMR's legislative development (2004) and from CAMR's legislative review (2007) were analyzed using a content analysis technique to identify how stakeholders who participated in the debates framed the issues. These findings were subsequently analyzed using a framework of framing, institutions and interests to determine how these three dimensions shaped CAMR's final policy design.
In 2004, policy debates were dominated by two themes: intellectual property rights and TRIPS compliance. Promoting human rights and the impact of CAMR on innovation were hardly discussed. With the Departments of Industry Canada and International Trade as the lead institutions, the goals of protecting intellectual property and ensuring good trade relations with the United States appear to have taken priority over encouraging generic competition to achieve drug affordability. The result was a more limited interpretation of patent flexibilities under the WTO Paragraph 6 Decision. The most striking finding is the minimal discussion over the potential barriers developing country beneficiaries might face when attempting to use compulsory licensing, including their reluctance to use TRIPS flexibilities, their desire to pursue technological development and the constraints inherent in the WTO Paragraph 6 Decision. Instead, these issues were raised in 2007, which can be partly accounted for by a greater representation of the interests of potential beneficiary country governments.
While the Government attempted to strike a balance between drug affordability and intellectual property protection, it designed CAMR as a last resort measure. Increased input from the developing country beneficiaries and shifting to institutions where the right to health gets prioritized may lead to policies that better achieves affordable drug access.
Books on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Spencer, Donna. Card sorting: Designing usable categories. Brooklyn, N.Y: Rosenfeld Media, 2009.
Find full text
2
Commission, European, ed. Analysis and development of new insight into substitution of short car trips by cycling and walking: How to substitute short car trips by cycling and walking : adonis. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998.
Find full text
3
Analysis and development of new insight into substitution of short car trips by cycling and walking: How to substitute short car trips by cycling and walking : Adonis (Transport research). Bernan Associates [distributor], 1998.
Find full text
4
transport, European Commission Directorate-General, ed. Analysis and development of new insight into substitution of short car trips by cycling and walking : ADONIS. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998.
Find full text
5
Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. General Principles for Integration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reviews the broader principles in the international intellectual property (IP) system that fulfil an indirect integration or conflict resolution function, with a focus on those emanating from and applicable to the Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. In focusing on Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS, the chapter builds on prior analysis about the role of these provisions in establishing an agreed, common object and purpose of the principal global IP treaty with relevance beyond TRIPS. In light of the origins and negotiation history of Articles 7 and 8 TRIPS, the chapter shows how these provisions can be applied to integrate ‘external’ objectives and interests via interpretation and implementation. Next, this chapter reviews their very poor record of application in the first twenty years of World Trade Organisation (WTO) dispute settlement. It concludes with suggestions for an appropriate recognition of external norms, objectives, and interests via Articles 7 and 8.
6
Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. The Protection of Intellectual Property in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book examines intellectual property (IP) protection in the broader context of international law. Against the background of the debate about norm relations within and between different rule systems in international law, it constructs a holistic view of international IP law as an integral part of the international legal system. The first part considers norm relations within the international IP law system. It analyses the relationship of the two main unilateral IP conventions to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS), as well as the relationship between TRIPS and subsequent Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). The second part discusses alternative rule systems for the protection of IP. The third part identifies important intersections and links between the traditional system of IP protection and other areas of international law related to environmental, social, and economic concerns. These include free trade in goods; biological diversity, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge; multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) on climate change; and access to medicines and food. This analysis provides significant insights into the nature and quality of international law as a legal system. The fourth part identifies appropriate norms within the international IP system that can respond to these complexities and linkages.
7
Klabunde, Anna. Computational Economic Modeling of Migration. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.41.
Full textAbstract:
In this chapter an agent-based model of endogenously evolving migrant networks is developed to find and estimate the size of determinants of migration and return decisions. Individuals are connected by links, the strength of which declines over time and distance. Methodologically speaking, this chapter combines parameterization using data from the Mexican Migration Project with calibration. It is shown that expected earnings, an idiosyncratic home bias, network ties to other migrants, strength of links to the home country, and age have a significant impact on circular migration patterns over time. The model can reproduce spatial patterns of migration as well as the distribution of the number of trips of migrants. It can also be used for computational experiments and policy analysis.
8
Fernandez-Serra, M. V., and X. Blase. Electronic and transport properties of doped silicon nanowires. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.2.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes a number of theoretical works and methods dedicated to the analysis of the atomic and electronic structure, doping properties and transport characteristics of silicon nanowires (SiNWs). The goal is to show how quantum confinement and dimensionality effects can intrinsically change the behavior of SiNWs as compared to their bulk and thin film counterparts. The article begins with a review of work done on surface reconstructions and electronic structure of SiNWs as a function of system doping and passivation. It then considers the problem of doping in SiNWs as well as the methodology typically used to analyze the problems of transport. It also discusses the electronic transport properties of SiNWs as a function of dopant type, along with their chemical functionalization. Finally, it demonstrates how surface dangling-bond defects trap the impurities in SiNWs and neutralize them.
9
Auty, Richard M., and Haydn I. Furlonge. The Rent Curse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828860.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book analyses the political economy of economic development using two stylized facts models of rent-driven growth. The models show that: (i) the resource curse is a variant of a wider rent curse that can be driven by geopolitical rent (foreign aid), labour rent (worker remittances), or regulatory rent (government manipulation of relative prices); (ii) the rent curse is caused by policy failure and is avoidable; (iii) the global incidence of the rent curse varies over time, which reflects development policy fashions; and (iv) the intensity of the rent curse also varies with rent linkages. Rent cycling theory posits that low rent incentivizes the elite to grow the economy to become wealthy, whereas high rent encourages siphoning rent for immediate enrichment at the expense of sustainable and diversified economic growth. The contrasting incentives trigger divergent policies and structural change. Low rent motivates the efficient allocation of inputs in line with the economy’s comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports, which drives: structural change; rapid egalitarian economic growth; and incremental democratization. High rent, however, elicits contests to capture rent for immediate enrichment so the economy absorbs rent too quickly. The economy experiences Dutch disease effects that expand a subsidized urban sector whose rent demands outstrip supply, resulting in a staple trap and a protracted growth collapse. The economy fails to diversify competitively and depends for growth on expanding rent rather than on competitive diversification that boosts productivity. The book uses the models to explain why many developing countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Gulf followed a staple trap trajectory and draws on East Asia and South Asia for reform.
10
Levy, Brian, Robert Cameron, Ursula Hoadley, and Vinothan Naidoo, eds. The Politics and Governance of Basic Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book brings together scholars from multiple disciplines to explore how political and institutional context influences the governance of basic education in South Africa at national, provincial, and school levels. A specific goal is to contribute to the crucial, ongoing challenge of improving educational outcomes in South Africa. A broader goal is to illustrate the value of an approach to the analysis of public bureaucracies, and of participatory approaches to service provision which puts politics and institutions at centre stage. Stark differences between the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces offer something of a natural experiment for exploring the influence of context. The Eastern Cape’s socio-economic, political, and institutional legacy resulted in a low-level equilibrium trap in which incentives transmitted from the political to the bureaucratic levels reinforced factionalized loyalty within multiple patronage networks, and which is difficult to escape. The Western Cape, by contrast, enjoyed a more supportive environment for the operation of public bureaucracy. However, bureaucracy need not be destiny. The research also shows that strong hierarchy can result in ‘isomorphic mimicry’—a combination of formal compliance and a low-level equilibrium of mediocrity. Participatory school-level governance potentially can improve outcomes—as a complement to strong bureaucracies, or as a partial institutional substitute where bureaucracies are weak. Whether this potential is realized depends on the relative strength of developmentally oriented and predatory actors, with the outcomes not fore-ordained by local context, but contingent and cumulative—with individual agency by stakeholders playing a significant role.
Book chapters on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Spreafico, Christian, and Davide Russo. "Case: Can TRIZ Functional Analysis Improve FMEA?" In Advances in Systematic Creativity, 87–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78075-7_6.
Full text
2
Zhou, Shaojie, and Angang Hu. "How Can China Overcome the “Middle Income Trap”?" In China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap”, 133–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6540-3_4.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Whether a country can overcome the “middle income trap” is a test of its governance capability. The above comparative analysis of the practices in various countries shows that tackling the “middle income trap” is only possible when certain conditions are met, which may be summarized as follows.
3
Upadhyay, Nitin. "CAB Success Stories." In CABology: Value of Cloud, Analytics and Big Data Trio Wave, 117–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8675-5_10.
Full text
4
Upadhyay, Nitin. "CAB Framework—The Fabric." In CABology: Value of Cloud, Analytics and Big Data Trio Wave, 29–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8675-5_3.
Full text
5
Upadhyay, Nitin. "CAB Implications—The Affairs." In CABology: Value of Cloud, Analytics and Big Data Trio Wave, 97–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8675-5_8.
Full text
6
Upadhyay, Nitin. "CAB Control—The Power." In CABology: Value of Cloud, Analytics and Big Data Trio Wave, 105–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8675-5_9.
Full text
7
Upadhyay, Nitin. "CAB Proposition—The Way Forward." In CABology: Value of Cloud, Analytics and Big Data Trio Wave, 79–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8675-5_7.
Full text
8
Hashimoto, Kengo. "Subcriticality." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 13–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFor a subcritical reactor system driven by a periodically pulsed spallation neutron source in KUCA, the Feynman-α and the Rossi-α neutron correlation analyses are conducted to determine the prompt neutron decay constant and quantitatively to confirm a non-Poisson character of the neutron source. The decay constant determined from the present Feynman-α analysis well agrees with that from a previous analysis for the same subcritical system driven by an inherent source. Considering the effect of a higher mode excited, the disagreement can be successfully resolved. The power spectral analysis on frequency domain is also carried out. Not only the cross-power but also the auto-power spectral density have a considerable correlated component even at a deeply subcritical state, where no correlated component could be previously observed under a 14 MeV neutron source. The indicator of the non-Poisson character of the present spallation source can be obtained from the spectral analysis and is consistent with that from the Rossi-α analysis. An experimental technique based on an accelerator-beam trip or restart operation is proposed to determine the subcritical reactivity of ADS. Applying the least-squares inverse kinetics method to the data analysis, the subcriticality can be inferred from time-sequence neutron count data after these operations.
9
Eisenmann, Christine, Johannes Gruber, Mascha Brost, Amelie Ewert, Sylvia Stieler, and Katja Gicklhorn. "Fields of Applications and Transport-Related Potentials of Small Electric Vehicles in Germany." In Small Electric Vehicles, 127–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe possible applications of small electric vehicles, i.e., electric cargo bikes and three- and four-wheeled L-class vehicles in transport, are discussed, and potential business models are presented. Moreover, transport-related potentials are analyzed. Therefore, we have utilized a multi-method approach: we conducted qualitative interviews with experts and professionals in the field of light and small electric vehicles and carried out quantitative analyses with the national household travel survey mobility in Germany 2017. Our results show that, theoretically, small electric vehicles could be used for 20–50% of private trips (depending on the model). On these trips, however, they would not only replace car trips, but also trips on public transport or by bicycle and on foot. In commercial transport, these vehicles are particularly suitable for service trips and some last-mile deliveries. If small electric vehicles were to replace a significant share of the transport volumes of motorized passenger and commercial transport, they could contribute to climate protection.
10
Brad, Stelian. "Domain Analysis with TRIZ to Define an Effective “Design for Excellence” Framework." In Creative Solutions for a Sustainable Development, 426–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86614-3_34.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDesign for Excellence (DfEx) is the name given to an engineering process where a product is designed to meet a set of objective functions that cover its lifecycle. There are negative correlations between different objective functions in this set and issues related to technological complexity are added, since modern products typically fall into the category of smart connected mechatronic products. This context leads to complexity in terms of tackling the design process. Simultaneous engineering and PLM platforms can only partially handle such levels of complexity. To our knowledge, the subject of DfEx was treated in current researches from a limited perspective, which does not necessarily cover the complexity of the present-day context. In order to formulate a reliable DfEx framework, this research considers a strategy based on tools that manage in a systematic way the process of identifying the comprehensive set of barriers and conflicts that obstruct DfEx. This research highlights the level of complexity in setting up a reliable methodology to DfEx of modern, sophisticated mechatronic products. A set of guidelines to be placed at the foundation of an effective DfEx methodology is formulated with the support of TRIZ.
Conference papers on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Jinyong, Jiang, Yun Meiping, and Yang Xiaoguang. "Statistical Analysis on Non-motorized Transportation Mode Choice Considering Trip Distance and Car Availability." In 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science (NISS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/niss.2009.149.
Full text
2
Cakdi, Sabri, Scott Cummings, and John Punwani. "Heavy Haul Coal Car Wheel Load Environment: Rolling Contact Fatigue Investigation." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5640.
Full textAbstract:
Railway wheels and rails do not achieve full wear life expectancy due to the combination of wear, plastic deformation, and surface, subsurface, and deep subsurface cracks. Sixty-seven percent of wheel replacement and maintenance in North America is associated with tread damage [1]. Spalling and shelling are the two major types of wheel tread damage observed in railroad operations. Spalling and slid flat defects occur due to skidded or sliding wheels caused by, in general, unreleased brakes. Tread shelling (surface or shallow subsurface fatigue) occurs due to cyclic normal and traction loads that can generate rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Shelling comprises about half of tread damage related wheel replacement and maintenance. The annual problem size associated with wheel tread RCF is estimated to be in the tens of millions of dollars. The total cost includes maintenance, replacement, train delays and fuel consumption. To study the conditions under which RCF damage accumulates, a 36-ton axle load aluminum body coal car was instrumented with a high accuracy instrumented wheelset (IWS), an unmanned data acquisition (UDAC) system, and a GPS receiver. This railcar was sent to coal service between a coal mine and power plant, and traveled approximately 1,300 miles in the fully loaded condition on each trip. Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical wheel-rail forces were recorded continuously during four loaded trips over the same route using the same railcar and instrumentation. The first two trips were conducted with non-steering 3-piece trucks and the last two trips were conducted with passive steering M-976 compliant trucks to allow comparison of the wheel load environment and RCF accumulation between the truck types. RCF initiation predictions were made using “Shakedown Theory” [2]. Conducting two trips with each set of trucks allowed for analysis of the effects of imbalance speed conditions (cant deficiency or excess cant) at some curves on which the operating speeds varied significantly between trips.
3
Song, Ji-Young, and Jin-Ki Eom. "Analysis of Passenger Transfer Patterns Based on Transit Smart Card Data in Seoul." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2496.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzes the transfer patterns of passengers in Seoul based on transit smart card data that was observed in 2010. The smart card recorded maximum four times of transfer and reported that approximately 90% of trips were less than one transfer and the remains were more than 2 transfers. We focus on trips with more than 3 transfers to figure out the relationship between transit service and regional connectivity. The results show that the average travel time, distance, fare are 45 minutes, 18.3km, and 1,119(KW) respectively. We develop a map for investigating transfer patterns at a regional level (dong and gu). By doing this, three types of transfers are observed as: 1) trips of which origin and destination is either same or near, 2) trips with middle distance (shorter then 6km), and 3) long distance (from 6km to 12km) trip with low transit connectivity.
4
Bordegoni, Monica, Marina Carulli, and Yuan Shi. "Investigating the Use of Smell in Vehicle-Driver Interaction." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60541.
Full textAbstract:
Every year approximately more than one million people die on world’s road. Human factors are the largest contributing factors to the traffic crashes and fatality, and recent researches have identified drivers’ cognitive aspect as the major cause of human errors in 80% of crash events. Thus, the development of countermeasures to manage drivers’ cognitive aspect is an important challenge to address. Driver-Assistance Systems have been developed and integrated into vehicles to acquire data about the environment and the driver, and to communicate information to the driver, usually via the senses of vision and hearing. Unfortunately, these senses are already subjected to high demands, and the visual and auditory stimuli can be underestimate or considered as annoying. However, other sensory channels could be used to elicit the drivers’ cognitive aspect. In particular, smell can impact on various aspects of humans’ psychological state, such as people’s attention level, and can induce activation states in people. The research presented in this paper aims at investigating whether olfactory stimuli, instead of auditory ones, can be used to influence the cognitive aspect of the drivers. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been set up and experimental testing sessions have been performed. The experimental framework is a multisensory environment consisting of an active stereo-projector and a screen used for displaying a video that reproduces a very monotonous car trip, a seating-buck for simulating the car environment, a wearable Olfactory Display, in-ear earphones and the BioGraph Infiniti system for acquiring the subjects’ physiological data. The analysis of the data collected in the testing sessions shows that, in comparison to the relaxation state, olfactory stimuli are effective in increasing subjects’ attention level more than the auditory ones.
5
Schiavinotto, Giovanni, Giovanni Meneghetti, Matteo Veneri, and Matteo Massaro. "Enhancing the Performance of an FSAE Car." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97892.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper addresses the modelling, validation, and analysis of an FSAE car. The aim is to devise a method for enhancing its dynamic performance. The validation of the model is carried out in acceleration, skidpad and slalom tests, against the experimental data recorded within the 2018 FSAE competition in Varano de’ Melegari (Italy). It is shown that the skidpad and slalom performance can be significantly enhanced by varying the trim of the car, namely toe, camber, steering geometry and anti-roll bars. Implications on steering characteristics are also discussed, for investigating the effects on handling.
6
Ferrer, Sheila, and Tomás Ruiz Sánchez. "Comparison of the factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4263.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we use a qualitative methodology to identify and compare factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two different Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada. Three focus groups were held in Valencia and two in Granada with participants who undertook, at least once a week, one short non-shopping trip in any travel mode (were “short trip” is defined as less than 30-45 minutes walking distance). A thematic analysis of the data using the software QSR NVivo was performed after the transcription of the video recordings. Results show that participants perceive more facilitators to walking in Granada than in Valencia, explained by the smaller size of the former city and the driving restriction policy in the city centre of Granada for private cars. The main common barriers to walking in the two cities were: insecurity from crime (absence of people, a poor street lighting or walking along a conflictive are), a high density of traffic lights and walking along large avenues. In the city of Valencia, crossing multilane avenues and large-diameter roundabouts are deterrents to walking. In Granada, very steep streets motivate the use of alternative travel modes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4263
7
Losada Rojas, Lisa Lorena, Konstantina “Nadia” Gkritza, and V. Dimitra Pyrialakou. "Assessing the First and Last Mile Problem for Intercity Passenger Rail Service." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6172.
Full textAbstract:
The first and last mile of a trip has been used to describe passenger travel with regards to getting to and from transit stops/stations. Solving the first and last mile (FMLM) problem extends the access to transportation systems and enlarges the number of passengers from a remote community, such as rural areas. The FMLM problem has been addressed in different public transit contexts, mainly within urban areas. However, it is also an important part of the journey in an intercity trip; yet, limited research efforts have been undertaken to examine the FMLM problem that intercity passenger train riders face. This paper fills in this gap and further, aims to identify the best strategies that could serve as a FMLM solution for short distance intercity passenger rail service (i.e., corridors that are less than 750 miles long according to the Passenger Rail Improvement and Investment Act, 2008). The Hoosier State Train (HST) service, a short-distance intercity passenger rail that connects Chicago and Indianapolis four days a week, was chosen as a case of study. The HST has four intermediate stops located in Indiana. For some of those intermediate stops HST is the only intercity public transit service offered to reach either Chicago or Indianapolis. In order to explore opportunities to enhance the HST ridership, an on-board survey was conducted in November and December 2016. The findings of this survey suggested that there are riders who travel from counties further away from a county with a station to reach and complete their journey on the train. Moreover, it was found that most of the respondents drove or rented a car, or were dropped off to reach a train station in Indiana. Unlike the results from the Chicago station, the majority of riders boarding the train from one of the Indiana stations did not use ridesharing services or public transportation. These findings suggest that there is a possible gap into the FMLM travel options for intercity rail riders and alternative options to fill this gap should be considered. This paper discusses the case study results of an accessibility analysis aiming to identify the areas in need of first/last mile service where there are no public transportation services and/or it is costly to reach a station from a desired origin. To that end, a cost surface for the different modes available in the area of study was created to determine the average travel cost to the nearest station. The analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using origin-destination data from the on-board survey, transportation network information from the U.S. Bureau Transportation Statistics, and general transit feed specification (GTFS) data. Subsequently, some of the best strategies identified were modeled around the station (e.g., shuttle buses to/from the station) in order to examine how the accessibility would increase after a strategy implementation. The results of this study may have far-reaching implications for planning strategies that can enhance access to the train stations. Finally, the FMLM strategies could assist intercity passenger rail service providers attract a larger number of passengers.
8
Assadi, Armand D., and James H. Oliver. "Trim Loop Closure for Enhanced CAD Interoperability." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57533.
Full textAbstract:
The transfer of design data among different CAD systems or subsequent downstream analysis applications is critically important to the acceleration of the product development cycle. Since each vendor has its own proprietary native file format, this transfer of data among differing systems is difficult at best. International standards such as IGES and STEP have evolved to address this challenge, but they are generally not sufficiently explicit. Each vendor writes its own “flavor” of the standard that other applications may not understand. This paper bridges a gap between disparate systems by developing a strategy to assess the completeness and robustness of models represented in IGES or STEP format, and a technique to either repair the representation or add missing information so that a downstream application can properly interpret it. The method ensures that the receiving system gets a full and accurate NURBS-based representation: the original surface, the corresponding full complement of model space trim curves, and the corresponding full complement of parameter space trim curves. With all the information present, the downstream system is more likely to receive the information it requires to interpret the model.
9
LOIS GARCÍA, DAVID, ANDRÉS MONZÓN DE CÁCERES, and SARA HERNÁNDEZ DEL OLMO. "Analysis of satisfaction factors at urban transport interchanges: Measuring travelers’ attitudes to information, security and waiting." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4207.
Full textAbstract:
Transport interchanges can be considered as a node, where people transfer from one mode to another, and as a place to stay, using facilities and services as well as waiting areas. Reducing disruption of transfer in multimodal trips is a key element for assuring seamless mobility in big cities. Based on previous research (Hernández & Monzón, 2016) this paper aims to explore the predictive capacity of attitudes towards several service factors on general satisfaction with transport interchange. Complementary, it was analyzing how personal and trip characteristics are related to evaluation of some variables, and examining the influence of waiting time on the perceived quality. To that end, a two steps methodology was conducted (personal and on-line interview) in a representative sample of 740 users (54% female, 55% work purpose trip). We performed path analysis to test the model showing a satisfactory statistical fit. The model developed show good performance for predicting general satisfaction at Moncloa Transport Interchange (Madrid, Spain). The outputs of the model indicate that Information and Safety and Security factors predicted 49% of general satisfaction. Furthermore, the results showed also a strong association between evaluation of Design and Environmental quality, factors that not affect directly general satisfaction but do so through Information and Safety & Security perception, acting the last as mediator variables. Nevertheless, spending time queuing inside the interchange show a negative influence on Information and Safety & Security, while age of participants affect negatively to Information, which mean that elder have some cognitive accessibility problems. Moreover, our data shows gender differences in safety perception, since women feel less safe (particularity the youngest) inside the interchange. The results indicate a number of priority measures to enhance perceived quality and efficiency of interchanges.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4207
10
Cummings, Scott M. "Prediction of Rolling Contact Fatigue Using Instrumented Wheelsets." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74013.
Full textAbstract:
The measured wheel/rail forces from four wheels in the leading truck of a coal hopper car during one revenue service roundtrip were used to by the Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) to predict rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage. The data was recorded in March 2005 by TTCI for an unrelated Strategic Research Initiatives project funded by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). RCF damage was predicted in only a small portion of the approximately 4,000 km (2,500 miles) for which data was analyzed. The locations where RCF damage was predicted to occur were examined carefully by matching recorded GPS and train speed/distance data with track charts. RCF is one way in which wheels can develop tread defects. Thermal mechanical shelling (TMS) is a subset of wheel shelling in which the heat from tread braking reduces a wheel’s fatigue resistance. RCF and TMS together are estimated to account for approximately half of the total wheel tread damage problem [1]. Other types of tread damage can result from wheel slides. The work described in this paper is concerning pure RCF, without regard to temperature effects or wheel slide events. It is important that the limitations of the analysis in this paper are recognized. The use of pre-existing data that was recorded two years prior to the analysis ruled out the possibility of determining the conditions of the track when the data was recorded (rail profile, friction, precise track geometry). Accordingly, the wheel/rail contact stress was calculated with an assumed rail crown profile radius of 356-mm (14 inches). RCF was predicted using shakedown theory, which does not account for wear and is the subject of some continuing debate regarding the exact conditions required for fatigue damage. The data set analyzed represents the wheel/rail forces from two wheelsets in a single, reasonably well maintained car. Wheelsets in other cars may produce different results. With this understanding, the following conclusions are made. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate only at a small percentage of the total distance traveled. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate on almost every curve 4 degrees or greater. - RCF damage is primarily predicted to accumulate while the car is loaded. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate more heavily on the wheelset in the leading position of the truck than the trailing wheelset. - No RCF damage was predicted while the test car was on mine property. - Four unique curves (8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees, and 4 degrees) accounted for nearly half of the predicted RCF damage of the loaded trip. In each case, the RCF damage was predicted to accumulate on the low-rail wheel of the leading wheelset. - Wayside flange lubricators are located near many of the locations where RCF damage was predicted to accumulate, indicating that simply adding wayside lubricators will not solve the RCF problem. - The train was typically being operated below the balance speed of the curve when RCF damage was predicted to occur. - The worst track locations for wheel RCF tend to be on curves of 4 degrees or higher. For the route analyzed in this work, the worst locations for wheel RCF tended to be bunched in urban areas, where tight curvature generally prevails.
Reports on the topic "Car trip analysis"
1
Lewis, Sherman, Emilio Grande, and Ralph Robinson. The Mismeasurement of Mobility for Walkable Neighborhoods. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.2060.
Full textAbstract:
The major US household travel surveys do not ask the right questions to understand mobility in Walkable Neighborhoods. Yet few subjects can be more important for sustainability and real economic growth based on all things of value, including sustainability, affordability, and quality of life. Walkable Neighborhoods are a system of land use, transportation, and transportation pricing. They are areas with attractive walking distances of residential and local business land uses of sufficient density to support enough business and transit, with mobility comparable to suburbia and without owning an auto. Mobility is defined as the travel time typically spent to reach destinations outside the home, not trips among other destinations that are not related to the home base. A home round trip returns home the same day, a way of defining routine trips based on the home location. Trip times and purposes, taken together, constitute travel time budgets and add up to total travel time in the course of a day. Furthermore, for Walkable Neighborhoods, the analysis focuses on the trips most important for daily mobility. Mismeasurement consists of including trips that are not real trips to destinations outside the home, totaling 48 percent of trips. It includes purposes that are not short trips functional for walk times and mixing of different trips into single purposes, resulting in even less useful data. The surveys do not separate home round trips from other major trip types such as work round trips and overnight trips. The major household surveys collect vast amounts of information without insight into the data needed for neighborhood sustainability. The methodology of statistics gets in the way of using statistics for the deeper insights we need. Household travel surveys need to be reframed to provide the information needed to understand and improve Walkable Neighborhoods. This research makes progress on the issue, but mismeasurement prevents a better understanding of the issue.
2
Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
Full textAbstract:
Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
3
Golovko, Khrystyna. TRAVEL REPORT BY ALEKSANDER JANTA-POŁCZYNSKI «INTO THE USSR» (1932): FROG PERSPECTIVE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11091.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes a series of materials by Aleksander Janta-Polczynski «Into the USSR» from Soviet Russia during the in 1932, published on «Wiadomości Literackiе». The purpose of this article is explain the uniqueness of the reporter’s style and personality. We want to emphasize the role of Janta-Polczynski as the pioneer of reportage journalism. He was the first who worked professionally in this position in the full sense of this word. Analyzed the cycle of Alexander Janta-Polczynski from Russia, we can emphasize the scale of the reporter’s trip: in 1932 the journalist made the largest journalistic trip to the USSR. Janta visited the Eastern republics, which differed from the popular Moscow and Leningrad. Also, he saw the largest construction in the USSR at this time – which it bragged about russian newspapers – Magnitogorsk and Dneprostroy. For a better understanding are given the visual examples from reportorial texts. It should be noted that for Janta the main task of the reporter is to show what is seen and recorded: only facts and personal experience in communication. This cycle can safely be called a journey and social expedition. The main task for Janta the scene where the reportage takes place is to find proper characters and convince them of the importance of their story. These are the materials of a reporter – an eyewitness, not a researcher, a report from the scene, which pushes the reader to an independent conclusion. We explore that all the Janta-Polczynski texts are inextricably linked by looking into the «middle» of the process: the diversity of what is seen allows the journalist to look for differences and similarities, compare, look at the fundamental components, track changes and distinguish them. Special attention was paid to a low-angle shot in his materials. He describes how Soviet society lives, how factories work, how the system of educating a Soviet person, goes to the movies and exhibitions, communicates with ordinary citizens. Undoubtedly, all this is successfully complemented by the factual detail and uniqueness of the author’s style.
4
Thomas, Catherine, and Lynne Koontz. 2020 national park visitor spending effects: Economic contributions to local communities, states, and the nation. National Park Service, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286547.
Full textAbstract:
The National Park Service (NPS) manages the Nation’s most iconic destinations that attract millions of visitors from across the Nation and around the world. Trip-related spending by NPS visitors generates and supports economic activity within park gateway communities. This report summarizes the annual economic contribution analysis that measures how NPS visitor spending cycles through local economies, generating business sales and supporting jobs and income. In 2020, the National Park System received over 237 million recreation visits (down 28% from 2019). Visitors to national parks spent an estimated $14.5 billion in local gateway regions (down 31% from 2019). The estimated contribution of this spending to the national economy was 234,000 jobs, $9.7 billion in labor income, $16.7 billion in value added, and $28.6 billion in economic output. The lodging sector saw the highest direct effects, with $5 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. The restaurants sector saw the next greatest effects, with $3 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. Results from the Visitor Spending Effects report series are available online via an interactive tool. Users can view year-by-year trend data and explore current year visitor spending, jobs, labor income, value added, and economic output effects by sector for national, state, and local economies. The interactive tool is available at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/socialscience/vse.htm.