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Journal articles on the topic 'CAR-T therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 April 2025

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1

Singh, Yuvraj. "Chimeric Antigen Receptors T Cells (CAR T) Therapy." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 5 (May 5, 2024): 1563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24523173932.

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2

San Segundo, Lucrecia Yáñez. "CAR-T cell therapy." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 156, no. 3 (February 2021): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.05.030.

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3

Neff Newitt, Valerie. "CAR T-Cell Therapy." Oncology Times 39, no. 20 (October 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000526653.15787.41.

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4

Ahmad, Aamir. "CAR-T Cell Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 4303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124303.

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5

Jacobson, Caron, Amy Emmert, and Meredith B. Rosenthal. "CAR T-Cell Therapy." JAMA 322, no. 10 (September 10, 2019): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.10194.

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6

Kwon, Miji, and Hee Ho Park. "CAR-T Therapy Targeting Solid Tumor." KSBB Journal 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2020.35.2.95.

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7

L. Penney, Christopher, Boulos Zacharie, and Jean-Simon Duceppe. "Tucaresol-Cyclophosphamide Combination Therapy: Proposal for a Safe, Affordable Alternative to CAR T-Cell Therapy." Journal of Clinical Review & Case Reports 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2024): 01–04. https://doi.org/10.33140/jcrc.09.12.02.

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newer immunotherapeutic process in which genetic engineering is used to incorporate a receptor protein into a patient’s T-cells thereby permitting the modified T-cells to recognize and eradicate tumors. Initially, CAR T-cell therapy was reserved as a last resort when standard cancer treatments failed to provide significant efficacy but subsequently, CAR T-cell therapy is finding use against earlier stage cancers. Since 2017, seven CAR T-cell therapies have attained FDA approval for treatment of hematological cancers. The latest approval, November 8, 2024, is for treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, CAR T-cell therapy does not always provide a lasting anticancer response which leads to loss of tumor remission. The percent loss of tumor remission depends upon the type of hematological cancer being treated. Although currently limited to hematological cancers, CAR T-cell therapy provides cancer patients a significant increase in survival unattainable with traditional cancer treatment regimens. However, two significant issues accompany CAR T-cell therapy. The first is multiple toxicity issues which although occurring individually in a low percentage of patients, taken together constitute a significant probability of encountering a potentially fatal side effect. The second problem is the high cost of CAR T-cell therapy starting at $450,000 US per treatment. Contributing to both of these problems is the fact that CAR T-cell therapy is labor intensive which will exacerbate existing clinical facilities already challenged by a myriad of mutating pathogens and an aging population. Against this setting is proposed therapy consisting of clinical stage and FDA approved anticancer drugs with excellent safety records. Proposed herein is combination therapy with Tucaresol, up-regulates CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and cyclophosphamide, down-regulates Treg cells, as a convenient, cost effective cancer treatment.

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Testa, Ugo, Patrizia Chiusolo, Elvira Pelosi, Germana Castelli, and Giuseppe Leone. "CAR-T CELL THERAPY FOR T-CELL MALIGNANCIES." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 16, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): e2024031. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2024.031.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphoid neoplasia and, in some instances, improved disease outcomes. Thus, six FDA-approved commercial CAR-T cell products that target antigens preferentially expressed on malignant B-cells or plasma cells have been introduced in the therapy of B-cell lymphomas, B-ALLs and multiple myeloma. These therapeutic successes have triggered the application of CAR-T cell therapy to other hematologic tumors, including T-cell malignancies. However, the success of CAR-T cell therapies in T-cell neoplasms was considerably more limited to the existence of some limiting factors, such as the sharing of mutual antigens between normal T-cells and CAR-T cells, and malignant cells, determining fratricide events and severe T-cell aplasia; contamination of CAR-T cells used for CAR transduction with contaminating malignant T-cells. Allogeneic CAR-T products can avoid tumor contamination but raise other problems related to immunological incompatibility. In spite of these limitations, there has been significant progress in CD7- and CD5-targeted CAR-T cell therapy of T-cell malignancies in the last few years.

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9

SAYIN KASAR, Kadriye, and Yasemin YILDIRIM. "Nursing Management in CAR-T Cell Therapy." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 12, no. 2 (2020): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2019-72274.

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10

Hosen, Naoki. "2) CAR T Cell Therapy." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 108, no. 3 (March 10, 2019): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.108.438.

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11

Thoma, Clemens. "Developing CAR T cell therapy." Nature Reviews Urology 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2018.4.

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12

Abbasi, Jennifer. "Relapses After CAR-T Therapy." JAMA 320, no. 18 (November 13, 2018): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.17585.

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13

Abbasi, Jennifer. "Safer CAR T-Cell Therapy." JAMA 321, no. 22 (June 11, 2019): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.7551.

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14

Puchkov, I. A., T. M. Kulinich, E. I. Parfenyuk, Ya Yu Kiseleva, V. V. Kaminsky, A. M. Shishkin, E. Ya Nikiruy, and V. K. Bozhenko. "Futures of CAR-T-therapy of solid tumors." Immunologiya 45, no. 6 (2024): 792–805. https://doi.org/10.33029/1816-2134-2024-45-6-792-805.

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15

Park, Hyunmo, Miji Kwon, Kwang Suk Lim, and Hee Ho Park. "Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell (CAR-T) Therapy Targeting Hematologic Malignancy." KSBB Journal 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2020.35.3.183.

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16

Mitchell, Emily, and George S. Vassiliou. "T-Cell Cancer after CAR T-Cell Therapy." New England Journal of Medicine 390, no. 22 (June 13, 2024): 2120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme2405538.

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17

Song, Kun-Wei, and Brian J. Scott. "CAR T-cell therapy for gliomas." Current Opinion in Neurology 37, no. 6 (October 9, 2024): 672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000001318.

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Purpose of review To review the landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy for gliomas as seen in recently published trials and discuss on-going challenges with new cancer immunotherapy treatments. Recent findings Given how CAR T therapy has revolutionized the treatment of several hematologic malignancies, there has been increasing interest in using immunotherapy, and particularly CAR T therapy for gliomas. Within the past decade, several first in human trials have published early patient experiences showing treatment is generally well tolerated but with limited efficacy, which may be improving with newer evolutions in CAR T design to overcome known resistance mechanisms in glioma treatment. Summary CAR T therapy is a promising avenue of treatment for high-grade gliomas, which have a universally poor prognosis as well as limited therapeutics. There are a growing number of CAR T clinical trials for CNS tumors and thus, an understanding of their treatment strategies, toxicity management, and overcoming resistance mechanisms will be important for both clinical practice and to identify areas for future research.

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18

Kew, Kayleigh. "What is CAR T-cell therapy?" Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 59, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/dtb.2020.000040.

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The emergence of targeted and precision therapies has increased treatment options for people living with cancer. Of particular note is the development and approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies that involve the use of a patient’s own immune system to treat cancers that have proven resistant to other approaches. Keeping abreast of treatment changes and practice guidelines is a challenge for all healthcare professionals, and the pressure of doing so becomes most acute with innovations in cancer therapeutics that have the potential to extend or save lives. Though uncommon, step changes like CAR T-cell therapy pose a challenge, often requiring completely new ways of thinking about efficacy evidence, basic science, ethics and service delivery. At a time when patients are able and empowered to readily access information about novel and exploratory treatments, healthcare professionals need to feel informed enough to help patients with life-changing or life-limiting cancers who approach them for advice. This article gives an overview of the basic principles of CAR T-cell therapy including how it is delivered, who is eligible to receive it in the UK, and a brief outline of current evidence of its efficacy and safety. The information is intended to provide healthcare professionals with an introduction to CAR T-cell therapy to help them advise potentially eligible patients or those already undergoing treatment about what to expect.

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19

Dickson, Iain. "Improved CAR T therapy for PDAC." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 18, no. 7 (June 2, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00476-8.

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20

Kurt, Selver. "CAR-T CELL THERAPY IN CLL." Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy 46 (December 2024): S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2024.11.117.

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21

Pang, Zilong. "CAR T-cell Therapy for GBM." Theoretical and Natural Science 71, no. 1 (December 26, 2024): 84–90. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2024.la18770.

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal and common primary malignant brain tumour. It has a 100% mortality rate and poor prognosis, and is currently incurable. Conventional treatments, such as surgery, can only extend patients survival to a very limited extent and are often accompanied by severe side effects. In recent decades, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells therapy has emerged as a novel immunotherapy with great potential in treating various tumours, raising high expectations for its application in GBM. This paper reviews the structure and function of CAR design and discusses three antigens on GBM that have completed clinical trials: EGFRvIII, HER2 and IL-13Ra2. Although each antigen-specific CAR T-cell therapy face its own challenges, the results from clinical trials have been overall inspiring. However, CAR T-cell therapy for GBM is still in very early stages and requires further research and exploration.

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22

Fan, Mingliang, Jiayu Zheng, Yue Huang, Mingxia Lu, Zhi Shang, and Mingwei Du. "Nanoparticle-mediated universal CAR-T therapy." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 666 (December 2024): 124779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124779.

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23

Ramos, Carlos A., Helen E. Heslop, and Malcolm K. Brenner. "CAR-T Cell Therapy for Lymphoma." Annual Review of Medicine 67, no. 1 (January 14, 2016): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051914-021702.

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24

Adusumilli, Prasad. "CAR T therapy for solid tumors." Leukemia Research 85 (October 2019): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2126(19)30226-7.

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25

Schlegel, Patrick. "CAR-T cell therapy in pediatrics." Leukemia Research 85 (October 2019): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2126(19)30234-6.

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26

Muhammad, Niaz, Qinwen Mao, and Haibin Xia. "CAR T-cells for cancer therapy." Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 33, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 190–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02648725.2018.1430465.

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27

Mullard, Asher. "FDA approves first CAR T therapy." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 16, no. 10 (October 2017): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.196.

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28

He, Shujun. "CAR T-cell Therapy for Neuroblastoma." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 36 (March 21, 2023): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v36i.6123.

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Children aged under 5 being the main patient group of neuroblastoma has been widely acknowledged according to clinical diagnosis results. Traditional therapies like monoclonal therapy and chemo therapy have achieved relatively high curing rate, the 5-year survival rate of these therapies are still not acceptable, followed by strong side effects to microenvironment. To help improve the prognosis of patients who have high risk and lift the survival rate, CAR T-cell therapy for neuroblastoma can be an achievable option. In this review, I summarize the mechanism of CAR T cell therapy, the general information about neuroblastoma and the current clinical experiences advancement in this area.

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29

Jenkins, Misty R., and Katharine J. Drummond. "CAR T-Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma." New England Journal of Medicine 390, no. 14 (April 11, 2024): 1329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme2401307.

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30

Liu, Botao, Lingyun Ma, Jing Xu, and Gege Yan. "CAR-T therapy for breast cancer." Theoretical and Natural Science 20, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/20/20230762.

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The most common form of cancer among women is breast cancer. With the increasing negative impact of breast cancer on human life and health, scientists have devoted more detailed research on breast cancer treatment and there has been the discovery of a novel CAR-T cell immunotherapy method. Based on the results of the research on CAR-T therapies for breast cancer, this paper summarizes the targets of the therapy for breast cancer, discusses the challenges faced by the treatment of the cancer, and proposes effective strategies to solve the difficulties and overcome the challenges. So far, studies found that breast cancer cells have multiple target sites that they can be combined with. Moreover, such difficulties as weak efficacy and lack of target antigen specificity could be addressed by strategies like dual targeting CAR-T cells and synthetic receptors that combine targeted antigens. These studies provide an effective basis for better understanding the key points and specifics of CAR-T immunotherapy for breast cancer.

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31

Al-Janabi, Ismail Ibrahim. "CAR-T Cell Therapy for Cancer." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 6, no. 2 (April 15, 2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.726.

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Objective: To provide a basic overview of the status of CAR-T cell therapy and foresee its future applicability in cancer treatment. Method: The search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and Web of Science were employed in obtaining peer-reviewed articles using the criteria outlined in the method section. Main points: CAR-T cell therapy has proved a lifesaving option for hematological malignancies despite its huge cost per treatment. Clinical trials are still ongoing to improve the effectiveness of this therapy for solid tumors as well as make it more affordable and easier to set up. Conclusion: CAR-T cell therapy represents a useful addition to the arsenal in the fight against cancer, particularly in lifesaving scenarios in dealing with serious hematological malignancies.

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32

Uscanga-Palomeque, Ashanti Concepción, Ana Karina Chávez-Escamilla, Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez, Santiago Saavedra-Alonso, Luis Daniel Terrazas-Armendáriz, Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, and Juan Manuel Alcocer-González. "CAR-T Cell Therapy: From the Shop to Cancer Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (October 28, 2023): 15688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115688.

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Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Nevertheless, new technologies in the immunotherapy field have emerged. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is a novel biological form to treat cancer; CAR-T cell genetic engineering has positively revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the latest developments in CAR-T in cancer treatment. We present the structure of the different generations and variants of CAR-T cells including TRUCK (T cells redirected for universal cytokine killing. We explain the approaches of the CAR-T cells manufactured ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, we describe the limitations and areas of opportunity for this immunotherapy and the current challenges of treating hematological and solid cancer using CAR-T technology as well as its constraints and engineering approaches. We summarize other immune cells that have been using CAR technology, such as natural killer (NK), macrophages (M), and dendritic cells (DC). We conclude that CAR-T cells have the potential to treat not only cancer but other chronic diseases.

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33

Ren, Anqi, Yuan Zhao, and Haichuan Zhu. "T-ALL Cells as Tool Cells for CAR T Therapy." Vaccines 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040854.

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T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematologic malignancy derived from T cells. Numerous CAR T therapies have been successfully applied to treat hematologic malignancies in the clinic. Nevertheless, there remain several challenges to the extensive application of CAR T cell therapy in T cell malignancies, especially in T-ALL. The main reason for CAR T therapy limitations is that T-ALL cells and normal T cells share antigens, which improves the difficulty of sorting pure T cells, resulting in product contamination, and would lead to CAR T cell fratricide. Thus, we considered creating a CAR on T-ALL tumor cells (CAR T-ALL) to prevent fratricide and eliminate tumor cells. We found that T-ALL cells transduced with CAR would actually commit fratricide. However, CAR T-ALL could kill only tumor cells on T-ALL cell lines, and other types of tumor cells had no killing function after being transferred with CAR. Furthermore, we created CD99 CAR with expression controlled by the Tet-On system on Jurkat cells, which could avoid the fratricide of CAR T-ALL during proliferation, ensuring the controllability of the killing time and effect. Jurkat transduced with a CAR-targeting antigen, which was expressed on other cancer cells, could kill other cancer cell lines, demonstrating that T-ALL cells could be used as tool cells for cancer therapy. Our study supplied a new feasible treatment regimen for cancer treatment in the clinic.

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34

Luo, Liangkui, Xuan Zhou, Lijuan Zhou, Zhao Liang, Jilong Yang, Sanfang Tu, and Yuhua Li. "Current state of CAR-T therapy for T-cell malignancies." Therapeutic Advances in Hematology 13 (January 2022): 204062072211430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406207221143025.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has been approved for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas and greatly improves disease outcomes. The impressive success has inspired the application of this approach to other types of tumors. The relapsed/refractory T-cell malignancies are characteristic of high heterogeneity and poor prognoses. The efficacy of current treatments for this group of diseases is limited. CAR-T therapy is a promising solution to ameliorate the current therapeutic situation. One of the major challenges is that normal T-cells typically share mutual antigens with malignant cells, which causes fratricide and serious T-cell aplasia. Moreover, T-cells collected for CAR transduction could be contaminated by malignant T-cells. The selection of suitable target antigens is of vital importance to mitigate fratricide and T-cell aplasia. Using nanobody-derived or naturally selected CAR-T is the latest method to overcome fratricide. Allogeneic CAR-T products and CAR-NK-cells are expected to avoid tumor contamination. Herein, we review the advances in promising target antigens, the current results of CAR-T therapy clinical trials in T-cell malignancies, the obstacles of CAR-T therapy in T-cell malignancies, and the solutions to these issues.

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35

Hrabovský, Štěpán. "CAR T-cells: hot news in cancer therapy." Vnitřní lékařství 66, no. 7 (November 3, 2020): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2020.121.

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36

Chen, Yi-Ju, Bams Abila, and Yasser Mostafa Kamel. "CAR-T: What Is Next?" Cancers 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030663.

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The year 2017 was marked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies. The approved indications were for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in a second or later relapse. Since then, extensive research activities have been ongoing globally on different hematologic and solid tumors to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy for these diseases. Limitations to CAR-T therapy became apparent from, e.g., the relapse in up to 60% of patients and certain side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This led to extensive clinical activities aimed at overcoming these obstacles, so that the use of CAR-T therapy can be expanded. Attempts to improve on efficacy and safety include changing the CAR-T administration schedule, combining it with chemotherapy, and the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies, e.g., through the use of CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) and CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms). This review will focus on new CAR-T treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies, clinical trials aimed at improving efficacy and addressing side effects, the challenges that CAR-T therapy faces in solid tumors, and the ongoing research aimed at overcoming these challenges.

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37

Haslauer, Theresa, Richard Greil, Nadja Zaborsky, and Roland Geisberger. "CAR T-Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 8996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168996.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells (CAR T-cells) are a promising therapeutic approach in treating hematological malignancies. CAR T-cells represent engineered autologous T-cells, expressing a synthetic CAR, targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation. The most common target is CD19 on B-cells, predominantly used for the treatment of lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), leading to approval of five different CAR T-cell therapies for clinical application. Despite encouraging clinical results, treatment of other hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult. In this review, we focus especially on CAR T-cell application in different hematological malignancies as well as strategies for overcoming CAR T-cell dysfunction and increasing their efficacy.

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38

Y, Elshimali. "Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy (Car T-Cells) in Solid Tumors, Resistance and Success." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000163.

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CARs are chimeric synthetic antigen receptors that can be introduced into an immune cell to retarget its cytotoxicity toward a specific tumor antigen. CAR T-cells immunotherapy demonstrated significant success in the management of hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, limited studies are present regarding its efficacy in solid and refractory tumors. It is well known that the major concerns regarding this technique include the risk of relapse and the resistance of tumor cells, in addition to high expenses and limited affordability. Several factors play a crucial role in improving the efficacy of immunotherapy, including tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the APOBEC Protein Family, tumor microenvironment (TMI), and epigenetics. In this minireview, we address the current and future applications of CAR T-Cells against solid tumors and their measure for factors of resistance and success.

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39

Padmanjali, Daggupati Sai, Boyina Revathi, and Marri Jalaiah. "Revealing Facts About CAR-T Cell Therapy." ImmunoAnalysis 2 (December 24, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ia.2022.06.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a fast-emerging treatment for several types of cancers and has several applications beyond oncology. It is a new emerging treatment targeting for a broad range of cancers. The objective of this review is to provide the trending information on CAR-T cell therapies, basic principles involved in the CAR-T cell therapy, structure of CAR-T cell, and mainly various clinical applications in the field of oncology as well as beyond oncology, and major side effects of CAR-T cell therapy, methods to overcome the risk factors and to minimize the cost. Although, the cost of treatment is enormous, cost effectiveness can be done by understanding the demand informed by tertiary healthcare centers to manufacture units for decreasing the complexity of the procedure. But this therapy is associated with few-toxicities. Monitoring these toxicities and minimizing the severity is the main future prospective of CAR-T cell therapy. The next stage in developing CAR-T cell therapy for malignancies is to limit exposure to specific cells because future CAR-T cells can target different antigens. Due to the increasing number of potential targets for CAR-T cell therapy, this approach’s tremendous success in treating cancer may also be used to the treatment of other diseases.

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40

Eskandar, Kirolos, and Melad Sayh. "CAR-T Cell Therapy: Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 15, no. 1 (August 26, 2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev15iss1pp76-86.

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CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients with refractory and relapsed malignancies. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the development, applications, and future directions of CAR-T cell therapy. We explore the principles behind CAR-T cell engineering, highlight the clinical successes and challenges in treating hematologic malignancies, and discuss the potential and hurdles in targeting solid tumors. The review also examines the safety profiles, including adverse effects management, and delves into the mechanisms of resistance and relapse. Furthermore, we address regulatory and ethical considerations, patient perspectives, and the innovative advancements shaping the future of CAR-T cell therapy. By synthesizing current research and clinical data, this review underscores the transformative impact of CAR-T cell therapy in oncology and its promising trajectory in the fight against cancer.Keywords: CAR-T cell therapy, cancer treatment, hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, next-generation CAR-T.

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41

Ajavavarakula, Tatchapon. "CRISPR-edited CAR-T cells: Using CRISPR-Cas9 to Improve CAR-T Therapy." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 14 (September 29, 2022): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v14i.1846.

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One of the cornerstones of cancer immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy is a treatment comprising of T cells transfected with artificial receptors that target a specific tumor antigen, potentiating tumor destruction. Despite the effectiveness of this technique in treating hematopoietic malignancies, efficacy against other cancers leaves much to be desired. CAR-T therapy's anti-tumor effectiveness, safety, and accessibility are hampered by issues such T cell exhaustion, toxicity, and ineffective production techniques. With the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, allowing ease of genome editing, it is now possible to address these challenges. By introducing a double-strand break at a particular genomic location, this gene editing technology can be utilized to target inhibitors of T lymphocyte function, directed to specific loci to produce a less toxic product, and engineer allogeneic CAR-T cells. However, CRISPR-Cas9 confers its own limitations, including off-target editing. This review introduces the applications of CRISPR technology to CAR-T therapy and evaluates how the technology can optimize the effectiveness, safety, and product availability of this cancer immunotherapy. This paper also addresses some of the potential drawbacks of CRISPR-edited CAR-T cells.

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42

Ozdemirli, Metin, Thomas M. Loughney, Emre Deniz, Joeffrey J. Chahine, Maher Albitar, Stefania Pittaluga, Sam Sadigh, Philippe Armand, Aykut Uren, and Kenneth C. Anderson. "Indolent CD4+ CAR T-Cell Lymphoma after Cilta-cel CAR T-Cell Therapy." New England Journal of Medicine 390, no. 22 (June 13, 2024): 2074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2401530.

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Lyu, Mingzheng. "CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumor." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 74 (December 29, 2023): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/srya2x22.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has gained significant popularity in recent years as a promising approach for cancer treatment. This form of immunotherapy involves the genetic modification of T cells to enable them to recognize and attack cancer cells within the body. Despite the advancements in CAR-T cell therapy and related technologies, several challenges persist in the field of solid tumor research. These challenges include antigen escape, off-target effects, and the complex immune microenvironment. This study aims to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-T cell therapy specifically in the context of solid tumors, shedding light on potential avenues for further development. Furthermore, the application of CAR-T cell treatment in solid tumors, such as breast cancer, is discussed. The study also addresses various limitations associated with CAR-T cell therapy, including the influence of the immune microenvironment and the potential for antigen evasion. In addition, the study explores future directions for CAR-T cell therapy, highlighting the potential role of synthetic biology. By examining these aspects, this research aims to contribute to the understanding of CAR-T cell treatment and provide valuable insights to combat solid tumors effectively.

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Penack, Olaf, and Christian Koenecke. "Complications after CD19+ CAR T-Cell Therapy." Cancers 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113445.

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Clinical trials demonstrated that CD19+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells can be highly effective against a number of malignancies. However, the complete risk profile of CAR T-cells could not be defined in the initial trials. Currently, there is emerging evidence derived from post approval studies in CD19+ CAR T-cells demonstrating both short-term and medium-term effects, which were unknown at the time of regulatory approval. Here, we review the incidence and the current management of CD19+ CAR T-cell complications. We highlight frequently occurring events, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, metabolic complications, secondary macrophage-activation syndrome, and prolonged cytopenia. Furthermore, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that CAR T-cell-mediated toxicities can involve any other organ system and we discuss the potential risk of long-term complications. Finally, we discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical data shedding new light on the pathophysiology of CAR T-cell-related complications.

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Johnson, P. Connor, and Jeremy S. Abramson. "Engineered T Cells: CAR T Cell Therapy and Beyond." Current Oncology Reports 24, no. 1 (January 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11912-021-01161-4.

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Themeli, Maria. "Selecting CD7− T cells for CAR T-cell therapy." Blood 140, no. 25 (December 22, 2022): 2652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022017935.

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Fang, Yixuan, Boxu Liu, and Wenze Song. "CAR-T Therapy: A Promising Cancer Treatment." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (August 17, 2022): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1116.

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CAR-T therapy is a new clinical treatment option. It is the focus of an increasing number of researches, all of which suggested that it has a beneficial therapeutic effect on a variety of diseases, especially blood cancer. In this paper, clinic applications of CAR-T therapy for many diseases are listed, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hepatitis B, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The differences between CAR-T therapy and other cancer treatments like tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and T cell receptor therapy were discussed, standard biological medicines, and antibody-mediated anti-cancer drugs. The study also looks at the limitations and side-effects of CAR-T therapy, such as toxicity, and missing the target. The disadvantages, constraints, and options for improvement were also discussed in the paper. To summarize, CAR-T therapy has a good therapeutic function on some illnesses, although it is still in the experimental stage and is not commonly used in the clinic. In the near future, CAR-T therapy is likely to be used in a rising range of therapeutic therapies. In general, this paper can help get a better knowledge of CAR-T treatment, as well as a more exact comprehension of its future evolution.

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Song, Danyang. "Epigenetic Strategies to Optimize CAR-T Therapy." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 102 (July 11, 2024): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/pfsjee15.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells that are obtained from the specific patient, modified genetically ex vivo, and possess the remarkable capability to identify and eradicate targeted cancer cells. These modified cells are subsequently reintroduced into the patient, effectively treating blood cancer. CAR-T therapy is approved to be applied in leukemia due to its great clinical therapeutic effect on B cell hematological malignancies. However, solid tumors are more resistant to this therapy for many reasons. The abnormal vascular structure of solid tumors hampers CAR-T cell trafficking. Various kinds of immunosuppressive cells and chemicals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) accelerates CAR-T cell exhaustion, showing poor persistence in vivo. More and more researches have demonstrated that T cell fate is strongly associated with epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic modification is not a direct addition or deletion of DNA, but a reversible method including modifications on DNA and histones, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulations. The change of epigenetic landscape in CAR-T cells largely determines the therapeutic performance in vivo. This research outlines three major barriers in CAR-T therapy, including T cell exhaustion, differentiation and infiltration. Additionally, the research elucidates several promising epigenetic reprogramming strategies to reduce CAR-T cells exhaustion, modulate the cell differentiation process, and enhance their infiltration into solid tumors.

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Preto de Godoy, Juliana, Martín Bonamino, Raquel Melo Alves Paiva, Andrea Tiemi Kondo, Oswaldo Keith Okamoto, and Lucila Nassif Kerbauy. "CAR-T cell production." JOURNAL OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY 3, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.46765/2675-374x.2022v3n1p155.

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Cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) is a type of immunotherapy that involves the manipulation and reprogramming of immune cells (T lymphocytes) in order to recognize and kill tumor cells. For use in patients, CAR-T cells must be manufcatured inside a GMP facility according to a established procedure.

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Messmer, Anna S., Yok-Ai Que, Christoph Schankin, Yara Banz, Ulrike Bacher, Urban Novak, and Thomas Pabst. "CAR T-cell therapy and critical care." Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 133, no. 23-24 (October 6, 2021): 1318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01948-2.

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SummaryChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‑cells are genetically engineered to give T‑cells the ability to attack specific cancer cells, and to improve outcome of patients with refractory/relapsed aggressive B‑cell malignancies. To date, several CAR T‑cell products are approved and additional products with similar indication or extended to other malignancies are currently being evaluated. Side effects of CAR T‑cell treatment are potentially severe or even life-threatening immune-related toxicities, specifically cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Consequently, medical emergency teams (MET) are increasingly involved in the assessment and management of CAR T‑cell recipients. This article describes the principles of CAR T‑cell therapy and summarizes the main complications and subsequent therapeutic interventions aiming to provide a survival guide for METs with a proposed management algorithm.

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