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Gupta, Vaibhav, Sharma M.L, and Tripathi K.C. "USED CAR PRICE PREDICTION." International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation 1, no. 10 (December 14, 2021): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.10.005.
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Cars have become a necessity in this modern world. Every middle class family needs a vehicle or a mode of transport in order to move from one place to another. Not everyone is able to afford a new vehicle as they are costly and there’s an added cost of taxes and various other expenses by both the provider/company of the car as well as the government. Moreover, not every customer is sure of spending a sum of their wealth on a certain car. The product might not meet their needs. The solution to this problem of having a car despite not being able to afford one is met by buying and selling second hand cars. It has become its own market now. There are already numerous companies and websites and app based services that serve as a mediator or a platform for the dealing of second hand or used cars and other vehicles. Establishment of such places is easy but there is another problem that still remains- How to price the used car appropriately at a price comfortable for both the seller and the buyer? Luckily, the Used Car Price Prediction systems exist and can be developed. Users might think that it’s easy to determine the price of a used car, and whether there is even a need to have such a system. In truth, there are a lot of factors that are important in determining the price of a second hand vehicle. The quality of a vehicle deteriorates with age1 of course but that is not all. Every single vehicle is different even when it is manufactured and sold as a new product and even more so when the same vehicle is used over time. Different people may use their vehicles more or less depending on their everyday activity, making kilometers driven as one of the important factors for the price prediction. It is obvious that a vehicle which is driven for 2000 kilometers in 1 year would be priced less than a vehicle which has been driven for only 500 kilometers in 2 years. This is just one of the factors that determine the price of a used car. In our Car Price Prediction System, we have used the Year of Manufacturing (used to determine the age of the vehicle by subtracting this from the date of selling), the original maximum retail price of the vehicle (the price at which the vehicle was sold at from the manufacturing company/garage), the fuel type of the vehicle (Petrol, Diesel, CNG, Electric ; This affects the pricing severely as different fuel type engines have different prime performance periods and different rates of deterioration), Seller Type (Individual or Dealership), Transmission (Manual or Automatic), Number of past owners of the vehicle. Using all these factors2, we are going to determine which model is best to determine a price for the used vehicle. For the Car Price Prediction System, Regression models3are used since these models give the results as a continuous curve instead of a categorized value as a result. Due to this, we can use the continuous curve to determine an accurate price for each and every scenario which won’t be possible if the results obtained were in the form of a range. The final model of the system will implement the best suited algorithm and have a UI (User Interface) which make it possible for a user to be able to enter the values of these deciding factors and the system will predict the price for them. Keywords: Car price prediction, machine learning, regression analysis, linear regression, correlation analysis
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Dahiya, Himanshu, Chetan Aggarwal, Shubh Goyal, and Mini Agarwal. "USED CAR PRICE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING." International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation 1, no. 10 (November 6, 2021): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.10.002.
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Cars are an important asset and their importance has increased exponentially in our life. With the increase in the demand and growing needs, the production of cars has also increased. But due to inflation in the prices of new cars, there are people who still can only afford a used car due to their financial conditions. This whole process has given rise to the used car market, which is outperforming many other industries and is rising every day. The rising market for the used car has also resulted in a great increment in sales of Used Cars. Used Car Sales are on a global increase. But, determining the appropriate listing price of a used car is a challenging task, due to the many factors that drive prices of a used vehicle in the market. And that is why there is an urgent need for a system which can accurately predict the price of a used car. considering all the factors that affect the price of a used car. Keywords: Used Car Price Prediction, Linear Regression, XGBoost, Decision Tree
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Prieto, Marc. "Do Amateur Sellers Adopt The Professionals Price Ending Formats? Lessons From The Used Car Market." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i2.8408.
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This study investigates the differences between professional retailers and amateur resellers in their adoption of different price ending formats. We conduct our analysis on a 1,700 ads car pool representative of the French used car market to demonstrate how seller profiles and car attributes impact price ending formats adoption. The results reveal that amateur sellers are more likely to use round ending prices than professionals, especially for expensive and high mileage cars. Furthermore, product attributes (extras) and obsolescence indicators significantly moderate the choices of price ending formats.
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Yadav, Anu, Ela Kumar, and Piyush Kumar Yadav. "Object detection and used car price predicting analysis system (UCPAS) using machine learning technique." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S2 (November 3, 2021): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1660.
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The highly interesting research area that noticed in the last few years is object detection and find out the prediction based on the features that can be benefited to consumers and the industry. In this paper, we understand the concept of object detection like the car detection, to look into the price of a second-hand car using automatic machine learning methods. We also understand the concept of object detection categories. Nowadays, the most challenging task is to determine what is the listed price of a used car on the market, Possibility of various factors that can drive a used car price. The main objective of this paper is to develop machine learning models which make it possible to accurately predict the price of a second-hand car according to its parameter or characteristics. In this paper, implementation techniques and evaluation methods are used on a Car dataset consisting of the selling prices of various models of car across different cities of India. The outcome of this experiment shows that clustering with linear regression and Random Forest model yield the best accuracy outcome. The machine learning model produces a satisfactory result within a short duration of time compared to the aforementioned self.
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NEVEZHIN, V. P. "DETERMINING THE AVERAGE PRICE OF NEW CARS IN RUSSIA USING A DYNAMIC MODEL." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 3 (2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.01.005.
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The article deals with the issues of sales in the passenger car market and the factors that influence these sales. The main trends of the automotive market of new cars are studied. The reasons that contribute to the growth of prices for new cars are determined. On the basis of statistical data on car prices for the last four years, an econometric model of the time series is constructed, taking into account seasonal changes in sales. The obtained model and its application possibilities for obtaining a forecast of the average price of a middle-class passenger car in the short term are considered. Based on this model, a forecast of the average price for four periods is made, which is confirmed by the actual values of prices for middle-class cars in 2019.
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Hayes, John. "What price the green car?" Reinforced Plastics 34, no. 4 (April 1990): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-3617(90)90045-g.
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Salim, Fadzilah, and Nur Azman Abu. "A Novel S-Regression Model on an Auto Price." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14282.
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A simple linear regression model is useful in a prediction model. A general linear regression beyond a single independent variable is still not popular. A nonlinear regression can be easily produced a better predictive model but it is difficult to construct. The objective of this paper is to propose a technique for predicting the price of used cars in Malaysia using S-shaped curve model. In this paper, the S-shaped Membership Function [SMF] is used as the basis to develop a novel S-Regression model. Comparisons between linear regression, cubic regression and S-Regression have been made on the used car prices. The mean squared error of S-Regression model is found to be closer to cubic regression than the linear regression. S-Regression model is found to be quite suitable to represent the relationship between the price of a used car and the make year of a car. The result demonstrates that the S-Regression model gives better and practical estimate of the price of a used car in Malaysia.
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Taylor, Christina J., and Sharon M. Dawid. "Bargaining for a New Car: The Knowledgeable versus the Naive Consumer." Psychological Reports 59, no. 1 (August 1986): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.1.284.
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A field experiment was conducted on the use of bargaining strategies for a new car. Confederates (3 men, 5 women) behaved as either knowledgeable or naive consumers in obtaining an initial price offer on a new Ford Mustang. In the knowledgeable consumer condition, confederates carried a price guide and asked the salesperson for a price offer on a Mustang with a specific set of options. In the naive consumer condition, the confederates did not carry a price guide and they asked the salesperson to review the available options. Each confederate obtained three price offers in each condition. As predicted, the prices obtained in the knowledgeable consumer condition were significantly lower than in the naive consumer condition.
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Jiang, Pingjun. "Exploring the Price Efficiency within Automotive Markets - An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis." International Journal of Market Research 51, no. 3 (January 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078530905100305.
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Using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this paper compares the price of each car model in a segment of the personal car market with the best possible price in view of the technology available given its particular combination of characteristics. In this approach, a car model is defined as price efficient if it offers customers the highest value per dollar spent for that set of characteristics. Likewise, a car model is inefficient if there is some other car model with a lower price having equivalent or higher quality, whereby a measure of the price efficiency is determined by the price reduction needed to make a car model efficient. The data set covers 141 different year 2002 car models. The vehicles that are listed by Edmunds.com as consumers’ most wanted are compared with those at the top of our efficiency list. It is found that the majority of cars at the top of the list are also listed as most wanted by Edmunds.com. Evidently, consumers who usually make decisions based on price and quality information will naturally employ a heuristic such as ‘buy car models at the top of price efficiency list’ if this list is made available to them.
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Setiadi, Jeremi Francis, and Tommy Setiawan Ruslim. "Pengaruh Citra Merek terhadap Niat Beli Konsumen (Studi pada Toyota Agya)." Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan 2, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v2i3.9572.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether 1) brand image significantly influences the consumer price of Toyota Agya cars. 2) brand image significantly influences the perceived quality of consumers of Toyota Agya cars. 3) perceived price significantly influences the purchase intention of Toyota Agya car consumers. 4) perceived quality significantly influences the purchase intention of Toyota Agya car consumers. 5) brand image significantly influences the purchase intention of Toyota Agya car consumers mediated by perceived price. 6) brand image significantly influences the purchase intention of Toyota Agya car consumers mediated by perceived quality. Sample was selected by convenience sampling method with a total of 100 samples. And the results of this study indicate that the brand image has a positive and significant effect on the perceived price and perceived quality of Toyota Agya car consumers, the perceived price has a positive but not significant effect on the purchase intention of Toyota Agya car consumers, perceived quality has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of Toyota car consumers Agya, brand image has a positive but not significant effect on consumer purchase intentions mediated by perceived prices, and brand image has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intentions mediated by perceived qualityTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah 1) Brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perceived price konsumen mobil Toyota Agya. 2) Brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perceived quality konsumen mobil Toyota Agya. 3) Perceived price berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya. 4) Perceived quality berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya. 5) Brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya yang dimediasi oleh perceived price. 6) Brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya yang dimediasi oleh perceived quality. Sampel dipilih dengan metode convenience sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 100 sampel. Dan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived price dan perceived quality konsumen mobil Toyota Agya, perceived price berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya, perceived quality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen mobil Toyota Agya, brand image berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen yang dimediasi oleh perceived price, dan brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention konsumen yang dimediasi oleh perceived quality
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Fadzilah Salim and Nur Azman Abu. "Used Car Price Estimation: Moving from Linear Regression towards a New S-Curve Model." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 1174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4293.2021.
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A simple linear regression is commonly used as a practical predictive model on a used car price. It is a useful model which carry smaller prediction errors around its central mean. Practically, real data will hardly produce a linear relationship. A non-linear model has been observed to better forecast any price appreciation and manage prediction errors in real-life phenomena. In this paper, an S-curve model shall be proposed as an alternative non-linear model in estimating the price of used cars. A dynamic S-shaped Membership Function (SMF) is used as a basis to build an S-curve pricing model in this research study. Real used car price data has been collected from a popular website. Comparisons against linear regression and cubic regression are made. An S-curve model has produced smaller error than linear regression while its residual is closer to a cubic regression. Overall, an S-curve model is anticipated to provide a better and more practical estimate on used car prices in Malaysia.
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Chandak, Ashish, Prajwal Ganorkar, Shyam Sharma, Ayushi Bagmar, and Soumya Tiwari. "Car Price Prediction Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i5.444450.
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Siva, Ramgiri, and Adimoolam M. "Linear Regression Algorithm Based Price Prediction of Car and Accuracy Comparison with Support Vector Machine Algorithm." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 12953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.12953ecst.
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The aim of the study is to use Linear Regression (LR) algorithm based price prediction of car price and accuracy comparison with support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm. Materials and methods: LR (N=205) and SVM algorithm (N=205) are applied for car price prediction as a mechanism. The accuracy and prediction of the classifiers was evaluated and recorded with G power 80% and alpha value 0.05. Results: The SVM produces 89% accuracy in predicting the car price on the sample dataset and the LR predicts the accuracy at the rate 91.7%. LR algorithm based accuracy appears (significant 0.563) to be better than SVM algorithm for car price prediction. Conclusion: The accuracy performance parameter of the LR algorithm appears to be better than the SVM algorithm.
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Amik, Fahad Rahman, Akash Lanard, Ahnaf Ismat, and Sifat Momen. "Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Price of Pre-Owned Cars in Bangladesh." Information 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12120514.
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Pre-owned cars (i.e., cars with one or more previous retail owners) are extremely popular in Bangladesh. Customers who plan to purchase a pre-owned car often struggle to find a car within a budget as well as to predict the price of a particular pre-owned car. Currently, Bangladesh lacks online services that can provide assistance to customers purchasing pre-owned cars. A good prediction of prices of pre-owned cars can help customers greatly in making an informed decision about buying a pre-owned car. In this article, we look into this problem and develop a forecasting system (using machine learning techniques) that helps a potential buyer to estimate the price of a pre-owned car he is interested in. A dataset is collected and pre-processed. Exploratory data analysis has been performed. Following that, various machine learning regression algorithms, including linear regression, LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting have been applied. After evaluating the performance of each method, the best-performing model (XGBoost) was chosen. This model is capable of properly predicting prices more than 91% of the time. Finally, the model has been deployed as a web application in a local machine so that this can be later made available to end users.
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Suprapto, Widjojo, Stefany Stefany, and Shahzad Ali. "Service Quality, Store Image, Price Consciousness, and Repurchase Intention on Mobile Home Service." SHS Web of Conferences 76 (2020): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601056.
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In facing fierce business competition, car maintenance workshops deal with it by creating new services often called mobile home services because there are many customers who are constrained by their time to do car services. To win the business competition, many services are made to comply with the needs and desires of their customers by paying attention to service quality and store image to provoke repurchase intention because nowadays, many customers are also more aware of prices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of service quality, store image, and price consciousness on repurchase intention for mobile home services. This type of research uses a quantitative approach through survey methods. The population in this study is the customers who use car repair shops in the past year with a sample size of 55 respondents. Data analysis techniques in this study use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) assisted with Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) software. The results show that service quality has a positive effect on price consciousness, store image has a positive effect on price consciousness, and price consciousness has a positive effect on repurchase Intention on mobile home services.
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Kaban, Audrey Alviona Ribuna, and Sri Yani Kusumastuti. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pernjualan Mobil Sedan di Indonesia dan Memprediksi Penerimaan Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM) Kendaraan Mobil Periode 2013-2017." Jurnal Ekonomi KIAT 30, no. 1 (September 29, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/kiat.2019.vol30(1).3880.
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This study aims to examine the effect of previously sales, price of the goods, and price of subtitute goods to sales of sedan car. Independent variables used in this study previously sales, price of the goods, and price of subtitute goods, and prediction of sales tax on luxury goods. Shile the dependent variable in thisstudy was measured using sales of sedan cars the measured of the car unit is succesfully sold every year during in the period 2013-2017. The population in this study amounted to 24 sedan’s companies list on Combined Motor Vehicle Industry (GAIKINDO) during 2013 until 2017. Determination of the sample using purpossive sampling method and obtained a sample of 5 sedan’s companies based on certain criteria. The analysis tool used in the panel and the selected model is fixed effect model. The result show that previous sales has positively effect on the sales of sedan car, price of the goods has positive effect on the sales of sedan car. Meanwhile price of subtitute goods has negative effect on the sales of sedan car.
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Pleshcheva, Vlada, and Daniel Klapper. "The Moderating Effect of Fuel Prices on the Market Value of Fuel Economy, Driving Intensity, and CO2 Emissions." Marketing ZFP 42, no. 1 (2020): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-1-48.
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In this paper, we explore co-movements of the vehicle price sensitivity to fuel economy with changes in fuel prices. Previous literature has investigated the responsiveness of vehicle prices to fuel prices or fuel economy. We are interested in the interaction effect of fuel prices and fuel economy and answer the question of how exactly the market value of fuel economy depends on the fuel price. By looking at the role of fuel prices as a moderator for the market value of fuel economy, we are able to differentiate between consumers’ valuation of fuel economy versus their reaction to changes in fuel prices. We apply a hedonic price model to the German automobile market by using data on detailed technical specifications of high-sales vehicles of three consecutive model years. In contrast to previous research, where the marginal benefits of driving a car with a particular fuel economy remained constant, we allow it to vary with fuel prices. It enables us to investigate two sources of changes in the market value for fuel economy. The first source, as in the previous studies, corresponds to changes in the budget for driving a car, whereas the second source reflects changes in the capital investments in a better fuel economy. The total effect of these two sources may lead to either a decrease or an increase in the vehicle distance traveled. We study the differences in the impact of fuel prices for various car makes of both diesel and gasoline engines. Our results suggest that there are substantial differences in the market values of fuel economy between diesel and gasoline vehicles and their responsiveness to changes in fuel prices. Diesel cars are characterized by the more elastic price gradient of fuel economy to fuel prices compared to gasoline cars. The revealed high responsiveness of the market value of fuel economy to fuel prices results in an optimal annual driving intensity that is an increasing function of fuel prices. It implies that, during the period of investigation, the marginal benefit of driving a car of a specific fuel economy was higher than the corresponding fuel price effect on the budget for driving. Using the quantified impact of fuel prices on the market value of fuel economy, we also assess the implied changes in the kilometers driven with cars and the resulting CO2 emissions. The current study presents an empirical application of statistical analysis to a topic of interest to readers in the areas of quantitative economics and economic policy.
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Liu, Bing Guo. "Vehicle Driving Oil-Saving Technologies Discussed in this Paper." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2470.
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with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, rapid growth of the road mileage, the rapid growth of usage of the car begin to render phase geometry orders of magnitude, however, as the international oil prices gradually rise, the domestic refined oil price is high, the use of the car costs are rising fast. Therefore, how to better maintenance of vehicles, and change some of the original bad driving technology, can make the car in the most fuel-efficient and has become a very meaningful topic.
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Gil-Pareja, Salvador, and Simón Sosvilla-Rivero. "Price convergence in the European car market." Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (January 2008): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840600749847.
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Kooreman, Peter, and Marco A. Haan. "Price Anomalies in the Used Car Market." De Economist 154, no. 1 (March 2006): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10645-006-6485-z.
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Xia, Yan, Jie Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Jing Dong. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Vehicle Usage Data Collected in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837960.
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This paper investigates the economic viability of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in Shanghai, China based on a real-world in-use PHEV dataset. To quantify PHEV drivers’ gross profit compared with internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) owners, a total cost of ownership (TCO) model is adopted taking account of vehicle retail price, tax credits, subsidies, insurance, maintenance, energy prices, and resale value. The impact of the determinants for gross profit are examined in relation to vehicle distance traveled (VDT) electrically, gasoline price, electricity price, and car-buying cost. It is found that: (1) only 10% of the deployment of PHEVs (i.e., BYD Qin) is economically viable if the benefit from a free license plate is exempt; (2) the 100-kilometer gross profit of PHEVs increases linearly with the electric driving distance, while the saving of energy cost per kilometer decreases with the total VDT; (3) PHEVs’ profit could be significantly improved by reducing the car-buying cost—a decrease of 10% in car-buying cost makes 80% of the PHEV deployment feasible; and (4) if switching the daytime charges to off-peak hours, 50% of the PHEV deployment will become feasible.
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Rimple, Manchanda, Manchiraju Srikant, Abidi Naseem, and Mishra Jitendra Kumar. "A study of interaction of materialism and money attitude and its impact on car purchase." Management & Marketing 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0017.
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Abstract The present study investigates how the interaction of materialism and money attitude affects individuals choice of car price range in recent purchases (i.e., within the past six months). Car purchase behavior in terms of car price range has also been tested for different income groups, age groups and gender in National Capital Region (India). The data was collected through judgment sampling from 164 respondents, who recently purchased a new car for their personal use. The findings revealed that there is a significant association between materialism and different attitudes regarding the amount of money used by the respondents to purchase a car during the last six months. Level of materialism varies across different income levels and money attitude differs between males and females. Income was found to be the only variable that had significant association with choice of car price range. Age and gender did not seem to affect the car purchase behavior. This research has implications for the automobile industry and organizations in allied business activities, policy makers and marketers.
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Rampo, Yohanis. "Analysis of the Use of Fiber Material in Car." ACTUATOR : Jurnal Teknik Mesin 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/actjtm.v1i1.108.
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Analysis of the use of fiber in cars is carried out at automotive dealers and workshops and sales of cars. The objective of this research is the body and several accessories components in cars include the Suzuki New Ertiga, Honda Mobilio, Xenia Daihatsu, Avanza and Veloz. The material analyzed is fiber glass which is analyzed from its strength, torque and power. The results, there are significant relationship between the torque and power, lower production costs and material prices compared to the price of metal and not rust.
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Al-Baidhani, A. M., A. Abdullah, M. Ariff, F. F. Cheng, and Y. Karbhari. "Earnings response coefficient: Applying individual and portfolio methods." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3c1art4.
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This paper reports new findings from applying portfolio method, which shows a much bigger earnings impact on share prices (ERC) compared to the erstwhile reports of ERC using individual events, averaged over the sample. We estimate cumulative abnormal returns, CAR, across a test window for each quarterly earnings announcement event across one accounting year. The CARs are then regressed against earnings changes of individual firms and portfolios. The findings show a significant positive CAR when earnings increases; and a negative CAR if earnings declines. The ERC is very small in the test period of 2001-14, which is consistent with published results for years before 2000. The ERC size magnifies substantially due to the grouping effect used through portfolio formation. What is significant is that the use of portfolio method, by removing the idiosyncratic errors, show a price response very close to the size of earnings. The last evidence supports strongly the value relevance accounting theory that has not seen much support from averaging the price responses of individual event responses.
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Manfi, Masrulin Dwi. "Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Harga dan Kepercayaan Konsumen terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Pencucian Mobil Si Galuh Samarinda." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Fisipol Unmul 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.54144/jadbis.v9i2.5406.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Service Quality, Price and Consumer Trust on Service Usage Decisions at Si Galuh Car Wash. There are three independent variables in this study, namely Service Quality (X1), Price (X2) Consumer Confidence (X3) and one dependent variable, namely Service Use Decision (Y). The number of samples in this study were 100 consumers in Si Galuh Car Wash and data analysis used SPSS version25 software. The tests carried out in this study are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, correlation coefficient test, determination coefficient test, t test and f test. The results in this study are the service quality variable partially has a positive and significant effect while the price and consumer trust variables partially have a positive but insignificant effect on the decision to use services at Si Galuh Car Wash. The results of the f test (simultaneous) show that service quality, price and consumer trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the decision to use services at Si Galuh Car Wash. There are deficiencies in Si Galuh Car Wash, namely the less comfortable waiting room, this is evidenced by 44 of the 100 respondents who were researched, 44 stated that the waiting room at Si Galuh Car Wash was uncomfortable and 16 people stated that it was uncomfortable. It is recommended that Si Galuh Car Wash create a more comfortable waiting room for consumers so that consumers who wash their vehicles can feel comfortable while waiting for their vehicles to be washed.
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Soegeng Wahyoedi, Saparso, and Miki Effendi. "The Role Of Brand Image As Mediating Variable In The Influence Of Price And Promotion On Buying Interest (Study Case On Hyundai Electric Car)." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 1743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i5.296.
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The development of environmentally friendly vehicles is currently a global trend among car manufacturers. This is in addition to being triggered by regulations from countries that have committed in the 2016 Paris agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save fossil-based fuels that will run out, considering that fossil fuels are a type of non-renewable natural resource. For this reason, the global automotive industry has begun to produce electric cars, which are referred to as renewable energy sources, and to reduce carbon emissions. Because this electric car is a new product, researchers are interested in knowing how someone is buying an electric car. One of the elements that influence a person's buying interest is the price. Besides the price, buying interest is also influenced by promotion. With the proper promotion, it can encourage people to buy. Therefore, this study wanted to examine the effect of price and promotion on buying interest mediated by brand image. Sampling using non-probability sampling and purposive sampling with criteria for the general public living in Jabodetabek who already have a car and can buy a car. Data analysis in this study used a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach based on Partial Least Square. This study found that price, promotion, and brand image had a significant and positive effect on buying interest. Brand image mediates significantly and positively the relationship between price and promotion on purchase intention.
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Lai Cao Mai, Phuong. "How COVID-19 impacts Vietnam’s banking stocks: An event study method." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.09.
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The banking industry is one of the major industries in the Vietnamese stock market, so understanding how the industry index reacts to unusual events such as COVID-19’s impact is very important for the development of the Vietnamese stock market. This study examines the response of the banking sector index to three lockdown/blockage announcements to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam in 2020. Three times of lockdown/blockage: On February 13, 2020, blockade of Son Loi commune, Vinh Phuc province; on March 30, 2020, Vietnam announced the nationwide epidemic of COVID-19 and then nationwide lockdown, and on July 28, 2020, blockade in Da Nang. In the first case, the abnormal returns changed the sign around the notification date indicating that the stock price deviated from its fair value, but accumulating abnormal returns CAR (0;3] and CAR (0; 2] are both positive and statistically significant, which means that investors are more secure when the epidemic area is tightly controlled. The nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on the stock price when both AR and CAR were negative and statistically significant before and after the date of the event’s announcement. Nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on stock prices as both AR and CAR were negative in the days before and days after the event. This result supports the theory of imperfect substitution. Only AR [2] was positive and statistically significant, showing that the blockade event in Da Nang had a slight impact on the banking sector’s stock price.
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K., Vengatesan. "A Random Forest-based Classification Method for Prediction of Car Price." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 2639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr2020298.
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Chisasa, Joseph, and Winnie Dlamini. "An Empirical Analysis Of The Interest Rate-Vehicle Purchase Decision Nexus In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7823.
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The domestic passenger car market has witnessed substantial growth in South Africa. At the same time, bank repossessions and black-listing of defaulting borrowers have increased in sympathy. This paper empirically examines the link between interest rates and the borrowers decision to purchase a passenger vehicle in South Africa. We use monthly time series data of passenger vehicles purchased, household income, fuel prices, prime interest rates and producer price index for manufacturers from January 1995 to December 2011. With passenger vehicle unit purchases as the dependent variable, we obtain OLS estimates of the passenger vehicle purchase function. Results show that there is a negative, but insignificant, relationship between interest rates and passenger vehicle purchases in South Africa. Holding other factors constant, a 1% increase in interest rate results in a 0.9% decrease in passenger vehicle purchases. Household income, fuel price and producer price index are observed to have a positive and insignificant impact on the decision to purchase a passenger vehicle. Our results have policy and decision making implications to lenders and borrowers, respectively.
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Meng, Shiang-Min, Li-Jen Liu, Mikhail Kuritsyn, and Vladislav Pechnikov. "Price Determinants on Used Car Auction in Taiwan." International Journal of Asian Social Science 9, no. 1 (2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2019.91.48.58.
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Verboven, Frank. "International Price Discrimination in the European Car Market." RAND Journal of Economics 27, no. 2 (1996): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555925.
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Israeli, Ayelet, Fiona Scott-Morton, Jorge Silva-Risso, and Florian Zettelmeyer. "How Market Power Affects Dynamic Pricing: Evidence from Inventory Fluctuations at Car Dealerships." Management Science 68, no. 2 (February 2022): 895–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.3967.
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This paper investigates empirically the effect of market power on dynamic pricing in the presence of inventories. Our setting is the auto retail industry; we analyze how automotive dealerships adjust prices to inventory levels under varying degrees of market power. We first establish that inventory fluctuations create scarcity rents for cars that are in short supply. We then show that dealers’ ability to adjust prices in response to inventory depends on their market power, that is, the quantity of substitute inventory in their selling area. Specifically, we show that the slope of the price–inventory relationship (higher inventory lowers prices) is significantly steeper when dealers find themselves in a situation of high rather than low market power. A dealership with high market power moving from a situation of inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.57% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 32.5% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $145.6 on the average car. Conversely, when competition is more intense, moving from inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.35% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 20.2% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $90.9. To our knowledge, we are the first to empirically show that market power affects firms’ ability to dynamically price. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
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Israeli, Ayelet, Fiona Scott-Morton, Jorge Silva-Risso, and Florian Zettelmeyer. "How Market Power Affects Dynamic Pricing: Evidence from Inventory Fluctuations at Car Dealerships." Management Science 68, no. 2 (February 2022): 895–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.3967.
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This paper investigates empirically the effect of market power on dynamic pricing in the presence of inventories. Our setting is the auto retail industry; we analyze how automotive dealerships adjust prices to inventory levels under varying degrees of market power. We first establish that inventory fluctuations create scarcity rents for cars that are in short supply. We then show that dealers’ ability to adjust prices in response to inventory depends on their market power, that is, the quantity of substitute inventory in their selling area. Specifically, we show that the slope of the price–inventory relationship (higher inventory lowers prices) is significantly steeper when dealers find themselves in a situation of high rather than low market power. A dealership with high market power moving from a situation of inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.57% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 32.5% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $145.6 on the average car. Conversely, when competition is more intense, moving from inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.35% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 20.2% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $90.9. To our knowledge, we are the first to empirically show that market power affects firms’ ability to dynamically price. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
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Mougeot, Michel, and Sonia Schwartz. "A Discriminatory Mechanism to Reduce Urban Congestion." German Economic Review 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12124.
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AbstractIn this article, we propose an optimal mechanism to reduce congestion when information is asymmetric. Each car driver receives a quantity of traffic rights such that his adjusted marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost of congestion and payments are based on willingness to pay. We show that the level of congestion achieved is lower and each car user can receive more or fewer rights than under complete information. With symmetric beliefs, the payment rule results from a seconddegree price discrimination. When beliefs are asymmetric, it results simultaneously from a second-degree price discrimination and from a third-degree price discrimination and high willingness-to-pay car users are discriminated against. The revenue raised can be used to reduce distortionary taxes, thereby gaining public acceptability.
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Rai, Bharat. "Consumer Brand Preference in Buying Car in Nepal." KMC Research Journal 3, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v3i3.35686.
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The main objective this study is to identify the factors affecting the consumer brand preference in the choice of car in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study examines how the price perception, appearance perception and brand personality affect in the consumer brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. The study focuses on how the consumer preferred to select the car and which factor has the more prominent role for brand preference and selection of car. Primary data has been used in the study. The structured questionnaire has been used for collection of primary data. Convenient sampling technique has been used to collect information from the respondents and 265 respondents have been taken from customers buying car in Kathmandu. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis have been used to diagnose data collected to draw valid conclusions using SPSS AMOS 21. Price perception, appearance perception and brand personality are taken as independent variables to explore the degree of relationship with consumer behavior and to explore the impact of these variables on consumer behavior while making decision to purchase a car. Correlation showed that all independent variables have significant relationship with dependent variable. The path analysis showed that there is a significant impact of appearance perception and brand personality on consumer behavior in buying of car but price perception has no significant impact on consumer behavior in buying of car in Nepalese market.
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Bharambe, Prof Pallavi, Bhargav Bagul, Shreyas Dandekar, and Prerna Ingle. "Used Car Price Prediction using Different Machine Learning Algorithms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41300.
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Abstract: A car price prediction has been a high-interest research area, as it needed recognizable effort and knowledge of the field expert. This paper mainly focuses on working of three different kind regression algorithms which are used to predict price of a used car. In this project, We have Considered number of distinct attributes which are examined for the reliable and accurate prediction. To build a model for predicting the price of used cars we have used three different kinds of machine learning techniques which comes under supervised machine learning type of algorithm which are linear regression, lasso regression and ridge regression respectively. we have used Python libraries to design GUI for our project and some other machine learning related libraries like Numpy, Pandas, Sklearn etc. we have calculated and compared the accuracies of three machine learning algorithms. The accuracies for linear regression, lasso and Ridge regression were 83.65%, 87.09% and 84.00% respectively. The final main price is predicted according to lasso regression as it gives highest accuracy amongst three different algorithms. Keywords: car price prediction, machine learning, Regression techniques, linear regression, lasso regression, ridge regression
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Zeng, Youzhi, Bin Ran, Ning Zhang, and Xiaobao Yang. "Estimating the Price Elasticity of Train Travel Demand and Its Variation Rules and Application in Energy Used and CO2 Emissions." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020475.
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Investigation shows that train travel has a lower pollution impact on the environment than flight travel or car travel. A stated preferences (SP) survey can effectively obtain the data of the commuter’s response to the hypothetical train price changes beyond the scope of previous observations. To this end, based on SP survey, we estimate the price elasticity of train travel demand and analyze its variation rules. It is shown that: (1) the own-price elasticities of demand are −1.049028 during peak period and −1.090438 during off-peak period, respectively; (2) the cross-price elasticities of demand are 0.001280 for train and air and 0.001156 for train and car during peak period; and 0.001350 for train and air and 0.001230 for train and car during off-peak period; (3) the own and cross-price elasticities of demand during off-peak period are bigger than the ones during peak period; (4) when the influence factors’ influence degree is 3 or 5, the own and cross-price elasticities of demand are largest; when the influence degree is 1, the own and cross-price elasticities of demand are smallest. A result application example shows that the elasticities obtained from this paper could be used to reduce energy used and CO2 emissions effectively.
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Yoristar, Denny. "The Influence of Price Fairness to Customer Satisfaction." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 7, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v7i1.1150.
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The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of price fairness, customer satisfaction, empirically demonstrate the influence of perceived price fairness that can be broken down into price perception, consumer vulnerability, price offer fairness and price procedure fairness. Methodology used in this research is descriptive analysis, which is to identify characteristics of variables under certain circumstances and to scribal down the response of automobile customers in Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok, and Tangerang. Variables measurement ranked from price perception, consumer vulnerability, price offer fairness, price procedure fairness, satisfied with dealer's service, satisfied with delivery car and satisfied with purchase that the result would be used as information to manage automobile sales. The collected data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. This research concluded that variable of price perception and perceived vulnerability has a significant impact toward price offer fairness, variable of price offer fairness and price procedure fairness has no effect toward satisfied with purchase, and variable of satisfied with dealer's service and satisfied with delivery car significantly affect the satisfied with purchase variable.
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Muhfiatun, M., and Susi Riyantika. "The Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) Program in Islamic Perspective." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 4, no. 2 (October 9, 2016): 082. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2016.042-02.
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Recently the Government of Indonesia makes a program of Low Cost Green Car (LCGC). The purpose of the program is to support the independence LCGC four-wheeled vehicles industry in order to anticipate the trend of increased demand for energy-efficient motor vehicles and reasonably priced. LCGC program is polemical prolonged. Protests came from all circles. Such as Local Officials, to the Economist. Because the program is properly designed like a cheap car city so that it’s bought by urban communities only According to The Ministry of Industry Article 1 (e) that the Green Car is set up with the price of Rp. 95,000,000.00 (ninety five million). In this case, the government intervened by way Ceiling Price although this intervention thresholds given in the event of structural changes in Indonesia's economic fundamentals, but the policy of intervention was assessed inconsistently. Because the car LCGC-called "earmarked" for the people of the lower middle class but are prohibited from using subsidized fuel. With some reason LCGC issuance of policies by the Government, there are some points that are contradicted by the transport and economic conditions in Indonesia. LCGC policy is certainly contrary to the spirit of alleviating transport problems especially congestion that was hit by the crisis. With the tax-free policy by the government, then the purchasing of the low-cost car will be higher. This is in accordance with the law of demand. The impact is congestion will worsen, especially in the knots of Indonesia's major cities. That means it will grow, the use of fuel and air pollution.
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Szamatowicz, Marcin, and Joshua Paundra. "Access or Ownership? The effect of car attributes and collective psychological ownership on the preference for car subscription services." Psychological Research on Urban Society 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/proust.v2i1.44.
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Alternative transportation services for urban commuters expand with car subscription services. Car subscription services give drivers access to cars without ownership for a relatively longer time period (e.g., months) than other sharing economy transportation services. Based on a mix of between- and within-subject design online experiment involving 274 participants, this study investigates traditional and upcoming subscribed car features namely, mileage limit, price, self-driving capability, advanced safety systems, and the moderating influence of collective psychological ownership of these features on people’s preference for car subscription services. The results suggest that these features significantly impact people’s preference toward this service. Collective psychological ownership was found to moderate the influence of self-driving capability and advance safety systems on people’s preference for car subscription services. Individuals with high collective psychological ownership preferred subscription cars with self-driving capability and were more concerned with the lack of advanced safety systems in a subscription car. Car subscription companies need to consider traditional (price and mileage limit), and upcoming features (self-driving capability and advance safety systems) when offering their services. More importantly, the moderating influence of collective psychological ownership on these features means that car subscription companies should account for people’s psychological disposition when considering additional car features.
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Sari, Puspita Kencana, and Adelia Purwadinata. "Analysis Characteristics of Car Sales In E-Commerce Data Using Clustering Model." Journal of Data Science and Its Applications 2, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/jdsa.2019.2.19.
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The number of car sales in e-commerce is currently increase along with the increasing use of the Internet in Indonesia. Purchases of Car in Indonesia are currently get higher, especially in used cars, which are a necessity for the community based on the odd-even system of car traffic policies currently applied in Jakarta. This research aims to study characteristics of clusters formed in e-commerce site to predict how are the car sales segmentation. Data is collected from big-two e-commerce site about car selling and buying in Indonesia. Clustering model is build using K-Means method and Davies Bouldin Index as evaluation of the clusters formed. The results show for both clusters, the first cluster has characteristic lowers sale price and older production year. The second cluster has higher price with latest production. From the model performance, evaluation from Davies Bouldin Index is quite good for both models.
Keywords : Big Data, Clustering, K-Means, E-Commerce
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Noviyanti, Erlyta Agustine, Caecilia Wahyu Estining Rahayu, and Christina Heti Tri Rahmawati. "Financial Performance and Stock Price: Another Review on Banks Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange." Journal of Management and Business Environment (JMBE) 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/jmbe.v3i1.3438.
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Financial performance is an important factor to attract investors in buying stocks. This study aims to determine the influence of financial performance measured by Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) on price of stocks of banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2014-2018. Of 43 banks, there were only 31 banks fit the criteria under purposive sampling technique. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the official website of Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied for analyzing the data that were tested for classic assumptions. The results showed that simultaneously NPL, LDR, CAR, DER, ROA and NPM had significant influence on stock prices. Partially, the result showed that only ROA and NPM had a significant influence on stock prices. Banks must then focus mainly on ROA and NPM in attracting investors.
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Lewis, Gregory. "Asymmetric Information, Adverse Selection and Online Disclosure: The Case of eBay Motors." American Economic Review 101, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 1535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.4.1535.
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Since Akerlof (1970), economists have understood the adverse selection problem that information asymmetries can create in used goods markets. The remarkable growth in online used goods auctions thus poses a puzzle. Part of the solution is that sellers voluntarily disclose their private information on the auction web page. This defines a precise contract -- to deliver the car shown for the closing price -- which helps protect the buyer from adverse selection. I test this theory using data from eBay Motors, finding that online disclosures are important price determinants, and that disclosure costs impact both the level of disclosure and prices. (JEL D44, D82, L81)
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Cao, Mengqiu, and Robin Hickman. "Car dependence and housing affordability: An emerging social deprivation issue in London?" Urban Studies 55, no. 10 (July 12, 2017): 2088–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017712682.
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This paper investigates the combined problem of high car dependence and housing affordability, in view of likely continued volatility in oil prices (and hence higher petrol and diesel prices), and rising house prices. Household budgets are likely to be stretched where there are high levels of car dependency and housing unaffordability – with little flexibility for rising costs in either or both of these. A composite car dependence and housing affordability (CDHA) index is developed, using indices of oil vulnerability related to car travel and housing affordability. Greater London is used as the case study, with 2001 and 2011 data analysed at the level of Lower Super Output Areas, and presented using Geographic Information System and R statistical software. The findings reveal that there are high levels of composite car dependence and housing price vulnerability in many suburban areas across Greater London, adding to the previous areas of social deprivation found mainly in East London. The composite CDHA index illustrates where the most vulnerable areas are spatially. Many neighbourhoods may become less attractive for those on median or even relatively high incomes. The areas most affected may become much more expensive to live in, potentially leading to much greater pressure on travel and housing costs as people could be forced to live further from the centre of London, including beyond the Greater London boundary, which has further implications for travel. Failing to consider these emerging affordability issues represents an oversight in terms of transport planning in London.
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Kirman, Alan, and Nathalie Schueller. "Price Leadership and Discrimination in the European Car Market." Journal of Industrial Economics 39, no. 1 (September 1990): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2098368.
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Carter, Colin A. "Government Rail Car Regulation and the Price of Canola." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 78, no. 3 (August 1996): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243285.
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Nurhadi, Ahmad. "The Effect of Product Prices and Promotions on Purchasing Decisions of Mitsubishi Brand Cars at PT. Srikandi Diamond Motors, Tangerang Branch." PINISI Discretion Review 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v1i1.13490.
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This study aims to determine the effect of product prices and promotions on purchasing decisions of Mitsubishi brand cars at PT. Srikandi Diamond Motors Tangerang Branch. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 96 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this study the price of products significantly influence the decision to purchase a Mitsubishi brand car by 42.7%, the hypothesis test obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05. Promotion has a significant effect on the decision to purchase a Mitsubishi brand car of 43.1%, the hypothesis test obtained a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Product prices and promotions simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions of Mitsubishi brand cars by 53.5%, hypothesis testing obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05.
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Martynov, I., A. Trufanova, and Y. Kalabukhin. "THE CONCEPT OF THE PASSENGER CAR LIFE CYCLE." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-150-14.
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The article deals with the issues of a conceptual approach to determining the life cycle of a passenger car. The fleet of passenger car mainly consists of models developed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. They are obsolete both morally and physically. This necessitates the renewal of the passenger car fleet by purchasing cars of both domestic and foreign production. In modern conditions, the user of new technology is interested not only in the purchase price, but also in the after-sales costs. This is reflected in the life cycle cost. It is proposed to use a cascade life cycle model for a passenger car. The stages of the life cycle of a passenger car during operation on the railways of Ukraine have been determined. The components of each stage of the life cycle of a passenger car are considered. For a transport company that intends to operate a passenger car, the costs of the first three stages are directly expressed in the initial cost of the car - the purchase price. The life cycle cost (LCC) of a passenger car will be determined by summing up the individual outflow of funds (expenses) at each specific stage (calculation step) of the service life of the equipment. The life cycle assessment of the technical system of railway transport can work at any stage of the life cycle.
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Busse, Meghan R., Nicola Lacetera, Devin G. Pope, Jorge Silva-Risso, and Justin R. Sydnor. "Estimating the Effect of Salience in Wholesale and Retail Car Markets." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.575.
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We investigate whether the first digit of an odometer reading is more salient to consumers than subsequent digits. We find that retail transaction prices and volumes of used vehicles drop discontinuously at 10,000-mile odometer thresholds, echoing effects found in the wholesale market by Lacetera, Pope and Sydnor (2012). Our results reveal that retail consumers devote limited attention to evaluating vehicle mileage, and that this drives effects in the wholesale market. We estimate the inattention parameter implied by the price discontinuities. In addition, our results suggest that estimating consumer-level structural parameters using data from an intermediate market can give misleading results.
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Irawati, Dwi, and Yuni Siti Nuraeni. "Analyzing the Influence of Quality, Price, and After-Sales Service of 5 Sedan Low Category to Consumer Satisfaction." eCo-Buss 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32877/eb.v2i2.131.
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The demand for private transportation that comfort, cheap, and good quality has been increasing lately. It caused many companies to launch any car that can answer the request. Refer to Indonesia, people that like most to visit each other and traveling created an increasing demand for this type of car. The Indonesian automotive market launch type of car that has a sedan category but has a small shape, it called the city car. City car has answered the demand for many consumers especially for a little family with two or more children who want to have a small vehicle completed with comfort, cheap and excellent quality features so that my research is to proof is there any relation between quality, price and after-sales service according to consumer satisfaction to 5 best seller refer to web otomotif.kompas.com, they are Toyota Agya, Daihatsu Ayla, Honda Brio Satya, Suzuki Wagon R15 dan Datsun GO+. The result of this research is proving that quality, price, and after-sales service has a connection to consumer satisfaction