Journal articles: 'Car panels'

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Nguyen, The Luong. "Effects of Using Nitrile Rubber Foam and Solar Panels on Cover for Cooling Outdoor Sparking Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.371.

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In the summer, the cars are exposed to strong sun when it is parked outdoor without the sunscreen, it has had accelerated the auto parts, interior aging and damage. In order to prevent that exposure, the solutions showed such as car awning, car sunshade and car sunscreen etc…, the above devices showed low effectivity for car sun protection. This paper will study effects of cooling system for outdoor sparking car using solar panels cover. A new covering car with multi-layers structure attaching flexible solar panels were designed to increase effectively sun protection, the nitrile rubber foam divided the light and heat radiation of the sun, the flexible solar panel converted solar energy into electric energy and supplied for the air conditioner to regulate inside car temperature. The results showed that, at nitrile rubber foam layer thickness of 4mm, the car maximum temperature of 41.5°C was observed for solar panel-awning-nitrile rubber cover which is much lower than it is exposed directly by sun radiation and commercial cover. The six solar panels (100W) were adapted on car cover, the solar electric energy supplied enough for a mini air conditioner of 340W. Performance of cooling system using solar panels was also investigated and it showed that the temperature inside car could be down to 24°C.

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Navodariu, Nicolae, Iulian Antoniac, Robert Ciocoiu, Octavian Trante, Robert Bololoi, Diana Tabaras, Alexandru Cernea, and Sebastian Gradinaru. "A Study on Surface Wetting and Corrosion Behavior of Straightened Car Panels." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8065.

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Straightening of impact damaged car panels is a common practice when damaged area is small to medium. Common car panel straightening methods are hammering, heating and welding pins and pulling on the material using a device called a spot weld puller, so that the straightened metal sheet may have, as a consequence, its microstructure, stress and strain state altered. The aim of this research was to find how the above methods alter the corrosion behavior of the alloy used for car panel manufacture. Samples from similar damaged car panels were obtained, straightened, tested and compared to a sample from an original panel. Testing implied microstructure characterization, surface wetting investigation and corrosion testing. It was concluded that when straightening is carried out by hammering and using the spot weld puller the worst corrosion behavior is to be expected.

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Baek, Woonsang, and Duck Young Kim. "An in-Process Inspection System to Detect Noise Originating from within the Interior Trim Panels of Car Doors." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030630.

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Car body parts are sometimes responsible for irritating noise caused by assembly defects. Typically, various types of noise are known to originate from within the interior trim panels of car doors. This noise is considered to be an important factor that degrades the emotional satisfaction of the driver of the car. This research suggests an in-process inspection system consisting of an inspection workstation and a noise detection method. The inspection workstation presses down the car door trim panel by using a pneumatic pusher while microphones record the acoustic signals directly above the door trim panel and on the four sides of the workstation. The collected signals are analyzed by the proposed noise detection method after applying noise reduction. The noise detection method determines the presence of irritating noise by using noise source localization in combination with the time difference of arrival method and the relative signal strengths. The performance of the in-process noise detection system was evaluated by conducting experiments on faulty and healthy car door trim panels.

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Wang, Er Bing, Hong Zhou, Hai Qing Xu, Fang Zhang, and Jing Wang. "Vehicle Interior Low Frequency Noise Optimum Using Substructure Modal Synthesis Method." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 2206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2206.

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Combined with the structural dynamic model of a car set up with the substructure modal synthesis method, body panels acoustic contribution was analyzed to reduce the in-car structural noise in low frequency range. The driver-right-ear position was selected as acoustic response point, with the operational vibration response of the dynamic model as boundary condition for acoustic BEM (boundary element model), the panels that attribute most to the in-car noise were located according to ATV (acoustic transfer vector) results. After the vibrational restraint of the crucial panels by corresponding experimental measurement, in idling, the most decrease of main peaks is 5.7dB; the overall level of in-car noise is reduced by 3.89dB. It indicates that the substructure mode synthesis method can provide proper suggestion for optimizing in-car structural noise.

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Lavrukhin, O., V. Zapara, H. Baulina, Y. Zapara, and A. Kyman. "Rationalization of the Use of Alternative Rolling Stock for Transportation of Vegetable Cargo with Insufficient Number of Grain Hoppers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19796.

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The main problems of transportation of vegetable cargo by the Ukraine railway transport are considered. It was established that as grain export grows rapidly and subject to the current technical condition of the railway, the number of special rolling stock – grain hoppers – is insufficient. The article proposes using an alternative rolling stock – a covered car. The use of metal door panels in the car has been proposed to ensure the car loading without restrictions on the height of loading in the doorway space and the complete safety of the cargo with the increased use of the load capacity of covered cars. The influence of loading density of the loaded cargo on the degree of use of loading capacity and loading volume of the car was investigated when standard wooden door panels are used vs. proposed metal door panels. The study have proved significant economy of the covered car fleet during transportation of vegetable cargo with the use of metal door panels in the loading density range of the cargo from a minimum to 610 kg/m3.

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Zeng, Zhi Peng, Yan Shu Zhang, Yi Zhou, and Quan Lin Jin. "Superplastic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Car Body Panels." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3025.

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An experimental study on superplastic forming of a front fender of 5182 aluminum alloy is presented in this paper. Based on the shape characters of the front fender and the material experimental results, dies, heater and temperature controller for superplastic forming of the fender are designed and manufactured. The SPF results show the designed processing and dies are reasonable and feasible.

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Arieffadillah, Moch Farhan, I. Nyoman Satya Kumara, and Yoga Divayana. "The Development of Solar PV Car to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Transport Sector." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2021.v05.i01.p03.

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Global warming is contributed by human activities in many sectors. The sector that contributes significantly to generating carbon emissions is transportation sector. An effort to reduce carbon emissions is by utilizing PV panels on vehicle’s body surface. This paper reviews the development of vehicle-mounted PV panels around the world. The review covers technical specifications, manufacturer, and function of the PV panel on the vehicle. The objective is to get insight on the current development of vehicle with PV panels. The information presented in this paper is expected to provide updates for stakeholders in the field of renewable energy and land transportation in Indonesia. Also, this information can be used as a reference for further research on vehicle with PV panels both in Indonesia or elsewhere that are developing future environmentally-friendly vehicle. The result is a database consists of 948 vehicle which has solar PV around the body of the vehicle. 936 vehicles or about 99% were made for solar car race and only 1% for commercial and prototype. The solar PV system serves as a main or auxiliary power supply of the vehicle depending on whether they are hybrid or fully electric cars.

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Shaposhnikov, Kirill, and Mads J. Herring Jensen. "Panel Contribution Analysis Based on FEM, BEM and Numerical Green’s Function Approaches." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500378.

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The panel acoustic contribution analysis is used to determine the contribution of vibrating panels to the noise level inside closed spaces like a car cabin. The use of numerical techniques makes it possible to rate the panels according to their contributions accounting for the interaction between the structural vibrations and the acoustic pressure at a listening point. We consider the application of the finite and boundary element methods and the numerical Green’s function approaches to the problem and discuss the pros and cons regarding their use. The results show that the numerical Green’s function approach coupled to structure can be effectively used for the panel contribution analysis in situations with multiple panels and few listening points.

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Gnatov, Andrey, and Schasyana Argun. "New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2015 (July 26, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192958.

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Recently repair and recovery vehicle body operations become more and more popular. A special place here is taken by equipment that provides performance of given repair operations. The most interesting things are methods for recovery of car body panels that allow the straightening without disassembling of car body panels and damaging of existing protective coating. Now, there are several technologies for repair and recovery of car body panels without their disassembly and dismantling. The most perspective is magnetic-pulse technology of external noncontact straightening. Basics of magnetic-pulse attraction, both ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic thin-walled sheet metal, are explored. Inductor system calculation models of magnetic-pulse straightening tools are presented. Final analytical expressions for excited efforts calculation in the tools under consideration are introduced. According to the obtained analytical expressions, numerical evaluations of excited forces were executed. The volumetric epures of the attractive force radial distributions for different types of inductors were built. The practical testing of magnetic-pulse straightening with research tools is given. Using the results of the calculations we can create effective tools for an external magnetic-pulse straightening of car body panels.

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Yang, Lu Lu, Hui Min Zhang, and Meng Li. "CAE Optimization of Hot Runner Sequential Injection Molding for Car Interior Trim Panels." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.460.

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In the injection molding of large and thin plastics parts, multiple gates are used, so many weld lines would generate because melted plastic has more than two directions of flow. The existence of weld 1ine harms not only appearance, but also the mechanical properties of products. The paper studied the method of sequential injection to solve this problem. Taking car door trim panels for example, the flow simulations were done by Moldflow software. Conventional hot runner injection and sequential hot runner injection, different gating locations were compared. Optimization result was got. It was proven that sequential injection system can improve the quality of the surface (especially the weld 1ine) and the performance of the actual products thereby this can be guiding significance for the practical production.

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MORIYAMA, Takuya, Nobuo KOCHI, and Hiroto WATANABE. "Automatic 3-D Image Measurement of Car Body Panels." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 51, no. 596 (2010): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.51.875.

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Daniel, Dominique, Gilles Guiglionda, Pierre Litalien, and Ravi Shahani. "Overview of Forming and Formability Issues for High Volume Aluminium Car Body Panels." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.795.

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Cost-efficient designs of aluminum autobody structures consist mainly of stampings using conventional technology. Progress in metallurgy and forming processes has enabled aluminum body panels to achieve significant market share, particularly for hoods. Fast bake hardening alloys with better hemming performance were developed for improved outer panel sheet products. Specific guidelines for handling and press working were established to form aluminum panels using similar schedules and production lines as steel parts. Stamping productivity was improved by optimization of the trimming process to reduce sliver/particle generation and resulting end-of-line manual rework. Both hemming formability and trimming quality not only depend on tooling setup but also on microstructural features, which govern intrinsic alloy ductility. Targets for the next high volume aluminum car body applications, such as roof panels and doors, require higher strength and/or better formability. The challenges of complex stampings can be met with optimized alloys and lubricants, with improved numerical simulation to fine-tune stamping process parameters, and with the introduction of new technologies. Warm forming was examined as a potential breakthrough technology for high volume stamping of complex geometries.

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Wang, Ming Ming, Teng Fei Li, Xin Li, Cheng Liu, and Hui Xia Liu. "Body Structure Static-Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Commercial Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.400.

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White body in the design process needs to meet the needs of a wide range of performance requirement. Adequate stiffness and modal are the basis to ensure the vehicle’s performance of vibration noise. Simultaneously, in order to reduce energy consumption and cost, the lightweight design of the white body has become the mainstream. In this paper, the optimization design is conducted for stiffness and modal of a commercial vehicle’s white body based on the theory of the finite element size sensitivity optimization design. Firstly, build the finite element model of a vehicle’s white body and analyze its stiffness and modal. Some changes were made to the car-body’s partial structure according to the distributing of strain energy achieved from above analysis, which improved the car-body’s dynamic and static performance initially. Secondly, choose panels needed to be optimized by reference to the density of strain energy and panels’ mass. Then, the car-body’s structure was optimized using panels’ thickness as design variables, stiffness and modal frequencies as constrains and minimizing weight of white car-body as objective. After the analysis of the result, modal separation was put forward to improve the quality of this finite element optimization design model. Finally, the car-body’s stiffness and mode nature entirely satisfied the requirements with car-body’s weight decreased.

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Marsh, George. "Carbon composite car body panels gain traction with Gurit Automotive." Reinforced Plastics 55, no. 5 (September 2011): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-3617(11)70141-2.

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Heckmann, M., A. Birkert, M. Scholle, M. Sobhani, B. Awiszus, and H. Weiland. "Method to increase denting stiffness of car body skin panels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063 (July 2018): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012089.

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Asnafi, Nader. "On strength, stiffness and dent resistance of car body panels." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 49, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)01333-v.

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Simma, A., and K. W. Axhausen. "Commitments and Modal Usage: Analysis of German and Dutch Panels." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (January 2003): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-03.

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Travelers commit themselves to particular behaviors through the ownership of cars and season tickets. They trade a large one-time payment for a low or zero marginal cost at the point of use. It can be assumed that these commitments influence travel behavior and future commitment situations. Apparently, none of the literature addresses the choice between the commitment to one or the other mode and its impacts on travel behavior as well as the temporal dimension. Models that use structural equation modeling to test a priori hypotheses on the paths linking car availability, ownership of a season ticket for public transportation, and modal usage during three different time periods are presented. Modal usage is operationalized as the number of trips by car and public transport. The models are based on two different panel surveys (in Germany and the Netherlands). The results show that there is a high degree of stability in car ownership and a relatively high degree of stability in season ticket ownership (for Germany only). The commitments influence modal usage, whereby the influence on one mode is higher than the influence on the other mode. The relationship between the two modes is a substitutive one.

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Hu, Xing Jun, and Jing Chang. "Influence of Engine Cabin Simplification on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Car." Advanced Materials Research 1042 (October 2014): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1042.188.

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In order to analyze the impact of engine cabin parts on aerodynamic characteristics, the related parts are divided into three categories except the engine cooling components: front thin plates (average thickness of 2mm), bottom-suspension and interior panels. The aerodynamic drag coefficient (Cd) were obtained upon the combination schemes consisting of the three types of parts by numerical simulation. Results show that Cd by simulation is closer to the test value gained by the wind tunnel experiment when front thin plates were simplified to the two-dimensional interface with zero thickness. The error is only 5.23%. Meanwhile this scheme reduces grid numbers, thus decreasing the calculating time. As the front thin plates can guide the flow, there is no difference on the Cd values gained from the model with or without bottom-suspension or interior panels when the engine cabin contains the front thin plates; while only both bottom-suspension and interior panels are removed, the Cd value can be reduced when the cabin doesn’t contain the front thin plates.

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Sharke, Paul. "Long Line in Long Beach." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-oct-8.

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This article discusses various aspects of a riveter and its usage at Boeing. Boeing took delivery of the riveter in 1998 from the German company Brötje Automation and the Spanish company Torres Industries. The riveter puts together the fuselage panels of the U.S. Air Force's C- 17 Globemaster Ill, a giant military transport aircraft {CE: Please check the validity of this edit.}. In four stations, the riveter joins panels to panels, and panels to frames. At the first station, an overhead crane takes an individual panel out of a shipping container, rotates it from a vertical posture to a horizontal one, and then lowers it onto a field of spike-like ‘pogos.’ The pogos extend and retract radially from a bridge, cradling a panel by conforming to its contours like a waiter balancing a tray on the tips of all five fingers. Adding to the already complex matrix of rivet data and locations is the control of every pogo and bridge move for any given panel assembly. With nine pogos per bridge, each with radial and circumferential locations, and five bridges per car, each of which must move along the length of the shuttle for tool clearance, the machine presents a monumental programming task.

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Krishnamoorthy, Revathi, Monir Takla, Aleksandar Subic, and Derek Scott. "Design Optimisation of Passenger Car Hood Panels for Improved Pedestrian Protection." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.62.

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This article presents research motivated by the prospect of imminent implementation of the new regulatory requirement for pedestrian protection GTR9 (Global Technical Regulation9). A new methodology has been developed for optimisation of the hood panel of passenger cars to ensure that the pedestrian Head Injury Criterion (HIC) falls below the threshold values specified by both the GTR9 and the consumer metric, the Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP). To meet the performance criteria for pedestrian protection head impact, it is vital to incorporate the associated design parameters into the hood design process at an early stage. These parameters are architectural in nature whereby changing them later in the vehicle design process would be very expensive and difficult to implement. The developed methodology for the design of a hood configuration aims to provide a robust and homogeneous HIC for different impact positions in the central area of the hood of a large sedan, taking into consideration the limited space available for deformation. The non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software LS-DYNA was used in this research to simulate the GTR-9/ANCAP pedestrian head impact testing procedures. The efficiency of a hood design was calculated as the ratio of the theoretical optimal deformation of hood assembly for a given value of HIC to the actual deformation calculated for the same HIC value of the corresponding numerical test. The efficiency and HIC value were derived for each configuration and compared to obtain the optimal solution for homogeneous performance and minimal deformation of outer and inner hood panels. The Kriging response surface and the Monte Carlo method were used in the design of numerical experiments. The outcomes of this study provide a clear indication that an optimum configuration of the hood panel of a passenger car can be developed to minimize the hood deformation while meeting the requirement for HIC value.

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Zhang, Lei, and Zhi Yong Hao. "Lightweight Research of Automobile Dash Panel Based on Sound-Structure Sensitivity." Advanced Materials Research 681 (April 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.200.

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In the research of the automobile front dash, the key of design is that acoustic need should be satisfied while losing the weight. In this paper, a structure-sound field coupling model of car body space is built. To fulfill the request, the dash panel is divided into several parts, and the sensitivity of thickness of each parts to the sound at the position of driver’s and co-pilot’s ears is calculated. Based on the sensitivity, the driver’s and the co-pilot’s parotic sound pressure is optimized while reducing the weight of front dash. The result proves that lightweight design is successful, which gives the reference to the design of the car body panels.

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Diharjo, Kuncoro, N. S. Suharty, A. E. B. Nusantara, and Ridwan Afandi. "The Effect of Sokka Clay on the Tensile and Burning Properties of rPP/Clay Composite." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.338.

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Materials engineering, in order to achieve weight reduction and cost saving, was widely developed using plastic-based composite materials, like polypropylene (PP). As the large consumption of PP, the recycled polypropylene (rPP) was potential for producing rPP-based composites for car body panels. However, it had to have high mechanical and burning properties, and it can be achieved using clay particle as filler, like local clay from Sokka Kebumen Indonesia. The clay particle was made from rejected Sokka tile pocessed using a grinding machine and sieved for several sizes (≤74μm; 74-100 μm; 100-125 µm). The mixure of rPP/clay were pressed using a hotpress for producing the composite and its specimens were tested using Universal Testing Machine and horizontal burning test apparatus, and the fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. The enhancing of tensile and burning properties of rPP/clay composite can be performed by using the addition of Sokka-clay and smaller particle of clay. The rPP/clay composite was competitive with the commercial panel of car interior and potential to be applied as car panel material.

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Ota, Yasuyuki, Taizo Masuda, Kenji Araki, and Masafumi Yamaguchi. "Curve-Correction Factor for Characterization of the Output of a Three-Dimensional Curved Photovoltaic Module on a Car Roof." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120432.

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For modeling the energy generation of three-dimensional car roof photovoltaic (PV) panels, it is essential to define a scientifically accurate method to model the amount of solar irradiance received by the panel. Additionally, the average annual irradiance incident on car roofs must be evaluated, because the PV module is often shaded during driving and when parked. The curve-correction factor, which is a unique value depending on the three-dimensional curved shape of the PV module, is defined in this paper. The curve-correction factor was calculated using a ray-trace simulator. It was found that the shape of the curved surface affected the curve-correction factor. The ratio of the projection area to the curved surface area of most car roofs is 0.85–0.95, and the annual curve-correction factor lies between 0.70 and 0.90. The annual irradiance incident on car roofs was evaluated using a mobile multipyranometer array system for one year (September 2017–August 2018). It is estimated that the effective annual solar radiation for curved PV modules is 2.53–3.52 kWh m−2/day.

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Jadhav, Akshay K. "Vibration Analysis of Laminated Hybrid Composite Material for Racing Car Panels." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.9113.

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Batygin, Yu V., E. A. Chaplygin, and O. S. Sabokar. "MAGNETIC-PULSE CAR BODY PANELS FLATTENING. THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND PRACTICAL RESULTS." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2016.4.07.

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Hanouf, Zahir, Waleed F. Faris, and Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor. "Dynamic Characterization of Car Door and Hood Panels Using FEA and EMA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.89.

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The dynamic characterization of vehicle structures is a crucial step in NVH analysis and helps in refining the vibration and noise in new vehicles. This paper investigates the dynamic properties of two parts of the vehicle structure which are door and hood panels. Theoretical modal analysis which is referred to as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) or modal testing has been used as investigative tools. The paper investigates the structural dynamic properties of door and hood panels of a local car. ME'scope software was used to analyze the data obtained from Pulse to extract the dynamic properties of the panels. LS-DYNA software was used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the structure. The comparison between the results obtained from both analyses showed some similarity in frequencies and mode shapes. Finally the paper concludes that experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis can both be used to extract dynamic properties of structures.

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Bangale, Sarthak. "Implementation of Laminate Structure in Car Hood and Study of its NVH Parameters." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37079.

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This paper examines the implementation of Laminate structure and aluminium panels in Hood in place of conventional steel hood. In laminate structure, 3 layers is considered with aluminum as a face material and PVC Solid as a core material which helps in efficient energy absorption and provide necessary stiffness for the panel. It has been observed that the natural frequency is improved over conventional steel bonnets with benefit of weight reduction in hood assembly. To validate its NVH performance static stiffness, natural frequency and torsional stiffness has been calculated and it has been found that Laminate structure Hood has better performance than steel hood with overall weight reduction of 41.36%.

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LIU, HUI-XIA, WEI WEI, XIAO WANG, and LAN CAI. "DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT CAD SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE PANEL DIE." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 07, no. 01 (June 2008): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686708001012.

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A knowledge-based intelligent die design system for automotive panels is developed by UG software platform. This system can accomplish design intelligently and automatically through engineering rules in the knowledge base. The framework and implementation of the system are discussed. Finally, a case study of the panel die design of car trunk in the system is implemented, which illustrates working process, working principle, implement method and practicability of the system, and validates the advanced design conception proposed in this paper.

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Gnatov, A., I. Trunova, and Sch Argun. "DISK MATCHING DEVICES FOR METHODS OF EXTERIOR LEVELLING OF CAR BODY PANELS." Automobile Transport, no. 39 (December 23, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2016.39.0.66.

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Wang, Zhong-jin, Li-huang Zheng, Zhang-guang Liu, Nan Xiang, and Peng-yi Wang. "Investigation of viscous pressure forming for 6K21-T4 aluminum alloy car panels." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 85, no. 9-12 (November 19, 2015): 2525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8018-x.

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Eichhorn, Andreas, Daniela Girimonte, Aljoscha Klose, and Rudolf Kruse. "Soft computing for automated surface quality analysis of exterior car body panels." Applied Soft Computing 5, no. 3 (March 2005): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2004.08.002.

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Jia, Junbo, and Anders Ulfvarson. "Modal Testing and Finite Element Calculations for Lightweight Aluminum Panels in Car Carriers." Marine Technology and SNAME News 43, no. 01 (January 1, 2006): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2006.43.1.11.

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Due to their characteristics and lower maintenance cost, lightweight aluminum structures have been widely used for manufacturing deck structures. When this type of structure is developed, the natural frequencies for the unloaded deck may increase, while the natural frequencies for loaded decks are most likely to decrease and new problems of vibration and damping may appear. In addition, it has already been shown by the authors that compared to the load effects of normal cargo, the dynamic structural behavior of a vehicle-loaded deck is different due to the participation of vehicle vibrations. The current paper presents a modal analysis by both testing and finite element (FE) calculation for a lightweight deck using aluminum panels. By comparing the results between the unloaded and car-loaded cases, it is shown how vehicle loading influences the dynamic structural behavior of the deck structures. The authors report that an aluminum panel mechanically connected to a steel frame may participate in some mode shapes of vibrations that significantly increase the corresponding damping ratio. The reasonably good agreement between modal testing results and FE calculations validates the finite element model, which may then be used for further dynamic analysis. The authors found that the spring-damping systems of car suspension and tires can interfere in the dynamic transmission of the vehicle mass into the deck structure. The study enables structural engineers interested in the design of car carriers to have a better understanding of how the vehicles parked on decks can influence the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle deck systems.

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Schneider, Matthias, and Mathias Liewald. "Approach for Implementation of Short Cycle Stretch Forming (SCS) to Cupping Processes." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1096.

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Short Cycle Stretch Forming (SCS) is a new stretching process patented by the Institute for Metal Forming (IFU) of the University of Stuttgart in 2006 [. It was mainly developed for outer car panels like doors [ and roofs [ with the aim of:

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Liu, Qiang, Shu Chen Yang, and Jun Wang. "Intelligent Vehicle Based on Solar Power Generation and Semiconductor Refrigeration Air Conditioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1547.

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To solve the car in the sun after the problem of high temperature inside the car, to make the intelligent vehicle based on solar power generation and semiconductor refrigeration air conditioning, the solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy, in our production based on ARM architecture - M3 processor core LM3S615 micro controller of solar power controller under the control of the converted to battery power, battery supply power to refrigeration semiconductor under the controller control of semiconductor refrigeration elements side pick up the car refrigeration is reduce the interior temperature, heating surface pickup in vitro heat pipes for heat transfer to the outside of the car, and the car is equipped with temperature sensors to detect the temperature inside the car can, when the temperature reaches a set temperature refers to the controller control battery supply power to refrigeration piece to reduce the temperature inside the car, when the temperature is lower than a set temperature controller to control battery direction to the cooling power to improve the temperature inside the car, achieve the result of intelligent temperature control of the car, to reduce pollution, save energy and has strong practical value.

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Fan, Xue Mei, Jian Feng Wang, Cheng Jin Duan, Xiang Xin Xia, and Zhao Hui Wang. "Study on Automobile Body Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.146.

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In order to analyze the mechanical properties of Carbon/epoxy facings-Aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, we simulated panels of different layers and core thickness using ABAQUS finite element analysis program. And three-point bending tests and shear tests were made on the same panels using electronic universal testing machine. In addition, we also made the same three-point bending tests on steel tubes to get a comparison with honeycomb sandwich panels. It could be seen that, the simulated results were basically identified with experimental results. The results indicated that core thickness played an important role in the panels’ bulking modulus, and number of carbon fiber layers decided the shear strength. As a whole, honeycomb sandwich structure was suitable for use in the car body with good mechanical properties under premise of lighter.

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Cheng, Rong. "Mechanical Properties of Automotive Instrument Panels with Semi-Rigid Foam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.168.

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Semi-rigid polyurethane foam to soften the instrument panel has a lightweight, impact and energy absorption performance, while improving the texture of the surface of the instrument panel. This article was prepared by one-step car instrument panel with semi-rigid polyurethane foam, through the design of the four factors and three levels orthogonal test program, using Fourier infrared spectroscopy to characterize its structure, measuring its apparent density and hardness properties of transformation, the combination of research influence of the proportion of polyether foam system.

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Inagaki, Hirosuke. "Texture Development in 6000 Series Al-Mg-Si Alloys for Car Body Panels." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.77.

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Recovery, recrystallization and the formation of recrystallization textures were investigated in three representative Al-Mg-Si alloys used for car body panels. Commercial hot bands of AA6016, AA6111 and AA6061 Al-Mg-Si alloys finished at low temperatures were cold rolled to a rolling reduction of 95 % in thickness and isothermally annealed at temperatures between 250 and 500 °C. In these alloys, precipitation was completed for the most part during low temperature hot rolling, and the sizes and the amount of fine precipitates formed during this low temperature hot rolling strongly affected recrystallization and the development of recrystallization textures. As a result, in the specimens annealed at 300 °C, quite different recrystallization behavior and recrystallization textures were observed. In the AA6061 alloy, in which, among three alloys, the maximum amount of Mg2Si should be precipitated, recrystallization was significantly suppressed. This resulted in the formation of strong {110} <111> and {100} <013> recrystallization textures. Also in the AA6111 alloy, in which precipitation of a medium amount of Mg2Si was expected, recrystallization was retarded to the same extent. In this alloy, however, recrystallization textures consisted of very strong {100} <001> and rather strong {110} <111> main orientations. In theAA6016 alloy, in which the minimum amount of Mg2Si and a large amount of Si particles should be precipitated, recrystallization occurred very rapidly, forming very weak recrystallization textures. In all alloys, annealing at higher temperatures resulted in the formation of weak textures, since fine precipitates were dissolved during annealing. Thus, the solution treatment, which is a necessary step to induce bake hardening in these alloys, randomizes their recrystallization textures.

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Ohta, Yoshiki. "Approximating Bending Stiffness for Structural Optimization of Double-skin Hollowed Car Body Panels." EPI International Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082018.03.

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This paper presents the construction of the approximate equivalent bending stiffness of double-skin hollowed rectangular plates. For this purpose, the equivalent bending stiffness of the plate are expressed first in the quadratic polynomial form with respect to the design parameters for structural optimization by using the Response Surface Method (RSM). Finite element formulation for bending problem of the plate is also formulated by using the ACM rectangular element, and then FE source code is developed by incorporating the equivalent stiffness obtained by the RSM. Finally the numerical results obtained from the present FEA with the equivalent stiffness are compared with the ones by a commercial FE software, ANSYS, and then the applicability of the approximate equivalent stiffness are studied.

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反田, 大貴, and 正幸横田. "Bright Material Distribution in Car Body Panels Analyzed by Low Coherence Digital Holography." 産業応用工学会論文誌 8, no. 2 (2020): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jjiiae.8.2.154.

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Andric, Jerolim, Stanislav Kitarovic, Vito Radolovic, and Pero Prebeg. "Structural analysis and design of a car carrier with composite sandwich deck panels." Ships and Offshore Structures 14, sup1 (January 16, 2019): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2018.1564536.

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Al Siyabi, Idris, Arwa Al Mayasi, Aiman Al Shukaili, and Sourav Khanna. "Effect of Soiling on Solar Photovoltaic Performance under Desert Climatic Conditions." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030659.

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The solar irradiation at the gulf Arabia is considered one of the highest in the world. However, this region is classified as a desert with high dust accumulation. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of soiling and the photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle on the performance of 2.0 MWp of car park PV plant in Oman. Experimental measurements were taken and a model was developed for simulation. The power generation by the cleaned PV system was measured as 1460 kW around noon. After one week of operation, the power production (at the same irradiance level) reduced to 1390 kW due to soiling. It further reduced to 1196 kW and 904 kW after three and five weeks of operation, respectively. The results also show that a soiling-percentage of 7.5% reduced the monthly electricity generation (307 MWh) by 5.6% and a soiling-percentage of 12.5% reduced the generation by 10.8%. Furthermore, the increase in tilt is not recommended due to the duo-pitch canopy effect of the car park where the panels with 180° azimuth generate lower electricity than the panels with 0° azimuth. In addition, the part of the car park with 180° azimuth caused shading to the other part for high tilt angles.

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Khan, Zaffar M., Ghulam Yahya, M. Umer, Bilal Khan, and Faraz Tahir. "Development of Resin Infusion Process for Ultralight Large Composite Structures." Advanced Materials Research 326 (September 2011): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.326.53.

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Resin Infusion process is an affordable process for developing composite structures but resin impregnate is made difficult by its large size of engineering products. This research demonstrates development of large structures such as body of a high performance automobile in a single step resin infusion process. Three different scaled down models of the car were developed according to user’s technical requirements focusing on minimal weight, air drag and aesthetics. Pro E and ANSYS were used to determine the optimal shape, geometry, size, aesthetics and strength. The digital model of exterior shape of car body was developed through coordinate measuring machine using selected model instead of Pro-E modeling due to time constraints. The digitized data was used for development of Pro-E model. The Pro-E model was scaled up to generate CAD drawings for tool development. Different stations were marked on the model and sliced virtually for development of pattern. After developing pattern, the mold was manufactured from carbon and glass / polyester composites for prototype manufacturing of the car body. The prototype manufacturing involved placement of specific number of carbon layers as perform on female side of the mold. The vacuum sucked the resin through a number of carefully selected entry ports. Multiple resin delivery ports ensured effective resin distribution and impregnation. After curing the cutting, trimming and drilling operations were carried out to finish car body to actual size. Polyacrylic wind shield was thermoformed in convection current oven according to streamlined geometry of car body. The car body was integrated with the compatible floor panels and accessories. The crumble zone shock absorber in the bumper was manufactured using successive layers of Nomex® honeycomb and PVC rigid foam to dampen the accidental shock. The successful test runs were made to qualify the car body according to user’s technical requirements.

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Albiez, Christoph, Mathias Liewald, Andreas Görres, and Jochen Regensburger. "Enhanced Requirements for Surface Quality of Outer Car Body Shells According to Thermal Manufacturing Processes." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.957.

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Challenging automotive design in the interaction of modern lightweight strategies to reduce car body weight as well as legislative regulations, impose higher requirements for future car body development. This trend leads to thinner sheet metal blanks and indicates higher requirements for narrow process windows in the entire manufacturing process to ensure the surface quality of outer shell panels. Especially, thermal loads within the coating process might cause local shape deviation in the startup phase of a new product. Further developments in multi-material-design for car body components induce material configurations with a complex deformation behavior due to different thermal expansion characteristics of the materials involved. For these reasons, there is a need to improve the prediction of the surface quality in the early car development process using numerical simulation methods. The influence of process parameters affecting the surface quality is shown and integrated into the process simulation.

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Lee, Jae Heon, Seong Kyun Cheong, and Ki Hoon Shin. "Impact Characteristics of a Honeycomb Sandwich Panel." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1761.

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The concept of light weight design will be very helpful for the tilting train to travel around a curve at a faster speed because the light weight car body makes the center of gravity lower. The impact characteristics of composite materials should be investigated because the impact property of composites is very important. This paper investigates the low-velocity impact characteristics and residual strength conducted on honeycomb sandwich panels. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out at different energy levels on honeycomb sandwich panels using a drop-weight apparatus. The impact-induced damages such as fiber breakage, matrix crack and delamination are examined with an optical microscope apparatus. Residual strength was evaluated by applying three point bending load to honeycomb sandwich panels. Experimental results show that the residual strength is greatly reduced as the impact energy increases. From the microscopic observation data, matrix crack, fiber breakage and delamination are the main impact damages of honeycomb sandwich panels.

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Romanoff, Jani, and Alan Klanac. "Design Optimization of Steel Sandwich Hoistable Car Decks Applying Homogenized Plate Theory." Journal of Ship Production 24, no. 02 (May 1, 2008): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2008.24.2.108.

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This paper describes an approach for concept design of laser-welded web-core steel sandwich panels. The method uses a newly developed theory for the bending response of laser-welded web-core sandwich plates. Structural optimization is carried out using enumeration and newly developed vectorization-based genetic algorithm. To demonstrate these concepts, a case study in design of a hoistable car deck is considered. Finally, the optimization is conducted considering the objectives of deck weight.

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Pou, J., M. Boutinguiza, F. Quintero, F. Lusquiños, R. Soto, and M. Pérez-Amor. "Comparative study of the cutting of car interior trim panels reinforced by natural fibers." Journal of Laser Applications 13, no. 3 (June 2001): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.1373436.

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Winther, Tanja, Hege Westskog, and Hanne Sæle. "Like having an electric car on the roof: Domesticating PV solar panels in Norway." Energy for Sustainable Development 47 (December 2018): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2018.09.006.

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Cárcel, A. C., C. Ferrer, and M. A. Pérez. "Mecanismos de fricción en la estampación de chapas electrocincadas para automóviles." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2004): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2004.v43.i2.492.

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Spingler, G. "Modelling of links in a numerical simulation to improve occupant safety during side impact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto604.

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During side impact, door panels must be designed according to the original equipment manufacturer's passive safety requirements to reach good European New Car Assessment Programme scores. The energy produced during the shock must be absorbed and no fracture of contactable parts should appear. To design the best solution, numerical finite element codes are used and predictability of the calculations is necessary to converge directly to the safest concept. This paper shows a great improvement in the calculation accuracy by modelling the behaviour of links between parts. Polymer rivet and snap behaviours are discussed and a methodology for samples is described. It is now possible to detect and to reinforce design in risk areas with crash simulations to avoid any breakage of the door panel assembly. Finally, a validation of the door panel is highlighted by comparing experimental results and numerical simulation predictions.

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Kolnerová, Michaela, Jiří Sobotka, and Pavel Solfronk. "Adhesive Bonding Joints of Coating with Zn/Mg Layer on Sheets for Car-Body Panels at Temperature Loading." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.167.

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The paper deals with the monitoring of utility properties of new coating type on the basis of Zn/Mg (ZM). For the comparison there was used commonly used coating in the series production of car-body panels on the basis of zinc (Z100). Measured results markedly contribute to improve production systems of car-body adhesion bonding on the basic of performed evaluation of applied coatings types utility properties quality with regard to influence of temperature and corrosion environment. Testing was carry out by T-peel test acc. to ISO 11339 when such type of loading represents crucial bonding fracture type. Thus results reveal information about behavior of adhesive joints strength properties together with the type of fracture as a criterion for suitable application of new coatings types on the basis of Zn/Mg and their implementation into series production of automobiles.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Car panels'

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